Article(id=1304366275988312508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1304366133864321404, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260137, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1770998400000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1775664000000, acceptedDateStr=2026-04-09, onlineDate=1788914754148, onlineDateStr=2026-09-09, pubDate=1788451200000, pubDateStr=2026-09-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788914754148, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788914754148, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788914754148, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304366133864321404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='9', pageStart='4291', pageEnd='4651', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788451200000', pubDateStr='2026-09-04', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1788914720263, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788914779113, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1304366380803974113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1304366133864321404, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1304366380803974114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1304366133864321404, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4638, endPage=4651, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304366276248359357, articleId=1304366275988312508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Efficient synthesis of glycolic acid from ethylene glycol by whole-cell biocatalysis, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To address the low yield and conversion rate in the biosynthesis of glycolic acid, we developed a whole-cell catalytic system with ethylene glycol as the substrate to obtain a strain with a high yield of glycolic acid and an efficient biosynthesis process. [Methods] With ethylene glycol as the substrate, wild-type strains were screened for their glycolic acid synthetic performance. The catalytic conditions of the optimal strain were systematically optimized to enhance the whole-cell catalytic efficiency in the production of glycolic acid. Ultraviolet mutagenesis combined with a glycolic acid biosensor-based high-throughput screening was employed to isolate high-yield strains, which were further validated in a 5-L fermenter. [Results] Pichia kudriavzevii GX-01 was successfully screened out, which could grow on glucose and produce glycolic acid from ethylene glycol via whole-cell catalysis. The whole-cell catalytic conditions were optimized by single-factor experiments as a catalytic temperature of 30 ℃, supplementation with 0.50 g MgCO3 to adjust the system pH after 6 h of reaction, a loading volume of 50 mL in a 250-mL flask, an initial glucose concentration of 25 g/L, and an initial ethylene glycol concentration of 20 g/L. Under these conditions, the glycolic acid titer in shake flasks reached 19.30 g/L after 96 h of catalysis, and the strain showed favorable tolerance to glycolic acid. A positive mutant strain P. kudriavzevii GSUV-7 was obtained through UV mutagenesis and high-throughput screening, whose glycolic acid productivity was 2.90-fold higher than that of the original strain. In a 5-L fermenter, P. kudriavzevii GSUV-7 produced 117.60 g/L of glycolic acid after 106 h of catalysis, with a 100% conversion rate. [Conclusion] This study successfully obtains a mutant strain P. kudriavzevii GSUV-7 with a high yield of glycolic acid, providing strain resources and new insights for the research on biosynthesis of glycolic acid.

, authors=Feifei CHEN1, 2, Mengting LIU1, 2, Ye CHEN1, 2, Meng WANG3, Guohui LI1, 2, *, Yu DENG1, 2, *, authorsList=Feifei CHEN, Mengting LIU, Ye CHEN, Meng WANG, Guohui LI, Yu DENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guohui LI, Yu DENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: LI Guohui,
DENG Yu,
