Article(id=1316714684414276420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1316714454184739470, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20251014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1767110400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1779638400000, acceptedDateStr=2026-05-25, onlineDate=1791858844140, onlineDateStr=2026-10-13, pubDate=1791043200000, pubDateStr=2026-10-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791858844140, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791858844139, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791858844139, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1316714454184739470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='10', pageStart='4661', pageEnd='5310', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1791043200000', pubDateStr='2026-10-04', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791858789249, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791885400527, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1316826070066774161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1316714454184739470, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1316826070066774162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1316714454184739470, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4937, endPage=4955, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1316714684863066949, articleId=1316714684414276420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Stress tolerance, growth promotion and functional gene mining of Bacillus zhangzhouensis A015 from severe saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To obtain the strains with strong saline-alkali tolerance and plant growth-promoting traits from the severe saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, thereby providing excellent strain resources for the development of microbial fertilizers and soil improvement agents. [Methods] Bacteria with strong saline-alkali tolerance were screened using modified LB medium. Subsequently, the strain was taxonomically identified based on morphology, physiological-biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing, and its plant growth-promoting properties were characterized systematically. In addition, the strain was whole-genome sequenced via the Illumina NovaSeq X Plus platform. [Results] A strain with strong saline-alkali tolerance and multiple plant growth-promoting functions was isolated and designated as Bacillus zhangzhouensis A015 (CCTCC M20242724). It could tolerate 250 g/L NaCl and grow within a range of pH 2.0-12.0. Results of multifunctional growth-promoting tests revealed that strain A015 could produce ACC deaminase, and exhibited nitrogen fixation, potassium solubilization, organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus solubilization abilities. The nitrogenase activity of strain A015 was (185.36±4.16) ng/L. Its organic phosphorus solubilization index was 1.35±0.15, with lecithin conversion amount of (3.77±0.07) mg/L. The inorganic phosphorus solubilization index was 1.42±0.04, and the transformation amount of calcium phosphate reached up to (24.79±0.59) mg/L. Besides, the potassium solubilization index was 1.30±0.08, and the transformation capacity of feldspar powder was (5.16±0.18) mg/L. Wheat seed germination and growth promotion assays demonstrated that, compared with the control group (CK), inoculation with strain A015 significantly promoted the growth of wheat plumules and radicles on water agar media with 0-20 g/L NaCl. Specifically, under 5 g/L NaCl stress, remarkable growth promotion effects on plumule and radicle length were observed, with the growth increments of 43.86% and 20.14%, respectively. Notably, this strain could still effectively facilitate root growth under high salt stress of 15-20 g/L NaCl. The whole-genome sequence of A015 was deposited in NCBI, with the accession number JBSPZB000000000. Genome analysis revealed 25 saline-alkali tolerance-related genes, which were mainly involving mrp, mle, and nha gene clusters; meanwhile, 65 plant growth-promoting genes were identified, including nif, gdh, and kef gene clusters. [Conclusion] A strain of Bacillus A015 with strong salt-alkali tolerance and excellent plant growth-promoting ability was obtained from severe saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang. Genomic analysis further revealed genes linked to its salt-alkali tolerance and plant growth promotion capabilities. The findings provide theoretical basis and practical support for the development of saline-alkali soil microbial fertilizers in Xinjiang and the exploration of the strain’s stress tolerance mechanisms.

, authors=Min HU1, 2, Xin WANG1, 2, Zhiqiang FEI1, 2, Zedong ZHAO1, 2, Pei KUANG1, 2, Xu JIANG3, Yiqing ZHOU3, Jianli DING4, Jie ZHU1, 2, *, authorsList=Min HU, Xin WANG, Zhiqiang FEI, Zedong ZHAO, Pei KUANG, Xu JIANG, Yiqing ZHOU, Jianli DING, Jie ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jie ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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【目的】 从新疆重度盐碱地筛选耐盐碱能力强、植物促生性能好的有益菌株,为新疆盐碱地微生物菌肥、改良菌剂的研发提供优良的菌株资源。 【方法】 通过改良LB培养基筛选耐盐碱能力强的细菌,结合形态学观察、生理生化特性测定与16S rRNA基因序列分析完成菌株分类鉴定,并系统评价其植物促生相关功能特性。进一步通过Illumina NovaSeq X Plus二代测序平台对该菌株进行全基因组测序。 【结果】 从重度盐碱地中分离获得一株芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)菌株,该菌株兼具较强的耐盐碱能力与较全面的促生功能,编号为A015 (CCTCC M20242724)。该菌株最高可耐受NaCl浓度为250 g/L,且能在pH 2.0-12.0的范围内生长。多功能促生试验结果表明,A015具有产1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC)脱氨酶特性,同时具有固氮、解钾、溶解有机磷及无机磷特性,其固氮酶浓度可达(185.36±4.16) ng/L;其溶解有机磷指数为1.35±0.15,卵磷脂的转化量为(3.77±0.07) mg/L;溶解无机磷指数为1.42±0.04,对磷酸钙的转化量高达(24.79±0.59) mg/L;解钾指数为1.30±0.08,对钾长石粉的转化量达到(5.16±0.18) mg/L。小麦种子萌发与促生长试验表明,在0-20 g/L NaCl水琼脂培养基中接种菌株A015,较CK处理,小麦种子胚芽和胚根生长均有明显的促进作用。尤其是在5 g/L氯化钠胁迫下,胚芽长和胚根长均表现出明显的促生长效果,增幅分别达43.86%和20.14%,且在15-20 g/L高盐下仍能有效促进根系生长。菌株A015全基因组序列已上传至NCBI数据库,登录号为JBSPZB000000000,该基因组中与耐盐碱相关的基因共25个,主要涉及mrp、mle和nha基因簇;与促生相关的基因共65个,主要涉及nif、gdh及kef基因簇。 【结论】 本研究从新疆重度盐碱地获得一株耐盐碱能力强且促生功能优良的芽孢杆菌A015。结合基因组分析挖掘了其与耐盐碱、促生相关功能的关键基因,可为新疆盐碱地微生物菌肥的开发利用及菌株抗逆机制的研究提供重要的实践与理论支撑。

, authors=胡敏1, 2, 王鑫1, 2, 费志强1, 2, 赵泽东1, 2, 旷沛1, 2, 江旭3, 周义清3, 丁建莉4, 朱杰1, 2, *, authorsList=胡敏, 王鑫, 费志强, 赵泽东, 旷沛, 江旭, 周义清, 丁建莉, 朱杰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=朱杰, authorNote=

作者贡献声明

胡敏:数据管理,形式分析,调查研究,可视化呈现,初稿写作;王鑫:形式分析,调查研究,验证;费志强、赵泽东、旷沛:验证;江旭、周义清、丁建莉:指导;朱杰:总体构思,获取资助,提供资源,指导,审核与编辑写作。

