Article(id=1297570994500165922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1297570992835023717, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260082, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1769443200000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1776009600000, acceptedDateStr=2026-04-13, onlineDate=1787294632791, onlineDateStr=2026-08-21, pubDate=1785772800000, pubDateStr=2026-08-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1787294632791, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1787294632791, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1787294632791, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1297570992835023717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='8', pageStart='3681', pageEnd='4288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785772800000', pubDateStr='2026-08-04', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1787294632395, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1787294931551, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1297572247670124783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1297570992835023717, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1297572247670124784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1297570992835023717, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3839, endPage=3850, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1297570996135944483, articleId=1297570994500165922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Inhibitory activity and mechanism of action of isopsoralen against Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To elucidate the primary bioactive component in Psoralea corylifolia seed extract that is responsible for inhibiting Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans (Pal) and to characterize its antibacterial mechanism. [Methods] The effect of isopsoralen on the growth curve of Pal and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined by the liquid culture assay. The antibacterial mechanism was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with physiological and biochemical analyses. [Results] The MIC of isopsoralen against Pal was 400 mg/L. Isopsoralen disrupted the integrity of the bacterial cell wall and cell membrane, leading to leakage of intracellular contents. It interfered with cellular energy metabolism by inhibiting the activity of respiratory chain dehydrogenases. In addition, it impaired bacterial responses to environmental changes and colonization in the host by suppressing swarming motility, swimming motility, and biofilm formation. [Conclusion] Isopsoralen exerts its inhibitory activity against Pal through the synergistic actions of structural damage, energy disruption, and virulence suppression, ultimately abolishing the pathogen’s ability to infect the host. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of P. corylifolia seed extract as a botanical bactericide in the green management of cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot.

, authors=Jingxin GAO1, Lingyun LIU2, Xiaoqian LI2, Lijie GUAN2, authorsList=Jingxin GAO, Lingyun LIU, Xiaoqian LI, Lijie GUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lijie GUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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【目的】 阐明补骨脂种子提取物中抑制黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌(Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans, Pal)的主要活性成分及其抑菌机制。 【方法】 采用液体培养法测定异补骨脂素对黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌生长曲线的影响及其最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC);采用透射电镜观察及生理生化手段探究其作用机制。 【结果】 异补骨脂素对该病原菌的MIC为400 mg/L。该化合物通过破坏细菌细胞壁与细胞膜的完整性引发胞内物质外泄;通过抑制呼吸链脱氢酶活性干扰细胞能量代谢;通过抑制菌体群集运动、泳动及生物被膜形成影响病原菌对环境变化的响应及其在宿主体内的定殖。 【结论】 异补骨脂素通过结构损伤、能量阻断、毒力抑制等途径协同发挥对Pal的抑制活性,使其丧失侵染宿主的能力。本研究为植物源杀菌剂补骨脂种子提取物在黄瓜细菌性角斑病绿色防控中的应用提供了理论依据。

, authors=高晶鑫1, 刘凌云2, 李筱芊2, 关丽杰2, authorsList=高晶鑫, 刘凌云, 李筱芊, 关丽杰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=关丽杰, authorNote=

作者贡献声明

高晶鑫:方法设计、调查研究、数据分析、结果可视化、论文撰写与修订;刘凌云:方法设计、协助实验、数据分析;李筱芊:协助实验、数据处理;关丽杰:审阅文章、数据解释及稿件最终审核与修订。

