Article(id=1316714579065946703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1316714454184739470, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260124, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1770566400000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1776787200000, acceptedDateStr=2026-04-22, onlineDate=1791858819022, onlineDateStr=2026-10-13, pubDate=1791043200000, pubDateStr=2026-10-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791858819022, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791858819022, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791858819022, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1316714454184739470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='10', pageStart='4661', pageEnd='5310', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1791043200000', pubDateStr='2026-10-04', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791858789249, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791885400527, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1316826070066774161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1316714454184739470, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1316826070066774162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1316714454184739470, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4974, endPage=4992, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1316714580764639824, articleId=1316714579065946703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Microbial community structures and diversity in the rhizosphere soil of Meconopsis baileyi at different altitudinal gradients, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To explore the structural characteristics of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of Meconopsis baileyi along different altitude gradients. [Methods] This study employed high-throughput sequencing to investigate the microbial community composition and diversity in the rhizosphere soil of M. baileyi and conducted a correlation analysis on the microbial community characteristics with environmental factors. [Results] At different altitudinal gradients, there are significant differences in the common genera of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of M. baileyi. The common genera at low altitudes are all greater than those at high altitudes, and show a downward trend with increasing altitude. Their diversity initially increased and then decreased with increasing elevation. Fungal species richness generally increased with elevation, whereas bacterial species richness also increased but declined sharply at 4 100 m. Pseudomonadota was the most dominant phylum among soil bacteria, and Ascomycota was the most dominant phylum among soil fungi. Their relative abundance generally showed a downward trend with the rise in altitude. Altitude exerted a more significant shaping effect on the fungal community structure. Although bacterial communities were also affected by altitude, the altitude specificity of taxonomic group distribution was weak, and diversity tended to be more stable.The co-occurrence networks of microorganisms at high altitude gradients were more compact, with core groups being more prominent, which indicated collaborative coexistence of microorganisms in extreme environments. In contrast, the networks at low altitude gradients were looser, with microorganisms surviving independently in suitable environments. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available phosphorus (AP), soil temperature (ST), and soil moisture content (SMC) were identified as the major drivers shaping microbial community structure across altitudinal gradients. [Conclusion] Altitude significantly affects the species composition and community distribution of rhizosphere microorganisms in M. baileyi. Diversity generally increased initially and then decreased with increasing elevation, whereas species richness showed an overall increasing trend; however, bacterial richness declined sharply at the highest elevation.The relative abundance of the dominant phyla of both communities generally decreases as altitude rises, and altitude has a more significant role in shaping the fungal community structure. In addition, the microbial co-occurrence networks are more compact at high altitudes but looser at low altitudes, with pH and EC acting as key environmental drivers of microbial community structure.