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Screening of multifunctional plant growth-promoting bacteria and evaluation of their growth-promoting effects on Solanuml ycopersicum[J/OL]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2026. in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316829848262259563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=53, issue=3, pageStart=1377, pageEnd=1392, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=78, authorNames=李诗童, 李点, 包小敏, 冯震宇, 赵曦阳, 由义敏, journalName=微生物学通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李诗童, 李点, 包小敏, 冯震宇, 赵曦阳, 由义敏. 盐碱土壤促生菌株的筛选及其对玉米发芽的影响[J]. 微生物学通报, 2026, 53(3): 1377-1392., articleTitle=盐碱土壤促生菌株的筛选及其对玉米发芽的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316829848320979820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=53, issue=3, pageStart=1377, pageEnd=1392, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=79, authorNames=Li ST, Li D, Bao XM, Feng ZY, Zhao XY, You YM, journalName=Microbiology China, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li ST, Li D, Bao XM, Feng ZY, Zhao XY, You YM. Screening of plant growth-promoting strains from saline-alkali soil and evaluation of their effects on maize germination[J]. Microbiology China, 2026, 53(3): 1377-1392 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316829848379700077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=52, issue=10, pageStart=4558, pageEnd=4576, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=80, authorNames=詹乐, 刘晓珊, 林淑虹, 王雷, 陈烨华, 唐璐瑶, 张忠, journalName=微生物学通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=詹乐, 刘晓珊, 林淑虹, 王雷, 陈烨华, 唐璐瑶, 张忠. 耐盐植物根际促生菌的筛选及对菘蓝促生效应[J]. 微生物学通报, 2025, 52(10): 4558-4576., articleTitle=耐盐植物根际促生菌的筛选及对菘蓝促生效应, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316829848459391854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=52, issue=10, pageStart=4558, pageEnd=4576, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=81, authorNames=Zhan L, Liu XS, Lin SH, Wang L, Chen YH, Tang LY, Zhang Z, journalName=Microbiology China, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhan L, Liu XS, Lin SH, Wang L, Chen YH, Tang LY, Zhang Z. Screening of salt-tolerant rhizobacteria with growth-promoting effect on Isatis indigotica [J]. 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A: Colony characteristics; B: The Gram staining result; C: Scanning electron microscope., figureFileSmall=NTXgPRXU5IeF4Ah15TAxSQ==, figureFileBig=vyxwO6A/L32pyGJuBImjvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829834576245503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=CN, label=图1, caption=菌株A015的形态特征, figureFileSmall=NTXgPRXU5IeF4Ah15TAxSQ==, figureFileBig=vyxwO6A/L32pyGJuBImjvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829834697880320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Growth curve characteristics of A015., figureFileSmall=IDC2Vod70DObFO7JCup3Ew==, figureFileBig=qA+OCXd1+P6ohWqIOlLjqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829834773377793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=CN, label=图2, caption=菌株A015生长曲线特征, figureFileSmall=IDC2Vod70DObFO7JCup3Ew==, figureFileBig=qA+OCXd1+P6ohWqIOlLjqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829834861458178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=NaCl and pH tolerance analysis of strain A015. A: NaCl concentration tolerance; B: pH tolerance., figureFileSmall=HZ+QEqDqaAQv4ow3suWcjA==, figureFileBig=Yd/Eqh69KprfJ4f2RATv7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829834928567043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=CN, label=图3, caption=菌株A015的盐浓度与pH耐受范围, figureFileSmall=HZ+QEqDqaAQv4ow3suWcjA==, figureFileBig=Yd/Eqh69KprfJ4f2RATv7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829835004064516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Gel electrophoresis image and phylogenetic tree of strain A015. A: Gel electrophoresis image of the PCR amplification fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of strain A015; B: 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic tree of strain A015. Nodes show bootstrap values (%) from 1 000 replicates; GenBank accession numbers in parentheses; The scale bar represents 0.01 substitutions per site., figureFileSmall=VVIfFlrZ+RfydignmiScXQ==, figureFileBig=1zIbyuC9ozaAxIvGD80F9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829835071173381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=CN, label=图4, caption=菌株A015凝胶电泳图和系统发育树, figureFileSmall=VVIfFlrZ+RfydignmiScXQ==, figureFileBig=1zIbyuC9ozaAxIvGD80F9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829835142476550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=The plant growth-promoting ability of strain A015. A: Nitrogen fixation ability; B: Plate assay for ACC deaminase activity; C: Organic phosphate solubilizing ability; D: Inorganic phosphate solubilizing ability; E: Potassium solubilizing ability., figureFileSmall=pKui2q3HJjkT6WzYh6l+eA==, figureFileBig=kGIVmra8x8x4mn/UGjGJwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829835217974023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=CN, label=图5, caption=菌株A015促生能力测定, figureFileSmall=pKui2q3HJjkT6WzYh6l+eA==, figureFileBig=kGIVmra8x8x4mn/UGjGJwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829835285082888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Effects of A015 inoculation on wheat seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress. A: Seed germination assay; B: Effects of A015 inoculation on radicle length of wheat seeds; C: Effects of A015 inoculation on plumule length of wheat seeds; D: Wheat seedling growth assay; E: Effects of A015 inoculation on wheat seedling growth. Lowercase letters denote significant differences (P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=+eNWkVTGKtcVA1VtTrfN4g==, figureFileBig=QAFOLU41kdVxJ/mwvjVLrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829835356386057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=CN, label=图6, caption=菌株A015接种对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发与幼苗促生长的影响, figureFileSmall=+eNWkVTGKtcVA1VtTrfN4g==, figureFileBig=QAFOLU41kdVxJ/mwvjVLrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829835423494922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=COG annotation of strain A015 genome., figureFileSmall=XTa3UAu/jZx5zek4SXLCYQ==, figureFileBig=/m1hAwE/AVJ3PUhkQo9QWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829835469632267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=CN, label=图7, caption=菌株A015基因组COG数据库注释分类, figureFileSmall=XTa3UAu/jZx5zek4SXLCYQ==, figureFileBig=/m1hAwE/AVJ3PUhkQo9QWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829835553518348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=KEGG annotation of strain A015 genome., figureFileSmall=7Oi1FapB8kLS52pda7R+OA==, figureFileBig=4/rpoRSRW07LjY+U5ac05Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829835612238605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=CN, label=图8, caption=菌株A015基因组KEGG数据库注释分类, figureFileSmall=7Oi1FapB8kLS52pda7R+OA==, figureFileBig=4/rpoRSRW07LjY+U5ac05Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829835670958862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=GO annotation of strain A015 genome., figureFileSmall=JngQLTaLYujfjz5OGxIPiw==, figureFileBig=CGnbk1lC6xXjyaNIFvx/iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829835771622159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=CN, label=图9, caption=菌株A015基因组GO数据库注释分类, figureFileSmall=JngQLTaLYujfjz5OGxIPiw==, figureFileBig=CGnbk1lC6xXjyaNIFvx/iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829835872285456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic genomic characteristics of strain A015