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Data are presented as mean±SD (n=3)., figureFileSmall=bcOR5aghK9X0BxEByWCwqA==, figureFileBig=/T4dhH+HyMyCtfDXIGoMMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571002108633427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297570994500165922, language=CN, label=图1, caption=异补骨脂素在不同浓度下对Pal生长曲线的影响, figureFileSmall=bcOR5aghK9X0BxEByWCwqA==, figureFileBig=/T4dhH+HyMyCtfDXIGoMMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571002293182804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297570994500165922, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Effects of isopsoralen on the cell morphology and ultrastructure of Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A-D: CK, NMP solvent control, 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L isopsoralen treatment groups, respectively, with a magnification of 10 000×; E-H: CK, NMP solvent control, 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L isopsoralen treatment groups, respectively, with a magnification of 30 000×., figureFileSmall=0UmjysMy/v6GpCr+sRc4WQ==, figureFileBig=VU/gN2DTnBlyNmjGV5ACjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571002351903061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297570994500165922, language=CN, label=图2, caption=透射电镜下异补骨脂素对Pal细胞形态结构的影响, figureFileSmall=0UmjysMy/v6GpCr+sRc4WQ==, figureFileBig=VU/gN2DTnBlyNmjGV5ACjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571002431594838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297570994500165922, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effects of isopsoralen on swarming motility and swimming motility of Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans. A: CK group for swarming motility; B: 50 mg/L isopsoralen group for swarming motility; C: 100 mg/L isopsoralen group for swarming motility; D: CK group for swimming motility; E: 50 mg/L isopsoralen group for swimming motility; F: 100 mg/L isopsoralen group for swimming motility., figureFileSmall=xMqMjRYoDfTxMAII5Hw4MQ==, figureFileBig=gKDGripqS/A8/vGgdrjHSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571002494509399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297570994500165922, language=CN, label=图3, caption=异补骨脂素对Pal群集运动和泳动的影响, figureFileSmall=xMqMjRYoDfTxMAII5Hw4MQ==, figureFileBig=gKDGripqS/A8/vGgdrjHSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571002565812568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297570994500165922, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effects of isopsoralen on RNA leakage from cells of Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences among different time points for the same treatment (P<0.05), while different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at the same time point (P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=qim9h3C1TqNDU95GY95GcQ==, figureFileBig=hbSutYZLsV54Hwbn4gRWVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571002632921433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297570994500165922, language=CN, label=图4, caption=异补骨脂素对Pal细胞RNA泄漏量的影响, figureFileSmall=qim9h3C1TqNDU95GY95GcQ==, figureFileBig=hbSutYZLsV54Hwbn4gRWVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571002704224602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297570994500165922, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Effects of isopsoralen at different concentrations on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans., figureFileSmall=zAcyZCbGOxapaDsI4PnsKg==, figureFileBig=7epOk//VWFUEZq3bxFZ9HQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571002771333467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297570994500165922, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同浓度异补骨脂素对Pal生物被膜形成的影响, figureFileSmall=zAcyZCbGOxapaDsI4PnsKg==, figureFileBig=7epOk//VWFUEZq3bxFZ9HQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571002930717020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297570994500165922, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Effect of isopsoralen on the activity of respiratory chain dehydrogenases in Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences among different time points for the same treatment (P<0.05), while different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at the same time point (P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=WvFR0XC3RK728CU+PWhQKA==, figureFileBig=Y2DMwPJ4fqd7eaghGxn3ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571002989437277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297570994500165922, language=CN, label=图6, caption=异补骨脂素对Pal呼吸链脱氢酶活性的影响, figureFileSmall=WvFR0XC3RK728CU+PWhQKA==, figureFileBig=Y2DMwPJ4fqd7eaghGxn3ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571003052351838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297570994500165922, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Antibacterial activity of Psoralea corylifolia seed extract and its major chemical constituents against Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Different ingredientsAbsorbance±SDInhibition rate/%
IBC0.228±0.011c3.797e
Corylin0.092±0.061e61.181d
Psoralidin0.538±0.091a-
Psoralen0.154±0.034cd-
Bakuchiol0.369±0.030b35.021c
Isopsoralen0.033±0.035d86.076b
Psoralea corylifolia seed extract0.031±0.030d86.920a
CK0.228±0.018c
NMP and Tween-800.237±0.014c
), ArticleFig(id=1297571003123655007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297570994500165922, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