, authors=Yongxia WANG1, 2, Songyan CHEN1, Ruijie ZHENG1, Jie LANG3, Yiqing ZHOU2, Xu JIANG2, Zhen XING1, *, Zhiyong RUAN2, *, authorsList=Yongxia WANG, Songyan CHEN, Ruijie ZHENG, Jie LANG, Yiqing ZHOU, Xu JIANG, Zhen XING, Zhiyong RUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhen XING, Zhiyong RUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: XING Zhen,
RUAN Zhiyong,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1316714582761128545, articleId=1316714579065946703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=不同海拔梯度拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤微生物群落结构及多样性分析, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】 探究不同海拔梯度拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤微生物群落结构特征。 【方法】 利用高通量测序技术对拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤微生物组成及多样性进行研究,并结合环境因子进行相关性分析。 【结果】 在不同海拔梯度下,拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤细菌和真菌共有属种类具有明显差异,低海拔共有属种类均大于高海拔,且随海拔的上升呈下降趋势。其多样性随海拔升高呈现先升后降的趋势;真菌的丰富度随海拔的升高而增加,细菌的丰富度随海拔升高也在增加,但在海拔4 100 m急剧减少。根际土壤细菌中假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)为最优势菌门,土壤真菌中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为最优势菌门,相对丰度均随海拔的增加整体呈现出下降趋势。海拔对真菌群落结构的塑造作用较为显著,细菌群落虽受海拔影响,但类群分布的海拔特异性相对较弱,多样性更趋稳定。高海拔梯度微生物的共现网络更紧密、核心类群更突出,在极端环境下微生物协同共存,而低海拔梯度网络较松散,在适宜环境下微生物独立生存。pH、电导率(electrical conductivity, EC)、速效磷(available phosphorus, AP)、土壤温度(soil temperature, ST)、土壤含水量(soil moisture content, SMC)为影响不同海拔梯度拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤微生物群落结构的主要驱动因子。 【结论】 海拔显著影响拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际微生物的物种组成与群落分布,多样性随海拔升高整体呈先升后降趋势,丰富度整体呈增加趋势,细菌丰富度在高海拔时骤降。优势菌门相对丰度随海拔升高整体下降,海拔对真菌群落结构塑造作用更显著;高海拔微生物共现网络更紧密而低海拔更松散,pH、EC等是塑造群落结构的主要驱动因子。

, authors=王永霞1, 2, 陈松焱1, 郑睿杰1, 朗杰3, 周义清2, 江旭2, 邢震1, *, 阮志勇2, *, authorsList=王永霞, 陈松焱, 郑睿杰, 朗杰, 周义清, 江旭, 邢震, 阮志勇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邢震, 阮志勇, authorNote=

作者贡献声明

王永霞:总体构思、方法论、形式分析、初稿写作;陈松焱:调查研究和数据管理;郑睿杰:审核与编辑写作;朗杰:指导、审核与编辑写作;周义清:调查研究;江旭:调查研究、审核与编辑写作;邢震:获取资助、指导、审核与编辑写作;阮志勇:指导、审核与编辑写作。

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Profile of soil microbial community under different stand types in Qinghai Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(3): 21-32 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316829844239925972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714579065946703, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=81, issue=null, pageStart=275, pageEnd=281, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=70, authorNames=Zhang XM, Liu W, Zhang GM, Jiang L, Han XG, journalName=Soil Biology and Biochemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang XM, Liu W, Zhang GM, Jiang L, Han XG. Mechanisms of soil acidification reducing bacterial diversity[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2015, 81: 275-281., articleTitle=Mechanisms of soil acidification reducing bacterial diversity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316829844453835479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714579065946703, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=161, issue=null, pageStart=108366, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=71, authorNames=Odriozola I, Navrátilová D, Tláskalová P, Klinerová T, Červenková Z, Kohout P, Větrovský T, Čížková P, Starý M, Baldrian P, journalName=Soil Biology and Biochemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Odriozola I, Navrátilová D, Tláskalová P, Klinerová T, Červenková Z, Kohout P, Větrovský T, Čížková P, Starý M, Baldrian P. Predictors of soil fungal biomass and community composition in temperate mountainous forests in Central Europe[J]. 