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【目的】针对乙醇酸生物法合成产量和转化率较低的问题,开发以乙二醇为底物的全细胞催化体系,获得乙醇酸高产菌株和高效的生物合成工艺。【方法】以乙二醇为底物,针对野生型菌株开展乙醇酸合成性能筛选;系统优化最优菌株的催化条件,提升乙醇酸的全细胞催化效率;采用紫外诱变结合乙醇酸生物传感器的高通量筛选方法选育高产菌株,并在5-L发酵罐中完成放大验证。【结果】成功筛选获得一株可利用葡萄糖生长、以乙二醇为底物通过全细胞催化合成乙醇酸的库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母;经单因素试验优化确定其全细胞催化最优条件:催化温度30 ℃,反应6 h后添加0.50 g MgCO3调节体系pH,250 mL体系中装液量为50 mL,初始糖浓度为25 g/L,乙二醇初始浓度为20 g/L。在此条件下摇瓶催化96 h后乙醇酸产量达19.30 g/L,且该菌株对乙醇酸具有良好耐受性;通过紫外诱变结合高通量筛选获得正突变菌株GSUV-7,其乙醇酸生产强度较原始菌株提高2.90倍,在5-L发酵罐中催化106 h后,菌株GSUV-7的乙醇酸产量为117.60 g/L,转化率达100%。【结论】本研究成功获得高产乙醇酸的库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母突变株,为乙醇酸生物合成研究提供了菌株资源与新思路。

, authors=陈菲菲1, 2, 刘梦婷1, 2, 陈烨1, 2, 王蒙3, 李国辉1, 2, *, 邓禹1, 2, *, authorsList=陈菲菲, 刘梦婷, 陈烨, 王蒙, 李国辉, 邓禹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李国辉, 邓禹, authorNote=

作者贡献声明

陈菲菲:研究构思与设计,论文撰写和修改;刘梦婷:样品采集与处理;陈烨:数据收集;王蒙:数据处理;李国辉:研究指导与文章审阅;邓禹:研究构思与指导。

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Metabolic Engineering, 2019, 56: 1-16., articleTitle=The emergence of adaptive laboratory evolution as an efficient tool for biological discovery and industrial biotechnology, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1304389089080406017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, awardId=2025-Technological Breakthrough-Agricultural Cooperative-3, language=EN, fundingSource=the Hohhot Science and Technology Breakthrough Project Unveiling and Leading Project(2025-Technological Breakthrough-Agricultural Cooperative-3), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1304389080217842611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304389080234619828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, companyId=1304389080217842611, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304389080243008437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, companyId=1304389080217842611, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.江南大学,工业生物技术教育部重点实验室,江苏 无锡)]), AuthorCompany(id=1304389080356254646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304389080364643255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, companyId=1304389080356254646, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304389080377226168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, companyId=1304389080356254646, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.江南大学 生物工程学院,江苏 无锡)]), AuthorCompany(id=1304389080465306553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304389080473695162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, companyId=1304389080465306553, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Sinopec (Dalian) Petrochemical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Dalian, Liaoning, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304389080490472379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, companyId=1304389080465306553, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中石化(大连)石油化工研究院有限公司,辽宁 大连)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1304389085905318892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Whole-cell catalysis of ethylene glycol to glycolic acid., figureFileSmall=CEHl6n5LYjcZ6+wSlDNqHg==, figureFileBig=Z7DkzF9vVbCYrff2OumosA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389085972427757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=CN, label=图1, caption=全细胞催化乙二醇合成乙醇酸, figureFileSmall=CEHl6n5LYjcZ6+wSlDNqHg==, figureFileBig=Z7DkzF9vVbCYrff2OumosA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389086073091054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Performance comparison of different strains in whole-cell catalysis of ethylene glycol to glycolic acid. A: Glycolic acid yield of different strains; B: Residual ethylene glycol content of different