补骨脂种子提取物及其主要化学成分对Pal的抑菌活性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Different ingredientsAbsorbance±SDInhibition rate/%
IBC0.228±0.011c3.797e
Corylin0.092±0.061e61.181d
Psoralidin0.538±0.091a-
Psoralen0.154±0.034cd-
Bakuchiol0.369±0.030b35.021c
Isopsoralen0.033±0.035d86.076b
Psoralea corylifolia seed extract0.031±0.030d86.920a
CK0.228±0.018c
NMP and Tween-800.237±0.014c
), ArticleFig(id=1297571003194958176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297570994500165922, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Antibacterial activity of isopsoralen at different concentrations against Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans in liquid culture

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Drug concentration/(mg/L)Absorbance±SDInhibition rate/%Visual observation
8000.062±0.014b100.000fClear
4000.064±0.003c100.000fClear
2000.224±0.010d81.255eSlightly turbid
1000.442±0.023e63.013dTurbid
500.686±0.007f42.594cTurbid
250.886±0.012g25.858bTurbid
01.195±0.071a0.000Turbid
), ArticleFig(id=1297571003257872737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297570994500165922, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

异补骨脂素在不同浓度下对液体培养Pal的抑菌活性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Drug concentration/(mg/L)Absorbance±SDInhibition rate/%Visual observation
8000.062±0.014b100.000fClear
4000.064±0.003c100.000fClear
2000.224±0.010d81.255eSlightly turbid
1000.442±0.023e63.013dTurbid
500.686±0.007f42.594cTurbid
250.886±0.012g25.858bTurbid
01.195±0.071a0.000Turbid
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异补骨脂素对黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌的抑制活性及作用机制
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高晶鑫 1 , 刘凌云 2 , 李筱芊 2 , 关丽杰 2
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(8): 3839-3850
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微生物学报 |研究报告 2026 , 66 (8) : 3839 -3850
异补骨脂素对黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌的抑制活性及作用机制
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高晶鑫1, 刘凌云2, 李筱芊2, 关丽杰2
作者信息
  • 1.沈阳化工大学 化学工程学院,辽宁 沈阳
  • 2.沈阳化工大学 环境与安全工程学院,辽宁 沈阳
通讯作者:
关丽杰
作者简介:

作者贡献声明

高晶鑫:方法设计、调查研究、数据分析、结果可视化、论文撰写与修订;刘凌云:方法设计、协助实验、数据分析;李筱芊:协助实验、数据处理;关丽杰:审阅文章、数据解释及稿件最终审核与修订。

Inhibitory activity and mechanism of action of isopsoralen against Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans
Jingxin GAO1, Lingyun LIU2, Xiaoqian LI2, Lijie GUAN2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
  • 2.College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
  • Corresponding Author:
出版时间: 2026-08-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260082
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【目的】 阐明补骨脂种子提取物中抑制黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌(Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans, Pal)的主要活性成分及其抑菌机制。 【方法】 采用液体培养法测定异补骨脂素对黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌生长曲线的影响及其最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC);采用透射电镜观察及生理生化手段探究其作用机制。 【结果】 异补骨脂素对该病原菌的MIC为400 mg/L。该化合物通过破坏细菌细胞壁与细胞膜的完整性引发胞内物质外泄;通过抑制呼吸链脱氢酶活性干扰细胞能量代谢;通过抑制菌体群集运动、泳动及生物被膜形成影响病原菌对环境变化的响应及其在宿主体内的定殖。 【结论】 异补骨脂素通过结构损伤、能量阻断、毒力抑制等途径协同发挥对Pal的抑制活性,使其丧失侵染宿主的能力。本研究为植物源杀菌剂补骨脂种子提取物在黄瓜细菌性角斑病绿色防控中的应用提供了理论依据。

异补骨脂素  /  黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌  /  生理生化机制

[Objective] To elucidate the primary bioactive component in Psoralea corylifolia seed extract that is responsible for inhibiting Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans (Pal) and to characterize its antibacterial mechanism. [Methods] The effect of isopsoralen on the growth curve of Pal and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined by the liquid culture assay. The antibacterial mechanism was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with physiological and biochemical analyses. [Results] The MIC of isopsoralen against Pal was 400 mg/L. Isopsoralen disrupted the integrity of the bacterial cell wall and cell membrane, leading to leakage of intracellular contents. It interfered with cellular energy metabolism by inhibiting the activity of respiratory chain dehydrogenases. In addition, it impaired bacterial responses to environmental changes and colonization in the host by suppressing swarming motility, swimming motility, and biofilm formation. [Conclusion] Isopsoralen exerts its inhibitory activity against Pal through the synergistic actions of structural damage, energy disruption, and virulence suppression, ultimately abolishing the pathogen’s ability to infect the host. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of P. corylifolia seed extract as a botanical bactericide in the green management of cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot.