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A: Bacteria (L); B: Bacteria (H); C: Fungi (L); B: Fungi (H)., figureFileSmall=xMzpTpJNzyDd2z9LXcIx3w==, figureFileBig=lDbmu5YD1tYSMo17BuhKSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829834651746943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714579065946703, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同海拔拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤微生物的网络共现分析(科水平), figureFileSmall=xMzpTpJNzyDd2z9LXcIx3w==, figureFileBig=lDbmu5YD1tYSMo17BuhKSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829834739827328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714579065946703, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Redundancy analysis of rhizosphere soil microbial communities associated with Meconopsis baileyi across different altitudinal gradients. 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Soil physicochemical properties across different altitudinal gradients

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ItemsN3400N3500N3600N3900N4000N4100
pH5.86±0.15a5.33±0.09b5.35±0.26b5.43±0.07b5.46±0.12b5.21±0.34b
OM/(g/kg)48.39±2.36b115.73±26.27a97.03±35.30ab113.66±7.24a152.09±49.51a147.27±37.41a
TN/(g/kg)2.56±0.17c4.354±0.84abc2.96±0.63bc4.20±1.70abc5.54±2.26ab5.79±1.37a
AK/(mg/kg)270.52±40.74a277.69±116.86a241.11±19.73a243.55±52.04a297.04±185.06a190.50±124.00a
AP/(mg/kg)13.48±4.61a21.23±10.30a33.55±2.17a14.30±3.32a26.88±18.14a15.68±15.82a
SMC/(g/kg)27.18±0.19b36.92±2.42ab40.95±4.98a42.18±2.79a37.91±12.99ab46.06±9.81a
NN/(mg/kg)2.42±0.90a5.84±2.40a4.27±2.40a3.465±1.20a4.40±4.98a2.85±2.41a
AN/(mg/kg)1.18±0.48a1.05±0.32a0.87±0.26a0.94±0.22a0.10±0.01a1.04±0.50a
ST/℃14.20±0.31a11.06±0.17d8.61±0.20e12.07±0.67c11.57±0.61cd13.23±0.65b
EC/(mS/cm)0.002±0.000b0.002±0.001b0.001±0.001b0.003±0.000a0.002±0.001ab0.002±0.001b
), ArticleFig(id=1316829834953736835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714579065946703, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同海拔梯度土壤的理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsN3400N3500N3600N3900N4000N4100
pH5.86±0.15a5.33±0.09b5.35±0.26b5.43±0.07b5.46±0.12b5.21±0.34b
OM/(g/kg)48.39±2.36b115.73±26.27a97.03±35.30ab113.66±7.24a152.09±49.51a147.27±37.41a
TN/(g/kg)2.56±0.17c4.354±0.84abc2.96±0.63bc4.20±1.70abc5.54±2.26ab5.79±1.37a
AK/(mg/kg)270.52±40.74a277.69±116.86a241.11±19.73a243.55±52.04a297.04±185.06a190.50±124.00a
AP/(mg/kg)13.48±4.61a21.23±10.30a33.55±2.17a14.30±3.32a26.88±18.14a15.68±15.82a
SMC/(g/kg)27.18±0.19b36.92±2.42ab40.95±4.98a42.18±2.79a37.91±12.99ab46.06±9.81a
NN/(mg/kg)2.42±0.90a5.84±2.40a4.27±2.40a3.465±1.20a4.40±4.98a2.85±2.41a
AN/(mg/kg)1.18±0.48a1.05±0.32a0.87±0.26a0.94±0.22a0.10±0.01a1.04±0.50a
ST/℃14.20±0.31a11.06±0.17d8.61±0.20e12.07±0.67c11.57±0.61cd13.23±0.65b
EC/(mS/cm)0.002±0.000b0.002±0.001b0.001±0.001b0.003±0.000a0.002±0.001ab0.002±0.001b
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不同海拔梯度拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤微生物群落结构及多样性分析
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王永霞 1, 2 , 陈松焱 1 , 郑睿杰 1 , 朗杰 3 , 周义清 2 , 江旭 2 , 邢震 1, * , 阮志勇 2, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(10): 4974-4992
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微生物学报 |研究报告 2026 , 66 (10) : 4974 -4992
不同海拔梯度拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤微生物群落结构及多样性分析
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王永霞1, 2, 陈松焱1, 郑睿杰1, 朗杰3, 周义清2, 江旭2, 邢震1, * , 阮志勇2, *
作者信息
  • 1.西藏农牧大学 林草学院,西藏 林芝
  • 2.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,北京
  • 3.西藏农牧大学 植物科学学院,西藏 林芝
通讯作者:
邢震, 阮志勇
作者简介:

作者贡献声明

王永霞:总体构思、方法论、形式分析、初稿写作;陈松焱:调查研究和数据管理;郑睿杰:审核与编辑写作;朗杰:指导、审核与编辑写作;周义清:调查研究;江旭:调查研究、审核与编辑写作;邢震:获取资助、指导、审核与编辑写作;阮志勇:指导、审核与编辑写作。

Microbial community structures and diversity in the rhizosphere soil of Meconopsis baileyi at different altitudinal gradients
Yongxia WANG1, 2, Songyan CHEN1, Ruijie ZHENG1, Jie LANG3, Yiqing ZHOU2, Xu JIANG2, Zhen XING1, * , Zhiyong RUAN2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Forestry and Grassland, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Xizang, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
