Article(id=1316714631016591897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1316714454184739470, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260125, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1770652800000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1776700800000, acceptedDateStr=2026-04-21, onlineDate=1791858831409, onlineDateStr=2026-10-13, pubDate=1791043200000, pubDateStr=2026-10-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791858831409, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791858831409, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791858831409, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1316714454184739470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='10', pageStart='4661', pageEnd='5310', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1791043200000', pubDateStr='2026-10-04', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791858789249, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791885400527, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1316826070066774161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1316714454184739470, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1316826070066774162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1316714454184739470, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=5149, endPage=5166, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1316714631243084314, articleId=1316714631016591897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Effects of early fructo-oligosaccharide intervention on antioxidant capacity, mRNA transcription of colonic barrier function-related genes, and colonic microbiota in suckling piglets, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objectives] To investigate the effects of early fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) intervention on the antioxidant capacity, colonic barrier function, and colonic microbiota and metabolites in suckling piglets. [Methods] A total of six litters (10 piglets per litter) of Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire newborn piglets were selected. Within-litter grouping was adopted with equal average body weight per group: five piglets from each litter were assigned to the control group (CON), and the other five formed the experimental group (Fos). From the second day after birth, the Fos group received daily oral administration of a FOS solution at an effective dose of 3 g/d per piglet, while the control group received an equal volume of normal saline. The trial lasted for 21 days. [Results] Early FOS intervention reduced the total cholesterol level and increased the concentrations of urea nitrogen, total protein, and albumin in the serum samples of suckling piglets (P<0.05). Early FOS intervention enhanced the total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity (P<0.05), while reducing the malondialdehyde content (P<0.05) in the serum. In addition, it enhanced the catalase activity and decreased the malondialdehyde content in the colonic mucosa (P<0.05). Early FOS intervention decreased the diamine oxidase (DAO) level in the serum (P<0.05), increased the DAO and D-lactic acid levels in the colonic mucosa (P<0.05), and up-regulated the expression of colonic barrier function-related genes (Claudin-1, ZO-1, Occludin, MUC1, MUC2, and MUC4) (P<0.05). Early FOS intervention improved the alpha diversity indexes of colonic bacteria (P<0.05) and induced separation of microbiota in colonic chyme of 14- and 21-day-old piglets (P<0.05). It altered the composition of colonic chyme microbiota at both phylum and genus levels (P<0.05). Furthermore, early FOS intervention increased the concentrations of lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids in the colon of suckling piglets (P<0.05). [Conclusions] Early FOS intervention enhances the antioxidant capacity, upregulates the mRNA levels of colonic barrier function-related genes, modulates the colonic microbiota, and promotes the production of lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids in suckling piglets.

, authors=Yajun GAO, Zhuang HAO, Jing WANG*, Weiyun ZHU, authorsList=Yajun GAO, Zhuang HAO, Jing WANG, Weiyun ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jing WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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【目的】 探究早期低聚果糖(fructo-oligosaccharides, FOS)干预对哺乳仔猪结肠抗氧化能力、结肠屏障功能以及结肠微生物组成及其代谢产物的影响。 【方法】 选取6窝杜洛克×长白×大白新生仔猪,每窝10头。采用窝内分组,确保各组仔猪平均体重接近,将每窝仔猪随机分为对照组(Con)与试验组(Fos),每组5头。自仔猪出生后第2天起,试验组每日灌喂低聚果糖溶液,每头仔猪有效灌喂量为3 g/d,对照组灌喂等量生理盐水,试验期21 d。 【结果】 早期低聚果糖干预显著降低哺乳仔猪血清总胆固醇水平(P<0.05),并显著提高血清尿素氮、总蛋白和白蛋白含量(P<0.05);显著提高血清总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),显著降低血清丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量(P<0.05);显著提高结肠黏膜过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性(P<0.05),显著降低结肠黏膜丙二醛含量(P<0.05);显著降低血清二胺氧化酶(diamine oxidase, DAO)含量(P<0.05),显著提高结肠黏膜DAO和D-乳酸(D-lactic acid, D-LA)含量(P<0.05),显著上调结肠屏障功能相关基因(Claudin-1、ZO-1、Occludin、MUC1、MUC2和MUC4)的mRNA表达水平(P<0.05);显著提高结肠细菌α多样性指数(P<0.05),使14日龄与21日龄仔猪结肠食糜微生物群落显著分离(P<0.05),显著改变结肠食糜微生物在门水平和属水平上的组成(P<0.05),并显著提高结肠乳酸和短链脂肪酸水平(P<0.05)。 【结论】 早期低聚果糖干预可提高哺乳仔猪抗氧化能力,上调结肠屏障功能相关基因的mRNA转录水平,改善结肠菌群组成,增加乳酸和短链脂肪酸含量。

, authors=高亚军, 郝壮, 汪晶*, 朱伟云, authorsList=高亚军, 郝壮, 汪晶, 朱伟云, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=汪晶, authorNote=