isopsoralen  /  Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans  /  physiological and biochemical mechanism
高晶鑫, 刘凌云, 李筱芊, 关丽杰. 异补骨脂素对黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌的抑制活性及作用机制. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (8) : 3839 -3850 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260082
Jingxin GAO, Lingyun LIU, Xiaoqian LI, Lijie GUAN. Inhibitory activity and mechanism of action of isopsoralen against Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (8) : 3839 -3850 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260082
在设施园艺工程领域,黄瓜因其产量高、效益好,已成为我国塑料大棚中的主要蔬菜作物之一[1]。黄瓜具有喜温喜湿的生长特性,在保护地栽培条件下易发生多种病害,其中细菌性角斑病危害尤为严重,可造成30%-50%的产量损失[2-3]。引起该病害的病原菌为扁桃假单胞菌流泪致病变种黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌(Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans, Pal)[4-5],可通过种子和土壤传播,经伤口或气孔侵入,引起水渍状病斑和菌脓溢出,严重时导致植株枯死[6-7]
目前,黄瓜细菌性角斑病的防治措施主要包括农业防治、化学防治和生物防治[8]。其中,化学防治是应用最为广泛的方法,常用药剂包括无机铜制剂、有机铜制剂及抗生素类药剂[9-14]等。然而,长期连续使用易导致病原菌产生耐药性,并造成化学残留和环境污染[15]。因此,开发绿色、高效的替代防治策略已成为当前研究的重点。
近年来,植物源杀菌剂因兼具直接抗菌、诱导植物免疫及促进生长等多重作用机制,且具有良好的环境兼容性而备受关注[16]。补骨脂(Psoralea corylifolia L.)种子提取物是一种植物源生物杀菌剂,目前已在田间应用于防治水稻稻瘟病、苹果腐烂病[17]、小麦赤霉病、茶饼病、黄瓜细菌性角斑病及烟草花叶病毒病等[18]。研究表明,补骨脂种子提取物含有多种活性成分,其中对水稻稻瘟病菌等植物病原真菌[19]起主要抑制作用的成分为黄酮类化合物苯丙烯菌酮(isobavachalcone, IBC),其通过破坏病原真菌细胞壁-膜系统及干扰糖代谢过程发挥杀菌作用[20],并能通过激活植物免疫信号网络诱导植物产生抗病性[21]。田间试验结果显示,补骨脂种子提取物在有效成分用量为0.6-2.4 g a.i./hm2时对黄瓜细菌性角斑病的防效可达61%-83%[22]。然而,该提取物对引起黄瓜细菌性角斑病的病原菌Pal的主活性成分及其作用机制尚不明确。目前,异补骨脂素在医药领域的研究已较为系统和深入,如在细胞层面能抑制胶质母细胞瘤细胞增殖、诱导细胞周期停滞及抑制迁移[23],对牙龈卟啉单胞菌及生物膜有抑制作用且能减轻牙周膜细胞炎症[24-25],还可通过骨形态发生蛋白2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2, BMP-2)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK)信号通路诱导软骨分化[26],但在植物病原细菌领域的相关研究仍较为匮乏。本研究筛选补骨脂种子提取物中抑制Pal的高活性成分,并从细胞膜完整性、能量代谢等层面解析其抑菌机制,以期为该提取物的田间应用和新型植物源杀菌剂的开发提供理论支撑。
黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌(P. amygdali pv. lachrymans),又称扁桃假单胞菌,由沈阳化工大学生物工程教研室从田间发病黄瓜植株上分离并保存。
异补骨脂素(纯度99.08%)、补骨脂宁(纯度≥98%)、IBC (纯度≥98%)、补骨脂酚(纯度≥98%),成都普菲德生物技术有限公司;补骨脂种子提取物母药,沈阳同祥生物农药有限公司;3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂,远大作物科学(福建)有限公司;N-甲基吡咯烷酮(N-methylpyrrolidone, NMP)和Tween-80,天津市大茂化学试剂合伙企业(有限合伙)。补骨脂种子提取物中各成分含量:补骨脂酚12.0%、补骨脂定0.5%、补骨脂宁1.0%、异补骨脂素1.0%、补骨脂素2.8%、苯丙烯菌酮2.0%。
生化培养箱,力辰科技有限公司;灭菌锅,上海申安医疗器械厂;多功能酶标仪,伯腾仪器有限公司;台式高速冷冻离心机,艾本德(上海)国际贸易有限公司;恒温振荡培养箱,上海精宏实验设备有限公司;透射电子显微镜,HITACHI公司。
将-80 ℃保存的Pal菌株在LB平板上划线活化,置于28 ℃培养箱中培养24 h。挑取单一菌落转接至10 mL LB液体培养基中,28 ℃、180 r/min扩大培养直至菌液进入对数生长期(OD600≈0.6),4 ℃、3 400×g离心5 min收集菌体沉淀,用PBS洗涤后重悬至1×107 CFU/mL备用。
将异补骨脂素、补骨脂素、补骨脂宁、IBC、补骨脂定、补骨脂酚、补骨脂种子提取物等供试药剂用NMP溶解,配制成质量浓度为100 mg/mL的溶液,涡旋振荡并超声助溶,将上述溶液用含0.1% Tween-80的无菌水稀释至20 mg/mL作为母液,经0.22 μm滤膜过滤除菌,4 ℃避光保存备用,用于后续高活性成分筛选试验。阳性对照药剂为3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂,依据产品说明书推荐抑菌试验浓度,用无菌水稀释配制,备用。
采用液体培养法测定各供试药剂对Pal的抑制活性。在48.5 mL LB液体培养基中加入1 mL对数生长期菌悬液(同1.2.1节)和0.5 mL供试药剂母液(同1.2.2节),使终浓度为200 mg/L。以加入等体积无菌水为空白对照,加入含有等体积NMP的Tween-80水溶液为溶剂对照,每处理重复3次。于28 ℃、180 r/min条件下振荡培养,待空白对照组菌液OD600值达0.3左右,测定各处理OD600值,按公式(1)计算抑制率。
抑制率=(A0-A1)/A0×100%
式中:A0为溶剂对照吸光值增加值,A1为药剂处理吸光值增加值。
在48.75 mL LB培养基中加入1 mL菌悬液(1×107 CFU/mL)与0.25 mL倍比稀释后的异补骨脂素母液(同1.2.2节),使异补骨脂素终浓度分别为100 mg/L和50 mg/L,28 ℃、180 r/min培养2 h,4 ℃、13 800×g离心10 min收集菌体。以等体积无菌水和NMP分别为空白对照和溶剂对照。
菌体样品经2.5%戊二醛(先室温固定2 h,后4 ℃固定3 h)及1%锇酸(室温2 h)双重固定后,以PBS漂洗。随后依次进行丙酮梯度脱水、Spurr 812环氧树脂包埋,并于60 ℃下聚合。将包埋块切片(厚度约70 nm)经醋酸铀和柠檬酸铅双重染色后,在透射电子显微镜下进行观察。
参照Yuan等[27]采用微量肉汤稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)。取534 μL异补骨脂素母液(同1.2.2节)倍比稀释于10 mL LB培养基中,配制成1 067、533、267、133、67、33 mg/L的含药培养基。取150 μL含药培养基与50 μL菌悬液(1×107 CFU/mL)混合于96孔板中,使异补骨脂素终浓度分别为800、400、200、100、50、25 mg/L。以加入等体积无菌水为空白对照,28 ℃培养12 h,肉眼观察无明显菌体生长的最低药物浓度定义为MIC,重复3次。