strains., figureFileSmall=kUrhdKh1uVxGTMwx0y0ltQ==, figureFileBig=N+e99giJqwS9OjPYwERWSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389086127617007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同菌株全细胞催化乙二醇合成乙醇酸的性能对比, figureFileSmall=kUrhdKh1uVxGTMwx0y0ltQ==, figureFileBig=N+e99giJqwS9OjPYwERWSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389086190531568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effect of MgCO3 addition time on glycolic acid production and residual ethylene glycol levels. A: Effect of MgCO3 addition at different fermentation times on glycolic acid production; B: Effect of MgCO3 addition at different fermentation times on residual ethylene glycol levels. CK (control group) was set without the addition of MgCO3 for comparison., figureFileSmall=rfoQ+kyIbUDu4Ngwt87xcQ==, figureFileBig=Vl6ehDXSeLlm9Si1feHdmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389086253446129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同发酵时间添加MgCO3 对乙醇酸产量及乙二醇残余量的影响, figureFileSmall=rfoQ+kyIbUDu4Ngwt87xcQ==, figureFileBig=Vl6ehDXSeLlm9Si1feHdmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389086312166386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effect of cultivation temperature on glycolic acid production and residual ethylene glycol levels. A: Glycolic acid production at different cultivation temperatures; B: Residual ethylene glycol levels at different cultivation temperatures., figureFileSmall=0OFr49sPmG9/BP4rFSj3dQ==, figureFileBig=As1vEBnbmL6v65fBhXInoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389086400246771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=CN, label=图4, caption=菌体培养温度对乙醇酸产量及乙二醇残余量的影响, figureFileSmall=0OFr49sPmG9/BP4rFSj3dQ==, figureFileBig=As1vEBnbmL6v65fBhXInoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389086467355636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Effect of liquid loading volume on glycolic acid production and residual ethylene glycol levels. A: Glycolic acid production at different liquid loading volumes; B: Residual ethylene glycol levels at different liquid loading volumes., figureFileSmall=Naoz7UhOqOtX7NzCucnb9Q==, figureFileBig=/gL852vlquZeVxQtZdqt8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389086538658805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=CN, label=图5, caption=装液量对乙醇酸产量及乙二醇残余量的影响, figureFileSmall=Naoz7UhOqOtX7NzCucnb9Q==, figureFileBig=/gL852vlquZeVxQtZdqt8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389086614156278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Effect of initial sugar concentration on glycolic acid production and residual ethylene glycol levels. A: Glycolic acid production at different initial sugar concentrations; B: Residual ethylene glycol levels at different initial sugar concentrations., figureFileSmall=7Nv7pzVeHnyENjG6VL8opQ==, figureFileBig=uB99LObXEdP12tOPa91MZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389086681265143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=CN, label=图6, caption=初始糖浓度对乙醇酸产量及乙二醇残余量的影响, figureFileSmall=7Nv7pzVeHnyENjG6VL8opQ==, figureFileBig=uB99LObXEdP12tOPa91MZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389086744179704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Effects of different substrate concentrations on glycolic acid production and yield., figureFileSmall=cAb1fJ3fP5+ifcjomfKaiA==, figureFileBig=+lO0X+O1UMJJVJxzPIbL4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389086807094265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同底物浓度对乙醇酸产量及得率的影响, figureFileSmall=cAb1fJ3fP5+ifcjomfKaiA==, figureFileBig=+lO0X+O1UMJJVJxzPIbL4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389086865814522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Growth curves of Pichia kudriavzevii GX-01 under different concentrations of glycolic acid., figureFileSmall=yBOwiCEvNVimk84Yo98mbw==, figureFileBig=p/z4r0SgOqcH0p3Pj12Bgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389086987449339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同乙醇酸浓度下 Pichia kudriavzevii