作者贡献声明

高亚军:试验设计、数据采集、样品分析和初稿撰写;郝壮:试验设计、数据采集和论文修改;汪晶:实验监督和论文修改;朱伟云:资源提供和论文修改。

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Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 2025, 24: 102356., articleTitle=Dietary short chain fructo-oligosaccharides alleviates diquat-induced redox imbalance by regulating microbial tryptophan metabolism in suckling piglets, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316829974892495493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=102, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=64, authorNames=Liu GM, Sun WX, Zhang RN, Shen F, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen XL, Wang J, journalName=Journal of Animal Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu GM, Sun WX, Zhang RN, Shen F, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen XL, Wang J. Dietary xylo-oligosaccharides alleviates LPS-induced intestinal injury via endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial system pathway in piglets[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2024, 102: skae238., articleTitle=Dietary xylo-oligosaccharides alleviates LPS-induced intestinal injury via endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial system pathway in piglets, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316829974984770182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=null, pageStart=641172, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=65, authorNames=Chen YX, Xie YN, Zhong RQ, Liu L, Lin CG, Xiao L, Chen L, Zhang HF, Beckers Y, Everaert N, journalName=Frontiers in Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen YX, Xie YN, Zhong RQ, Liu L, Lin CG, Xiao L, Chen L, Zhang HF, Beckers Y, Everaert N. Effects of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth and gut microbiota as potential replacements for antibiotic in weaning piglets[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021, 12: 641172., articleTitle=Effects of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth and gut microbiota as potential replacements for antibiotic in weaning piglets, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1316829966080262723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, awardId=2022YFD1300402, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1300402), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1316829966164148804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, awardId=2022YFD1300402, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1300402), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1316829960455701002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316829960464089611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, companyId=1316829960455701002, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316829960472478220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, companyId=1316829960455701002, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京农业大学 动物科技学院,国家动物消化道营养国际联合研究中心,江苏 南京)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1316829962435412523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Effects of FOS on the expression of genes related to colonic barrier function in suckling piglets. A-F: Effect of FOS on the expression of tight junction protein genes (Claudin-1, ZO-1 and Occludin) and mucin genes (MUC1, MUC2 and MUC4) in colonic mucosa. n=6; Different lowercase letters in the same line indicate significant differences in the different groups (P<0.05). In Diet×Age, the symbol×denotes the interaction effect, specifically the two-way interaction between the two factors. The same below., figureFileSmall=VwFdgoJcGNoe96wlp3qW9A==, figureFileBig=4YqU6ir47t9vbrNnU03qQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829962523492908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=CN, label=图1, caption=低聚果糖对哺乳仔猪结肠屏障功能相关基因表达的影响, figureFileSmall=VwFdgoJcGNoe96wlp3qW9A==, figureFileBig=4YqU6ir47t9vbrNnU03qQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829962653516333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Effects of FOS on the expression of Nrf2 pathway related marker genes in the colon of suckling piglets. A-E: Effect of FOS on the expression of Nrf2 pathway related marker genes (Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, SOD1 and GPX4) in colonic mucosa., figureFileSmall=xQBbElLhaKJSmrDDaMJIcQ==, figureFileBig=QB2mUYB14x2qbWRG11rLRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829962724819502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=CN, label=图2, caption=低聚果糖对哺乳仔猪结肠 Nrf2 信号通路相关标志基因表达的影响, figureFileSmall=xQBbElLhaKJSmrDDaMJIcQ==, figureFileBig=QB2mUYB14x2qbWRG11rLRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829962791928367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effects of FOS on colonic microbial diversity in suckling piglets. A: Chao1 index; B: ACE index; C: Simpson index; D: Shannon index; E-G: Beta diversity., figureFileSmall=8ofN7O4b1FWGsGlP9tvCnw==, figureFileBig=ynVgxTHPQMWRNNT2G/nWmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829962880008752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=CN, label=图3, caption=低聚果糖对哺乳仔猪结肠微生物多样性的影响, figureFileSmall=8ofN7O4b1FWGsGlP9tvCnw==, figureFileBig=ynVgxTHPQMWRNNT2G/nWmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829962976477745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effects of FOS on the composition of colonic microbiota in suckling piglets at the phylum level. A-C: The microbial composition at the phylum level among different experimental groups at 7, 14, and 21 days of age; D-G: The effect of FOS on the relative abundance of Bacillota, Bacteroidota, Pseudomonadota, and Actinobacteria in the colonic mucosa of piglets at 7, 14, and 21 days of age., figureFileSmall=Tgn+TJF9/Ca+Kvs7lighvA==, figureFileBig=DcrsZa9N4Hi5F2gRnjCFYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829963072946738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=CN, label=图4, caption=低聚果糖对哺乳仔猪结肠菌群组成在门水平上的影响, figureFileSmall=Tgn+TJF9/Ca+Kvs7lighvA==, figureFileBig=DcrsZa9N4Hi5F2gRnjCFYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829963165221427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Effects of FOS on the composition of colonic microbiota in suckling piglets at the genus level. A-C: The microbial composition at the genus level among different experimental groups at 7, 14, and 21 days of age; D-F: The effect of FOS on the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus and Ligilactobacillus in the colonic mucosa at 7, 14 and 21 days of age., figureFileSmall=LzFOEDFDi7Y1R9ZjfP6Pyw==, figureFileBig=ZQgAHt36WFUiP3rzuyxk+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829963253301812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=CN, label=图5, caption=低聚果糖对哺乳仔猪结肠菌群组成在属水平上的影响, figureFileSmall=LzFOEDFDi7Y1R9ZjfP6Pyw==, figureFileBig=ZQgAHt36WFUiP3rzuyxk+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829964889080373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Correlation analysis between differential microorganisms and metabolites. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01. Values without an asterisk indicate no significant correlation (n=6)., figureFileSmall=RBaB0cnZfk11yqvzDA07yQ==, figureFileBig=lGs3yfr2lKl73hRxEFG9Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829964977160758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=CN, label=图6, caption=差异微生物与代谢物之间的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=RBaB0cnZfk11yqvzDA07yQ==, figureFileBig=lGs3yfr2lKl73hRxEFG9Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829965065241143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers used for quantitative real-time PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequences (5′→3′)GenBank accession number
β-actinF: CTGGAACGGTGAAGGTGANM_001444420.1
R: TTTGGAAAGGCAGGGACT
ZO-1F: GAGGATGGTCACACCGTGGTNM_001444400.1
R: GGAGGATGCTGTTGTCTCGG
Claudin-1F: GCCCTACTTTGCTGCTCCTGNM_001244539.1
R: TTTCTGGTTGTTCCCACACG
OccludinF: ATGCTTTCTCAGCCAGCGTAXM_005672522.3
R: AAGGTTCCATAGCCTCGGTC
MUC1F: GTGCCGCTGCCCACAACCTGXM_021089728.1
R: AGCCGGGTACCCCAGACCCA
MUC2F: CTGCTCCGGGTCCTGTGGGAXM_021082584.1
R: CCCGCTGGCTGGTGCGATAC
MUC4F: GATGCCCTGGCCACAGAAXM_021068273.1
R: TGATTCAAGGTAGCATTCATTTGC
Nrf2F: GGGACGGTGACACAGGAACAACXM_021075133.1
R: TCCACAGCGGGAAATCAGAAAGATC
NQO1F: GATCATACTGGCCCACTCCGNM_001159613.1
R: GAGCAGTCTCGGCAGGATAC
HO-1F: CAAGCAGAAAATCCTCGAAGNM_001004027.1
R: GCTGAGTGTCAGGACCCATC
SOD1F: GGTCATCCACTTCCAGCAGCAGNM_001190422.1
R: AAGCCATGATCTCCATCAGACAAGC
GPX4F: GCTGTGGAAGTGGCTGAAGGAGXM_001928493.6
R: TTGGCCCTCACGGTTGATAAGAAAC
), ArticleFig(id=1316829965144932920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实时荧光定量PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequences (5′→3′)GenBank accession number
β-actinF: CTGGAACGGTGAAGGTGANM_001444420.1
R: TTTGGAAAGGCAGGGACT
ZO-1F: GAGGATGGTCACACCGTGGTNM_001444400.1
R: GGAGGATGCTGTTGTCTCGG
Claudin-1F: GCCCTACTTTGCTGCTCCTGNM_001244539.1
R: TTTCTGGTTGTTCCCACACG
OccludinF: ATGCTTTCTCAGCCAGCGTAXM_005672522.3
R: AAGGTTCCATAGCCTCGGTC
MUC1F: GTGCCGCTGCCCACAACCTGXM_021089728.1
R: AGCCGGGTACCCCAGACCCA
MUC2F: CTGCTCCGGGTCCTGTGGGAXM_021082584.1
R: CCCGCTGGCTGGTGCGATAC
MUC4F: GATGCCCTGGCCACAGAAXM_021068273.1
R: TGATTCAAGGTAGCATTCATTTGC
Nrf2F: GGGACGGTGACACAGGAACAACXM_021075133.1
R: TCCACAGCGGGAAATCAGAAAGATC
NQO1F: GATCATACTGGCCCACTCCGNM_001159613.1
R: GAGCAGTCTCGGCAGGATAC
HO-1F: CAAGCAGAAAATCCTCGAAGNM_001004027.1
R: GCTGAGTGTCAGGACCCATC
SOD1F: GGTCATCCACTTCCAGCAGCAGNM_001190422.1
R: AAGCCATGATCTCCATCAGACAAGC
GPX4F: GCTGTGGAAGTGGCTGAAGGAGXM_001928493.6
R: TTGGCCCTCACGGTTGATAAGAAAC
), ArticleFig(id=1316829965207847481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of FOS on serum biochemical parameters of suckling piglets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsConFosP-value
Day 7
Glucose/(mmol/L)6.02±0.255.51±0.310.042
Blood urea nitrogen/(mmol/L)1.90±0.743.87±0.270.002
Triglyceride/(mmol/L)0.96±0.611.29±0.250.359
Total cholesterol/(mmol/L)4.03±0.173.10±0.390.005
Total protein/(g/L)51.10±3.5454.67±1.020.101
Albumin/(g/L)24.15±3.5232.87±3.310.011
Total bile acids/(μmol/L)25.17±9.5410.65±2.940.027
Day 14
Glucose/(mmol/L)7.35±0.246.94±1.460.598
Blood urea nitrogen/(mmol/L)2.75±0.294.52±0.690.003
Triglyceride/(mmol/L)0.91±0.411.13±0.150.337
Total cholesterol/(mmol/L)5.05±0.344.38±0.090.009
Total protein/(g/L)48.70±1.7357.70±2.120.001
Albumin/(g/L)34.90±3.4742.00±3.070.022
Total bile acids/(μmol/L)16.45±3.5915.20±3.130.619
Day 21
Glucose/(mmol/L)5.79±0.295.60±0.320.409
Blood urea nitrogen/(mmol/L)2.35±0.173.12±0.180.001
Triglyceride/(mmol/L)0.75±0.180.61±0.070.196
Total cholesterol/(mmol/L)5.02±0.094.31±0.350.007
Total protein/(g/L)48.97±1.5253.87±2.320.012
Albumin/(g/L)32.85±0.7236.35±2.080.019
Total bile acids/(μmol/L)20.55±5.9418.72±7.310.712
), ArticleFig(id=1316829965295927866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

