Article(id=1297571172204438247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1297570992835023717, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260095, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1769702400000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1773158400000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-11, onlineDate=1787294675159, onlineDateStr=2026-08-21, pubDate=1785772800000, pubDateStr=2026-08-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1787294675159, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1787294675159, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1787294675159, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1297570992835023717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='8', pageStart='3681', pageEnd='4288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785772800000', pubDateStr='2026-08-04', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1787294632395, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1787294931551, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1297572247670124783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1297570992835023717, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1297572247670124784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1297570992835023717, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3809, endPage=3823, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1297571172405764840, articleId=1297571172204438247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Computed screening and characterization of genomic neutral sites in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To address the scarcity of neutral sites in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 caused by high G+C content and short intergenic sequences, we established a computer-aided screening platform to identify and characterize efficient neutral sites suitable for heterologous gene integration, aiming to provide key component support for constructing high-performance cell factories. [Methods] A computational screening platform CgNSFinder was constructed to screen candidate neutral sites by integrating heuristic rules such as genomic annotation, neighborhood characteristics, length, and G+C content. The candidate sites were systematically characterized in terms of integration efficiency, cell adaptability, expression intensity, and stability through reporter gene mKate knock-in experiments. We integrated the amylase gene, lycopene synthesis gene cluster, and key L-lysine synthesis genes into the screened sites to verify their heterologous expression ability and application efficiency. [Results] A total of 96 candidate neutral sites were screened out, from which 24 efficient sites were confirmed by experimental characterization. Among them, 19 sites had an integration efficiency greater than 50%, and 22 sites had a fluorescence expression intensity within the range of 2 400-3 500 a.u. The NS3 site showed the best performance, and the lycopene titer reached 48.4 mg/L after multi-copy integration. The L-lysine-producing strain D301 constructed based on the screened sites achieved a titer of 49.51 g/L, a yield of 14.25 g/g, and a productivity of 1.53 g/(L·h) in a 5-L fermenter. [Conclusion] The established neutral site screening method is efficient and feasible. The screened neutral sites are characterized by high integration efficiency, low host interference, and stable expression. This study provides an important tool for metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum.

, authors=Qing DING1, Haitian LIN3, Qi SHENG2, Ming HUANG2, Zhenglian XUE1, Xinyu ZHAO2, Zhaohong DENG3, Liming LIU1, 2, authorsList=Qing DING, Haitian LIN, Qi SHENG, Ming HUANG, Zhenglian XUE, Xinyu ZHAO, Zhaohong DENG, Liming LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liming LIU, authorNote=

These authors contributed equally to this work.

, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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【目的】 针对谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum) ATCC13032基因组G+C含量高、间隔序列短导致中性位点(neutral site, NS)资源匮乏的问题,建立计算机辅助筛选平台,筛选并表征适用于异源基因整合的高效中性位点,为构建高效细胞工厂提供关键元件支撑。 【方法】 构建计算机筛选平台CgNSFinder,结合基因组注释、邻域特征、区域长度及G+C含量等启发式规则筛选候选中性位点;通过报告基因mKate敲入实验,从整合效率、细胞适应性、表达强度及稳定性等方面系统表征候选位点;将淀粉酶基因、番茄红素合成基因簇及L-赖氨酸合成关键基因整合至筛选位点,验证其异源表达能力及应用效能。 【结果】 筛选获得96个候选中性位点,经实验表征确定24个高效位点,其中19个位点整合效率大于50%,22个位点荧光表达强度在2 400-3 500 a.u.之间;NS3位点表现最优,多拷贝整合后番茄红素产量达48.4 mg/L;基于筛选位点构建的L-赖氨酸生产菌株D301在5 L发酵罐中产量为49.51 g/L,转化率14.25 g/g,生产强度1.53 g/(L·h)。 【结论】 本研究建立的中性位点筛选方法高效可行,筛选获得的中性位点兼具高整合效率、低宿主干扰及稳定表达特性,为谷氨酸棒杆菌代谢工程改造提供了重要工具。

, authors=丁晴1, 林海天3, 盛琦2, 黄铭2, 薛正莲1, 赵欣雨2, 邓赵红3, 刘立明1, 2, authorsList=丁晴, 林海天, 盛琦, 黄铭, 薛正莲, 赵欣雨, 邓赵红, 刘立明, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘立明, authorNote=

作者贡献声明

丁晴:研究构思、实验设计、实验执行、数据采集与分析、论文初稿撰写;林海天:数据处理,统计分析,生物信息学分析、论文审阅;盛琦:指导实验、审核方案、监督研究进展;黄铭:实验验证、结果验证;薛正莲:方案审核、指导实验;赵欣雨:实验执行、调研、数据采集;邓赵红:项目管理、协调;刘立明:研究指导、方案审核、论文修订与定稿、项目管理与经费获取。

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FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2022, 369(1): fnac081., articleTitle=Expanding the neutral sites for integrated gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1297571181805200198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, awardId=U25A20618, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(U25A20618), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1297571182002332487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, awardId=U25A20618, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(U25A20618), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1297571175882842872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1297571175887037177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, companyId=1297571175882842872, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1297571175895425786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, companyId=1297571175882842872, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.安徽工程大学 生物与食品工程学院,安徽省工业微生物分子育种工程实验室,安徽 芜湖)]), AuthorCompany(id=1297571175987700475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1297571175991894780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, companyId=1297571175987700475, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1297571176000283389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, companyId=1297571175987700475, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.