  • 3.College of Plant Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Xizang, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    *E-mail: XING Zhen,
    RUAN Zhiyong,
出版时间: 2026-10-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260124
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【目的】 探究不同海拔梯度拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤微生物群落结构特征。 【方法】 利用高通量测序技术对拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤微生物组成及多样性进行研究,并结合环境因子进行相关性分析。 【结果】 在不同海拔梯度下,拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤细菌和真菌共有属种类具有明显差异,低海拔共有属种类均大于高海拔,且随海拔的上升呈下降趋势。其多样性随海拔升高呈现先升后降的趋势;真菌的丰富度随海拔的升高而增加,细菌的丰富度随海拔升高也在增加,但在海拔4 100 m急剧减少。根际土壤细菌中假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)为最优势菌门,土壤真菌中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为最优势菌门,相对丰度均随海拔的增加整体呈现出下降趋势。海拔对真菌群落结构的塑造作用较为显著,细菌群落虽受海拔影响,但类群分布的海拔特异性相对较弱,多样性更趋稳定。高海拔梯度微生物的共现网络更紧密、核心类群更突出,在极端环境下微生物协同共存,而低海拔梯度网络较松散,在适宜环境下微生物独立生存。pH、电导率(electrical conductivity, EC)、速效磷(available phosphorus, AP)、土壤温度(soil temperature, ST)、土壤含水量(soil moisture content, SMC)为影响不同海拔梯度拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤微生物群落结构的主要驱动因子。 【结论】 海拔显著影响拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际微生物的物种组成与群落分布,多样性随海拔升高整体呈先升后降趋势,丰富度整体呈增加趋势,细菌丰富度在高海拔时骤降。优势菌门相对丰度随海拔升高整体下降,海拔对真菌群落结构塑造作用更显著;高海拔微生物共现网络更紧密而低海拔更松散,pH、EC等是塑造群落结构的主要驱动因子。

拟藿香叶绿绒蒿  /  不同海拔梯度  /  根际土壤  /  微生物多样性

[Objective] To explore the structural characteristics of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of Meconopsis baileyi along different altitude gradients. [Methods] This study employed high-throughput sequencing to investigate the microbial community composition and diversity in the rhizosphere soil of M. baileyi and conducted a correlation analysis on the microbial community characteristics with environmental factors. [Results] At different altitudinal gradients, there are significant differences in the common genera of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of M. baileyi. The common genera at low altitudes are all greater than those at high altitudes, and show a downward trend with increasing altitude. Their diversity initially increased and then decreased with increasing elevation. Fungal species richness generally increased with elevation, whereas bacterial species richness also increased but declined sharply at 4 100 m. Pseudomonadota was the most dominant phylum among soil bacteria, and Ascomycota was the most dominant phylum among soil fungi. Their relative abundance generally showed a downward trend with the rise in altitude. Altitude exerted a more significant shaping effect on the fungal community structure. Although bacterial communities were also affected by altitude, the altitude specificity of taxonomic group distribution was weak, and diversity tended to be more stable.The co-occurrence networks of microorganisms at high altitude gradients were more compact, with core groups being more prominent, which indicated collaborative coexistence of microorganisms in extreme environments. In contrast, the networks at low altitude gradients were looser, with microorganisms surviving independently in suitable environments. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available phosphorus (AP), soil temperature (ST), and soil moisture content (SMC) were identified as the major drivers shaping microbial community structure across altitudinal gradients. [Conclusion] Altitude significantly affects the species composition and community distribution of rhizosphere microorganisms in M. baileyi. Diversity generally increased initially and then decreased with increasing elevation, whereas species richness showed an overall increasing trend; however, bacterial richness declined sharply at the highest elevation.The relative abundance of the dominant phyla of both communities generally decreases as altitude rises, and altitude has a more significant role in shaping the fungal community structure. In addition, the microbial co-occurrence networks are more compact at high altitudes but looser at low altitudes, with pH and EC acting as key environmental drivers of microbial community structure.