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CategoryQuantity
Total number of base/bp1 462 529 400
Number of high-quality reads9 745 598
G+C content/%42.0
Total gene sequence length/bp3 112 073
Number of protein-coding genes3 747
CDS3 669
rRNA6
tRNA71
ncRNA1
COG2 484
KEGG1 138
GO911
), ArticleFig(id=1316829835947782929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

菌株A015基因组基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CategoryQuantity
Total number of base/bp1 462 529 400
Number of high-quality reads9 745 598
G+C content/%42.0
Total gene sequence length/bp3 112 073
Number of protein-coding genes3 747
CDS3 669
rRNA6
tRNA71
ncRNA1
COG2 484
KEGG1 138
GO911
), ArticleFig(id=1316829836023280402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Gene annotation of salt-alkaline tolerance for strain A015

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene clusterGene nameGene numberProduct name
proproA2Gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase
proB2Glutamate 5-kinase 1
proC4Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase
proS2Proline-tRNA ligase
betbetB1NAD/NADP-dependent betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
mrpmrpA1Na+/H+ antiporter subunit A
mrpB1Na+/H+ antiporter subunit B
mrpC1Na+/H+ antiporter subunit C
mrpD1Na+/H+ antiporter subunit D
mrpE1Na+/H+ antiporter subunit E
mrpF1Na+/H+ antiporter subunit F
mrpG1Na+/H+ antiporter subunit G
nhanhaK1Sodium, potassium, lithium and rubidium/H+ antiporter
nhaX1Stress response protein NhaX
mlemleN1Malate-2 Na+/H+-lactate antiporter
gbsgbsA1Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
gbsB1Alcohol dehydrogenase
tretreA1Trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase
treR1HTH-type transcriptional regulator TreR
), ArticleFig(id=1316829836107166484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

菌株A015盐碱胁迫响应相关基因注释

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene clusterGene nameGene numberProduct name
proproA2Gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase
proB2Glutamate 5-kinase 1
proC4Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase
proS2Proline-tRNA ligase
betbetB1NAD/NADP-dependent betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
mrpmrpA1Na+/H+ antiporter subunit A
mrpB1Na+/H+ antiporter subunit B
mrpC1Na+/H+ antiporter subunit C
mrpD1Na+/H+ antiporter subunit D
mrpE1Na+/H+ antiporter subunit E
mrpF1Na+/H+ antiporter subunit F
mrpG1Na+/H+ antiporter subunit G
nhanhaK1Sodium, potassium, lithium and rubidium/H+ antiporter
nhaX1Stress response protein NhaX
mlemleN1Malate-2 Na+/H+-lactate antiporter
gbsgbsA1Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
gbsB1Alcohol dehydrogenase
tretreA1Trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase
treR1HTH-type transcriptional regulator TreR
), ArticleFig(id=1316829836186858261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Gene annotation of growth-promoting and stress resistance for strain A015

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FunctionGene clusterGene nameGene numberProduct name
Nitrogen generationnifnifS1Putative cysteine desulfurase NifS nif
glugluP1Rhomboid protease GluP
gltgltA1Glutamate synthase (NADPH) large chain
gltB1Glutamate synthase (NADPH) large chain
gltC3HTH-type transcriptional regulator GltC
gltP2Proton/glutamate-aspartate symporter
gltT2Proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein
gltX1Glutamate-tRNA ligase
glnglnA1Glutamine synthetase
glnH2Glutamine-binding periplasmic protein ABC transporter glutamine-binding protein GlnH
glnK2Sensor histidine kinase GlnK
glnM1Putative glutamine ABC transporter permease protein GlnM
glnP1Putative glutamine ABC transporter permease protein GlnP
glnQ4Glutamine transport ATP-binding protein GlnQ
glnR1HTH-type transcriptional regulator GlnR
nasnasA1Nitrate transporter
nasB1Assimilatory nitrate reductase electron transfer subunit
nasC1Assimilatory nitrate reductase catalytic subunit
nasD1Nitrite reductase [NAD (P) H]
nasE1Assimilatory nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] small subunit
nornorR2Anaerobic nitric oxide reductase transcription regulator NorR
norG1D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacA
Phosphate solubilization and uptakegdhgdh_11Glucose 1-dehydrogenase
gdh_21NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase
gdh_31Glucose 1-dehydrogenase
gdhlV1Glucose 1-dehydrogenase 4
pstpstB2Phosphate import ATP-binding protein PstB
pstC1Phosphate transport system permease protein PstC
pstS1Phosphate-binding protein PstS 1
phophoA1Alkaline phosphatase 4
phoP2Alkaline phosphatase synthesis transcriptional regulatory protein PhoP
phoR1Alkaline phosphatase synthesis sensor protein PhoR
ppappaX2Pyrophosphatase PpaX
ppaC1Manganese-dependent inorganic pyrophosphatase
gntgntP1High-affinity gluconate transporter
gntT2High-affinity gluconate transporter
Potassium solubilization and uptakekefkefB1Glutathione-regulated potassium-efflux system protein KefB
kefF1Glutathione-regulated potassium-efflux system ancillary protein KefF
ktrktrA2Ktr system potassium uptake protein A
ktrB2Ktr system potassium uptake protein B
ACC deaminaseacdacdA1Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
siderophore synthesis and transportententB1Enterobactin synthase component B
furfur1Ferric uptake regulation protein
putputB1Proline dehydrogenase 2
putC11-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase 2
putR2Proline-responsive transcriptional activator PutR
Cellulose degradationcelcelY1Exoglucanase-2
egleglA1Endoglucanase A
Cold tolerancecspcspB1Cold shock protein CspB
cspC1Cold shock protein CspC
cspD1Cold shock protein CspD
Heat tolerancehtpXhtpX_11Protease HtpX
htpX_21Protease HtpX
htpX_31Protease HtpX
Polyamine biosynthesis and metabolismspespeA_11Arginine decarboxylase
speA_21Arginine decarboxylase
speB1Agmatinase
speE1Polyamine aminopropyltransferase
speG1Spermidine N(1)-acetyltransferase
speH1S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme
), ArticleFig(id=1316829836274938646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