江南大学 生物工程学院,工业生物技术教育部重点实验室,江苏 无锡)]), AuthorCompany(id=1297571176084169470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1297571176092558079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, companyId=1297571176084169470, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Engineering Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1297571176100946688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, companyId=1297571176084169470, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.江南大学 人工智能与计算机学院,教育部工程中心,江苏 无锡)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1297571180496577332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Screening workflow of neutral sites in Corynebacterium glutamicum based on computational platform., figureFileSmall=XwDzUsDNAm+wBxOHKyWUfw==, figureFileBig=GTUqjp/LoecZcsjR7DBcHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571180576269109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于计算机平台的谷氨酸棒杆菌中性位点的筛选流程, figureFileSmall=XwDzUsDNAm+wBxOHKyWUfw==, figureFileBig=GTUqjp/LoecZcsjR7DBcHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571180777595703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Genomic distribution of candidate neutral sites and schematic diagram of knock-in strain construction. A: Schematic diagram of reporter gene expression cassette; B: Genomic distribution of 24 candidate neutral sites; C: Double exchange positive rate of candidate neutral sites (n=3, SEM/SD); D: Relative fluorescence intensity of reporter gene expression at different candidate neutral sites in Corynebacterium glutamicum (n=3, SEM/SD); E: Maximum bacterial concentration (OD600) of knock-in strains and wild-type strain (n=3, SEM/SD)., figureFileSmall=8qje5SJFJFpmZ9yw+hWMBA==, figureFileBig=RkfoDmD0SQByTpVo2cTDXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571180840510264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=CN, label=图2, caption=候选中性位点的基因组分布及敲入菌株构建示意图, figureFileSmall=8qje5SJFJFpmZ9yw+hWMBA==, figureFileBig=RkfoDmD0SQByTpVo2cTDXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571180924396345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effects of genomic architecture on the expression activity of reporter gene at neutral sites and bacterial growth rate. A: Specific fluorescence intensity of candidate neutral locus knock-in strains treated with different concentrations of novobiocin (22 h) (n=3, SEM/SD); B: Fold change in specific fluorescence intensity of candidate neutral locus knock-in strains cultured with different concentrations of novobiocin (22 h); C: Growth rate of candidate neutral locus knock-in strains under different novobiocin concentration culture conditions (22 h) (n=3, SEM/SD)., figureFileSmall=dkVCBJswD/95SfTLC22DIA==, figureFileBig=PYT0AVa5DwFMCnk5I8PfFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571180991505210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基因组结构对中性位点报告基因的表达强度及生长速率的影响, figureFileSmall=dkVCBJswD/95SfTLC22DIA==, figureFileBig=PYT0AVa5DwFMCnk5I8PfFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571181050225467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Metabolic stress modulates reporter gene expression activity and growth rate at neutral integration sites. A: Fluorescence expression intensity of strains with reporter gene knock-in at candidate neutral sites following introduction of the burden plasmid pECXK-99E (n=3, SEM/SD); B: Fold change and percentage change in fluorescence intensity of the above strains cultured with the burden plasmid pECXK-99E (n=3, SEM/SD); C: Growth rates of the above strains in the blank control group and the plasmid-introduced group (n=3, SEM/SD)., figureFileSmall=ZmEKvRKJMauz/Ls6Q5cNhA==, figureFileBig=ww20W81Vvqg0TvwofUJtiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571181125722940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=CN, label=图4, caption=代谢压力对中性位点报告基因的表达活性及生长速率的影响, figureFileSmall=ZmEKvRKJMauz/Ls6Q5cNhA==, figureFileBig=ww20W81Vvqg0TvwofUJtiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571181188637501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Effects of different carbon sources on the expression activity and growth rate of neutral site-knockin strains. A: Specific fluorescence intensity of candidate neutral site-knockin strains cultured under different carbon source conditions (22 h) (n=3, SEM/SD); B: Relative percentage of specific fluorescence intensity normalized with sucrose and sorbitol as carbon sources, with the specific fluorescence intensity of candidate neutral site-knockin strains using glucose as carbon source set as 100% (n=3, SEM/SD); C: Growth rate of candidate neutral site-knockin strains cultured under different carbon source conditions (22 h) (n=3, SEM/SD)., figureFileSmall=gpmV6zzYv9VmCpqh4wB2+g==, figureFileBig=pZg2HxLtHPNm7LU9zYM9Ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571181251552063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同碳源对中性位点敲入菌株的表达活性及生长速率的影响, figureFileSmall=gpmV6zzYv9VmCpqh4wB2+g==, figureFileBig=pZg2HxLtHPNm7LU9zYM9Ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571181335438144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Functional gene expression and gene capacity test at neutral sites. A: Expression of amylase gene knocked in at neutral sites with different copy numbers; B: Expression of lycopene synthesis gene cluster knocked in at neutral sites with different copy numbers., figureFileSmall=zTGdK4krNNFfdvEI54Xufw==, figureFileBig=D24ixcEgWaqXBjWhbtgFNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571181406741313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=CN, label=图6, caption=中性位点功能基因表达情况及基因容量测试, figureFileSmall=zTGdK4krNNFfdvEI54Xufw==, figureFileBig=D24ixcEgWaqXBjWhbtgFNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571181482238786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Construction of Corynebacterium glutamicum L-lysine cell factory. A: Metabolic pathway diagram of L-lysine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum; B: Schematic diagram of L-lysine-producing strain construction; C: Lysine production data from 5 L fermenter fermentation., figureFileSmall=53OL1d6xQKAbPl/liIl1Lg==, figureFileBig=wPJM80NN11mYwH6hWJnjew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571181561930563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=CN, label=图7, caption=谷氨酸棒杆菌L-赖氨酸细胞工厂的构建, figureFileSmall=53OL1d6xQKAbPl/liIl1Lg==, figureFileBig=wPJM80NN11mYwH6hWJnjew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571181629039428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Experimental characterization of candidate neutral site information (n=3, SEM/SD)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Neutral siteSerial numberIntegration efficiency/%Fluorescence signal intensity/a.u.