GX-01菌株的生长曲线, figureFileSmall=yBOwiCEvNVimk84Yo98mbw==, figureFileBig=p/z4r0SgOqcH0p3Pj12Bgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389087050363900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=High-throughput screening of high-yield glycolic acid-producing strains. A: Fluorescence intensity of microplate fermentation supernatant; B: Glycolic acid yield of the mutant strain., figureFileSmall=1AYUayB4gkNynjBQbfL1Nw==, figureFileBig=6kSDL6sMz03Iosk7uTawOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389087109084157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=CN, label=图9, caption=高通量筛选乙醇酸高产菌株, figureFileSmall=1AYUayB4gkNynjBQbfL1Nw==, figureFileBig=6kSDL6sMz03Iosk7uTawOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389087159415806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=Glycolic acid production curve of Pichia kudriavzevii GSUV-7 in 5-L bioreactor., figureFileSmall=+T2Cn/53xc3ByY2feXddug==, figureFileBig=+w0iHgrBU29Fyqzw+7Stuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389087230718975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=CN, label=图10, caption=Pichia kudriavzevii GSUV-7 5-L发酵罐生产乙醇酸过程曲线, figureFileSmall=+T2Cn/53xc3ByY2feXddug==, figureFileBig=+w0iHgrBU29Fyqzw+7Stuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304389087297827840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Strains used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsPropertiesSources
Gluconobacter oxydansWild type (CGMCC 1.565)Lab preserved
Gluconobacter thailandicusWild type (CGMCC 1.637)Lab preserved
Paracoccus denitrificans DYTN-1Wild type (CGMCC 24637)Lab preserved
Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK2Wild type (EUROSCARF 30000A)Lab preserved
Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741Wild type (ATCC 201388)Lab preserved
Kluyveromyces marxianus 5160Wild type (ATCC 36534)Lab preserved
Candida utilis 4332Wild type (ATCC 9950)Lab preserved
Pichia kudriavzevii GX-01Wild type (CICIM Y7150)Lab preserved
Pichia pastoris GS115Wild type (ATCC 20864)Lab preserved
Escherichia coli MglyC-GP6MG1655(DE3) ΔglcC carrying pGBS-P ffs -sfgfp, for high-throughput screening of glycolic acid producing strains[12]
Pichia kudriavzevii GSUV-7P. kudriavzevii GX-01 UV mutagenic strain (CICIM Y7151)This study
), ArticleFig(id=1304389087360741376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1304366275988312508, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所使用的菌株

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsPropertiesSources
Gluconobacter oxydansWild type (CGMCC 1.565)Lab preserved
Gluconobacter thailandicusWild type (CGMCC 1.637)Lab preserved
Paracoccus denitrificans DYTN-1Wild type (CGMCC 24637)Lab preserved
Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK2Wild type (EUROSCARF 30000A)Lab preserved
Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741Wild type (ATCC 201388)Lab preserved
Kluyveromyces marxianus 5160Wild type (ATCC 36534)Lab preserved
Candida utilis 4332Wild type (ATCC 9950)Lab preserved
Pichia kudriavzevii GX-01Wild type (CICIM Y7150)Lab preserved
Pichia pastoris GS115Wild type (ATCC 20864)Lab preserved
Escherichia coli MglyC-GP6MG1655(DE3) ΔglcC carrying pGBS-P ffs -sfgfp, for high-throughput screening of glycolic acid producing strains[12]
Pichia kudriavzevii GSUV-7P. kudriavzevii GX-01 UV mutagenic strain (CICIM Y7151)This study
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基于乙二醇全细胞催化的乙醇酸高效合成
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陈菲菲 1, 2 , 刘梦婷 1, 2 , 陈烨 1, 2 , 王蒙 3 , 李国辉 1, 2, * , 邓禹 1, 2, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(9): 4638-4651
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微生物学报 |研究报告 2026 , 66 (9) : 4638 -4651
基于乙二醇全细胞催化的乙醇酸高效合成
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陈菲菲1, 2, 刘梦婷1, 2, 陈烨1, 2, 王蒙3, 李国辉1, 2, * , 邓禹1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.江南大学,工业生物技术教育部重点实验室,江苏 无锡
  • 2.江南大学 生物工程学院,江苏 无锡