菌株A015促生及抗逆相关基因注释

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FunctionGene clusterGene nameGene numberProduct name
Nitrogen generationnifnifS1Putative cysteine desulfurase NifS nif
glugluP1Rhomboid protease GluP
gltgltA1Glutamate synthase (NADPH) large chain
gltB1Glutamate synthase (NADPH) large chain
gltC3HTH-type transcriptional regulator GltC
gltP2Proton/glutamate-aspartate symporter
gltT2Proton/sodium-glutamate symport protein
gltX1Glutamate-tRNA ligase
glnglnA1Glutamine synthetase
glnH2Glutamine-binding periplasmic protein ABC transporter glutamine-binding protein GlnH
glnK2Sensor histidine kinase GlnK
glnM1Putative glutamine ABC transporter permease protein GlnM
glnP1Putative glutamine ABC transporter permease protein GlnP
glnQ4Glutamine transport ATP-binding protein GlnQ
glnR1HTH-type transcriptional regulator GlnR
nasnasA1Nitrate transporter
nasB1Assimilatory nitrate reductase electron transfer subunit
nasC1Assimilatory nitrate reductase catalytic subunit
nasD1Nitrite reductase [NAD (P) H]
nasE1Assimilatory nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] small subunit
nornorR2Anaerobic nitric oxide reductase transcription regulator NorR
norG1D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacA
Phosphate solubilization and uptakegdhgdh_11Glucose 1-dehydrogenase
gdh_21NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase
gdh_31Glucose 1-dehydrogenase
gdhlV1Glucose 1-dehydrogenase 4
pstpstB2Phosphate import ATP-binding protein PstB
pstC1Phosphate transport system permease protein PstC
pstS1Phosphate-binding protein PstS 1
phophoA1Alkaline phosphatase 4
phoP2Alkaline phosphatase synthesis transcriptional regulatory protein PhoP
phoR1Alkaline phosphatase synthesis sensor protein PhoR
ppappaX2Pyrophosphatase PpaX
ppaC1Manganese-dependent inorganic pyrophosphatase
gntgntP1High-affinity gluconate transporter
gntT2High-affinity gluconate transporter
Potassium solubilization and uptakekefkefB1Glutathione-regulated potassium-efflux system protein KefB
kefF1Glutathione-regulated potassium-efflux system ancillary protein KefF
ktrktrA2Ktr system potassium uptake protein A
ktrB2Ktr system potassium uptake protein B
ACC deaminaseacdacdA1Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
siderophore synthesis and transportententB1Enterobactin synthase component B
furfur1Ferric uptake regulation protein
putputB1Proline dehydrogenase 2
putC11-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase 2
putR2Proline-responsive transcriptional activator PutR
Cellulose degradationcelcelY1Exoglucanase-2
egleglA1Endoglucanase A
Cold tolerancecspcspB1Cold shock protein CspB
cspC1Cold shock protein CspC
cspD1Cold shock protein CspD
Heat tolerancehtpXhtpX_11Protease HtpX
htpX_21Protease HtpX
htpX_31Protease HtpX
Polyamine biosynthesis and metabolismspespeA_11Arginine decarboxylase
speA_21Arginine decarboxylase
speB1Agmatinase
speE1Polyamine aminopropyltransferase
speG1Spermidine N(1)-acetyltransferase
speH1S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme
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新疆重度盐碱地漳州芽孢杆菌(Bacillus zhangzhouensis)A015菌株的抗逆促生及相关功能基因挖掘
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胡敏 1, 2 , 王鑫 1, 2 , 费志强 1, 2 , 赵泽东 1, 2 , 旷沛 1, 2 , 江旭 3 , 周义清 3 , 丁建莉 4 , 朱杰 1, 2, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(10): 4937-4955
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微生物学报 |研究报告 2026 , 66 (10) : 4937 -4955
新疆重度盐碱地漳州芽孢杆菌(Bacillus zhangzhouensis)A015菌株的抗逆促生及相关功能基因挖掘
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2.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1316829831749284594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, authorId=1316829831564735214, language=CN, stringName=朱杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1.新疆农业大学 资源与环境学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐
2.新疆农业大学 资源与环境学院,新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1316829827609506484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316829827617895093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, companyId=1316829827609506484, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316829827630478006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, companyId=1316829827609506484, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆农业大学 资源与环境学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐)]), AuthorCompany(id=1316829827693392567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316829827701781176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, companyId=1316829827693392567, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316829827710169785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714684414276420, companyId=1316829827693392567, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.新疆农业大学 资源与环境学院,新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐)])])]
胡敏1, 2, 王鑫1, 2, 费志强1, 2, 赵泽东1, 2, 旷沛1, 2, 江旭3, 周义清3, 丁建莉4, 朱杰1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.新疆农业大学 资源与环境学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐
  • 2.新疆农业大学 资源与环境学院,新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐
  • 3.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,北京
  • 4.北京市农林科学院,植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京
通讯作者:
朱杰
作者简介:

作者贡献声明

胡敏:数据管理,形式分析,调查研究,可视化呈现,初稿写作;王鑫:形式分析,调查研究,验证;费志强、赵泽东、旷沛:验证;江旭、周义清、丁建莉:指导;朱杰:总体构思,获取资助,提供资源,指导,审核与编辑写作。

Stress tolerance, growth promotion and functional gene mining of Bacillus zhangzhouensis A015 from severe saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang
Min HU1, 2, Xin WANG1, 2, Zhiqiang FEI1, 2, Zedong ZHAO1, 2, Pei KUANG1, 2, Xu JIANG3, Yiqing ZHOU3, Jianli DING4, Jie ZHU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
  • 2.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
  • 4.Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
  • Corresponding Author:
出版时间: 2026-10-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20251014
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【目的】 从新疆重度盐碱地筛选耐盐碱能力强、植物促生性能好的有益菌株,为新疆盐碱地微生物菌肥、改良菌剂的研发提供优良的菌株资源。 【方法】 通过改良LB培养基筛选耐盐碱能力强的细菌,结合形态学观察、生理生化特性测定与16S rRNA基因序列分析完成菌株分类鉴定,并系统评价其植物促生相关功能特性。进一步通过Illumina NovaSeq X Plus二代测序平台对该菌株进行全基因组测序。 【结果】 从重度盐碱地中分离获得一株芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)菌株,该菌株兼具较强的耐盐碱能力与较全面的促生功能,编号为A015 (CCTCC M20242724)。该菌株最高可耐受NaCl浓度为250 g/L,且能在pH 2.0-12.0的范围内生长。多功能促生试验结果表明,A015具有产1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC)脱氨酶特性,同时具有固氮、解钾、溶解有机磷及无机磷特性,其固氮酶浓度可达(185.36±4.16) ng/L;其溶解有机磷指数为1.35±0.15,卵磷脂的转化量为(3.77±0.07) mg/L;溶解无机磷指数为1.42±0.04,对磷酸钙的转化量高达(24.79±0.59) mg/L;解钾指数为1.30±0.08,对钾长石粉的转化量达到(5.16±0.18) mg/L。小麦种子萌发与促生长试验表明,在0-20 g/L NaCl水琼脂培养基中接种菌株A015,较CK处理,小麦种子胚芽和胚根生长均有明显的促进作用。尤其是在5 g/L氯化钠胁迫下,胚芽长和胚根长均表现出明显的促生长效果,增幅分别达43.86%和20.14%,且在15-20 g/L高盐下仍能有效促进根系生长。菌株A015全基因组序列已上传至NCBI数据库,登录号为JBSPZB000000000,该基因组中与耐盐碱相关的基因共25个,主要涉及mrp、mle和nha基因簇;与促生相关的基因共65个,主要涉及nif、gdh及kef基因簇。 【结论】 本研究从新疆重度盐碱地获得一株耐盐碱能力强且促生功能优良的芽孢杆菌A015。结合基因组分析挖掘了其与耐盐碱、促生相关功能的关键基因,可为新疆盐碱地微生物菌肥的开发利用及菌株抗逆机制的研究提供重要的实践与理论支撑。