CGL RS15570NS183.332 828±79
CGL RS01760NS258.333 416±59
CGL RS03085NS388.899 921±117
CGL RS06795NS469.442 675±126
CGL RS07375NS563.892 592±90
CGL RS08395NS661.113 594±152
CGL RS08425NS772.222 627±141
CGL RS08555NS830.563 023±22
CGL RS08770NS961.113 032±209
CGL RS08775NS1058.333 286±190
CGL RS08920NS1186.112 579±98
CGL RS08965NS1291.672 506±41
CGL RS09045NS1372.222 478±163
CGL RS09110NS1458.332 991±101
CGL RS15680NS1547.222 570±56
CGL RS09215NS1638.892 353±139
CGL RS09220NS1777.782 635±26
CGL RS09255NS1847.222 269±86
CGL RS09260NS1936.112 464±23
CGL RS10525NS2050.002 765±77
CGL RS11375NS2155.562 710±86
CGL RS12030NS2261.112 389±32
CGL RS12035NS2369.442 989±91
CGL RS13560NS2475.003 257±63
), ArticleFig(id=1297571181704536901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571172204438247, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验表征候选中性位点信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Neutral siteSerial numberIntegration efficiency/%Fluorescence signal intensity/a.u.
CGL RS15570NS183.332 828±79
CGL RS01760NS258.333 416±59
CGL RS03085NS388.899 921±117
CGL RS06795NS469.442 675±126
CGL RS07375NS563.892 592±90
CGL RS08395NS661.113 594±152
CGL RS08425NS772.222 627±141
CGL RS08555NS830.563 023±22
CGL RS08770NS961.113 032±209
CGL RS08775NS1058.333 286±190
CGL RS08920NS1186.112 579±98
CGL RS08965NS1291.672 506±41
CGL RS09045NS1372.222 478±163
CGL RS09110NS1458.332 991±101
CGL RS15680NS1547.222 570±56
CGL RS09215NS1638.892 353±139
CGL RS09220NS1777.782 635±26
CGL RS09255NS1847.222 269±86
CGL RS09260NS1936.112 464±23
CGL RS10525NS2050.002 765±77
CGL RS11375NS2155.562 710±86
CGL RS12030NS2261.112 389±32
CGL RS12035NS2369.442 989±91
CGL RS13560NS2475.003 257±63
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谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCC13032基因组中性位点的计算机筛选及表征
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丁晴 1 , 林海天 3 , 盛琦 2 , 黄铭 2 , 薛正莲 1 , 赵欣雨 2 , 邓赵红 3 , 刘立明 1, 2
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(8): 3809-3823
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微生物学报 |研究报告 2026 , 66 (8) : 3809 -3823
谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCC13032基因组中性位点的计算机筛选及表征
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丁晴1, 林海天3, 盛琦2, 黄铭2, 薛正莲1, 赵欣雨2, 邓赵红3, 刘立明1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.安徽工程大学 生物与食品工程学院,安徽省工业微生物分子育种工程实验室,安徽 芜湖
  • 2.江南大学 生物工程学院,工业生物技术教育部重点实验室,江苏 无锡
  • 3.江南大学 人工智能与计算机学院,教育部工程中心,江苏 无锡
通讯作者:
刘立明
作者简介:

作者贡献声明

丁晴:研究构思、实验设计、实验执行、数据采集与分析、论文初稿撰写;林海天:数据处理,统计分析,生物信息学分析、论文审阅;盛琦:指导实验、审核方案、监督研究进展;黄铭:实验验证、结果验证;薛正莲:方案审核、指导实验;赵欣雨:实验执行、调研、数据采集;邓赵红:项目管理、协调;刘立明:研究指导、方案审核、论文修订与定稿、项目管理与经费获取。

Computed screening and characterization of genomic neutral sites in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032
Qing DING1, Haitian LIN3, Qi SHENG2, Ming HUANG2, Zhenglian XUE1, Xinyu ZHAO2, Zhaohong DENG3, Liming LIU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
  • 3.Engineering Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
  • Corresponding Author:
出版时间: 2026-08-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260095
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【目的】 针对谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum) ATCC13032基因组G+C含量高、间隔序列短导致中性位点(neutral site, NS)资源匮乏的问题,建立计算机辅助筛选平台,筛选并表征适用于异源基因整合的高效中性位点,为构建高效细胞工厂提供关键元件支撑。 【方法】 构建计算机筛选平台CgNSFinder,结合基因组注释、邻域特征、区域长度及G+C含量等启发式规则筛选候选中性位点;通过报告基因mKate敲入实验,从整合效率、细胞适应性、表达强度及稳定性等方面系统表征候选位点;将淀粉酶基因、番茄红素合成基因簇及L-赖氨酸合成关键基因整合至筛选位点,验证其异源表达能力及应用效能。 【结果】 筛选获得96个候选中性位点,经实验表征确定24个高效位点,其中19个位点整合效率大于50%,22个位点荧光表达强度在2 400-3 500 a.u.之间;NS3位点表现最优,多拷贝整合后番茄红素产量达48.4 mg/L;基于筛选位点构建的L-赖氨酸生产菌株D301在5 L发酵罐中产量为49.51 g/L,转化率14.25 g/g,生产强度1.53 g/(L·h)。 【结论】 本研究建立的中性位点筛选方法高效可行,筛选获得的中性位点兼具高整合效率、低宿主干扰及稳定表达特性,为谷氨酸棒杆菌代谢工程改造提供了重要工具。

谷氨酸棒杆菌  /  中性位点  /  异源基因整合  /  细胞工厂  /  代谢工程

[Objective] To address the scarcity of neutral sites in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 caused by high G+C content and short intergenic sequences, we established a computer-aided screening platform to identify and characterize efficient neutral sites suitable for heterologous gene integration, aiming to provide key component support for constructing high-performance cell factories. [Methods] A computational screening platform CgNSFinder was constructed to screen candidate neutral sites by integrating heuristic rules such as genomic annotation, neighborhood characteristics, length, and G+C content. The candidate sites were systematically characterized in terms of integration efficiency, cell adaptability, expression intensity, and stability through reporter gene mKate knock-in experiments. We integrated the amylase gene, lycopene synthesis gene cluster, and key L-lysine synthesis genes into the screened sites to verify their heterologous expression ability and application efficiency. [Results] A total of 96 candidate neutral sites were screened out, from which 24 efficient sites were confirmed by experimental characterization. Among them, 19 sites had an integration efficiency greater than 50%, and 22 sites had a fluorescence expression intensity within the range of 2 400-3 500 a.u. The NS3 site showed the best performance, and the lycopene titer reached 48.4 mg/L after multi-copy integration. The L-lysine-producing strain D301 constructed based on the screened sites achieved a titer of 49.51 g/L, a yield of 14.25 g/g, and a productivity of 1.53 g/(L·h) in a 5-L fermenter. [Conclusion] The established neutral site screening method is efficient and feasible. The screened neutral sites are characterized by high integration efficiency, low host interference, and stable expression. This study provides an important tool for metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum.