低聚果糖对哺乳仔猪血清生化指标的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsConFosP-value
Day 7
Glucose/(mmol/L)6.02±0.255.51±0.310.042
Blood urea nitrogen/(mmol/L)1.90±0.743.87±0.270.002
Triglyceride/(mmol/L)0.96±0.611.29±0.250.359
Total cholesterol/(mmol/L)4.03±0.173.10±0.390.005
Total protein/(g/L)51.10±3.5454.67±1.020.101
Albumin/(g/L)24.15±3.5232.87±3.310.011
Total bile acids/(μmol/L)25.17±9.5410.65±2.940.027
Day 14
Glucose/(mmol/L)7.35±0.246.94±1.460.598
Blood urea nitrogen/(mmol/L)2.75±0.294.52±0.690.003
Triglyceride/(mmol/L)0.91±0.411.13±0.150.337
Total cholesterol/(mmol/L)5.05±0.344.38±0.090.009
Total protein/(g/L)48.70±1.7357.70±2.120.001
Albumin/(g/L)34.90±3.4742.00±3.070.022
Total bile acids/(μmol/L)16.45±3.5915.20±3.130.619
Day 21
Glucose/(mmol/L)5.79±0.295.60±0.320.409
Blood urea nitrogen/(mmol/L)2.35±0.173.12±0.180.001
Triglyceride/(mmol/L)0.75±0.180.61±0.070.196
Total cholesterol/(mmol/L)5.02±0.094.31±0.350.007
Total protein/(g/L)48.97±1.5253.87±2.320.012
Albumin/(g/L)32.85±0.7236.35±2.080.019
Total bile acids/(μmol/L)20.55±5.9418.72±7.310.712
), ArticleFig(id=1316829965363036731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of FOS on antioxidant enzyme activities in serum of suckling piglets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsConFosP-value
Day 7
CAT activity/(U/mL)47.13±2.3548.14±3.710.587
T-AOC/(U/mL)0.96±0.835.42±0.49<0.001
T-SOD activity/(U/mL)11.83±0.5912.50±0.670.097
GSH-Px activity/(U/mL)337.59±56.77458.09±34.950.001
MDA content/(nmol/mL)7.40±0.673.74±0.45<0.001
Day 14
CAT activity/(U/mL)51.80±12.2657.41±8.700.382
T-AOC/(U/mL)4.02±0.595.09±0.560.009
T-SOD activity/(U/mL)12.72±0.5413.14±0.970.382
GSH-Px activity/(U/mL)383.53±43.47485.61±96.550.040
MDA content/(nmol/mL)6.72±1.462.17±0.76<0.001
Day 21
CAT activity/(U/mL)40.61±10.9155.31±6.400.170
T-AOC/(U/mL)3.77±0.743.76±1.120.997
T-SOD activity/(U/mL)13.70±0.8313.91±0.580.622
GSH-Px activity/(U/mL)346.37±37.71448.03±28.56<0.001
MDA content/(nmol/mL)16.62±0.3110.16±2.28<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1316829965438534204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

低聚果糖对哺乳仔猪血清抗氧化酶活性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsConFosP-value
Day 7
CAT activity/(U/mL)47.13±2.3548.14±3.710.587
T-AOC/(U/mL)0.96±0.835.42±0.49<0.001
T-SOD activity/(U/mL)11.83±0.5912.50±0.670.097
GSH-Px activity/(U/mL)337.59±56.77458.09±34.950.001
MDA content/(nmol/mL)7.40±0.673.74±0.45<0.001
Day 14
CAT activity/(U/mL)51.80±12.2657.41±8.700.382
T-AOC/(U/mL)4.02±0.595.09±0.560.009
T-SOD activity/(U/mL)12.72±0.5413.14±0.970.382
GSH-Px activity/(U/mL)383.53±43.47485.61±96.550.040
MDA content/(nmol/mL)6.72±1.462.17±0.76<0.001
Day 21
CAT activity/(U/mL)40.61±10.9155.31±6.400.170
T-AOC/(U/mL)3.77±0.743.76±1.120.997
T-SOD activity/(U/mL)13.70±0.8313.91±0.580.622
GSH-Px activity/(U/mL)346.37±37.71448.03±28.56<0.001
MDA content/(nmol/mL)16.62±0.3110.16±2.28<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1316829965530808893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of FOS on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in colonic mucosa of suckling piglets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsConFosP-value
Day 7
CAT activity/(U/mL)23.58±3.9928.78±3.290.034
T-AOC/(U/mL)1.22±0.061.25±0.220.763
T-SOD activity/(U/mL)2.09±0.112.00±0.160.300
GSH-Px activity/(U/mL)17.27±0.9216.98±0.860.580
MDA content/(nmol/mL)0.38±0.010.33±0.030.017
Day 14
CAT activity/(U/mL)18.78±3.9224.05±0.640.009
T-AOC/(U/mL)0.82±0.361.26±0.120.018
T-SOD activity/(U/mL)1.90±0.191.67±0.270.128
GSH-Px activity/(U/mL)33.54±1.6040.36±1.66<0.001
MDA content/(nmol/mL)0.54±0.060.22±0.09<0.001
Day 21
CAT activity/(U/mL)25.02±5.3233.68±5.190.017
T-AOC/(U/mL)0.75±0.301.54±0.320.001
T-SOD activity/(U/mL)2.36±0.152.24±0.180.260
GSH-Px activity/(U/mL)34.02±1.1945.99±2.19<0.001
MDA content/(nmol/mL)0.57±0.230.32±0.080.028
), ArticleFig(id=1316829965614694974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

低聚果糖对哺乳仔猪结肠黏膜抗氧化酶活性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsConFosP-value
Day 7
CAT activity/(U/mL)23.58±3.9928.78±3.290.034
T-AOC/(U/mL)1.22±0.061.25±0.220.763
T-SOD activity/(U/mL)2.09±0.112.00±0.160.300
GSH-Px activity/(U/mL)17.27±0.9216.98±0.860.580
MDA content/(nmol/mL)0.38±0.010.33±0.030.017
Day 14
CAT activity/(U/mL)18.78±3.9224.05±0.640.009
T-AOC/(U/mL)0.82±0.361.26±0.120.018
T-SOD activity/(U/mL)1.90±0.191.67±0.270.128
GSH-Px activity/(U/mL)33.54±1.6040.36±1.66<0.001
MDA content/(nmol/mL)0.54±0.060.22±0.09<0.001
Day 21
CAT activity/(U/mL)25.02±5.3233.68±5.190.017
T-AOC/(U/mL)0.75±0.301.54±0.320.001
T-SOD activity/(U/mL)2.36±0.152.24±0.180.260
GSH-Px activity/(U/mL)34.02±1.1945.99±2.19<0.001
MDA content/(nmol/mL)0.57±0.230.32±0.080.028
), ArticleFig(id=1316829965685998143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of FOS on DAO and D-LA in suckling piglets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsDay 7Day 14Day 21SEMP-value
ConFosConFosConFosDietAgeDiet×Age
Serum
DAO/(pg/mL)427.34a372.02b363.62bc319.74d348.75bc336.11cd10.7720.001<0.0010.165
D-LA/(μmoL/mL)2.452.422.261.902.181.730.2310.1620.1360.640
Colonic mucosa
DAO/(pg/mg protein)447.44cd668.02a399.79d461.20c544.03b618.86a16.420<0.001<0.0010.001
D-LA/(μmoL/mg protein)0.21b0.32a0.25b0.33a0.29a0.33a0.013<0.0010.0100.074
), ArticleFig(id=1316829965761495616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