重度盐碱地  /  芽孢杆菌  /  耐盐碱  /  植物促生性能  /  功能基因

[Objective] To obtain the strains with strong saline-alkali tolerance and plant growth-promoting traits from the severe saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, thereby providing excellent strain resources for the development of microbial fertilizers and soil improvement agents. [Methods] Bacteria with strong saline-alkali tolerance were screened using modified LB medium. Subsequently, the strain was taxonomically identified based on morphology, physiological-biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing, and its plant growth-promoting properties were characterized systematically. In addition, the strain was whole-genome sequenced via the Illumina NovaSeq X Plus platform. [Results] A strain with strong saline-alkali tolerance and multiple plant growth-promoting functions was isolated and designated as Bacillus zhangzhouensis A015 (CCTCC M20242724). It could tolerate 250 g/L NaCl and grow within a range of pH 2.0-12.0. Results of multifunctional growth-promoting tests revealed that strain A015 could produce ACC deaminase, and exhibited nitrogen fixation, potassium solubilization, organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus solubilization abilities. The nitrogenase activity of strain A015 was (185.36±4.16) ng/L. Its organic phosphorus solubilization index was 1.35±0.15, with lecithin conversion amount of (3.77±0.07) mg/L. The inorganic phosphorus solubilization index was 1.42±0.04, and the transformation amount of calcium phosphate reached up to (24.79±0.59) mg/L. Besides, the potassium solubilization index was 1.30±0.08, and the transformation capacity of feldspar powder was (5.16±0.18) mg/L. Wheat seed germination and growth promotion assays demonstrated that, compared with the control group (CK), inoculation with strain A015 significantly promoted the growth of wheat plumules and radicles on water agar media with 0-20 g/L NaCl. Specifically, under 5 g/L NaCl stress, remarkable growth promotion effects on plumule and radicle length were observed, with the growth increments of 43.86% and 20.14%, respectively. Notably, this strain could still effectively facilitate root growth under high salt stress of 15-20 g/L NaCl. The whole-genome sequence of A015 was deposited in NCBI, with the accession number JBSPZB000000000. Genome analysis revealed 25 saline-alkali tolerance-related genes, which were mainly involving mrp, mle, and nha gene clusters; meanwhile, 65 plant growth-promoting genes were identified, including nif, gdh, and kef gene clusters. [Conclusion] A strain of Bacillus A015 with strong salt-alkali tolerance and excellent plant growth-promoting ability was obtained from severe saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang. Genomic analysis further revealed genes linked to its salt-alkali tolerance and plant growth promotion capabilities. The findings provide theoretical basis and practical support for the development of saline-alkali soil microbial fertilizers in Xinjiang and the exploration of the strain’s stress tolerance mechanisms.