Meconopsis baileyi  /  different altitudinal gradients  /  rhizosphere soil  /  microbial diversity
王永霞, 陈松焱, 郑睿杰, 朗杰, 周义清, 江旭, 邢震, 阮志勇. 不同海拔梯度拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤微生物群落结构及多样性分析. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (10) : 4974 -4992 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260124
Yongxia WANG, Songyan CHEN, Ruijie ZHENG, Jie LANG, Yiqing ZHOU, Xu JIANG, Zhen XING, Zhiyong RUAN. Microbial community structures and diversity in the rhizosphere soil of Meconopsis baileyi at different altitudinal gradients[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (10) : 4974 -4992 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260124
土壤是微生物生长繁殖的天然培养基,为微生物创造出许多微生境及生存空间[1]。植物根际是植物根系与土壤微生物相互作用的重要场所[2],植物根际微生物作为土壤微生物中较活跃的部分,聚居着细菌、真菌、放线菌等各类微生物类群,是根系与土壤之间养分转化和运输的重要枢纽[3]。这些微生物的生长、分布和繁殖受植物根系生长发育的影响,表现出明显的根际效应,对根系吸收和转化土壤中的微量元素有重要作用[4]。
海拔作为一种环境因子,通过引起气候、温度、植被、土壤、养分等一系列影响因子的变化[5],进而对微生物的分布产生影响。Bryant等[6]首次对土壤微生物多样性与海拔格局的相关性进行研究,发现物种丰富度随海拔增加呈单调递减模式。也有研究表明,海拔是影响土壤细菌群落结构和多样性的关键因素之一,不同海拔梯度下土壤细菌群落组成存在显著差异[7],随着海拔的增加,土壤微生物群落的多样性和组成发生变化,呈先增后降的趋势[8]。截至目前,土壤微生物多样性的分布暂无明确的格局模式,通常表现为无趋势、线性(下降或上升)、单峰、下凹等多种模式[9]。
拟藿香叶绿绒蒿(Meconopsis baileyi)是罂粟科(Papaveraceae)绿绒蒿属的多年生一次开花植物。花通常为蓝色或紫色,花大色艳,花果期6-10月,是著名的高山野生花卉,极具观赏价值。同时也是人工培育观赏植物品种的重要原始材料来源,具有较大的开发潜力[10]。然而,对于绿绒蒿微生物的相关研究目前报道相对较少。陈舒婷等[11]通过高通量测序对多刺绿绒蒿与全缘叶绿绒蒿的根系微生物组成进行研究,发现其群落结构具有不同的组成特征。黄顺满等[3]对不同海拔全缘叶绿绒蒿土壤细菌群落多样性进行研究,表明随海拔的升高全缘叶绿绒蒿土壤细菌多样性及丰富度呈上升趋势。
目前尚无对色季拉山不同海拔拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤微生物群落结构的系统研究。因此,本研究以色季拉山不同海拔拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤样本为研究对象,拟通过Illumina HiSeq高通量测序技术分析土壤微生物群落组成及多样性分布特征,揭示拟藿香叶绿绒蒿土壤微生物群落多样性和结构,挖掘维持绿绒蒿生长的核心微生物菌群,以期为拟藿香叶绿绒蒿的人工栽培提供科学依据。
于2023年7月23日,在西藏自治区林芝市色季拉山3 400-4 100 m的海拔区域,以100 m为梯度,选取2 m×2 m的样方,采集拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤,编号分别为N3400、N3500、N3600、N3900、N4000、N4100,数字代表每个样点的海拔,每个梯度3个重复。按照采样海拔梯度划分,3 400-3 600 m 3个海拔梯度归为相对低海拔用字母L表示,3 900-4 100 m归为相对高海拔用字母H表示。采样时佩戴无菌手套,将拟藿香叶绿绒蒿植株连同根部一起放入无菌袋,置于装有干冰的泡沫盒中带回实验室。
在实验室处理阶段,抖落大块土壤后去除植物残留、石砾等其他杂质,用毛刷收集根系表面0-5 mm的根际土[12],将附着紧实、不易脱落根土的植物根系剪成小段放入50 mL灭菌离心管中,加适当无菌水振荡1 min,反复冲洗1-3次确保根际土全部脱落。收集的根际土放入离心机中,在8 000 r/min离心5 min。弃去上清液后,一部分长期保存于-80 ℃超低温冰箱备用,另一部分立即用于DNA提取及后续分析。
称取1.50 g根际土壤样品,使用E.Z.N.A® Mag-Bind土壤DNA试剂盒(OMEGA公司)提取总基因组DNA[13]。用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA的完整性并测定其浓度。
样品总DNA提取后,采用通用引物对细菌16S rRNA基因V3-V4区域和真菌ITS1区域分别进行PCR扩增。细菌通用引物为338F (5′- ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCA-3′)和806R (5′- GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′)[14]。PCR反应体系(30 μL):2×Hieff Robust PCR Master Mix 15 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各1 μL,模板DNA 10-20 ng,补充ddH2O至30 μL[15]。PCR反应程序:95 ℃预变性5 min;94 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸90 s,共30个循环;72 ℃终延伸10 min。真菌通用引物为ITS1F (5′-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3′)和ITS2R (5′-GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC-3′)[16]。PCR反应体系:2×Trans Fidelity PCR Super Mix 15 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各1 μL,模板DNA 1-3 μL,补充ddH2O至30 μL[17]。PCR反应程序参照细菌设置。扩增完成后,对PCR产物进行纯化、定量和均一化处理,构建高通量测序文库,使用Qubit@ 3.0荧光计(ThermoFisher Scientific公司)进行评估,每个样品重复测定3次[18]。最终由派森诺生物科技有限公司通过Illumina HiSeq 2500平台进行双端测序(PE250),单端读长为250 bp。
利用USearch对文库中的序列进行聚类,去除低质量序列,对有效数据序列进行去噪,合并双端数据,过滤嵌合体,得到高质量的扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variant, ASV)代表性序列。基于SILVA数据库对每个代表性序列进行物种注释。
使用QIIME 2 (version 2021.4)软件,采用classify-sklearn的方法,以SILVA 138/UNITE v8.3为参考数据库,将获得的分类学信息按照界(kingdom, K.)、门(phylum, P.)、纲(class, C.)、目(order, O.)、科(family, F.)、属(genus, G.)、种(species, sp.)的不同分类水平进行物种注释;用R (version 4.2.1)软件绘制物种相对丰度的柱状堆叠图、热图和稀释曲线,并计算Observed_species和Shannon等α多样性指数。基于Bray-Curtis距离矩阵进行β多样性分析,绘制主坐标分析(principal coordinates analysis, PCoA)图,根据数据的正态性和方差齐性分别采用参数和非参数检验,两组间差异比较选用Student’s t检验,多于2组选用Tukey检验,估算群落的物种丰富度、多样性及多样性指数组间差异。基于物种丰度,使用MENA (http://ieg4.rccc.ou.edu/MENA/)构建共现网络,使用Gephi软件及Fruchterman-Reingold布局算法[19]进行可视化。