  • 3.中石化(大连)石油化工研究院有限公司,辽宁 大连
通讯作者:
李国辉, 邓禹
作者简介:

作者贡献声明

陈菲菲:研究构思与设计,论文撰写和修改;刘梦婷:样品采集与处理;陈烨:数据收集;王蒙:数据处理;李国辉:研究指导与文章审阅;邓禹:研究构思与指导。

Efficient synthesis of glycolic acid from ethylene glycol by whole-cell biocatalysis
Feifei CHEN1, 2, Mengting LIU1, 2, Ye CHEN1, 2, Meng WANG3, Guohui LI1, 2, * , Yu DENG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
  • 2.School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
  • 3.Sinopec (Dalian) Petrochemical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Dalian, Liaoning, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    *E-mail: LI Guohui,
出版时间: 2026-09-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260137
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【目的】针对乙醇酸生物法合成产量和转化率较低的问题,开发以乙二醇为底物的全细胞催化体系,获得乙醇酸高产菌株和高效的生物合成工艺。【方法】以乙二醇为底物,针对野生型菌株开展乙醇酸合成性能筛选;系统优化最优菌株的催化条件,提升乙醇酸的全细胞催化效率;采用紫外诱变结合乙醇酸生物传感器的高通量筛选方法选育高产菌株,并在5-L发酵罐中完成放大验证。【结果】成功筛选获得一株可利用葡萄糖生长、以乙二醇为底物通过全细胞催化合成乙醇酸的库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母;经单因素试验优化确定其全细胞催化最优条件:催化温度30 ℃,反应6 h后添加0.50 g MgCO3调节体系pH,250 mL体系中装液量为50 mL,初始糖浓度为25 g/L,乙二醇初始浓度为20 g/L。在此条件下摇瓶催化96 h后乙醇酸产量达19.30 g/L,且该菌株对乙醇酸具有良好耐受性;通过紫外诱变结合高通量筛选获得正突变菌株GSUV-7,其乙醇酸生产强度较原始菌株提高2.90倍,在5-L发酵罐中催化106 h后,菌株GSUV-7的乙醇酸产量为117.60 g/L,转化率达100%。【结论】本研究成功获得高产乙醇酸的库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母突变株,为乙醇酸生物合成研究提供了菌株资源与新思路。

乙醇酸  /  乙二醇  /  库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母  /  紫外诱变  /  高通量筛选

[Objective] To address the low yield and conversion rate in the biosynthesis of glycolic acid, we developed a whole-cell catalytic system with ethylene glycol as the substrate to obtain a strain with a high yield of glycolic acid and an efficient biosynthesis process. [Methods] With ethylene glycol as the substrate, wild-type strains were screened for their glycolic acid synthetic performance. The catalytic conditions of the optimal strain were systematically optimized to enhance the whole-cell catalytic efficiency in the production of glycolic acid. Ultraviolet mutagenesis combined with a glycolic acid biosensor-based high-throughput screening was employed to isolate high-yield strains, which were further validated in a 5-L fermenter. [Results] Pichia kudriavzevii GX-01 was successfully screened out, which could grow on glucose and produce glycolic acid from ethylene glycol via whole-cell catalysis. The whole-cell catalytic conditions were optimized by single-factor experiments as a catalytic temperature of 30 ℃, supplementation with 0.50 g MgCO3 to adjust the system pH after 6 h of reaction, a loading volume of 50 mL in a 250-mL flask, an initial glucose concentration of 25 g/L, and an initial ethylene glycol concentration of 20 g/L. Under these conditions, the glycolic acid titer in shake flasks reached 19.30 g/L after 96 h of catalysis, and the strain showed favorable tolerance to glycolic acid. A positive mutant strain P. kudriavzevii GSUV-7 was obtained through UV mutagenesis and high-throughput screening, whose glycolic acid productivity was 2.90-fold higher than that of the original strain. In a 5-L fermenter, P. kudriavzevii GSUV-7 produced 117.60 g/L of glycolic acid after 106 h of catalysis, with a 100% conversion rate. [Conclusion] This study successfully obtains a mutant strain P. kudriavzevii GSUV-7 with a high yield of glycolic acid, providing strain resources and new insights for the research on biosynthesis of glycolic acid.

glycolic acid  /  ethylene glycol  /  Pichia kudriavzevii  /  ultraviolet mutagenesis  /  high-throughput screening
陈菲菲, 刘梦婷, 陈烨, 王蒙, 李国辉, 邓禹. 基于乙二醇全细胞催化的乙醇酸高效合成. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (9) : 4638 -4651 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260137
Feifei CHEN, Mengting LIU, Ye CHEN, Meng WANG, Guohui LI, Yu DENG. Efficient synthesis of glycolic acid from ethylene glycol by whole-cell biocatalysis[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (9) : 4638 -4651 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260137