Corynebacterium glutamicum  /  neutral site  /  heterologous gene integration  /  cell factory  /  metabolic engineering
丁晴, 林海天, 盛琦, 黄铭, 薛正莲, 赵欣雨, 邓赵红, 刘立明. 谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCC13032基因组中性位点的计算机筛选及表征. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (8) : 3809 -3823 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260095
Qing DING, Haitian LIN, Qi SHENG, Ming HUANG, Zhenglian XUE, Xinyu ZHAO, Zhaohong DENG, Liming LIU. Computed screening and characterization of genomic neutral sites in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (8) : 3809 -3823 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260095
谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)作为一种已通过美国食品药物监督管理局(food and drug administration, FDA)公认安全(general recognized as safe, GRAS)认证的细胞工厂[1-2],具有遗传稳定性强、遗传操作工具丰富、产物合成效率高、易于规模化培养和蛋白分泌能力高等优点,而广泛应用于氨基酸、有机酸、生物燃料等高值化学品的工业化生产[3-5]。为构建高生产性能的细胞工厂,亟需启动子、核糖体结合位点(ribosome binding site, RBS)、酶元件、中性位点等元件,为外源基因稳定表达和碳流的精准调控奠定坚实基础[6-7]
作为重要的基因表达调控元件,中性位点是基因组中可容纳外源DNA插入,且不影响宿主生长、代谢稳态及目标产物合成的“安全港”区域(safe harbor)[8-9]。中性位点筛选的传统策略是结合比较基因组学、转录组动态分析和实验表征,挖掘非必需且结构稳定的假基因区域或基因间区(intergenic regions, IGRs)[10],获得一系列潜在中性位点,再通过构建报告基因(如DashermKate)插入株系、测定生长曲线、表征荧光表达强度等方式,评估中性位点的稳定性与表达强度,最终获得一系列中性位点[11-12]。如通过理性筛选在大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli) CCTCC M2019435中发现并验证了15个中性位点用于无质粒戊二酸细胞工厂的构建[13];通过搭建计算机筛选平台在Rhodotorula toruloides中发现并表征了12个整合效率>50%的稳定的中性位点[14];基于CRISPR-COPIES pipeline模型在Sulfolobus islandicus发现了8个中性位点并进行了表征[15]
由于谷氨酸棒杆菌基因组G+C含量高、基因间隔序列短的独特特征,现有的中性位点的传统筛选方法难以兼顾筛选效率与准确性,导致谷氨酸棒杆菌的中性位点资源有限且功能表征不充分,难以满足高效细胞工厂构建的需求。为此,本研究针对谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCC 13032基因组的结构特征与功能注释,建立了一套基于基因组数据的计算机辅助分析流程,系统性筛选适用于异源基因整合的候选中性位点;通过实验表征量化评估候选位点整合后对宿主细胞生长速率、适应性及异源基因表达强度的影响,期望最终建立一套可推广应用的微生物中性位点筛选方法,为谷氨酸棒杆菌高效改造与工业应用奠定坚实的元件基础。
本研究以谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCC 13032为出发菌株(本实验室保藏),使用E. coli Top10构建表达载体,所使用的重组质粒、基因工程菌株、关键引物序列等原始数据存储在国家微生物科学数据中心(http://nmdc.cn),CSTR编号为31253.11.sciencedb.j00231.00056。
α-淀粉酶标品、番茄红素标品、L-赖氨酸,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;同源重组酶,武汉爱博泰克生物科技有限公司;消化酶,宝生物工程(大连)有限公司;片段扩增酶2×Phanta Max Master Mix,南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;质粒提取试剂盒、胶回收试剂盒、产物纯化试剂盒,南京诺唯赞生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;其他试剂,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;引物由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。