低聚果糖对哺乳仔猪DAO和D-LA的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsDay 7Day 14Day 21SEMP-value
ConFosConFosConFosDietAgeDiet×Age
Serum
DAO/(pg/mL)427.34a372.02b363.62bc319.74d348.75bc336.11cd10.7720.001<0.0010.165
D-LA/(μmoL/mL)2.452.422.261.902.181.730.2310.1620.1360.640
Colonic mucosa
DAO/(pg/mg protein)447.44cd668.02a399.79d461.20c544.03b618.86a16.420<0.001<0.0010.001
D-LA/(μmoL/mg protein)0.21b0.32a0.25b0.33a0.29a0.33a0.013<0.0010.0100.074
), ArticleFig(id=1316829965832798785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Effects of FOS on colonic lactate and short-chain fatty acid levels in suckling piglets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsDay 7Day 14Day 21SEMP-value
ConFosConFosConFosDietAgeDiet×Age
Lactic acid/(mmol/L)1.19c1.44bc1.76ab2.1ab1.77ab2.53a0.340.1080.0170.025
Acetate/(μmol/g digesta)20.45c34.39a24.08bc28.34b37.29a38.35a2.050.0560.002<0.001
Propionate/(μmol/g digesta)10.83ab8.94b7.08c10.56ab12.23a11.47a0.590.7750.0140.001
Isobutyrate/(μmol/g digesta)1.32c1.72bc1.77bc2.60b2.82b4.75a0.340.0770.001<0.001
Butyrate/(μmol/g digesta)2.04b6.62a2.28b2.48b5.43a7.14a0.800.0620.0140.001
Isovalerate/(μmol/g digesta)1.732.731.283.292.722.040.420.0770.9660.053
Valerate/(μmol/g digesta)0.99b2.78a1.25b2.48a3.63a2.80a0.520.1630.0380.002
Total SCFAs/(μmol/g digesta)40.7157.1937.7449.7764.1466.566.920.1540.0240.056
), ArticleFig(id=1316829965920879170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714631016591897, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

低聚果糖对哺乳仔猪结肠乳酸和短链脂肪酸水平的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsDay 7Day 14Day 21SEMP-value
ConFosConFosConFosDietAgeDiet×Age
Lactic acid/(mmol/L)1.19c1.44bc1.76ab2.1ab1.77ab2.53a0.340.1080.0170.025
Acetate/(μmol/g digesta)20.45c34.39a24.08bc28.34b37.29a38.35a2.050.0560.002<0.001
Propionate/(μmol/g digesta)10.83ab8.94b7.08c10.56ab12.23a11.47a0.590.7750.0140.001
Isobutyrate/(μmol/g digesta)1.32c1.72bc1.77bc2.60b2.82b4.75a0.340.0770.001<0.001
Butyrate/(μmol/g digesta)2.04b6.62a2.28b2.48b5.43a7.14a0.800.0620.0140.001
Isovalerate/(μmol/g digesta)1.732.731.283.292.722.040.420.0770.9660.053
Valerate/(μmol/g digesta)0.99b2.78a1.25b2.48a3.63a2.80a0.520.1630.0380.002
Total SCFAs/(μmol/g digesta)40.7157.1937.7449.7764.1466.566.920.1540.0240.056
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早期低聚果糖干预对哺乳仔猪抗氧化能力、结肠屏障功能相关基因mRNA转录及结肠微生物的影响
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高亚军 , 郝壮 , 汪晶 * , 朱伟云
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(10): 5149-5166
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微生物学报 |研究报告 2026 , 66 (10) : 5149 -5166
早期低聚果糖干预对哺乳仔猪抗氧化能力、结肠屏障功能相关基因mRNA转录及结肠微生物的影响
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高亚军, 郝壮, 汪晶* , 朱伟云
作者信息
  • 南京农业大学 动物科技学院,国家动物消化道营养国际联合研究中心,江苏 南京
通讯作者:
汪晶
作者简介:

作者贡献声明

高亚军:试验设计、数据采集、样品分析和初稿撰写;郝壮:试验设计、数据采集和论文修改;汪晶:实验监督和论文修改;朱伟云:资源提供和论文修改。

Effects of early fructo-oligosaccharide intervention on antioxidant capacity, mRNA transcription of colonic barrier function-related genes, and colonic microbiota in suckling piglets
Yajun GAO, Zhuang HAO, Jing WANG* , Weiyun ZHU
Affiliations
  • National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
  • Corresponding Author:
出版时间: 2026-10-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260125
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【目的】 探究早期低聚果糖(fructo-oligosaccharides, FOS)干预对哺乳仔猪结肠抗氧化能力、结肠屏障功能以及结肠微生物组成及其代谢产物的影响。 【方法】 选取6窝杜洛克×长白×大白新生仔猪,每窝10头。采用窝内分组,确保各组仔猪平均体重接近,将每窝仔猪随机分为对照组(Con)与试验组(Fos),每组5头。自仔猪出生后第2天起,试验组每日灌喂低聚果糖溶液,每头仔猪有效灌喂量为3 g/d,对照组灌喂等量生理盐水,试验期21 d。 【结果】 早期低聚果糖干预显著降低哺乳仔猪血清总胆固醇水平(P<0.05),并显著提高血清尿素氮、总蛋白和白蛋白含量(P<0.05);显著提高血清总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),显著降低血清丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量(P<0.05);显著提高结肠黏膜过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性(P<0.05),显著降低结肠黏膜丙二醛含量(P<0.05);显著降低血清二胺氧化酶(diamine oxidase, DAO)含量(P<0.05),显著提高结肠黏膜DAO和D-乳酸(D-lactic acid, D-LA)含量(P<0.05),显著上调结肠屏障功能相关基因(Claudin-1、ZO-1、Occludin、MUC1、MUC2和MUC4)的mRNA表达水平(P<0.05);显著提高结肠细菌α多样性指数(P<0.05),使14日龄与21日龄仔猪结肠食糜微生物群落显著分离(P<0.05),显著改变结肠食糜微生物在门水平和属水平上的组成(P<0.05),并显著提高结肠乳酸和短链脂肪酸水平(P<0.05)。 【结论】 早期低聚果糖干预可提高哺乳仔猪抗氧化能力,上调结肠屏障功能相关基因的mRNA转录水平,改善结肠菌群组成,增加乳酸和短链脂肪酸含量。