作为最简单的α-羟基酸,乙醇酸同时含有羟基和羧基两类关键活泼官能团[1],可参与多种类型的化学反应,目前主要应用于化妆品行业及聚乙醇酸等可降解材料合成领域[2-3]。乙醇酸工业制备目前以化学法为主,主流技术为羟基乙腈水解法和草酸二甲酯水解法[4-8]。其中羟基乙腈水解法的原料剧毒,环保处理压力较大[4];而草酸二甲酯水解法中原料、中间产物与终产物乙醇酸的沸点相近,难以分离,大幅提升了生产成本[4,7]。综上所述,传统化学合成方法在可持续性和经济性方面存在显著局限,生物合成法则凭借绿色环保、条件温和、产物选择性高等优势,近年来成为乙醇酸合成领域的研究热点[2,9-17]
目前,乙醇酸生物合成相关研究已在多种微生物底盘中广泛开展,主要聚焦于两大技术方向:以葡萄糖为原料的从头合成路线,以及以乙二醇为底物的全细胞催化路线。在从头合成方向,现有研究均以大肠杆菌为底盘菌株。Xu等[12]与胡成杰等[13]基于乙醇酸生物传感器开展多基因途径优化,通过系统基因编辑与代谢调控改造,以葡萄糖为原料实现乙醇酸产量40.90 g/L,转化率66%。Yu等[2]通过乙酸与葡萄糖的协同利用,将乙醇酸产量提升至73.30 g/L,转化率60%。在全细胞催化方向(图1),Wei等[14]以氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌为底盘,利用静息细胞催化乙二醇转化,分批发酵乙醇酸产量达70.20 g/L,转化率86.70%;Messina等[16]以解脂耶氏酵母为底盘,通过乙酸共利用提升乙二醇利用率,乙醇酸产量达48.40 g/L,转化率73%;鲍青青等[17]以红酵母为底盘,采用葡萄糖供给菌体生长、乙二醇作为合成底物的策略,乙醇酸产量和转化率分别为61.10 g/L和84.30%。然而现有研究仍存在明显局限:从头合成路线普遍存在碳利用率低、代谢路径较长等问题;已报道的全细胞催化路线整体产量和转化率虽处于较高水平,但仍有进一步提升空间,且部分研究依赖昂贵的山梨醇等原料,增加了工业化应用的成本。
针对上述问题,本研究开展野生菌株筛选,成功获得一株可利用葡萄糖为碳源、高效催化乙二醇转化为乙醇酸的库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母(Pichia kudriavzevii) GX-01;随后对其全细胞催化条件进行系统优化,确定最佳反应参数;进一步以紫外诱变作为改造手段,搭配乙醇酸生物传感器建立高通量筛选体系,最终实现高产乙醇酸突变株的高效选育。
本研究所用菌株信息见表1
LB培养基(g/L):NaCl 10.0,胰蛋白胨10.0,酵母粉5.0。YPD培养基(g/L):葡萄糖20.0,胰蛋白胨20.0,酵母粉10.0。YPD优化培养基(g/L):葡萄糖25.0,胰蛋白胨20.0,酵母粉10.0。山梨醇培养基(g/L):山梨醇73.00,酵母粉18.40,(NH4)2SO4 1.50,KH2PO4 1.52,MgSO4 0.47。M9培养基(g/L):Na2HPO4 6.78,KH2PO4 3.00,NH4Cl 1.00,NaCl 0.50,MgSO4 0.24,CaCl2 0.01,培养基灭菌后补加终浓度为8.00 g/L的葡萄糖。葡萄糖酸杆菌专用固体培养基(g/L):葡萄糖10.0,蛋白胨5.0,酵母提取物3.0,碳酸钙5.0,琼脂15.0。
LB固体培养基、YPD固体培养基、YPD优化固体培养基均在对应液体培养基的基础上添加15.0 g/L琼脂制备得到。
取出保存于-80 ℃的甘油保藏菌种,分别在对应固体培养基上划线活化。大肠杆菌采用LB固体培养基,pH自然,置于37 ℃恒温培养箱中培养18-24 h;酵母菌及脱氮副球菌采用YPD固体培养基,pH自然,置于30 ℃恒温培养箱中培养48 h;葡萄糖酸杆菌采用专用固体培养基,预先将体系pH调至6.0-6.5,其中添加的碳酸钙可中和菌株代谢产生的有机酸[14-15],维持培养基pH稳定,置于30 ℃培养72 h,直至各平板上长出形态均一、边缘清晰的单菌落。
挑取活化后的单菌落,接种至对应的液体培养基中;酵母菌、葡萄糖酸杆菌和脱氮副球菌于30 ℃、250 r/min培养,其中酵母菌培养48 h,葡萄糖酸杆菌、脱氮副球菌培养24 h,之后向体系中加入终浓度20 g/L的乙二醇开展全细胞催化反应。采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对各时间点样品中的乙醇酸产量进行定量检测。
将筛选获得的库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母单菌落接种至装有50 mL YPD培养基的250 mL摇瓶中,将摇瓶置于30 ℃、250 r/min培养48 h。培养结束后,向体系中加入终浓度20 g/L的乙二醇。分别在催化反应进行至0、6、12、24、30、36、48 h时添加0.50 g MgCO₃,调节反应体系的pH值,之后继续催化反应至96 h。发酵过程中每隔24 h取样1次,采用HPLC法测定乙醇酸的产量。
将筛选获得的库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母单菌落接种至装有50 mL YPD培养基的250 mL摇瓶中,分别设置25、30、33、37 ℃共4个培养温度梯度,以250 r/min培养48 h。之后向培养体系中加入终浓度20 g/L的乙二醇,在前期优化的操作基础上开展催化反应至96 h。发酵过程中每隔24 h取样1次,采用HPLC法测定乙醇酸的产量。
将库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母单菌落分别接种至装有25、50、75、100 mL YPD培养基的250 mL摇瓶中,在30 ℃、250 r/min培养48 h后,向体系中加入终浓度20 g/L的乙二醇,在前期优化的操作基础上开展催化反应至96 h。发酵过程中每隔24 h取样1次,采用HPLC法测定乙醇酸的产量。
将库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母单菌落分别接种至装有50 mL YPD培养基的250 mL摇瓶中,培养基的初始葡萄糖浓度分别设置为0、5、10、15、20、25、30、40、50 g/L。在30 ℃、250 r/min培养48 h后,向培养体系中加入终浓度20 g/L的乙二醇,在前期优化的操作基础上开展催化反应至96 h。发酵过程中每隔24 h取样1次,采用HPLC法测定乙醇酸的产量。
将库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母单菌落分别接种至装有50 mL YPD优化培养基的250 mL摇瓶中,在30 ℃、250 r/min培养48 h后,向体系中加入终浓度分别为5、10、15、20、30、40、50、60、80、100 g/L的乙二醇,在前期优化条件基础上开展催化反应至96 h。发酵过程中每隔24 h取样1次,采用HPLC法测定乙醇酸的产量。
将库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母单菌落接种至装有50 mL YPD优化培养基的250 mL摇瓶中,在30 ℃、250 r/min培养48 h制备种子液。之后按4%的接种量将菌液分别转接至含0、10、20、40、60、80、90、100、110 g/L乙醇酸的YPD优化培养基中,所有培养基的pH预先统一调节至6.80,以未添加乙醇酸的培养体系作为空白对照。培养过程中定时取样,测定菌液在600 nm波长处的吸光度(OD600),并据此绘制菌株的生长曲线。
生物传感器具备将代谢物浓度转化为荧光强度、细胞生长速率等可视化信号的能力,目前已广泛应用于微生物的高通量筛选领域[18]。本实验室前期构建了一种乙醇酸生物传感器pGBS-P ffs -sfgfp,其宿主为敲除自身glcC基因的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) MglyC (避免内源性干扰),核心组件包括组成型表达的转录因子GlcC (可与乙醇酸特异性结合的变构蛋白),含上游激活序列(UAS)的启动子P glcD 及报告基因sfgfp,工作时GlcC与体系中的乙醇酸结合后发生构象改变[15]进而与P glcD 上游的UAS序列结合,激活sfgfp表达。乙醇酸生物传感器的检测范围覆盖0.1-200 mmol/L乙醇酸,荧光强度与乙醇酸浓度呈良好线性相关(相关系数达0.93),且仅特异性响应乙醇酸,不受乙二醇(发酵底物)及YPD培养基的干扰。