通过高通量测序,共获得细菌16S rRNA基因原始序列69 918-90 892条和真菌ITS原始序列61 032-156 657条,经质控、去噪、拼接、去嵌合体及去除单序列后,最终获得有效高质量序列28 323-47 658条和43 829-107 519条。如图1所示,细菌和真菌的样本稀释曲线均呈急剧升高后逐渐趋于平缓的趋势,且测序覆盖度接近于1,说明对更多的序列进行检测只能产生较少的ASVs,表明样品测序深度合理,能够表征拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤中绝大多数的菌种信息。
由图2可知,低海拔根际细菌的共有属257个(图2A),根际真菌的共有属70个(图2C);高海拔根际细菌的共有属为197个(图2B),根际真菌共有属仅为45个(图2D),且低海拔根际微生物的种类均大于高海拔的,从整体来看,随海拔的上升呈下降趋势,这可能是由于高海拔温度低、紫外辐射强,部分微生物无法适应极端环境,导致其微生物种类减少。
从热图上看(图3),不同海拔梯度根际微生物也存在很大差异性,根际细菌在高海拔时(N3900-N4100),KD4-96、Subgroup_2及土杆菌属(Chthoniobacter)占据较高的丰度,在低海拔时(N3400-N3600),贪噬菌属(Variovorax)、出芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)均具有较高的占比(图3A)。根际真菌在高海拔时,占据较高丰度的菌属为蜡壳耳属(Sebacina)、丝盖伞属(Inocybe)、蜡蘑属(Laccaria),且蜡壳耳属为菌根真菌,与植物根系具有较强的互作关系,在低海拔时,红菇属(Russula)、腐质霉属(Humicola)及未定义的菌属Rhizophydiales_gen_Incertae_sedis在拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际微生物群落中占主要位置(图3B)。真菌热图的颜色分化比细菌更强烈,表明真菌对海拔变化更敏感,可能是由于真菌通过孢子传播,受环境湿度、温度的影响较大,导致其差异显著,而细菌则表现出较强的环境适应能力。
Shannon指数和Observed_species指数反映不同样本的物种多样性,Shannon指数表示样本的多样性,数值越大说明群落物种多样性越高;Observed_species指数表示样本丰富度,数值越大表明观测到的物种越多。由图4A可知,P值为0.160,说明根际细菌样本之间的Shannon多样性指数差异不显著(P>0.05)。各样本Shannon指数的总体分布较接近,但仍存在一定差异,特别是N3500波动最大,箱体高且存在离群值(outlier);N3600、N3900和N4100箱体较窄,但分布相对集中。Shannon指数从N3400到N4100总体呈先升后降的变化趋势,N3900达到最高,可能是适宜的环境条件(如养分、温湿度)促进了多种微生物的生长,从而提高了Shannon指数。由图4B可知,P值为0.049,说明根际真菌样本之间的Shannon多样性指数存在显著差异(P<0.05)。从N3400到N4100呈“M”趋势,相比细菌,其Shannon指数的分布较分散,特别是N3400、N4100组波动较大,箱体高且存在离群值(outlier)。
根际细菌各海拔的Shannon指数集中在9-11之间,多样性水平整体较高,根际真菌各海拔的Shannon指数集中在5-8之间,整体多样性水平低于细菌,且多样性随海拔显著变化。细菌群落的稳定性更强,而真菌群落的特化性更强,根际微环境的变化导致真菌多样性显著分化。综上所述,随着海拔的变化其根际微生物的多样性也发生差异,细菌的多样性大于真菌,且海拔对根际真菌多样性具有显著筛选作用。
由图4C可知,根际细菌各海拔的Observed_species指数集中在2 000-4 000之间,整体物种丰富度较高,不同海拔根际细菌的物种丰富度存在显著差异(P<0.05)。N4100的Observed_species指数显著低于其他组,但其Shannon指数却高于N3400和N3600,说明该样本的物种多样性较高,但由于海拔原因,一些微生物无法适应高寒气候环境,导致物种丰富度下降。N3900的丰富度较高且分布相对集中,N3500的离散程度较大,但中心值仍接近中间水平。根际真菌各海拔的Observed_species指数集中在400-800之间,整体物种丰富度远低于细菌,且不同海拔根际真菌的物种丰富度无显著差异(P>0.05)。从N3400到N4100其Observed_species指数呈上升趋势,但N3500组的波动较大,箱体高且存在离群值,表明组内样本丰富度差异显著,可能是采样过程中出现局部特殊生境的偶然采样,导致组内物种丰富度出现差异性(图4D)。
细菌Observed_species指数远高于真菌,根际细菌丰富度随海拔显著变化,对海拔较敏感,但真菌较稳定,在海拔变化下无显著差异。根际土壤中细菌类群数量多,在不同海拔微环境(如养分、pH)影响下,筛选出不同细菌类群,导致丰富度产生显著差异。高海拔的极端环境(低温、寡营养)对微生物的生存具有限制,细菌因物种丰富、部分类群可适应高海拔环境,最终丰富度表现出显著差异。真菌因物种数少、具有特有性,仅能在适应的海拔区间维持生存,因此丰富度在海拔变化下无显著差异。
使用Bray-Curtis距离矩阵主坐标分析(PCoA)对不同海拔梯度拟藿香叶绿绒蒿的土壤微生物群落整体进行分析(图5)。H与L的根际土壤细菌在第一主坐标上的差异解释率为21.1% (图5A),表明海拔高度能影响细菌的群落结构,N3400与N4100这2组远离其他组,且N3400偏正值端,N4100靠近PCo1的负值端,可能是由于环境因子(如pH、有机质、湿度、温度)的差异对微生物群落的选择性作用。N4000样本较为集中,说明该样本内群落组成较为一致。N3500样本点分布较分散,表明该样本内群落组成存在较大差异性,可能是样本采集原因导致该样本出现显著差异。
H与L的根际土壤真菌在第一主坐标上的差异解释率为13.7% (图5B),小于细菌,不同海拔的真菌群落样本呈现明显的聚类分隔。N3400主要集中在左侧,且远离其他组,说明该组群落结构与其他组具有显著差异,可能是低海拔环境筛选出大量嗜营养的微生物类群。N3500、N3900和N4100这3个样本距离较近且组内差异较大,可能是这3组存在一些适应性较强的优势真菌类群(如特定菌根真菌、腐生真菌),减少了群落结构的差异,在图中呈现出较近距离,且微环境存在局部差异,导致不同采样点的真菌群落组成差异显著。N3600和N4000聚集在最右侧,与其他组差异也较明显,可能是环境因子(如pH、水分等)的差异筛选出不同的真菌类群,导致群落结构发生变化。
由图6A可知,拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤细菌门丰度前10的物种主要为假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota) (34.86%-58.21%)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota) (6.51%-31.81%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota) (3.50%-19.38%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota) (5.56%-16.08%)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)(1.61%-5.71%)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexota)(1.22%-6.23%)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota) (1.97%-4.94%)、粘球菌门(Myxococcota)(0.33%-1.65%)及Patescibacteriota (0.37%-0.84%)和一个未被定义的细菌门。各海拔梯度中假单胞菌门的丰度均为最高,为最优势菌门,在低海拔时其占比最高,平均为(54.70%),在高海拔时相对较低(40.63%),随海拔的增加整体呈现出下降趋势,而酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门及放线菌门的相对丰度在不同海拔中也各不相同。在低海拔时,尤其是3 400 m的梯度下,酸杆菌门的占比最少,拟杆菌门的占比最多,而在4 100 m的海拔梯度下,酸杆菌门的占比最多,拟杆菌门的占比最少。这可能是酸杆菌门能抵御恶劣环境,耐低温及辐射,而拟杆菌门受环境影响较大,适合在低海拔区域生存。此外,放线菌门不论是在低海拔梯度还是高海拔梯度都有存在,推测此类微生物对于环境的抵抗力较强,耐低温的同时也能在低海拔梯度生存。同时,芽单胞菌门、绿屈挠菌门、疣微菌门、粘球菌门、Patescibacteriota等也在不同海拔中有不同占比的分布,使拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际细菌群落呈现出多样性及复杂性。