低聚果糖  /  哺乳仔猪  /  结肠  /  抗氧化能力  /  屏障功能

[Objectives] To investigate the effects of early fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) intervention on the antioxidant capacity, colonic barrier function, and colonic microbiota and metabolites in suckling piglets. [Methods] A total of six litters (10 piglets per litter) of Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire newborn piglets were selected. Within-litter grouping was adopted with equal average body weight per group: five piglets from each litter were assigned to the control group (CON), and the other five formed the experimental group (Fos). From the second day after birth, the Fos group received daily oral administration of a FOS solution at an effective dose of 3 g/d per piglet, while the control group received an equal volume of normal saline. The trial lasted for 21 days. [Results] Early FOS intervention reduced the total cholesterol level and increased the concentrations of urea nitrogen, total protein, and albumin in the serum samples of suckling piglets (P<0.05). Early FOS intervention enhanced the total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity (P<0.05), while reducing the malondialdehyde content (P<0.05) in the serum. In addition, it enhanced the catalase activity and decreased the malondialdehyde content in the colonic mucosa (P<0.05). Early FOS intervention decreased the diamine oxidase (DAO) level in the serum (P<0.05), increased the DAO and D-lactic acid levels in the colonic mucosa (P<0.05), and up-regulated the expression of colonic barrier function-related genes (Claudin-1, ZO-1, Occludin, MUC1, MUC2, and MUC4) (P<0.05). Early FOS intervention improved the alpha diversity indexes of colonic bacteria (P<0.05) and induced separation of microbiota in colonic chyme of 14- and 21-day-old piglets (P<0.05). It altered the composition of colonic chyme microbiota at both phylum and genus levels (P<0.05). Furthermore, early FOS intervention increased the concentrations of lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids in the colon of suckling piglets (P<0.05). [Conclusions] Early FOS intervention enhances the antioxidant capacity, upregulates the mRNA levels of colonic barrier function-related genes, modulates the colonic microbiota, and promotes the production of lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids in suckling piglets.