PCR仪、电穿孔仪、核酸电泳仪,伯乐生命医学产品(上海)有限公司;(低温)离心机,Eppendorf公司;恒温培养箱,上海跃进医疗器械有限公司;5 L发酵罐,迪必尔生物工程(上海)有限公司;生物传感器,深圳市希尔曼生物医疗科技有限公司;高效液相色谱仪,赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;分光光度计,岛津企业管理(中国)有限公司。
LB培养基(g/L):胰蛋白胨10.0,酵母提取物5.0,NaCl 10.0。
谷氨酸棒杆菌生长培养基(g/L):胰蛋白胨10.0,酵母提取物5.0,葡萄糖5.0,脑心浸液18.5,NaCl 10.0。
谷氨酸棒杆菌电转化恢复培养基(g/L):胰蛋白胨5.0,酵母提取物2.5,脑心浸液18.5,D-sorbitol 91.0,NaCl 10.0。
谷氨酸棒杆菌感受态制备培养基(g/L):胰蛋白胨10.0,酵母提取物5.0,甘氨酸25.0,NaCl 10,吐温-80 1.0,异烟肼0.4。
可溶性淀粉培养基(g/L):可溶性淀粉10.0,琼脂粉20.0。
斜面培养基(g/L):Urea 2.5,胰蛋白胨5.0,(NH4)2SO4 5.0,酵母提取物1.8,葡萄糖36.0,KH2PO4 0.5,K2HPO4 0.5,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,FeSO4·7H2O 0.006,MnSO4·H2O 0.004,VB7 0.000 2,VB1 0.000 2,卡那霉素(kanamycin, Kan) 0.05,琼脂粉18.0。
一级种子培养基(g/L):Urea 2.5,胰蛋白胨5.0,(NH4)2SO4 5.0,酵母提取物1.8,葡萄糖36.0,KH2PO4 0.5,K2HPO4 0.5,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,FeSO4·7H2O 0.006,MnSO4·H2O 0.004,VB7 0.000 2,VB1 0.000 2,Kan 0.05。
二级种子培养基(g/L):(NH4)2SO4 8.0,酵母提取物1.8,葡萄糖36.0,KH2PO4 0.8,K2HPO4 0.8,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,FeSO4·7H2O 0.01,MnSO4·H2O 0.004,VB7 0.000 02,VB1 0.002,Kan 0.05。
发酵培养基(g/L):(NH4)2SO4 8,Angel酵母提取物FM90 21.8,葡萄糖90.0,KH2PO4 1.0,K2HPO4 1.0,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,FeSO4·7H2O 0.01,MnSO4·H2O 0.004,VB7 0.000 02,VB1 0.002,VB3 0.03,Kan 0.05。
谷氨酸棒杆菌的基因编辑通过pK18mobsacB质粒完成。以ns1敲入菌株的整合为例说明基因编辑过程:(1)以谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCC13032菌株基因组为模板,利用引物ns1-UP-F/ns1-UP-R、ns1-DW-F/ns1-DW-R分别扩增上、下同源臂,以pECXK-99E-Ptuf-mKate-TrrnB质粒为模板,利用引物mKate-F/mKate-R扩增Ptuf-mKate-TrrnB片段;(2)以pK18mobsacB质粒为模板、pK18-ns1-F/pK18-ns1-R为引物线性化载体,4片段同源重组构建质粒pK18-ns1;(3)将验证正确的pK18-ns1质粒电转入谷氨酸棒杆菌中,电转后涂布于含有0.05 g/L卡那霉素的谷氨酸棒杆菌固体生长培养基上,在30 ℃培养条件下培养,筛选获得第1次同源重组转化子;(4)将转化子转接至液体谷氨酸棒杆菌生长培养基上在30 ℃、200 r/min培养3-4 h,涂布于含15%蔗糖的谷氨酸棒杆菌固体生长培养基中并于30 ℃培养28 h,因pK18mobsacB质粒带有sacB致死基因,未完成第2次同源重组的菌株在蔗糖培养基中无法正常生长。利用该特性筛选出完成2次同源重组的转化子,最终在固体谷氨酸棒杆菌生长培养基上进行划线分离并挑取多个转化子;(5) 菌落PCR并测序验证,获得重组菌株,完成菌株构建。
菌种活化:蘸取甘油管中保藏的菌液,按1%接种量转接至谷氨酸棒杆菌生长培养基中,30 ℃、200 r/min培养8-10 h。
24深孔板培养:取活化菌液按1.5%接种量转接至装液量为2 mL的24孔深孔板,30 ℃、400 r/min培养22-24 h。
斜面培养:蘸取甘油管中保藏的菌液均匀划至斜面培养基中,30 ℃恒温培养22-24 h。
种子培养:用8 mL无菌水洗下斜面上的菌苔,按1%接种量转接至100 mL一级种子培养基,30 ℃、120 r/min温培养5-7 h。接着,按2%接种量将一级种子液转接至100 mL二级种子培养基中,30 ℃、120 r/min培养6-7 h。
5 L发酵罐补料分批发酵:5 L发酵罐中初始装液量为2.5 L,将二级种子按装液量10%-20%的接种量接至发酵罐中,调整初始转速为320 r/min,发酵温度为30 ℃,使用氨水调控pH稳定在7.5±0.2,生长阶段溶氧控制在20%以上,产酸阶段溶氧控制在10%以下,溶氧降低时间为6-10 h,发酵过程采用分批补糖的方式,在发酵11-15 h将葡萄糖补至70-100 g/L,21-25 h将葡萄糖补至40-70 g/L,发酵32 h。
取1 mL菌液稀释20倍,使用酶标仪在吸收光波长600 nm条件下测定细胞浓度;取菌液稀释适当倍数,使用酶标仪在激发光波长588 nm,发射波长645 nm条件下测定荧光强度。比荧光强度的计算公式如(1)所示。