如图6B可知,根际土壤真菌门丰度前10的物种主要为子囊菌门(Ascomycota) (21.81%- 43.18%)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota) (2.97%- 37.45%)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota) (1.89%- 14.21%)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota) (0.66%- 7.01%)、罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota) (0.19%- 4.67%)、油壶菌门(Olpidiomycota)(0-1.09%)、球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)(0-0.40%)、毛霉门(Mucoromycota) (0-0.08%)、其他类群(Others) (24.12%-67.32%)及丰度较少的蛙粪霉门(Basidiobolomycota)和Aphelidiomycota。各海拔梯度中子囊菌门的丰度均为最高,为最优势菌门,其次为担子菌门,随海拔的上升整体呈现出下降趋势,被孢霉门及壶菌门的相对丰度在不同海拔样本中也各不相同,且随海拔上升整体呈波动减少的趋势。球囊菌门、毛霉门、蛙粪霉门、Aphelidiomycota等在不同海拔中分布均较少,在相对丰度前10的物种其相对丰度也小于1%。高海拔样本中Others的占比大于低海拔样本,各个门水平的丰度较少,可能是高海拔区域的极端环境所导致的。壶菌门在海拔N3500的样本中占据较大丰度,可能是N3500的样点采集于河谷地带,为壶菌门提供了适宜的水分环境,因此其具有较大占比。罗兹菌门在高海拔样本中占比较大,可能是此类真菌在高海拔低温、寡营养的胁迫下有助于提高植物对非生物胁迫的耐受性,利于植物的生长发育。
由图6C可得知,拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤细菌前10的属主要分布在沙雷氏菌属(Serratia) (0.37%-13.66%)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas) (0.62%-10.43%)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium) (0.24%-10.31%)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter) (0-7.38%)、土地杆菌属(Pedobacter) (0.38%- 4.19%)、芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas) (0.45%- 3.11%)、詹氏杆菌属(Janthinobacterium) (0-0.67%)等7个属,剩余3个属未被注释,共占比为0.70%-5.32%,其中未知的和未被定义的细菌占细菌序列的61.52%-85.31%。从整体来看,随着海拔梯度的增加,各菌属的丰度呈下降趋势,其中沙雷氏菌属和黄杆菌属的变化最为明显,在低海拔时沙雷氏菌属的丰度为9.53%,高海拔时为1.06%,下降了8.47%;黄杆菌属在低海拔其丰度为6.62%,高海拔为1.76%,下降4.86%。说明海拔对沙雷氏菌属、黄杆菌属2个菌属的定殖具有很大的影响。
由图6D可知,根际土壤真菌前10的属主要分布在红菇属(Russula) (0-31.49%)、Plectosphaerella (1.82%-6.17%)、Podila (0-8.94%)、Tetracladium (0.86%-4.88%)、蜡蘑属(Laccaria) (0-14.08%)、腐质霉属(Humicola) (0-5.82%)、蜡壳耳属(Sebacina) (0-8.20%)、丝盖伞属(Inocybe) (0-7.68%)、假裸囊菌属(Pseudogymnoascus) (0-1.96%)、Linnemannia (0-2.32%)。其中,红菇属只存在N3400海拔,可能是低海拔梯度的温湿度及富养条件适合其定殖生长。蜡壳耳属和丝盖伞属2个菌属只分布在3 900 m海拔,推测N3900的样点具有丰富植被类型,蜡壳耳属和丝盖伞属通过菌根共生获取共生植物养分,因此在该海拔区域占据较高丰度。蜡蘑属仅在4 100 m海拔分布,其对高海拔的强紫外线、低温等极端条件具有适应性,而其他菌群的适应性较弱,使其在竞争中占据优势地位。在海拔4 000 m时,其微生物种类及数量最少,可能是该海拔处于N3900向N4100的过渡带,生境特殊,在失去N3900特有菌属资源时又未形成N4100特有类群的优势,最终导致微生物种类和数量显著减少。
在科水平下,以0.05%为筛选标准对ASVs丰度进行分析构建共现网络,如图7所示,绿色的边表示正相关,反映本研究中细菌间呈现较强的正相关关系:高海拔条件下微生物群落的聚集程度更高,而低海拔环境中微生物群落分布相对分散。高海拔样本中(图7B),黄色杆菌科(Xanthobacteraceae)、出芽单胞菌科(Gemmatimonadaceae)、亚硝化单胞菌科(Nitrosomonadaceae)的类群间均为正相关,且节点连接度较高,推测它们在同一海拔生境中存在功能协同效应,可共同作用促进宿主植物的生长。低海拔样本中(图7A),丛毛单胞菌科(Comamonadaceae)、黄杆菌科(Flavobacteriaceae)、假单胞菌科(Pseudomonadaceae)、诺卡氏菌科(Nocardioidaceae)的类群间虽均为正相关,但整体连接度偏低,这与低海拔梯度更温和适宜的微生物生长气候环境特征相契合。相较于细菌群落,真菌的微生物群落整体分布更为分散。高海拔样本中(图7D),蜡盘菌科(Rutstroemiaceae)、须腹菌科(Rhizopogonaceae)、被孢霉科(Mortierellaceae)的类群间均为正相关,这类菌科的节点丰度显著高于其他菌科,是该网络的核心类群,推测其在土壤有机质分解、植物菌根共生等关键生态过程中发挥核心功能。低海拔样本中(图7C),黏毛菌科(Myxotrichaceae)和丛赤壳科(Nectriaceae)的类群间虽均为正相关,但连接度不高,类群间互作强度相对均匀,反映低海拔环境更适配这类菌科的独立定殖与生长。
由此可知,高海拔梯度的根际微生物共现网络结构更紧密、核心功能类群的地位更突出,极端环境下微生物倾向于通过协同互作实现共存;而低海拔梯度的共现网络结构更松散,适宜的生存环境下微生物多以独立生存的方式维持种群。海拔梯度与微生物类群共同塑造了根际群落的互作模式,且真菌类群对共生互作关系具有更强的依赖性。
从冗余分析结果可以看出(图8),在低海拔,根际细菌RDA1和RDA2二者共同解释了67.84%的总变异(total variation) (图8A),土壤理化性质中(表1),pH、速效磷(available phosphorus, AP)、有机质(organic matter, OM)的箭头较长,且与该排序方向的样本呈显著正相关,表明三者对微生物群落有显著的驱动作用,其中影响细菌群落组成及结构的关键因子为AP,pH的驱动作用次之。相比细菌,根际真菌RDA1和RDA2的总解释率仅为39.52% (图8C),低于细菌群落。土壤理化性质中,pH、AP、全氮(total nitrogen, TN)的箭头较长,且与该方向的样本呈显著正相关,表明AP和pH对微生物群落有显著的驱动作用,是影响拟藿香叶绿绒蒿土壤真菌群落的关键环境因素,与细菌群落的主导环境影响因子基本一致。
在高海拔中,根际细菌2个排序主轴总共解释了70.55%的总变异(图8B),模型解释力比低海拔细菌群落更高。土壤理化性质中土壤温度(soil temperature, ST)、电导率(electrical conductivity, EC)、土壤含水量(soil moisture content, SMC)、AP的箭头较长,且与样本的距离较近,说明它们对群落结构有较大的影响,其中影响拟藿香叶绿绒蒿土壤细菌群落组成的关键环境因素为ST和EC。真菌2个排序主轴的总解释率仅为35.16% (图8D),远低于细菌,说明土壤理化性质对细菌群落变异的整体解释力远强于真菌群落。土壤理化性质中EC、SMC的箭头较长,且与样本距离较近,表明影响高海拔拟藿香叶绿绒蒿土壤真菌群落特征的主要环境因子为EC和SMC。
由此可知,影响不同海拔梯度拟藿香叶绿绒蒿土壤微生物群落结构的主要驱动因子为pH、EC、AP、ST、SMC,其中对低海拔梯度微生物群落组成及结构产生主导影响的关键因素是pH、AP,而EC、ST、SMC则是驱动高海拔梯度微生物群落组成及结构变化的关键因素,随着海拔梯度变化,调控微生物群落的主导环境影响因子也发生相应转变。