severe saline-alkali soil  /  Bacillus  /  saline-alkali tolerance  /  plant growth-promoting trait  /  functional genes
胡敏, 王鑫, 费志强, 赵泽东, 旷沛, 江旭, 周义清, 丁建莉, 朱杰. 新疆重度盐碱地漳州芽孢杆菌(Bacillus zhangzhouensis)A015菌株的抗逆促生及相关功能基因挖掘. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (10) : 4937 -4955 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20251014
Min HU, Xin WANG, Zhiqiang FEI, Zedong ZHAO, Pei KUANG, Xu JIANG, Yiqing ZHOU, Jianli DING, Jie ZHU. Stress tolerance, growth promotion and functional gene mining of Bacillus zhangzhouensis A015 from severe saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (10) : 4937 -4955 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20251014
土壤盐碱化日趋加剧,现已成为全球农业可持续发展和威胁生态环境稳定的主要障碍因子。据统计,我国盐碱化土地总面积约为3.6×107 hm2[1],其中新疆盐碱地面积占全国盐碱地总面积的36.80%,是我国盐碱化土地分布面积最广的区域[2]。作为我国西北干旱区优质棉、粮油及特色林果主产区,新疆受特殊地质气候、不合理灌溉耕作影响,土壤次生盐碱化问题持续加剧,已成为制约当地农业可持续发展与生态安全的主要障碍[3]。近年来,新疆盐碱地先后开展了以水利工程改良为主,农艺改良、化学改良、生物改良为辅的综合技术实践,但高频微量滴灌易导致耕层盐分累积,诱发次生盐碱化;化学改良虽适用于片状和点状碱斑、盐壳治理,却存在推广应用面积小,需配套深耕深翻和冲灌的局限[3-4]。相比之下,兼具低污染、高生态效益与长效性的生物改良技术可通过提升土壤微生物活性维持土壤生态系统稳定[5],现已成为盐碱地治理领域的研究热点。生物改良技术核心为种植喜盐植物、接种耐盐碱促生微生物,以此实现盐碱地改良与植物促生[6]。耐盐碱促生微生物可通过联合固氮、溶磷、解钾活化土壤养分、分泌活性物质、强化菌根功能以促进作物增产,同时维持根系离子稳态、增强植株抗盐性,并改良土壤理化性质,实现盐碱地修复[7]。
芽孢杆菌是一类具有重要应用价值的植物促生细菌,其对植物生长与病害防治有极其重要的作用[8]。研究表明,高浓度盐胁迫下植物可招募土壤中特定有益细菌至根际以提升自身耐盐能力,接种耐盐碱促生微生物则能显著提高水稻、玉米、小麦、大豆、菜豆等作物在盐碱环境中的产量,并有效缓解盐胁迫损伤[9-10]。夏玉侨等[11]从苏打盐碱地根际土壤分离出的3株耐盐碱促生细菌,可通过解磷、固氮、产铁载体等促生特性显著提高大豆根尖数、根长、根表面积、根体积。王觉萱等[12]从盐碱地花生植株根际筛选出副地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus paralicheniformis) HS6,其与有机肥配制成微生物肥料能显著促进花生提质增产,在低盐胁迫下还能显著促进花生根际富集耐盐微生物类群;李思铭等[13]从东营市盐碱地田菁根际土壤分离出的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis) M4可有效缓解NaCl胁迫对田菁幼苗生长的抑制效应,显著提升田菁幼苗的耐盐能力。研究发现,相较于接种其他菌属植物促生根际菌(plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR),接种芽孢杆菌属PGPR对棉花叶片叶绿素(叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素)含量、抗氧化酶[过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)]活性及作物产量与品质的提升效应更为显著,其中以产量增幅最为突出,较对照组平均提升44.90%[14]。因此,挖掘盐碱生境下芽孢杆菌属中耐盐碱能力强且兼具多种促生功能的菌株,对改良盐碱地、促进植物生长及提升作物产量等具有重要意义。
本研究从新疆重度盐碱地生境分离获得耐盐碱菌株,对其进行生理生化、耐盐碱与促生功能等特性的研究,并通过全面基因组分析进行相关功能基因的挖掘与探索。本研究以期为新疆重度盐碱地优质菌种资源发掘、盐碱地改良专用微生物菌肥的研发提供支撑,也为利用微生物提升作物抗逆与促生能力、保障区域粮食安全、开展盐碱地综合治理提供理论依据与技术参考。
供试土壤采自新疆阿克苏地区温宿县重度盐碱地(41°16′N, 80°14′E)。在盐碱斑最多的区域,采用五点取样法,采集0-20 cm深度的表层土壤,充分混匀后,冷藏运回实验室用以微生物的分离与筛选。供试土壤pH值为8.04,总盐含量17.79 g/kg。
盐碱耐受性测定参考文献[15],改良LB培养基是在LB培养基中加入0.0、50.0、100.0、150.0、200.0、250.0、300.0 g/L NaCl,pH 7.00-7.20;使用1.0 mmol/L HCl和2.0 mmol/L NaOH调节pH到2.00、4.00、6.00、8.00、10.00、12.00、14.00。
阿须贝(Ashby)培养基、蒙金娜有机磷培养基、无机磷培养基、解钾培养基均参考文献[16]配制。
ADF液体培养基(含ACC)、DF液体培养基(不含氮源),武汉普因特生物工程有限公司;比克曼革兰氏染色液试剂盒,湖南比克曼控股有限责任公司;固氮酶(nitrogenase, NITS)酶联免疫试剂盒,上海科兴商贸有限公司;细菌基因组DNA抽提试剂盒,生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司。
全波长酶标仪,Tecan Austria GmbH公司;Qubit荧光定量仪,Life Technologies公司。
采用无菌操作称取10.0 g土壤置于150 mL锥形瓶中,混匀后静置数分钟,以无菌水梯度稀释上清液至10-4,取适量稀释后菌悬液涂布到LB固体培养基上,28 ℃恒温培养箱中倒置培养3-7 d。筛选单菌落并通过划线法反复纯化,纯化菌株分别进行4 ℃斜面保藏与-20 ℃甘油保藏。
依据《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》[17]对纯化后菌株的单菌落进行形态学特征观察(包括颜色、菌落的形状、透明度等)。参考《常见细菌系统鉴定手册》[18]进行生理生化测定(盐碱耐受能力、生长曲线、接触酶活性等)。菌株革兰氏染色按照比克曼革兰氏染色液试剂盒说明书操作。
将纯化后的A015菌株接种于LB液体培养基中,30 ℃、180 r/min培养至对数生长期(OD600=0.5),4 ℃、6 000 r/min离心3 min收集菌体,参考Zhu等[19]方法对A015菌株16S rRNA基因进行PCR扩增,细菌16S rRNA基因通用引物为27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′)和1492R (5′-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′)。PCR反应体系(25.0 µL):Green Taq Master Mix 12.5 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各0.5 µL,模板DNA 2.0 µL,ddH2O 9.5 µL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃ 5.0 min;94 ℃ 1.0 min,55 ℃ 1.0 min,72 ℃ 1.5 min,共35个循环;72 ℃ 10.0 min。经1.0%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测后将扩增获得的PCR产物送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行测序。将测序获得的基因序列提交至EzBioCloud数据库(https://www.ezbiocloud.net/)进行比对分析。
将纯化的菌株按5%的接种量接种于pH 7.00、NaCl浓度分别为0.0、50.0、100.0、150.0、200.0、250.0、300.0 g/L的改良LB液体培养基,30 ℃、180 r/min培养3 d后测定OD600值。以不接菌的改良LB液体培养基作为空白对照,每个处理3个重复,确定菌株对NaCl的耐受范围[20]。