比荧光强度=荧光强度/OD600
α-淀粉酶产量定量分析:为了确定细胞中的α-淀粉酶含量,通过3,5-二硝基水杨酸(3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, DNS)法测定可溶性淀粉释放的还原糖量[16]。以14 000 r/min离心5 min收集10 mL谷氨酸棒杆菌细胞,并用PBS清洗1次。菌体沉淀悬浮于1 mL PBS,4 ℃下200 W功率连续超声破碎10 min,破碎液12 000 r/min离心20 min,取上清液即为胞内粗酶液。向试管中加入1.8 mL 1%可溶性淀粉底物,40 ℃水浴预热5 min;加入0.2 mL稀释后酶液,迅速摇匀,40 ℃精确反应10 min;立即加入1.5 mL DNS试剂终止反应,沸水浴5 min,冷却后定容至10 mL,测540 nm处吸光值。对照组加0.2 mL酶液和1.5 mL DNS试剂(灭活酶),再加1.8 mL底物,其余步骤同粗酶液测量步骤(消除酶液中还原糖的干扰)。通过标准曲线计算酶活。发酵液的粗酶活的计算如公式(2)所示。
酶活(U/mL)=[(A发酵液-A对照K×N]/(t×V)
式中:A发酵液为发酵液吸光度;A对照组为对照组吸光度;K为标准曲线斜率的倒数(mg/A);N为粗酶液稀释倍数;t为反应时间(10 min);V为反应体系中加入的酶液体积(0.2 mL)。
番茄红素产量的定量分析:番茄红素通过热盐酸法从培养细胞中提取[17]。通过离心法以14 000 r/min收集10 mL谷氨酸棒杆菌细胞用1 mol/L HCl重悬菌体,并通过沸腾破碎。执行常规程序:煮沸7 min,冰敷3 min,煮沸7 min,冰敷5 min。冰上冷却后,破损细胞再次用三蒸水洗涤,并通过4 ℃、5 000 r/min离心3 min收集。加入适量丙酮(HPLC级)并进行漩涡5 min,随后样品以14 000 r/min离心10 min,使用分光光度计测量上清液475 nm处的吸光值。与番茄红素标准溶液比较,定量提取物中的番茄红素含量。发酵液的番茄红素的计算如公式(3)所示。
番茄红素含量(μg/mL)=[(A发酵液-bN×V提取液]/(k×V发酵液)
式中:A发酵液为发酵液吸光度;b为标准曲线截距;N为发酵液稀释倍数;V提取液为提取液总体积(1 mL);k为标准曲线斜率;V发酵液为发酵液初始取样体积(10 mL)。
发酵过程中葡萄糖浓度和细胞浓度测定:发酵液12 000 r/min离心10 min,取上清稀释适当倍数,通过生物传感器测定发酵液中葡萄糖浓度;取发酵液稀释适当倍数,使用分光光度计在波长572 nm条件下测定。
氨基酸检测:取发酵上清液稀释一定倍数至L-赖氨酸浓度在0-1.0 g/L之间,通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测其浓度。HPLC检测使用Agilent ZORBA XSB-Aq (250 mm×4.6 mm×5 μm)色谱柱。流动相A相:0.01 mol/L KH2PO4,KOH调pH至5.3;流动相B相:乙腈、甲醇和A相以5:3:1的比例混合,乙酸调pH至5.3。紫外检测器波长254 nm,柱温35 ℃,流速为1.0 mL/min,梯度洗脱。
有机酸检测:发酵液12 000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液稀释一定倍数至有机酸浓度在0-1.0 g/L之间,通过HPLC检测浓度。使用Aminex HPX-87H (300 mm×7.8 mm×5 μm)色谱柱;流动相为5 mmol/L稀硫酸;紫外检测器波长210 nm,柱温55 ℃,流速为0.6 mL/min。转化率的计算如公式(4)所示。
转化率=L-赖氨酸浓度×下罐体积/总消耗葡萄糖×100%
为筛选谷氨酸棒杆菌基因组中适用于异源基因稳定、高效整合表达的候选中性位点,建立了中性位点计算机筛选平台CgNSFinder (代码及可复现实验材料已上传至GitHub,链接:https://github.com/LANNXXX/CgNSFinder;需在Python解释器环境中完成相关包安装后,调用解释器执行目标代码),该平台整合了基因组序列解析、基因注释信息提取、启发式规则过滤及结果统计分析等功能。向CgNSFinder平台输入谷氨酸棒杆菌全基因组FASTA文件(GCF_000011325.1_ASM1132v1_genomic.fna),该文件用于构建contig坐标系、提取候选位点的侧翼序列并计算其序列组成特征及CDS注释FASTA文件(cds_from_genomic.fna),该文件用于解析基因的基因组位置、转录链方向及功能描述,为邻域关系判断与候选条目标注提供支撑,通过串行启发式规则逐层筛选收敛,实现从基因组序列到候选中性位点的自动化筛选(图1):(1) 筛选注释为假定蛋白(hypothetical protein)的基因区域,锁定功能未知的非关键基因组区域;(2) 要求候选位点至少一侧相邻基因为假定蛋白,规避整合位点顺式调控对功能基因表达的干扰,降低整合引发的菌株表型偏移风险;(3) 设置区域筛选约束长度为500-1 500 bp (默认阈值),该阈值基于工业菌株整合位点相关研究数据归纳确定,兼顾异源片段插入效率与基因组区域稳定性[18-22];(4) 要求候选位点侧翼1 000 bp序列的G+C含量为40.0%-60.0%,该阈值依据谷氨酸棒杆菌全基因组平均G+C含量(54.2±10)%的波动范围设定。经上述多层过滤,共获得96个能同时满足注释类型、邻域特征、长度及序列组成要求的候选中性整合位点,输出信息包含基因组坐标、转录方向及侧翼序列G+C含量统计数据(已上传至ScienceDB,编号为31253.11.sciencedb.j00231.00056)。以dnaA基因为基因组起始位点,将候选中性位点按基因组位置等距离分区(图2),各区域筛选结果为:1区8个、2区5个、3区8个、4区56个、5区13个、6区6个。