本研究对不同海拔梯度拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤微生物的群落结构进行分析,研究结果显示:在门水平上,不同海拔梯度拟藿香叶绿绒蒿的根际土壤细菌群落主要由假单胞菌门及酸杆菌门组成。在氮素利用、病虫害防治及土壤修复等方面,假单胞菌门都发挥着重要作用[20]。假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)是最常见的具有促生和生防功能的微生物,本研究中在不同海拔梯度中假单胞菌门始终保持最优势菌门的地位。Guan等[21]研究发现假单胞菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门在高原高寒生态系统中为主要优势菌群,本研究结果与其一致。放线菌门和芽单胞菌门相对丰度随海拔上升呈增加趋势,海拔可能是导致其相对丰度上升的间接驱动因素。有研究发现芽单胞菌门可以在极端环境中生存,提高植物对碳的利用效率,加快宿主植物的生长速度[22]。酸杆菌门和绿屈挠菌门在低海拔的丰度相对较低,且随海拔的上升有增加趋势,而温度升高会导致酸杆菌门和绿屈挠菌门的种群数量大幅减少,同时降低其对碳源的利用效率[23]。这可能是海拔升高带来的温度变化间接调控2个菌门的分布,后续对拟藿香叶绿绒蒿进行人工栽培时可考虑施加酸杆菌门或绿屈挠菌门中的促生功能菌株,有益于其适应低海拔栽培环境。拟杆菌门的相对丰度随海拔的增加呈下降趋势,与酸杆菌门的相对丰度分布恰恰相反,推测可能是高海拔环境压力促使酸杆菌门种群扩张,酸杆菌门的菌群逐步替代拟杆菌门的部分生态功能[24]。
曹丽花等[25]在研究色季拉山不同海拔土壤真菌群落组成时发现,子囊菌门为真菌的优势菌门。Dong等[26]在探究青藏高原土壤细菌和真菌群落多样性时发现,真菌中占据最高丰度的菌门为子囊菌门。本研究中,根际真菌的最优势菌门同样为子囊菌门,与上述研究结果一致。子囊菌门大多数为腐生菌,对有机质的降解具有重要作用[27],且在各个海拔梯度中均有大量分布,表明其对拟藿香叶绿绒蒿的生长能产生有益作用。此外,本研究中土壤真菌优势菌门还包括担子菌门,这与姜雪薇等[28]、吴晓颖等[29]的研究结论一致。主要是这2类真菌在有机质分解和养分循环过程中具有不可替代的重要作用[30],可为拟藿香叶绿绒蒿的生长提供必需的养分需求。
不同海拔高度下,根际微生物群落多样性和组成存在显著差异[31]。在本研究中,拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤细菌和真菌的多样性均随海拔升高总体呈先升后降趋势;真菌的丰富度随海拔的升高总体呈上升趋势,细菌的丰富度随海拔升高也逐步增加,但在海拔4 100 m时出现急剧减少。有研究发现土壤微生物多样性随海拔的升高呈现出下降趋势[32-33],本研究结果与其不完全一致。孙媛媛等[34]在研究色季拉山不同深度土壤真菌多样性时发现,在表层土壤中,真菌丰富度及多样性均随海拔升高而显著降低;在底层土壤中,多样性则表现出先升高后降低的趋势。本研究结果与其底层土壤变化趋势较为一致,可能是样本采集的土壤深度不同所引起的差异。黄顺满等[3]研究发现,随着海拔的增加,全缘叶绿绒蒿土壤细菌群落的多样性和丰富度呈现递增的趋势。而本研究中二者在高海拔时均有所下降,可能是由于拟藿香叶绿绒蒿与全缘叶绿绒蒿的生境不同导致的,拟藿香叶绿绒蒿多分布在半阴偏湿润的环境,全缘叶绿绒蒿则位于海拔更高的干旱强光区域,大部分生长在流石滩生境中。
袁春玲等[35]研究发现,无论是细菌还是真菌,高海拔生境中的ASVs数量是最少的,在本研究中,无论是拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际细菌还是真菌,低海拔的微生物种类数量均大于高海拔,与其研究结果一致。此外在研究中还发现,细菌的丰富度和多样性均大于真菌,可能是真菌群落多样性对环境变化更加敏感[36],从而导致真菌的丰富度和多样性小于细菌。已有研究表明,土壤中的细菌微生物类群数量最多,其种群数量和物种丰富度均远高于真菌[37-38]。
综上所述,海拔对土壤微生物的群落结构产生影响,通过高通量测序数据分析发现,拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤中微生物的多样性指数随海拔的增加呈现出先增后减的趋势,表明海拔的变化,会影响拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤中微生物的物种多样化程度。周潇等[39]研究发现,随海拔的变化雪茄烟叶中的细菌群落组成及相对丰度都有所不同,且在中低海拔时,其群落多样性和丰富度均达到最高,推测可能是中低海拔更有利于提供支撑微生物多样性发展的适宜环境,本研究结果与其相似。
有研究表明,海拔梯度并不直接影响土壤微生物群落组成及多样性,主要是通过调控土壤温度、养分、气候、空间等因素驱动土壤理化性质变化,进而影响微生物群落结构特征[40-41]。土壤理化性质能直接或间接影响土壤微生物群落[42],同时也会影响植物的正常生长发育。本研究通过关联性分析发现,土壤理化性质中pH、EC、AP、ST、SMC是影响不同海拔梯度拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤微生物群落的主要驱动因子,其中土壤pH对群落结构的影响最大,可能是由于土壤pH能够改变微生物对养分的利用率、区系构成、代谢活性及种间互作关系,从而对微生物多样性产生影响[43-44]。Bryant等[6]发现土壤pH是影响微生物在不同海拔分布特征的重要因素。秦浩等[45]研究指出,pH是影响不同海拔土壤细菌群落组成和多样性的关键因子。字洪标等[46]对不同林分土壤微生物群落特征进行研究,发现土壤pH和含水量是影响微生物群落的主要因子,本研究结果与上述研究一致。此外,植物生长发育所必需的N、P、K等元素,其转化和利用率同样也受到土壤pH的调控,进而间接影响细菌群落的结构[47]。除pH影响因素之外,土壤含水量也是影响微生物活性的重要因子之一[48],而在Duan等[33]的研究中发现,电导率是影响微生物多样性的关键因子,因此对微生物多样性产生影响的因子并不是单一的。
本研究中不同的生境条件下影响微生物群落分布的环境因子也有所不同,不论是pH、电导率还是土壤含水量均是影响微生物多样性的关键因素,此外,速效磷及土壤温度也在群落构建过程中发挥重要作用。
本研究表明,海拔显著影响拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际微生物的物种组成与群落分布,随着海拔的升高,根际微生物共有属种类呈递减趋势,多样性随海拔升高整体呈先升后降趋势,丰富度整体呈增加趋势,但细菌在最高海拔时其丰富度骤降;根际土壤细菌中最优势菌门为假单胞菌门,土壤真菌中子囊菌门为最优势菌门,其相对丰度均随海拔的增加整体呈下降趋势。此外,海拔对真菌群落结构的塑造作用比细菌更加显著,在高海拔梯度,微生物的共现网络更紧密、核心功能类群的地位更突出,低海拔梯度时共现网络结构则较松散;pH、电导率、速效磷、土壤温度及土壤含水量是驱动不同海拔梯度拟藿香叶绿绒蒿根际土壤微生物群落结构差异的主要环境因子。
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2026年第66卷第10期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260124
  • 接收时间:2026-02-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-13
  • 出版时间:2026-10-04
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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-09
  • 录用日期:2026-04-22
基金
Project for Cultivation and Demonstration of 10 Wild Understory Resources(LZLCJ603324061)
10种野生林下资源培育与示范(LZLCJ603324061)
Construction and Comprehensive Service Capacity Improvement of the Science and Technology Courtyard for Plateau-Characteristic Animal Husbandry and Agriculture(XK2024-01)
高原特色农牧科技小院建设及综合服务能力提升项目(XK2024-01)
高原特色农牧科技小院建设及综合服务能力提升项目(XK2024-04)
高原特色农牧科技小院建设及综合服务能力提升项目(YJSJD2025-6)
Establishment of the Doctoral Program in Forestry at Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University (Phase I)(533325001)
西藏农牧大学林学博士点项目(一期)(533325001)
作者信息
    1.西藏农牧大学 林草学院,西藏 林芝
    2.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,北京
    3.西藏农牧大学 植物科学学院,西藏 林芝

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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