在耐盐试验结果的基础上,进一步对菌株耐碱能力进行测定。配制NaCl浓度50.0 g/L,pH分别为2.00、4.00、6.00、8.00、10.00、12.00、14.00的LB液体培养基,将菌株以5%的接种量接入上述LB液体培养基。样品经30 ℃、180 r/min培养3 d后,测定其OD600值。每个处理重复3次,确定菌株对酸碱的耐受范围[21]。
采用Ashby无氮培养基对菌株A015进行固氮能力初筛,将菌株接种至该培养基后置于28 ℃恒温培养5-7 d,依据菌株是否能在无氮培养基上正常生长来判定其固氮能力[22],而后使用固氮酶(nitrogenase, NITS)酶联免疫检测试剂盒及全波长酶标仪定量检测菌株A015的固氮酶活性。
将A015菌悬液分别接种于ADF培养基与DF培养基,将接种后的培养基置于28 ℃恒温培养箱中培养5-7 d,培养期间每日观察菌落生长情况,若ADF培养基上的菌落长势持续稳定优于DF培养基上的菌落,则可判定该菌株具备利用ACC作为唯一氮源进行生长的能力[23]。
分别在蒙金娜有机磷与无机磷平板上点接A015菌悬液,经28 ℃恒温培养箱倒置培养5-7 d后,测定溶磷圈直径(D)和菌落直径(d)。根据D/d比值计算解磷指数,评价菌株溶磷能力。同时开展菌株溶磷能力定量检测,将细胞悬浮液调整至OD600=0.5,以5%的接种量转接至50 mL液体蒙金娜有机磷培养基和无机磷培养基,30 ℃、180 r/min培养3 d,25 ℃、10 000 r/min离心15 min,取上清液,采用钼蓝比色法测定上清液中有效磷含量[24]。
在解钾平板上点接A015菌悬液,经28 ℃恒温培养箱倒置培养5-7 d后,测量菌株溶钾圈直径(D)和菌落直径(d)。根据D/d比值判定菌株解钾能力,比值越高则菌株解钾能力越强。解钾能力的定量实验参考吴红艳等[25]的方法,采用火焰分光光度计测定上清液中的钾含量。
配制pH 8.00、NaCl浓度分别为0、5、10、15、20 g/L的0.70%水琼脂培养基。选取大小均一、饱满无破损的小麦种子,用75%乙醇浸泡1 min,5%次氯酸钠浸泡2 min,用无菌水冲洗5-10次。消毒后将挑选的小麦种子均匀地置于水琼脂培养基表面,每皿放置10粒种子,设置接种A015对数生长期菌悬液(OD600=0.5)为处理组,以等量无菌水处理为对照组,每组3个重复,置于28 ℃恒温培养箱暗培养5 d,观察并记录种子的胚芽长和胚根长。同步采集巴楚县中度盐碱地原位土壤(39°44′N, 78°21′E)开展小麦盆栽试验,分别设置接菌与不接菌2个处理。
菌株A015的基因组DNA通过细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒进行提取,采用1%琼脂糖凝胶检验DNA完整性,结合Qubit荧光定量仪测定样品浓度与纯度。各指标达标后,委托生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司开展全基因组测序,测序平台选用Illumina NovaSeq X Plus。下机原始数据借助Fastp软件完成质控分析、数据统计与序列修剪,再通过SPAdes软件完成基因组序列组装,后用GapFiller软件对拼接得到的contig进行补GAP操作,最后使用Pilon软件修正拼接过程中的剪辑错误以及插入缺失。完成基因预测与注释后,通过序列比对将基因蛋白序列与蛋白质直系同源簇数据库(clusters of orthologous groups of proteins, COG)、京都基因和基因组数据库(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)、基因本体数据库(gene ontology, GO)等公共数据库进行比对,获得对应的功能注释信息。菌株A015的GO功能注释信息基于Swissprot、TrEMBL的注释结果整合得到。通过KAAS平台对菌株A015的基因KEGG注释信息进行深度分析,进一步筛选出耐盐碱、固氮、溶磷及解钾等相关的促生功能基因。
采用Microsoft Excel 2024和IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0软件对数据进行统计及方差分析。通过Shapiro-Wilk检验进行数据正态性检验,若所有数据的正态性检验P>0.05,表明数据符合正态分布;先使用Levene’s test方差齐性检验判定数据方差齐性后,再通过独立样本t检验进行组间差异分析,P<0.05代表差异具有统计学意义。
本研究从新疆重度盐碱地筛选得到1株耐盐碱促生细菌,命名为A015。菌株A015目前保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心(保藏编号:CCTCC M20242724),A015在改良LB固体培养基中的菌落颜色呈淡黄色,不透明,菌落边缘近圆形,扁平,表面粗糙褶皱(图1A)。接触酶反应结果为阳性。革兰氏染色结果呈紫色,为革兰氏阳性菌株(图1B),菌体细胞形状为杆状,大小为(0.7-0.8) μm×(2.0-3.0) μm (图1C)。菌株A015的生长曲线如图2所示,在0-48 h培养阶段,A015处于对数生长期,48-120 h细胞主要处于稳定期。菌株A015的耐盐碱能力测定结果表明,其耐NaCl浓度范围为0-250 g/L (图3A),最适生长盐浓度为50 g/L NaCl。该菌株的pH耐受范围为2.0-12.0 (图3B),最适生长pH为8.0。
凝胶电泳图(图4A)表明菌株A015的16S rRNA基因序列长度为1 440 bp,序列上传至NCBI数据库(登录号为PQ289212),经EzBioCloud数据库(https://www.ezbiocloud.net/)同源性对比分析发现菌株A015隶属于芽孢杆菌属,与漳州芽孢杆菌(Bacillus zhangzhouensis) DW5-4T的序列相似度为99.17%。基于MEGA 11.0构建的系统发育树进一步表明,菌株A015与Bacillus zhangzhouensis DW5-4T亲缘关系最近,处于同一分支(图4B)。
通过不同功能培养基对菌株A015进行促生能力定性分析,发现菌株A015在Ashby无氮培养基、ADF培养基、蒙金娜有机磷培养基、无机磷培养基、解钾培养基上均能正常生长(图5)。定性试验表明菌株A015具有固氮能力(图5A),且进一步的定量试验结果表明其固氮酶浓度可达(185.36±4.16) ng/L。菌株A015在ADF培养基上生长情况优于DF培养基(图5B),说明该菌株能够利用ACC作为唯一氮源进行生长。有机磷定性实验结果如图5C所示,菌株A015的解有机磷指数为D/d=1.35±0.15。无机磷定性测定结果如图5D所示,菌株A015解无机磷指数为D/d=1.42±0.04;而该菌株对卵磷脂的转换量能达(3.77±0.07) mg/L,对磷酸钙的转换量达(24.79±0.59) mg/L。解钾定性测试结果如图5E所示,菌株A015的解钾指数为D/d=1.30±0.08,对钾长石粉的转换量为(5.16±0.18) mg/L。
在0-20 g/L NaCl水琼脂培养基中接种菌株A015,较CK处理,小麦种子胚芽和胚根生长均有显著提高(图6A-6C)。尤其是在5.0 g/L氯化钠胁迫下,胚芽长和胚根长均表现出明显的促生长现象,分别显著增加43.86%、20.14%。即使在15-20 g/L的高盐条件下,小麦种子接种菌株A015仍较CK处理呈现出明显的促进根系生长的现象。此外,盐碱地原位土盆栽试验也表明接种菌株A015能显著提升幼苗的生长(图6D、6E)。
利用Illumina NovaSeq X Plus二代测序平台完成全基因组测序,数据如表1所示。A015基因组测序总数据量为1 462 529 400 bp,过滤后获得9 745 598个高质量reads,G+C含量为42.0%,总基因序列长度为3 112 073 bp,共有3 747个蛋白编码基因,包括3 669个编码序列(coding sequence, CDS),6个rRNA、71个tRNA和1个ncRNA。基因组功能分析显示,A015全基因组序列在COG数据库共注释到2 484个基因,在KEGG数据库共注释到1 138个基因,在GO数据库共注释到911个基因。
COG数据库注释结果如图7所示,共注释到2 484个基因,富集在21个分类中,其中有273个功能未知的基因。其中注释到基因数量较多的通路有以下4条:氨基酸转运及代谢(amino acid transport and metabolism)通路的功能基因数量最多,占总数的11.31%;转录(transcription)通路功能基因占9.82%;碳水化合物运输和代谢(carbohydrate transport and metabolism)通路功能基因占7.49%;翻译及核糖体结构与生物合成(translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis)通路功能基因占6.80%。