fructo-oligosaccharide  /  suckling piglet  /  colon  /  antioxidant capacity  /  barrier function
高亚军, 郝壮, 汪晶, 朱伟云. 早期低聚果糖干预对哺乳仔猪抗氧化能力、结肠屏障功能相关基因mRNA转录及结肠微生物的影响. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (10) : 5149 -5166 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260125
Yajun GAO, Zhuang HAO, Jing WANG, Weiyun ZHU. Effects of early fructo-oligosaccharide intervention on antioxidant capacity, mRNA transcription of colonic barrier function-related genes, and colonic microbiota in suckling piglets[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (10) : 5149 -5166 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260125
哺乳期是仔猪肠道发育和功能成熟的关键阶段[1]。结肠作为肠道的重要组成部分,不仅是水分吸收的主要场所,还在维持肠道免疫屏障功能、调节免疫反应和保护机体免受有害物质侵害等方面发挥着至关重要的作用[2]。研究表明,哺乳仔猪肠道菌群、免疫系统和屏障功能的发育尚未完善,易受外界环境因素影响,导致肠道功能紊乱[3]。此外,哺乳仔猪肠道抗氧化防御系统的活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)清除能力有限,易遭受氧化应激损伤[4]。因此,探索安全有效的营养干预手段以改善哺乳期仔猪肠道健康已成为动物营养学领域的重要研究方向。
近年来,仔猪早期营养干预已得到广泛关注。低聚果糖(fructo-oligosaccharides, FOS)是由1个葡萄糖单元为末端核心,通过β-(2→1)糖苷键依次连接2-8个果糖单元形成的线性短链糖类[5]。FOS的化学结构决定了其不能被哺乳动物小肠消化酶直接降解[6],但可被肠道微生物代谢利用,进而产生乙酸、丙酸和丁酸等短链脂肪酸(short‑chain fatty acids, SCFAs)[7-9]。此外,SCFAs已被证实可影响肠道功能,如增强肠道屏障功能和促进黏膜免疫系统发育[10-11]。研究发现,饲粮中添加FOS可减轻肠产毒素性大肠杆菌(enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, ETEC)对断奶仔猪肠道黏膜的损伤,提高肠道抗氧化能力,改善肠道屏障功能[12]。另有研究表明,对哺乳仔猪出生后12 d内每日口服FOS进行干预,可于第14天观察到小肠微生物群组成发生显著变化,第25天观察到小肠微生物菌群多样性显著改变[13]。
除此之外,其他低聚糖如低聚木糖(xylo-oligosaccharides, XOS)在哺乳仔猪中的应用也受到广泛关注[14]。据报道,XOS可定向增殖有益菌群、优化肠道微生态结构,从而间接增强肠道屏障功能[15-16]。然而,目前关于XOS对肠道紧密连接蛋白及肠道屏障功能的调节作用尚不明确,其益生稳定性及作用靶点仍需进一步探究。相比之下,FOS作为目前研究最为广泛的天然功能性低聚糖之一,已被大量研究证实具有良好的益生特性[17-18],不仅具备与XOS相当的益生潜力,更在改善肠道形态、促进有益菌定殖及调控肠道功能等方面展现出独特优势,为深入解析肠道屏障调控机制提供了更为理想的研究模型。基于此,本研究以哺乳仔猪为试验对象,通过早期补充FOS探究其对血清生化指标、抗氧化能力、结肠紧密连接蛋白表达、结肠微生物组成及其代谢产物的影响,重点阐明早期FOS干预对仔猪结肠健康的调控效果,以期为完善仔猪早期营养调控方案、优化营养供给策略提供理论依据。
本研究所用的杜洛克×长白×大白哺乳仔猪由河南省漯河爱猪人农牧发展有限公司提供,试验所用低聚果糖由广东量子高科生物科技有限公司提供,商品名为欧力多®,以蔗糖为原料,经黑曲霉β‑果糖基转移酶催化合成。产品总低聚果糖纯度≥95% (干基计),其中蔗果三糖(GF2, DP=3)占35%-45%,蔗果四糖(GF3, DP=4)占40%-50%,蔗果五糖(GF4, DP=5)占5%-15%,聚合度≥6的组分≤5%。
本试验选取6窝杜洛克×长白×大白新生仔猪,每窝10头。采用窝内分组,确保各组仔猪平均体重接近,将每窝仔猪随机分为对照组(Con)和试验组(Fos),每组5头。自出生后第2天起,试验组仔猪每日灌喂低聚果糖溶液,每头有效灌喂量为3 g/d,对照组仔猪灌喂等量生理盐水,灌喂持续至第21天,所有仔猪于当日断奶。分别于第7、14和21天,从每窝仔猪的对照组和试验组中各随机选取1头实施安乐死并解剖,采集结肠食糜、结肠黏膜及结肠组织样本,迅速置于液氮中冷冻保存,备用。本研究所有动物实验均获得南京农业大学实验动物伦理委员会批准,编号为NJAU.No20251027228。
屠宰当日,晨饲前1 h颈静脉采血约10 mL,置于无抗凝剂真空采血管中,室温静置待血液自然凝固后,于4 ℃、1 160×g离心15 min,分离上层液体制备血清,利用干冰保存并迅速寄送至南京农业大学动物医院。采用自动生化分析仪测定血清总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖、尿素氮、总胆固醇、甘油三酯及总胆汁酸含量。
精确称取0.1 g结肠黏膜样品,按质量与体积比1:9加入生理盐水,充分匀浆后于4 ℃、1 520×g离心10 min,取上清液置于无菌离心管中保存备用。血清及结肠黏膜中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase, T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性,以及总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量均严格按照南京建成生物工程研究所有限公司相应试剂盒说明书进行测定。
精确称取0.1 g结肠黏膜样品,加入900 μL生理盐水,充分研磨制备组织匀浆,于4 ℃、600×g离心10 min,取上清液备用。将保存于-20 ℃冰箱中的血清样本取出,待完全解冻后,采用ELISA试剂盒测定血清和黏膜二胺氧化酶(diamine oxidase, DAO)浓度,同时采用比色法测定D-乳酸(D-lactic acid, D-LA)浓度,所有步骤均严格遵循南京建成生物工程研究所有限公司试剂盒说明书执行。
采用实时荧光定量逆转录PCR (real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR, RT-qPCR)测定紧密连接蛋白相关基因(ZO-1、Claudin-1和Occludin)、黏蛋白相关基因(MUC1、MUC2和MUC4)及Nrf2信号通路相关基因(Nrf2、NQO1、HO-1、SOD1和GPX4)的相对mRNA表达水平,以β-肌动蛋白基因(β-actin)为内参基因。试验流程如下:首先采用TRIzol试剂(江苏康维世纪生物科技公司)提取结肠黏膜组织总RNA,利用微量分光光度计(ThermoFisher Scientific公司)检测RNA浓度及纯度;取1 μg总RNA进行反转录反应合成cDNA,置于-80 ℃保存备用。RT-qPCR反应采用SYBR Green Pro Taq HS预混型qPCR试剂盒(湖南艾科瑞生物工程有限公司)完成。全部引物由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司设计合成(表1)。反应体系(20 µL):2×ChamQ SYBR qPCR Master Mix 10 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各0.4 µL,50×ROX Reference Dye 1 0.4 µL,cDNA 2 µL,ddH2O 6.8 µL。采用两步法扩增:95 ℃预变性30 s;95 ℃变性10 s,60 ℃退火30 s,共40个循环。扩增结束后进行熔解曲线分析,条件为:95 ℃ 15 s,60 ℃ 60 s,95 ℃ 15 s。基因相对表达量采用2-ΔΔCt法计算。以β-actin为内参基因进行标准化,ΔCt=Ct (目标基因)-Ct (β-actin)。本研究以第7天对照组为统一参照,ΔΔCt=ΔCt (处理组)-ΔCt (第7天对照组),据此计算目标基因mRNA相对表达量。
将液氮冻存的结肠食糜样本取出,于4 ℃缓慢解冻,准确称取约0.5 g结肠内容物样品,采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB)法提取微生物基因组总DNA,提取完成后利用ThermoFisher Scientific公司微量分光光度计检测DNA浓度及纯度。合格DNA样本置于-80 ℃长期保存,用于后续测序分析。采用引物319F (5′- ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3′)和806R (5′- GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′)对细菌16S rRNA基因V3-V4区进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系(50 μL):5×Q5高保真反应缓冲液10 μL,5×Q5高GC含量增强剂10 μL,dNTP混合液(2.5 mmol/L) 1.5 μL,正、反向引物(10 μmol/L)各1.5 μL,Q5高保真DNA聚合酶(2 U/μL) 0.2 μL,模板DNA 50 ng,无菌超纯水补足至50 μL。PCR扩增程序:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性1 min,60 ℃退火1 min,72 ℃延伸1 min,共30次循环;72 ℃终延伸7 min。扩增产物经2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,并利用Qubit 2.0荧光定量仪测定浓度。采用Illumina MiSeq平台完成文库构建及高通量测序。利用UCLUST算法对97%相似度的操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)代表序列进行分类学分析,参照Silva 138.1数据库完成物种注释。运用Mothur v1.21.1软件计算Chao1、ACE、Shannon及Simpson指数,评价结肠食糜微生物群落的物种丰富度与多样性。基于OTU组成,采用Bray-Curtis距离算法通过Mothur软件进行主坐标分析(principal coordinates analysis, PCoA);组间物种相对丰度差异采用Kruskal-Wallis非参数检验进行统计比较。本研究中所有的原始序列数据均上传并保存于NCBI的序列读取档案(sequence read archive, SRA)中,登录号为PRJNA1393001。