将库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母于30 ℃、250 r/min培养至OD600=0.6,取10 μL菌悬液均匀涂布于无菌金属载片上,在暗室中进行不同时长的紫外照射处理,照射梯度设置为0-60 s,未进行紫外照射的菌液体系作为空白对照[17,19]。诱变处理完成后,将载片转移至盛有990 μL无菌生理盐水的离心管中,用锡纸完全包裹避光振荡5 min洗脱菌体,将洗脱后的菌液进行梯度稀释,涂布于YPD优化固体培养基上,置于30 ℃培养48 h。挑取诱变后生长得到的库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母单菌落,接种至含1 mL YPD优化培养基的48孔板中,在30 ℃、250 r/min培养48 h后,向孔内添加终浓度20 g/L的乙二醇继续发酵48 h;以该体系发酵产生的含乙醇酸上清液作为诱导物,将其加入携带乙醇酸生物传感器的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) MglyC-GP6反应体系中,通过检测体系荧光信号强度实现乙醇酸高产突变株的高通量筛选。具体操作流程为:将大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) MglyC-GP6菌株用M9培养基于37 ℃、250 r/min培养至OD600=0.60-0.80,以200 μL/孔的分装量转移至96孔板中备用。将48孔板中培养完成的菌液于4 ℃、4 000 r/min离心5 min,取20 μL库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母的发酵上清加入上述96孔板中诱导荧光蛋白表达[11],在30 ℃、250 r/min诱导8 h后,同步检测体系的荧光强度与OD600值,筛选得到高荧光强度的目标菌株,将其接种至含50 mL YPD优化培养基的摇瓶中,在30 ℃、250 r/min培养48 h,添加终浓度20 g/L的乙二醇开展催化反应48 h后,采用HPLC法定量检测乙醇酸产量,最终筛选得到性能最优的突变株开展后续最适催化条件验证。
挑取乙醇酸高产菌株的单菌落,接种至100 mL YPD优化培养基中,在30 ℃、250 r/min培养48 h制备一级种子液。随后将种子液按4%的接种量转接至装有2.40 L YPD优化培养基的5 L发酵罐中开展扩大培养,体系总容积为2.50 L;全程控制通气量为2.50 vvm,维持培养温度30 ℃,搅拌转速设定为600 r/min。通过调整葡萄糖流加速率,保证各培养时段体系残糖含量≤5 g/L;待菌株进入生长稳定期且体系内葡萄糖完全消耗后,向发酵体系中一次性加入终浓度20 g/L的乙二醇,进入全细胞催化乙二醇合成乙醇酸的反应阶段。通过HPLC法实时检测罐内乙二醇残留浓度,动态调整乙二醇流加速率,将体系内乙二醇残留浓度稳定控制在10-20 g/L,同时利用氨水(NH3·H2O) 将体系pH调节并维持在5.50。
取适量发酵液样品,用10 mmol/L H2SO4溶液稀释20倍后,于4 ℃、8 000 r/min离心2 min,再经0.22 μm水相滤膜过滤,制备得到待测液用于高效液相色谱分析。色谱检测条件参照文献[17],其中采用紫外检测器完成乙醇酸的定量检测,采用示差折光检测器完成乙二醇的定量测定。
吸取100 μL培养后的菌液样品,转移至底部透明的黑色96孔板中,加入等体积无菌水进行稀释后开展荧光信号检测,设定激发波长为485 nm、发射波长为528 nm[16,19],同步测定样品在600 nm波长处的吸光度值(OD600)。
对实验室保藏的9株菌株开展乙二醇转化为乙醇酸的性能评价,以筛选获得高效合成乙醇酸的出发菌株,结果如图2所示。暹罗葡萄糖杆菌(Gluconobacter thailandicus)、氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌(Gluconobacter oxydans)、马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus) 5160、产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis) 4332、库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母(Pichia kudriavzevii) GX-01及毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris) GS115均具备一定的乙醇酸合成能力,发酵96 h乙醇酸产量分别为6.32、5.20、4.94、5.50、9.32、5.71 g/L;其中库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母GX-01的乙醇酸合成水平(9.32 g/L)约为其余受试菌株的1.7-1.9倍。此外,该菌株生长阶段以葡萄糖为碳源,无需采用葡萄糖酸杆菌依赖的成本较高的山梨醇[14]作为生长底物,因此可作为后续实验的出发菌株。
随着底物乙二醇的持续消耗,产物乙醇酸不断积累,反应体系pH会出现快速下降。过低的pH环境会显著抑制库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母的细胞活性,甚至导致其关键催化酶失活[20]。因此,本研究首先探究不同时间点(0、6、12、24、30、36、48 h)添加0.50 g MgCO3对乙醇酸合成过程的影响。实验结果如图3A3B所示,乙醇酸产量随发酵时间呈累积增长趋势。与未添加MgCO3的对照组相比,外源添加MgCO3可通过中和反应将酸性体系回调至菌株适宜的工作pH范围(5.50-6.50),进而显著提升乙醇酸产量。其中,催化反应启动后6 h添加0.50 g MgCO3,发酵96 h时乙醇酸产量达到峰值15.20 g/L,较未添加MgCO3的对照组提升55.10%;当MgCO3添加时间晚于24 h时,乙醇酸产量出现明显下降,由此确定MgCO3的最佳添加时间为催化反应启动后6 h。
在微生物发酵体系中温度是调控反应进程的核心参数之一,其不仅直接影响菌体生长状态,还可通过调控酶活性、代谢途径分布,进而对全细胞催化过程产生显著作用[21]。因此,在前期优化基础上,本研究进一步考察不同培养温度(25、30、33、37 ℃)对乙醇酸催化合成过程的影响。如图4A4B所示,不同温度条件下,乙醇酸产量随温度升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势。30 ℃条件下,乙醇酸产量在24-48 h区间内显著提升,由9.50 g/L升高至13.30 g/L;与此同时,乙二醇残余量由12.60 g/L下降至9.70 g/L,底物消耗量与产物生成量呈现明确的对应关系,表明该温度下菌株可高效催化乙二醇转化生成乙醇酸,最终乙醇酸最高产量可达15.70 g/L;当温度升高至37 ℃时,乙醇酸产量则出现显著下降。其原因可能为温度过低会明显抑制菌体生长速率,温度过高则不利于菌体正常代谢与关键产酶过程[20],进而阻碍乙二醇向乙醇酸的定向转化。因此,确定该全细胞催化过程的最适菌体培养温度为30 ℃。
全细胞催化乙二醇合成乙醇酸的过程属于需氧氧化反应[17,22],对体系内氧气的持续供应具有较高依赖性。为此,在前期优化基础上,本研究通过调控250 mL摇瓶中的装液量(25、50、75、100 mL),探究发酵过程中溶解氧水平对乙醇酸催化合成过程的影响。如图5A5B所示,250 mL摇瓶体系中乙醇酸的积累量与装液量呈显著负相关。随着装液量的逐步增加,乙醇酸的积累量持续下降。其中,装液量为25 mL时体系中乙醇酸最高产量可达17.90 g/L,装液量增至50 mL时乙醇酸产量为17.40 g/L;当装液量高于50 mL时,摇瓶内发酵液的气液接触面积大幅减小,直接导致体系溶氧水平显著下降[13],乙醇酸产量随之明显降低。考虑到装液量过低会导致发酵液蒸发浓缩效应显著,对后续催化过程的稳定性造成干扰,最终确定250 mL摇瓶体系的最佳装液量为50 mL。
酵母菌的正常生长和代谢活动依赖糖类作为主要碳源和能量来源[21]。当糖浓度不足时细胞增殖会受到明显抑制,代谢活性下降,进而影响关键酶系统的表达与功能,最终降低产物合成效率[16]。因此,在前期优化基础上,本研究探究不同初始糖浓度对库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母催化效能的影响。如图6A6B所示,随着初始糖浓度的升高,乙醇酸产量呈现先上升后下降的趋势。当初始葡萄糖浓度为25 g/L时,发酵96 h乙醇酸产量达19.30 g/L,转化率为85.20%,较未添加葡萄糖的对照组转化率提升113%;当糖浓度超过25 g/L时,残留葡萄糖引发的分解代谢阻遏效应会显著抑制菌株对乙二醇的转化利用。据此确定25 g/L为该体系适宜的初始糖浓度。