为对计算机预测的候选中性位点进行筛选与表征,本研究构建了一个含P tuf 、报告基因mKate及T rnnB 的报告基因表达盒(图2A),在候选中性位点敲入该表达盒后对敲入菌株的生长曲线、整合效率以及荧光信号强度进行测定,以评估候选中性位点对菌株生长的影响、整合效率及敲入报告基因的表达活性。
为研究基因组位置对中性位点表达的影响,根据96个候选位点在基因组6个分区的分布比例进行随机选取,保证各分区被选位点占比与筛选结果一致(表1),以检测不同基因组位置候选中性位点的整合效率、细胞生长和表达强度的影响。如图2C所示,在24个候选位点中,19个双交换阳性率>50%,其中6个超过75%,这个结果表明多数候选位点具备较高的整合适用性。所有敲入菌株均培养至22 h (稳定期),测定最大菌体浓度(OD600)。野生型菌株的OD600=6.63±0.14,所有敲入菌株OD600均在6.0-7.25之间,所有敲入菌株与野生型菌株的生长差异小于10% (图2E)。因此所选中性位点对菌株的生长不构成影响,同时排除了生长相关因素对荧光测量的干扰。
通过对报告基因荧光强度测定进行分析(图3C),24个位点中位于第三区域的NS3位点比荧光强度最高为(9 922±217) a.u.,位于第二区域NS18位点最低为(2 269±86) a.u.,荧光表达强度差异达到4.37倍,其余位点均介于2 400-3 500 a.u.之间。虽然不同位点之间的表达强度存在差异,但大多数中性位点的表达强度相对一致,这个结果表明不同基因组位置对中性位点的表达活性影响较小。
在培养基中分别添加1 μg/mL和2.5 μg/mL (半抑制浓度为5 μg/mL)的新生霉素,研究不同DNA负超螺旋程度对中性位点荧光表达强度和最大菌体浓度(22 h)的影响。以整合位点cgl1787作为阳性对照,野生型菌株(WT)作为阴性对照。通过荧光表达强度对中性位点插入基因的表达活性进行分析发现,DNA负超螺旋程度降低通常会提高大多数中性位点的比荧光强度[23]。所有中性位点敲入菌株(如NS1、NS3、NS9)在1 μg/mL新生霉素时荧光强度均显著增加,荧光表达强度相较于无新生霉素组提高了32%;在2.5 μg/mL新生霉素时,部分菌株的荧光强度开始呈下降趋势(如NS1、NS8、NS9),与无新生霉素组相比,荧光表达强度上升了17.72%;与1 μg/mL新生霉素组相比则下降了46.00% (图3A3B)。上述结果表明谷氨酸棒杆菌的中性位点表达水平与染色体超螺旋程度相关:低浓度新生霉素使部分DNA处于松弛结构但对菌株的生长造成较小的影响,从而增强这些位点的表达活性;随着新生霉素浓度的提高,负超螺旋程度进一步降低,菌株生长受到明显抑制,需要消耗更多的资源以维持细胞生长,因此中性位点的表达量开始出现明显的下降。
添加新生霉素显著降低了所有敲入菌株的OD600 (图3C),如NS1和NS6位点,在1 μg/mL新生霉素条件下菌株OD600下降了20.3%和40.3%;在2.5 μg/mL新生霉素条件下菌株OD600分别下降了18.2%和30.1%,这与DNA旋转酶在维持染色体结构以实现正常复制和调控生长中的关键作用一致。同时发现这一生长抑制呈剂量依赖性,在1 μg/mL和2.5 μg/mL新生霉素条件下菌株22 h时的平均OD600值分别由5.71±0.06下降到4.47±0.04和3.79±0.04,进一步证实了即使低于IC50浓度的新生霉素也会给谷氨酸棒杆菌带来生长负担。重要的是,在2种新生霉素浓度下,报告基因整合保持良好的稳定性,表明尽管存在拓扑压力,中性位点整合仍具有良好的遗传稳定性。
为了研究代谢压力对插入候选中性位点的基因表达活性和稳定性影响,将高拷贝质粒pECXK-99E导入候选中性位点敲入菌株中,并测定了含质粒和不含质粒条件下的细胞生长速率和荧光表达强度(图4),以野生型菌株(WT)作为阴性对照,cgl1787敲入菌株作为阳性对照。在不导入负担质粒的培养条件下所有菌株生长速率均在0.3-0.37 h-1之间;而在导入负担质粒的条件下,菌株的生长速率下降到0.13-0.18 h-1之间,下降幅度大于50% (图4C),这一结果证实了高拷贝质粒给细胞生长带来严重的代谢负担[24],这种影响也体现在菌株荧光表达强度的变化中;当存在负担质粒时,阳性对照菌株比荧光强度下降了39.5% [从(7 087±42) a.u.降至(5 131±62) a.u.],中性位点敲入菌株的比荧光强度波动值均在12%-37%之间,小于阳性对照菌株中观察到的波动(图4A4B)。上述结果表明,在面临极大的代谢负担压力下虽然所选的中性位点不会破坏宿主的基础代谢,但其转录活性仍受全局基因组调控网络和细胞代谢状态的间接调控。
为研究不同碳源对中性位点敲入菌株生长和荧光强度的影响,根据24个已表征位点的整合效率、表达强度差异,选取高、中、低表达水平且分布于不同基因组分区的10个中性位点敲入菌株分别在以葡萄糖、蔗糖和D-山梨醇为碳源的培养基中进行培养,结果如图5所示。在不同碳源条件下,所有敲入菌株与野生型(WT)的生长速率无显著差异(图5C)。其中6个敲入菌株在蔗糖中的生长速率最高为0.23-0.3 h-1、葡萄糖中的生长速率在0.23-0.28 h-1之间、山梨醇中的生长速率为0.19-0.25 h-1。以山梨醇为单一碳源时,所有菌株的比荧光强度普遍较高,为6 000-12 000 a.u. (图5A),最高为(11 450±270) a.u. (NS3),且不同菌株间差异相对较小。以葡萄糖为单一碳源时比荧光强度与山梨醇接近,在6 000-12 000 a.u.之间;而在以蔗糖为单一碳源时比荧光强度最低,在4 000-8 000 a.u.之间。以葡萄糖组的比荧光强度值为对照,进行归一化处理比较(图5B),其中7个敲入菌株在山梨醇中具有最高的比荧光强度,在蔗糖中则相反,但菌株之间的差异在不同碳源条件下未现显著波动。这一结果表明葡萄糖作为偏好碳源能使报告基因表达和细胞适应性均达到最优状态。