精确称取0.1 g结肠食糜样品,加入0.9 mL双蒸水,涡旋振荡混匀,制备10%匀浆液。于4 °C、14 000×g离心10 min,取上清液用于乳酸含量测定,严格按照乳酸试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所有限公司)说明书操作。另称取0.1 g结肠食糜样品,加入1 000 μL去离子水,涡旋振荡混匀,于4 ℃、14 000×g离心10 min。取700 μL上清液与140 μL偏磷酸巴豆酸溶液充分混合,置于-20 ℃静置过夜。次日取出解冻,混合液于4 ℃、14 000×g再次离心15 min,经0.22 μm针式滤器过滤,收集滤液待测。滤液中短链脂肪酸的浓度采用Shimadzu公司气相色谱仪测定,主要参数设下:色谱柱为Agilent Technologies公司毛细管柱(30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm);柱温130 ℃;汽化室温度与氢火焰离子化检测器温度均为180 ℃;载气为氮气,压力60 kPa;氢气与氧气压力分别为50 kPa。
试验数据经Excel整理后,采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析,利用GraphPad Prism和Excel制图。统计模型包含日粮、日龄、二者交互作用以及个体随机误差的固定效应。结果以“均值±标准误”或“均值±标准差”表示,每组生物学重复数n=6。以每头仔猪为试验单位,采用单因素或双因素方差分析进行评估,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。当存在显著日粮效应或日粮与日龄交互作用时,采用单因素方差分析结合Duncan多重比较进行事后检验。P<0.05表示差异显著,0.05≤P<0.10表示差异有显著趋势。
由表2可知,第7天,与对照组相比,低聚果糖组血清葡萄糖、总胆固醇和总胆汁酸含量显著降低(P<0.05),尿素氮和白蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05)。
第14天,与对照组相比,低聚果糖组哺乳仔猪血清中的总胆固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05),尿素氮、总蛋白和白蛋白的含量显著升高(P<0.05)。第21天,与对照组相比,低聚果糖组血清总胆固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05),尿素氮、总蛋白和白蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,早期低聚果糖干预对哺乳仔猪血清生化指标具有显著调控作用,可改善仔猪物质代谢与营养状况,且调控效果稳定持久。
由表3可知,与对照组相比,7日龄低聚果糖组血清总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性有升高趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05);14日龄低聚果糖组血清总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05);21日低聚果糖组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)。
由表4可知,与对照组相比,7日龄低聚果糖组结肠黏膜过氧化氢酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,14日龄低聚果糖组结肠黏膜过氧化氢酶活性、总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,21日龄低聚果糖组结肠黏膜过氧化氢酶活性、总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,早期低聚果糖干预可通过提高抗氧化酶活性、降低脂质过氧化产物含量增强哺乳仔猪机体抗氧化能力。
由表5可知,结肠黏膜中DAO的含量受日粮和日龄交互作用的显著影响(P<0.05)。7日龄时,与对照组相比,低聚果糖组血清DAO含量显著降低(P<0.05),结肠黏膜DAO和D-LA含量显著升高(P<0.05)。14日龄时,与对照组相比,低聚果糖组血清DAO含量显著降低(P<0.05),结肠黏膜DAO和D-LA含量显著升高(P<0.05)。21日龄时,与对照组相比,低聚果糖组血清DAO含量显著降低(P<0.05),结肠黏膜DAO含量显著升高(P<0.05)。上述结果说明,早期低聚果糖干预可通过调控DAO和D-LA含量改善哺乳仔猪肠道黏膜屏障功能。
如图1所示,Claudin-1、ZO-1、Occludin、MUC1、MUC2和MUC4的mRNA表达受日粮与日龄交互作用的显著影响(P<0.05)。其中,Claudin-1、ZO-1和Occludin为肠道黏膜紧密连接蛋白基因,其表达水平直接影响肠道屏障的完整性;MUC1、MUC2和MUC4为黏蛋白基因,可分泌黏蛋白形成肠道黏液层,抵御有害菌入侵。与对照组相比,低聚果糖组7、14和21日龄哺乳仔猪结肠黏膜中Claudin-1、ZO-1、MUC1、MUC2和MUC4的mRNA相对表达水平均显著提高(P<0.05),14日龄和21日龄仔猪结肠黏膜中Occludin的mRNA相对表达水平显著提高(P<0.05)。这说明早期低聚果糖干预可通过上调肠道黏膜紧密连接蛋白和黏蛋白基因的表达增强哺乳仔猪肠道黏膜屏障的完整性。
如图2所示,Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1、SOD1和GPX4的mRNA表达受日粮与日龄交互作用的显著影响(P<0.05)。其中,Nrf2是机体抗氧化信号通路的核心调控基因,可激活下游NQO1、HO-1、SOD1和GPX4等抗氧化基因的表达;NQO1和HO-1可清除体内活性氧,SOD1和GPX4可抑制脂质过氧化,共同维持机体氧化还原平衡。与对照组相比,低聚果糖组7日龄和14日龄仔猪结肠黏膜中Nrf2的mRNA相对表达水平显著提高(P<0.05),14和21日龄仔猪结肠黏膜中HO-1的mRNA相对表达水平显著提高(P<0.05),7、14和21日龄仔猪结肠黏膜中NQO1和GPX4的mRNA相对表达水平均显著提高(P<0.05),21日龄仔猪结肠黏膜中SOD1的mRNA相对表达水平显著提高(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,早期低聚果糖干预可通过上调Nrf2及其下游抗氧化相关基因的表达激活机体抗氧化信号通路,从而增强哺乳仔猪的抗氧化能力。
如图3所示,α多样性分析结果表明,Chao1、ACE、Simpson和Shannon指数受日粮与日龄交互作用的显著影响(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,早期低聚果糖干预显著提高了7日龄仔猪的Shannon指数,显著提高了14日龄仔猪的ACE、Simpson和Shannon指数,显著提高了21日龄仔猪的Chao1、ACE、Shannon和Simpson指数。β多样性分析结果表明,早期低聚果糖干预使14日龄和21日龄仔猪结肠食糜微生物群落发生显著分离。这提示早期低聚果糖干预可通过提升肠道微生物多样性、调控微生物群落结构改善哺乳仔猪肠道微生态平衡。
如图4所示,在门水平上,芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)和放线菌门(Actinomycetota)的相对丰度受日粮与日龄交互作用的显著影响(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,早期低聚果糖干预显著增加了14日龄仔猪Bacillota的相对丰度(P<0.05),显著降低了7、14和21日龄仔猪Pseudomonadota的相对丰度(P<0.05),显著降低了14和21日龄仔猪Actinomycetota的相对丰度(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,早期低聚果糖干预可通过调控肠道优势菌群丰度、优化门水平微生物群落结构维持哺乳仔猪肠道微生态稳态。
如图5所示,在属水平上,乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、罗伊氏乳杆菌属(Limosilactobacillus)和联合乳杆菌属(Ligilactobacillus)的相对丰度受日粮与日龄交互作用的显著影响(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,早期低聚果糖干预显著提高了7、14和21日龄仔猪乳杆菌属、罗伊氏乳杆菌属和联合乳杆菌属的相对丰度(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,早期低聚果糖干预可通过提升肠道有益菌丰度、优化属水平微生物群落结构增强肠道微生态稳定性,为哺乳仔猪肠道健康提供保障。
由表6可知,乳酸(lactic acid)、乙酸(acetate)、丙酸(propionate)、异丁酸(isobutyrate)、丁酸(butyrate)和戊酸(valerate)含量受日粮与日龄交互作用的显著影响(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,低聚果糖组7日龄哺乳仔猪结肠中乙酸、丁酸和戊酸含量显著提高(P<0.01);14日龄仔猪结肠中丙酸和戊酸含量显著提高(P<0.01);21日龄仔猪结肠中异丁酸浓度显著提高(P<0.01)。上述结果表明,早期低聚果糖干预可通过调控结肠短链脂肪酸含量改善肠道发酵环境,促进肠道健康。
如图6所示,本研究对哺乳仔猪肠道差异微生物[乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、罗伊氏乳杆菌属(Limosilactobacillus)和联合乳杆菌属(Ligilactobacillus)]与差异代谢物(乳酸和短链脂肪酸)之间的相关性进行了分析。热图结果显示,Lactobacillus丰度与乳酸(lactic acid)、异丁酸(isobutyrate)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与异戊酸(isovalerate)呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。Limosilactobacillus丰度与丁酸(butyrate)、异戊酸(isovalerate)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与乙酸(acetate)、戊酸(valerate)呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。Ligilactobacillus丰度与丁酸(butyrate)呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与异戊酸(isovalerate)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。上述结果表明,早期FOS干预可通过调控特定乳杆菌属的丰度影响仔猪肠道短链脂肪酸的组成与代谢,为揭示FOS改善仔猪肠道健康的潜在机制提供了重要的相关性证据。