在全细胞催化体系中,底物浓度是调控产物生成过程的关键参数。在已优化的催化体系基础上,本研究进一步考察初始乙二醇浓度(5、10、15、20、30、40、50、60、80、100 g/L)对库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母催化效能的影响。如图7所示,乙醇酸积累量及底物转化率随底物浓度的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势。当初始乙二醇浓度处于0-20 g/L区间时,底物均可被菌株完全消耗;其中当乙二醇浓度为20 g/L时,催化96 h乙醇酸产量达19.30 g/L;当初始乙二醇浓度高于20 g/L时,高浓度底物会对菌株产生显著的渗透压胁迫,破坏细胞膜的通透性及稳定性[23],最终表现为乙醇酸的转化率显著降低。据此确定20 g/L为该催化体系中乙二醇的最优初始浓度。综上所述,P. kudriavzevii GX-01菌株全细胞催化的最佳反应参数为:催化温度30 ℃,反应6 h后添加0.50 g MgCO3调节体系pH,250 mL摇瓶体系中装液量为50 mL,初始糖浓度为25 g/L,乙二醇初始浓度为20 g/L。
全细胞催化工艺从摇瓶放大至发酵罐的过程中,菌株对乙醇酸的耐受性是决定放大成功率的核心因素之一[16]。为明确该菌株的乙醇酸耐受极限,向库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母种子液中添加不同浓度的外源乙醇酸,在培养过程中定期测定体系OD600值,完成菌株的乙醇酸耐受性评估。如图8所示,在设定的乙醇酸浓度梯度范围内,菌体的OD600值随乙醇酸浓度升高呈梯度递减趋势。乙醇酸属于典型的α-羟基酸,高浓度下会直接导致体系pH显著下降;当外源乙醇酸浓度升至110 g/L时,整个培养周期内菌体生物量较空白对照组仅降低25%,表明该菌株对高浓度乙醇酸具备优异的耐受性能,完全可支撑后续发酵罐规模的放大生产。
紫外诱变可产生大量随机突变,而传统HPLC检测方法通量低、周期长,难以从诱变文库中快速筛选得到乙醇酸高产菌株。本研究利用实验室前期构建并验证的乙醇酸特异性生物传感器pGBS-P ffs -sfgfp[12,17]开展高通量筛选,库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母发酵上清中的乙醇酸进入传感器菌株后,可与转录因子GlcC特异性结合并引发构象改变,进而结合启动子P glcD 的上游激活序列驱动报告基因sfgfp表达,产生可定量检测的绿色荧光信号,反应8 h后通过单细胞荧光信号强度快速表征突变株的乙醇酸合成能力,实现了高产菌株的快速筛选。通过紫外诱变结合乙醇酸生物传感器,本研究共完成494个库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母单克隆菌落的高通量筛选(图9A),从中选取荧光强度最高的21个菌落开展摇瓶复筛。摇瓶发酵结果如图9B所示,7号突变株催化48 h的乙醇酸产量可达18.20 g/L,相较于野生型菌株,其乙醇酸生产强度提升2.90倍。因此后续实验选定该7号菌株作为核心乙醇酸发酵菌株,命名为P. kudriavzevii GSUV-7;经验证,该突变株的全细胞催化条件与原始菌株完全匹配,可直接应用于5-L发酵罐的乙醇酸规模化生产。
整个发酵过程可划分为菌体增殖阶段(0-48 h)与全细胞催化阶段(48-168 h),结果如图10所示。发酵初期以菌体高密度增殖为目标,以葡萄糖为唯一碳源,通过梯度流加策略维持体系残糖≤5 g/L,驱动菌株快速生长。培养42 h后菌株进入生长稳定期,48 h时体系内葡萄糖完全消耗,菌体OD600达157,此时一次性补加20 g/L乙二醇;后续通过实时HPLC检测并调控底物流加速度,将体系内乙二醇浓度稳定控制在10-20 g/L。60 h体系进入乙醇酸快速积累期,68-128 h阶段乙醇酸生产强度最高达1.20 g/(L·h);154 h时(累计催化106 h)乙醇酸产量达峰值117.60 g/L,累计消耗乙二醇95.90 g/L,乙二醇转化率达100%,全程平均生产强度达1.11 g/(L·h),无明显副产物积累,实现了底物的完全定向转化。与已报道的同类催化体系相比,本研究所得乙醇酸产量处于现有报道的最高水平,且全程无需依赖昂贵的山梨醇作为碳源[14,24],为乙醇酸的低成本生物合成研究提供了高性能菌株资源与全新工艺思路。
乙醇酸作为同时带有羟基与羧基的α-羟基酸,是生物可降解高分子材料聚乙醇酸的核心单体,在日化、医药、新材料领域具有广泛应用价值,开发其高效、低成本的生物合成技术是推动可降解材料产业规模化、可持续发展的关键核心[9]。目前乙醇酸生物合成领域,大肠杆菌是从头合成路线的主流模式底盘,其遗传操作体系成熟、途径构建灵活,已实现以葡萄糖等为原料的乙醇酸高效合成[10-13],但存在乙醇酸耐受性差、副产物易积累的工业化应用短板[12-13];氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌具备较强的醇类氧化能力,但菌体生长依赖山梨醇等昂贵多元醇碳源,原料成本居高不下[14,24],且菌体稳定性差,规模化培养过程中易发生活性衰退。相比而言,酵母类底盘一方面胁迫耐受性较高,另一方面可直接利用葡萄糖完成菌体生长,具备显著的工业化应用优势。本研究首次将库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母应用于乙醇酸的全细胞催化合成,相较于已报道的红酵母和解脂耶氏酵母体系,本研究菌株的乙醇酸产量和底物转化率均实现大幅提升,性能显著优于现有同类催化体系[14,16-17],不仅为乙醇酸的工业化生物合成提供了高性能菌株资源与高效工艺路线,也为其他羟基酸类底物的全细胞催化转化提供了可参考的研究范式。
自然界中可催化底物定向转化的微生物资源十分丰富,但多数非模式微生物因缺乏成熟的基因编辑体系与代谢调控工具,难以直接开展精准分子改造,其工业化应用潜力始终未被充分挖掘,已成为制约微生物催化领域发展的重要瓶颈。紫外诱变是定向改良非模式菌株的高效手段,尤其适用于库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母这类尚未建立成熟基因编辑系统的菌株改造。本研究在紫外诱变基础上,结合实验室前期构建的乙醇酸特异性生物传感器开展高通量筛选,相较于高效液相色谱等传统检测方法,该生物传感器可将乙醇酸浓度直接转化为可视化的荧光信号,大幅提升筛选通量、缩短筛选周期。本研究通过该高通量筛选体系成功获得正突变菌株P. kudriavzevii GSUV-7,其在5-L发酵罐中乙醇酸产量达117.60 g/L、乙二醇转化率达100%,为非模式工业微生物的挖掘与改造提供了重要的方法学支持与实践借鉴。
尽管本研究已成功构建高效乙醇酸合成体系,但从工业化生产的核心需求(低成本、高稳定性、过程可调控)来看,该体系仍存在进一步优化空间。为持续提升菌株的乙醇酸生产效能,基于现有研究基础,后续可从以下3个维度开展深入研究。(1)降低发酵原料成本:发酵总成本中培养基占比通常高达30%-50%,当前所用葡萄糖虽较山梨醇具备成本优势,但仍有进一步降本潜力,后续可聚焦廉价碳源与氮源的开发利用[25],优先筛选农业废弃物(如秸秆水解液、甘蔗渣糖化液、玉米浆)作为替代原料[26]。(2)通过适应性进化提升菌株综合性能:乙醇酸的强酸性特性会导致发酵体系pH持续下降,生产过程中需频繁补加氨水维持pH在5.5-6.5的适宜区间,不仅增加碱液消耗成本,还可能因局部pH剧烈波动抑制菌体活性[27],后续可采用梯度胁迫驯化的适应性进化策略,定向筛选乙醇酸高耐受突变株[28]。(3)深入解析催化分子机制:目前关于库德里亚维茨毕赤酵母催化合成乙醇酸的具体代谢机制尚不明确,需结合转录组学与代谢组学技术,系统解析乙醇酸合成的关键代谢通路及核心调控基因[17];在此基础上,将相关功能通路在其他模式菌株中实现异源表达,利用基因工程技术明确其功能,优化胞内代谢流分配,同时结合蛋白质工程改造关键酶的催化活性与稳定性,最终实现乙醇酸产量的进一步跃升。
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2026年第66卷第9期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260137
  • 接收时间:2026-02-14
  • 首发时间:2026-09-09
  • 出版时间:2026-09-04
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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-14
  • 录用日期:2026-04-09
基金
the Hohhot Science and Technology Breakthrough Project Unveiling and Leading Project(2025-Technological Breakthrough-Agricultural Cooperative-3)
作者信息
    1.江南大学,工业生物技术教育部重点实验室,江苏 无锡
    2.江南大学 生物工程学院,江苏 无锡
    3.中石化(大连)石油化工研究院有限公司,辽宁 大连

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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