Article(id=1316714455040377486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1316714454184739470, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260172, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1772467200000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1774454400000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineDate=1791858789452, onlineDateStr=2026-10-13, pubDate=1791043200000, pubDateStr=2026-10-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791858789452, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791858789452, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791858789452, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1316714454184739470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='10', pageStart='4661', pageEnd='5310', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1791043200000', pubDateStr='2026-10-04', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791858789249, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791885400527, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1316826070066774161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1316714454184739470, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1316826070066774162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1316714454184739470, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4679, endPage=4693, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1316714455313007247, articleId=1316714455040377486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Research progress in quantitative monitoring and risk assessment of pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water, columnId=1192149543727808575, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The health risks posed by pathogenic microbial contamination in drinking water are becoming increasingly apparent. Following exposure to pathogens via water, the human body may experience reactions ranging from infection and illness to death. However, the current Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749—2022) primarily rely on indicator microorganisms to evaluate water quality, lacking precise targets for pathogen control and load levels, which makes it difficult to accurately assess the actual hazards posed by microorganisms in drinking water. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between the intake dose of pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water and the risk of human infection is of great significance for safeguarding public health. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) can be employed to evaluate the health risks posed by pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. It is currently combined with high-throughput molecular technologies such as real-time quantitative PCR, digital quantitative PCR, metagenomics, and metaviromics, overcoming the limitations of conventional culture-based methods in identifying pathogenic hazards and demonstrating significant advantages in pathogen hazard identification and multidimensional traceability. This paper reviews the research progress in the quantitative monitoring and risk assessment of pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. On the basis of the distribution patterns and quantitative detection of pathogenic microorganisms, QMRA is employed to conduct risk prediction, screen high-risk pathogens, and identify critical control points, and thus a systematic approach for precise prevention and control and full-chain governance is ultimately established. This approach integrates multi-omics technologies, big data analysis, and health impact assessment, achieving a transition in water quality safety management from reactive response to proactive prevention and providing robust scientific support for ensuring drinking water safety and the health of vulnerable populations.

, authors=Yunchu SHEN^{1, 2}, Ling CHEN², Qingping WU², Qihui GU^{2, *}, Xinyu ZHAO^{3, *}, authorsList=Yunchu SHEN, Ling CHEN, Qingping WU, Qihui GU, Xinyu ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qihui GU, Xinyu ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1316714456730682006, articleId=1316714455040377486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=饮用水中病原微生物的定量监测和风险评估研究进展, columnId=1192149543882997826, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

饮用水病原微生物污染带来的健康风险日益凸显。病原微生物经水途径暴露后，人体的反应可能有感染、致病、死亡等。然而，现行《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2022)主要依赖指示菌评价水质，缺乏精准的病原微生物防控对象和负载量，难以准确评估饮用水中微生物的实际危害。因此，明确饮用水中病原微生物的摄入剂量与人体感染风险之间的关系对保障公共卫生安全具有重要意义。定量微生物风险评估(quantitative microbial risk assessment, QMRA)可用于评估饮用水中病原微生物的健康风险，目前已与实时荧光定量PCR、数字荧光定量PCR、宏基因组和宏病毒组等高通量分子技术联用，突破了传统培养法识别病原微生物危害的局限，在病原微生物危害识别与多维溯源中展现出显著优势。本文综述了饮用水中病原微生物的定量监测和风险评估研究进展，以病原微生物的赋存规律与定量检测为基础，结合QMRA进一步开展风险预测、高风险病原筛查与关键控制点识别，最终建立起精准防控与全链条治理的系统方案。该方案交叉融合多组学技术、大数据分析与健康效应评估，实现了水质安全管理由“被动应对”向“主动预防”的跨越，为保障饮用水安全及易感人群健康提供了有力的科学支撑。

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Discussion on the application of improved method for water quality concentration prediction in Taizi River[J]. 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714455040377486, language=CN, label=图3, caption=未来饮用水微生物安全治理体系框架, figureFileSmall=foe3j4VnrKU/s4+gRmlqzg==, figureFileBig=GYz0oJCi+Y6IgcX3k9MZ6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316829713675441030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714455040377486, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Microbiological monitoring techniques for drinking water

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Method	Testing features	References
Traditional cultivation methods	Standardized for regulatory and routine monitoring, low-cost and easy to use, but prone to false negatives, with long testing cycles and results highly susceptible to processing variables	[27-28,30]
dPCR and viability-qPCR	dPCR allows absolute quantification with strong anti-interference, suitable for low-concentration samples. Viability-qPCR and ci-qPCR distinguish live and dead cells and viral activity, indicating infectivity. However, equipment is costly, conditions need optimization, and differentiation may be incomplete	[5-6]
High-throughput sequencing and metagenomics	Comprehensive analysis of microbial communities, functional genes and pathogens. Very high cost; hard to link activity with infection risk; difficult to meet regulatory standards	[29,33,35-36,49]
Online flow cytometry and ATP monitoring	Online, rapid monitoring of total and intact cells and biological activity. Thresholds and classification are subjective; alignment with regulations unclear	[7,38-39]
Portable and novel biosensors	Fast, portable, suitable for on-site use; aptamer sensors allow sensitive quantification of target bacteria. Lacks on-site reference materials and quality control; mostly at prototype stage with few standardized applications	[8,42-45,50]

), ArticleFig(id=1316829713738355591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1316714455040377486, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

饮用水微生物监测技术

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Method	Testing features	References
Traditional cultivation methods	Standardized for regulatory and routine monitoring, low-cost and easy to use, but prone to false negatives, with long testing cycles and results highly susceptible to processing variables	[27-28,30]
dPCR and viability-qPCR	dPCR allows absolute quantification with strong anti-interference, suitable for low-concentration samples. Viability-qPCR and ci-qPCR distinguish live and dead cells and viral activity, indicating infectivity. However, equipment is costly, conditions need optimization, and differentiation may be incomplete	[5-6]
High-throughput sequencing and metagenomics	Comprehensive analysis of microbial communities, functional genes and pathogens. Very high cost; hard to link activity with infection risk; difficult to meet regulatory standards	[29,33,35-36,49]
Online flow cytometry and ATP monitoring	Online, rapid monitoring of total and intact cells and biological activity. Thresholds and classification are subjective; alignment with regulations unclear	[7,38-39]
Portable and novel biosensors	Fast, portable, suitable for on-site use; aptamer sensors allow sensitive quantification of target bacteria. Lacks on-site reference materials and quality control; mostly at prototype stage with few standardized applications	[8,42-45,50]

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