KEGG数据库注释结果如图8所示,共注释到1 138个基因,富集在30个分类中。其中注释到基因数量较多的代谢通路有以下4条:碳水化合物代谢(carbohydrate metabolism)通路的功能基因数量最多,占总数的18.89%;氨基酸代谢(amino acid metabolism)通路功能基因占17.31%;膜运输(membrane transport)通路功能基因占14.94%;辅助因子及维生素代谢(metabolism of cofactors and vitamins)通路功能基因占12.65%。
GO数据库注释结果如图9所示,共注释到911个基因,富集在33个分类中。其中注释到基因数量较多的代谢通路有以下4条:细胞过程(cellular process)基因数量最多,占总数的65.64%;代谢过程(metabolic process)基因占57.30%;催化活性(catalytic activity)基因占49.29%;分子结合能力(binding)基因占20.31%。
基因组注释发现A015有25个与耐盐碱相关的基因(表2),离子转运相关基因有10个,主要维持细胞内外的渗透压、离子和pH平衡,防止细胞脱水,避免过量Na+引发碱中毒,其中与Mrp复合体亚基相关基因有7个,包括mrpA、mrpB、mrpC、mrpD、mrpE、mrpF、mrpG;与膜运输相关基因有3个,包括mleN、nhaK、nhaX。与相容性溶质合成相关基因有15个,通过合成脯氨酸和甘氨酸甜菜碱核心相容性溶质可有效保护菌株大分子结构稳定,其中与脯氨酸相关基因有10个,主要包括proA、proB、proC、proS等;与甘氨酸甜菜碱相关基因有3个,包括betB、gbsA、gbsB;与海藻糖相关的基因有2个,主要包括treA、treR。
从菌株A015的基因组注释信息中共获取到65条与菌株促生有关的基因信息,具体如表3所示。与固氮相关基因32个(nif、glu、glt、gln、nas、nor),其中nifS是参与固氮的核心编码基因,其他基因主要参与谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺代谢与转运、谷氨酸跨膜转运、硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐的还原与转运等;与溶磷相关基因18个(gdh、pst、pho、ppa、gnt),主要参与谷氨酸脱氢酶及其辅因子合成、磷酸盐代谢与转运和焦磷酸酶分解等。与解钾相关基因6个(kef、ktr),主要参与钾外排和钾吸收;与产ACC脱氨酶相关的基因有1个。此外,还注释到6个铁相关的基因(fhu、fts)与2个降解纤维素相关的基因(celY、eglA),推测其可能具有合成铁载体、降解纤维素的潜在促生特性。基因组注释分析还发现,该菌株含有与应对低温胁迫相关的cspB、cspC、cspD基因;与应对高温胁迫相关的htpX基因;与多胺合成与代谢相关的speA、speB、speE、speG、speH基因,说明其可能具有潜在的广谱抗逆功能。
耐盐碱促生细菌可调控植物生长、缓解生物与非生物胁迫,并通过促进营养吸收来增强植株耐盐碱性,减轻逆境危害[26]。相较于非盐碱环境来源的菌株,盐碱生境中分离的耐盐碱促生细菌提升植物耐盐碱性的效果更为显著[27];且耐盐碱促生细菌的促生作用具有生育期特异性,在植物的各个生育阶段表现出不同的促生长作用,可增强植物的耐盐碱性[28]。芽孢杆菌属因抗逆性强,是盐碱地相关菌剂研发的主要菌种,在已有研究中被报道兼具固氮、溶磷、解钾等功能,可提高土壤养分利用效率,促进植物生长发育[29-31]。本研究从新疆重度盐碱地分离筛选出1株耐盐碱能力强、促生功能全面的芽孢杆菌A015,该菌株可耐受0-250 g/L NaCl,并且pH耐受范围为2.0-12.0,参照Gadda等[32]和庄滢潭等[33]对耐盐碱微生物的分类标准,菌株A015具备极端嗜盐兼性嗜碱微生物的特征。张亚宁等[34]从油莎豆根际筛选出的10株耐盐碱PGPR,其耐NaCl阈值范围仅为40.0-80.0 g/L;卜凡等[35]从小麦根际土中分离出的耐盐碱多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa) TaRb44最高可耐受NaCl浓度为40.0 g/L;王梦秋等[36]从哈密花生根际分离出的耐盐芽孢杆菌(Bacillus halotolerans) ZP-3821仅能在0.0-40.0 g/L的NaCl浓度下生长。相较于已报道的耐盐碱芽孢杆菌,A015的耐盐能力表现突出,该菌株的发掘对盐碱地农田强化微生物-植物互作、协助作物缓解盐碱胁迫、提升作物产量具有重要实践应用价值。
A015基因组中预测存在大量与耐盐碱、促生功能(固氮、溶磷、解钾等)相关的基因。研究表明,将枯草芽孢杆菌的proBA (proB和proA)导入拟南芥可显著增强受体植株的渗透胁迫耐受性[37];mrp和nha基因可通过参与离子转运相关的应激调控,辅助菌株适应盐碱环境[38-39],而bet基因在根瘤菌中也被证实对菌株的耐盐性和共生效能具有关键调控作用[40]。据此推测,本研究中A015基因组中发现的pro、mrp、mle、nha、bet、gbs及tre基因均参与了细胞盐胁迫响应机制。此外,基因组中还预测到25个与抗逆功能相关的基因,主要包括与抗氧化应激相关的基因(gpx、ahpC、katA);与膜运输相关的基因(opuA、opuC、opuD、opuE);与应对低温胁迫相关的基因(cspB、cspC、cspD),与应对高温胁迫相关的基因(htpX)。同时,A015基因组中还发现与多胺合成与代谢相关的基因,包括speA、speB、speE、speG、speH。这些基因的存在可能帮助A015减缓氧自由基对细胞的损伤,缓解温度胁迫,其中speE基因不仅可能提高植物的耐旱性,还可能对生物膜形成起至关重要的调控作用[41]。
对于耐盐碱促生细菌而言,促生功能是其帮助植物适应盐碱生境的核心机制,该菌株可通过促生功能改善根际环境并提供养分,有效缓解盐碱胁迫对植物生长的抑制作用[42-46]。本研究表明菌株A015兼具5种促生功能,其固氮酶浓度为(185.36±4.16) ng/L,且A015能够利用ACC作为唯一氮源进行生长。菌株的解有机磷量为(3.77±0.07) mg/L,溶解无机磷量为(24.79±0.59) mg/L,解钾量为(5.16±0.18) mg/L。这与王蓉等[47]、李诗童等[48]、詹乐等[49]分离出的仅具有固氮、溶磷及解钾等1-4种促生功能的菌株相比,菌株A015的促生功能全面性优于多数已报道的耐盐促生细菌。
本研究从新疆重度盐碱地分离筛选出1株耐盐碱且促生功能优良的芽孢杆菌A015,将为新疆盐碱地改良相关微生物菌肥、改良剂的研发提供重要的菌种资源参考。此外,本研究在基因水平上全面揭示了菌株A015携带的耐盐碱、促生及抗逆功能基因,也将为深入解析该菌株相关功能基因的分子调控机制提供重要的理论依据。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2024A03011-3)
  • 新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室项目(25XJTRZW12)
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2026年第66卷第10期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20251014
  • 接收时间:2025-12-31
  • 首发时间:2026-10-13
  • 出版时间:2026-10-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-31
  • 录用日期:2026-05-25
基金
Major Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024A03011-3)
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2024A03011-3)
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes Project(25XJTRZW12)
新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室项目(25XJTRZW12)
作者信息
    1.新疆农业大学 资源与环境学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐
    2.新疆农业大学 资源与环境学院,新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐
    3.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,北京
    4.北京市农林科学院,植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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