血液学指标是评估动物健康状况的重要依据[19]。胆固醇是胆汁酸生成、某些类固醇激素生物合成以及人和动物细胞膜的重要组成成分[20]。本研究发现,FOS干预可显著降低哺乳仔猪血清总胆固醇含量,这与Bandyopadhyay等[21]和Meng等[22]的研究结果一致。FOS干预还显著提高了哺乳仔猪血清尿素氮、总蛋白及白蛋白含量,提示FOS可能通过促进蛋白质代谢与合成,改善哺乳仔猪的营养状况。
抗氧化能力是维持细胞正常功能与机体健康的关键因素[23]。研究表明,抗氧化酶T-SOD、GSH-Px和CAT是机体清除活性氧的第一道防线[24]。MDA是一种常用的氧化应激生物标志物,可反映脂质过氧化程度[25]。在哺乳仔猪肠道中,氧化应激增强通常伴随肠道屏障功能受损,进而导致肠道通透性增加、炎症反应加剧及病原微生物入侵。因此,增强肠道抗氧化能力对于保护仔猪肠道健康、维持肠道屏障功能至关重要。本研究表明,早期低聚果糖干预可提高哺乳仔猪血清和结肠黏膜中抗氧化酶活性。仔猪在出生过程中会产生大量自由基,而其自身抗氧化系统发育尚不完善、功能较弱,无法及时清除出生应激所诱导产生的自由基,进而引发氧化应激反应[26]。在饲料中添加1% FOS可提高断奶仔猪血清T-SOD和GSH-Px活性,并降低血清MDA含量[27]。在肠产毒素性大肠杆菌(enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, ETEC)攻毒的断奶仔猪中,添加FOS可使血浆和肠黏膜中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及过氧化氢酶水平均有所提高[12]。上述结果与本研究一致,进一步表明低聚果糖能够改善哺乳仔猪的抗氧化能力。
良好的肠道机械屏障功能可有效阻挡细菌、内毒素及其他有害成分穿过肠黏膜进入体内。从结构层面来看,肠道屏障功能的实现依赖于完整的肠上皮细胞及这些细胞之间形成的紧密连接[28-30]。紧密连接蛋白(如ZO-1、Claudin-1和Occludin)对肠道屏障完整性至关重要,它们通过封闭上皮细胞间的细胞旁间隙阻止肠道细菌及其他抗原经细胞间的通道扩散[31-32]。此外,肠上皮杯状细胞产生的黏液层是肠道屏障功能的重要组成部分[33]。MUC2是一种富含O-聚糖的糖蛋白,为黏液的主要成分,因其在黏膜屏障保护之外的多重功能而备受关注[34]。MUC2由肠道上皮杯状细胞合成,是肠道化学屏障的重要组成部分[35]。Zhang等[27]研究发现,补充FOS的日粮可增加回肠Occludin和Claudin-1的表达,以及结肠ZO-1、Claudin-1和Occludin的表达。Cao等[36]研究发现,FOS可显著恢复应激状态下受损结肠中紧密连接蛋白(Occludin和ZO-1)的表达。低聚果糖在体内外均可降低肠道通透性并增加紧密连接蛋白和黏蛋白的表达[37-38]。本研究表明,低聚果糖组哺乳仔猪血清DAO含量显著降低,而结肠黏膜中DAO和D-LA含量显著升高。本研究中黏膜D-LA的升高可能源于结肠腔内产乳酸菌群对碳水化合物的发酵增强,反映了局部微生物代谢的活跃[39]。黏膜DAO活性升高直接反映肠上皮细胞成熟度的提升与结构完整性的增强,而血清DAO活性降低则表明肠上皮细胞脱落入血减少、肠道通透性降低,二者共同指向肠道屏障完整性的增强与黏膜结构的成熟[40-41]。值得注意的是,不同时间点肠道屏障相关血清学指标呈现出显著的动态差异,揭示了肠道屏障功能重塑具有时序性特征,其深层机制即上皮修复、菌群演替与代谢调控之间的交互作用,值得后续深入探究。此外,本研究还发现,早期低聚果糖干预显著上调了14日龄和21日龄哺乳仔猪结肠中紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、Claudin-1和Occludin的转录水平,显著上调了7、14和21日龄仔猪结肠中MUC2的转录水平,以及14日龄和21日龄仔猪结肠中MUC1和MUC4的转录水平。上述结果提示FOS干预可能对结肠屏障完整性具有积极的调节作用,但仍需结合蛋白水平及功能学实验进一步验证。
核因子E2相关因子2 (Nrf2)是一种重要的细胞保护性转录因子,在对抗各类氧化应激所致组织损伤(包括肠道屏障损伤)的细胞防御中发挥着不可替代的作用[42-43]。当受到氧化应激刺激时,Nrf2可与抗氧化反应元件结合,调控抗氧化剂、Ⅱ相解毒酶及解毒蛋白(如HO-1、SOD1、过氧化氢酶和GSH-Px)的表达[44-45]。Wang等[46]研究表明,益生元菊粉(Gen_Wi)可通过激活Nrf2通路减轻肠上皮细胞的氧化应激。Yin等[47]研究发现,益生元海参岩藻糖化硫酸软骨素可通过上调紧密连接蛋白、激活Keap1-Nrf2-ARE抗氧化通路保护肠道屏障。基于上述报道,本研究探讨了低聚果糖是否通过调控Nrf2、HO-1、SOD1、CAT和GSH-Px发挥作用。qPCR结果显示,添加低聚果糖显著上调了哺乳仔猪结肠Nrf2、NQO1、HO-1、SOD1和GPX4的转录水平,这与低聚果糖在断奶仔猪中的研究结果一致[27]。本研究表明,Nrf2介导的抗氧化通路至少部分参与了低聚果糖对肠道屏障功能的增强作用。本研究仅检测了ZO-1、Nrf2等关键基因的转录水平,未进行蛋白水平验证,尚无法明确基因转录变化是否同步转化为蛋白表达的改变,这是本研究的局限性之一。
肠道中的有益菌(如双歧杆菌、乳酸菌)可抑制致病菌增殖,减少内毒素释放,降低氧化炎症反应[48]。研究表明,低聚果糖可增加大鼠盲肠和结肠中黏膜乳酸杆菌的数量[49]。本研究中FOS干预显著提高了结肠微生物α多样性指数,并使14日龄和21日龄仔猪的菌群发生显著分离,低聚果糖处理组中乳杆菌属丰度的增加与先前关于低聚果糖对肠道菌群有益作用的报道一致[50]。此外,本研究中补充低聚果糖还增加了哺乳仔猪结肠中罗伊氏乳杆菌属的相对丰度。罗伊氏乳杆菌可通过促进抗炎细胞因子的生成并分泌罗伊氏菌素等抗菌物质调节肠道菌群,从而发挥健康益处[51]。据此推测,FOS可通过富集有益菌、抑制有害菌改善肠道菌群组成。部分肠道微生物被认为对提高肠道上皮屏障功能具有贡献。越来越多的证据表明,乳酸菌可利用其表面成分和代谢产物诱导黏蛋白表达、增强肠上皮紧密连接,从而强化肠上皮屏障功能[52]。Saeedi等[53]研究揭示肠道菌群可通过激活转录因子Nrf2调控肝脏外源化合物代谢及抗氧化反应,并确定乳酸杆菌属为该效应的关键介质。因此,本研究中哺乳仔猪屏障功能的增强可能与乳杆菌属的富集密切相关。
微生物代谢产物如短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)不仅能提供能量,还可通过激活GPR41和GPR43受体促进肠道上皮细胞增殖与分化,进一步增强屏障功能[54]。Zhang等[55]研究表明,补充FOS可显著增加贫血大鼠肠道中3种主要SCFAs (乙酸、丙酸和异丁酸)的产量。Yao等[56]研究表明,FOS和低聚半乳糖(galacto-oligosaccharides, GOS)对肠道菌群组成和代谢具有显著调节作用,可进一步促进肠道中SCFAs和乳酸的产生。Ma等[57]研究表明,丁酸可能在恢复肠道紧密连接方面发挥重要作用,对维持肠道完整性具有积极影响。此外,丁酸盐处理还可提高MUC3、MUC4和MUC12的转录水平[58]。与上述研究一致,本研究中早期低聚果糖干预显著增加了哺乳仔猪结肠中短链脂肪酸和乳酸的含量。肠腔中短链脂肪酸的产生可能在维持肠道屏障功能方面发挥重要作用。Zhang等[59]研究发现,丁酸盐可通过抑制MALT1激活Nrf2通路发挥保护作用。因此,本研究中结肠丁酸含量的增加可能有助于结肠屏障功能的增强。
本研究表明,低聚果糖(FOS)对哺乳仔猪血清生化指标、抗氧化能力、肠道黏膜屏障功能及肠道微生态均具有显著调控作用。具体而言,FOS可显著调节哺乳仔猪血清中葡萄糖、总胆固醇、尿素氮等生化指标,改善机体物质代谢;可提高血清抗氧化酶活性、降低脂质过氧化产物含量,同时上调Nrf2及其下游NQO1、HO-1等抗氧化基因的表达,激活机体抗氧化信号通路;还可通过上调Claudin-1、ZO-1等肠道紧密连接蛋白基因及MUC1、MUC2等黏蛋白基因的表达,强化肠道黏膜屏障完整性,并优化肠道门、属水平菌群结构及结肠短链脂肪酸含量,改善肠道微生态。在实际仔猪生产中,FOS与XOS均已应用于仔猪饲料,但二者的应用场景及产业普及度存在显著差异:FOS因作用全面、生产工艺成熟且成本可控在仔猪养殖中应用更为广泛,适用于规模化常规养殖场景;XOS的优势在于有益菌增殖效率高、添加剂量低,但其生产成本较高、作用针对性较强,仅适用于仔猪断奶应激、肠道功能紊乱等特殊养殖场景[60]。目前,FOS在产业化推广及生产应用中占据明显优势,是当前仔猪养殖中功能性低聚糖的主流选择。
本研究重点分析了低聚果糖干预下哺乳仔猪的氧化状态、肠道屏障功能及结肠微生物等关键指标,这些指标均是反映仔猪肠道健康的核心生物学基础。肠道抗氧化能力的提升有助于减轻机体氧化应激损伤、维持肠道结构完整[61];肠道屏障功能的改善不仅可减少内毒素移位、减轻炎症反应,还能促进肠道形态发育与功能成熟[62];结肠微生物区系的优化则有利于营养代谢、免疫调节及肠道稳态的维持[63]。上述指标的积极变化共同构成了仔猪健康生长的重要生理基础。尽管本研究未涉及生长性能数据,但上述结果从机制层面揭示了FOS干预对仔猪生产潜力的正向调控作用,可为生产实践提供理论依据。
早期低聚果糖干预可激活哺乳仔猪结肠Nrf2信号通路相关基因的转录,并显著提升血清及结肠黏膜中抗氧化酶的活性;同时上调结肠紧密连接蛋白与黏蛋白基因的转录水平,提示其对结肠屏障完整性可能具有积极的调节作用;此外,FOS干预还可富集有益菌,改善结肠微生物的多样性与组成,并增加结肠中乳酸及短链脂肪酸的含量。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1300402)
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2026年第66卷第10期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260125
  • 接收时间:2026-02-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-13
  • 出版时间:2026-10-04
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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-10
  • 录用日期:2026-04-21
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National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1300402)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1300402)
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    南京农业大学 动物科技学院,国家动物消化道营养国际联合研究中心,江苏 南京

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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