本研究选择了枯草芽孢杆菌来源的淀粉酶合成基因以及草生欧文氏杆菌来源的番茄红素合成基因簇以系统评估中性位点的异源表达能力和基因容量[25-27]。以谷氨酸棒杆菌野生型为出发菌株,在转化效率高的中性位点NS3、NS12、NS19和NS24上利用P tuf 调控Amy基因表达,构建出菌株c-Amy1-4。测定这些菌株的酶活,发现4个重组菌株的淀粉酶活性存在位点差异,其中NS3位点(菌株c-Amy1)淀粉酶活性为1.37 IU/mL,其余位点的淀粉酶活性分别为0.88、0.65、0.45 IU/mL;为进一步挖掘中性位点的表达潜力,以c-Amy1-4为基础,在各菌株的原中性位点处通过同源重组依次增加2个拷贝的P tuf -Amy表达单元,构建得到多拷贝重组菌株c-Amy5-12。酶活测定结果显示,多拷贝整合后淀粉酶活性显著提升,其中最高酶活达到2.14 IU/mL,比单拷贝菌株c-Amy1提高了51.1%。
选取番茄红素编码基因簇crtBIE评估异源功能基因簇在谷氨酸棒杆菌中的表达情况,结果如图6B所示,(1)选择P tuf 在菌株cgl-13032的NS3、NS12、NS19和NS24位点表达番茄红素编码基因簇crtBIE,得到菌株c-Ly1-4;(2) 4个菌株的番茄红素产量分别为18.4、16.7、10.2、9.9 mg/L;(3)进一步选择P tuf 在菌株cgl-13032的NS3、NS6、NS2和NS10位点依次增加2个拷贝的番茄红素合成基因簇crtBIE,构建菌株c-Ly5-12,番茄红素产量最高达到48.4 mg/L。上述结果表明,随机选择的中性位点能有效用于异源功能基因簇的表达。
为系统评估中性位点在L-赖氨酸细胞工厂构建中的应用效能,本研究以谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCC 13032为底盘菌株,采用代谢工程逐步改造L-赖氨酸合成代谢途径[28],构建系列重组菌株。如图7所示,(1) 主合成路径强化:在菌株cgl-13032的NS1和NS2位点分别增加一个拷贝lysCT311I-G1AhomV59A突变基因,构建菌株D101;在菌株D101的NS5和NS12位点分别增加一个拷贝的lysCT311I-G1A-asd-aspB基因簇和dapA-dapB基因簇[29],构建菌株D102;在菌株D102的NS10位点增加一个拷贝的ddh基因,并且在NS6位点增加一个拷贝的lysA基因[30],构建菌株D103。(2) 前体供应强化:在菌株D103的NS8位点增加一个拷贝的ppcA482V基因,构建菌株D201;在菌株D201的NS9位点增加一个拷贝的pycP458S-G1A基因,构建菌株D202。(3) 辅因子供应强化:在菌株D202的基础上在NS7位点整合大肠杆菌来源的pntAB基因簇[31],构建菌株D301。在5 L发酵罐中,菌株D301中L-赖氨酸产量、转化率及生产强度分别为49.51 g/L、14.25 g/g和1.53 g/(L·h) (图7)。上述结果表明,通过中性位点定向整合策略实现了L-赖氨酸合成路径关键基因、前体供应基因及辅因子再生基因的精准调控与稳定表达,成功构建了高效稳定的L-赖氨酸生产菌株D301。
针对谷氨酸棒杆菌基因组高G+C含量及基因间隔区较短的结构特点,本研究开发了计算机辅助筛选工具CgNSFinder,旨在系统性地识别基因组中可用于异源基因整合的中性位点[32],以解决传统遗传工程中整合位点资源稀缺及随机整合效率低下的关键问题。通过该工具,本研究成功筛选出96个候选中性位点,并对其中的24个进行了实验验证,最终获得19个整合效率超过50%的位点。在此基础上,将淀粉酶基因、番茄红素合成基因簇及赖氨酸合成关键基因分别整合至上述中性位点,均实现了目标产物的高效合成。特别是构建的L-赖氨酸生产菌株D301,在5 L发酵罐中经36 h发酵,产量达到49.51 g/L,底物转化率为14.25 g/g,生产强度为1.53 g/(L·h),充分证明了这些中性位点在工业菌株构建中的巨大潜力。
  • 国家自然科学基金(U25A20618)
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2026年第66卷第8期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260095
  • 接收时间:2026-01-30
  • 首发时间:2026-08-21
  • 出版时间:2026-08-04
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-30
  • 录用日期:2026-03-11
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U25A20618)
国家自然科学基金(U25A20618)
作者信息
    1.安徽工程大学 生物与食品工程学院,安徽省工业微生物分子育种工程实验室,安徽 芜湖
    2.江南大学 生物工程学院,工业生物技术教育部重点实验室,江苏 无锡
    3.江南大学 人工智能与计算机学院,教育部工程中心,江苏 无锡

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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