在8.9 mL LB液体培养基中加入1 mL菌悬液(1×107 CFU/mL)和0.1 mL倍比稀释后的异补骨脂素母液(同1.2.2节),使培养基中异补骨脂素终浓度分别为200、100、50 mg/L。以无菌水为空白对照,等量NMP为溶剂对照,有效成分浓度为100 mg/L的3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂为阳性对照,每处理重复3次。于28 ℃、180 r/min培养7 h,其中每隔1 h取样测定OD600值,以时间为横坐标、OD600值为纵坐标绘制生长曲线。
群集运动培养基(g/L):蛋白胨10.0,NaCl 5.0,葡萄糖5.0,琼脂5.0;泳动培养基(g/L):胰蛋白胨10.0,NaCl 3.0,琼脂3.0。
参照Zhang等[28]方法并改进。向49.75 mL群集运动培养基和49.75 mL泳动培养基中分别加入0.25 mL异补骨脂素母液倍比稀释液,使终浓度为100 mg/L和50 mg/L,空白对照为等体积无菌水。于培养基中央点接菌悬液(5 μL,1×107 CFU/mL),28 ℃静置培养48 h,十字交叉法测量迁移直径,取平均值,按公式(2)计算迁移抑制率。
迁移抑制率=(A0-A1)/A0×100%
式中:A0为空白对照菌落直径,A1为药剂处理菌落直径。
参照Shi等[29]的方法并略作改进。参照1.5.2节方法,同条件培养。培养期间每隔30 min取1 mL培养液,4 ℃、2 300×g离心10 min。取200 μL上清液,以无菌LB培养基为空白对照调零,用微量紫外分光光度计测定OD260值(光程1 cm)。以OD260值变化反映细胞膜通透性改变导致的胞外核酸泄漏水平。
参照曾桃花等[30]的方法并略作改进。取67 μL异补骨脂素母液(同1.2.2节)经倍比稀释于10 mL LB培养基中,配制成133、67、33 mg/L的含药培养基。96孔板中每孔加入150 μL含药培养基与50 μL菌悬液(1×107 CFU/mL),使异补骨脂素终浓度分别为100、50、25 mg/L。28 ℃静置培养24 h诱导生物被膜形成。弃培养液,PBS漂洗3次,60 ℃烘干30 min,0.1%结晶紫150 μL染色15 min,去离子水漂洗3次,95%乙醇脱色30 min,酶标仪于590 nm处测定OD590。按公式(3)计算生物被膜形成抑制率。
生物被膜形成抑制率=(OD590对照-OD590样品)/OD590对照×100%
式中:OD590对照为阴性对照组(不含药物)的OD590平均值,OD590样品为各药物处理组的OD590平均值。
参照Li等[31]的方法并略作改进。参照1.5.2节方法同条件培养。每隔30 min取样,4 ℃、2 300×g离心10 min收集菌体,PBS洗涤2次,用PBS重悬菌体并调整浓度至1×108 CFU/mL。加入0.5%碘硝基四氮唑溶液[2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride, INT] (pH 7.2),28 ℃黑暗反应2 h,甲醛终止,丙酮:乙醇=1:1 (体积比)萃取后,用酶标仪测定OD490值。OD490值与呼吸链脱氢酶活性呈正相关。
采用Microsoft Excel 2021和Origin 2024软件进行数据整理与绘图。采用SPSS 27.0软件进行单因素方差分析,并采用Duncan法进行显著性分析,以P<0.05表示差异显著。实验数据以平均值±标准差表示。
在200 mg/L浓度下,补骨脂种子提取物中6种成分对Pal的抑菌活性存在显著差异(表1)。异补骨脂素的抑菌活性最强,抑制率为86.076%;补骨脂宁次之,抑制率为61.181%;补骨脂素较弱,抑制率为35.021%;IBC抑制率为3.797%;补骨脂定及补骨脂酚未表现出抑菌活性。
研究发现,异补骨脂素对Pal的生长抑制作用呈浓度依赖性(图1)。与空白对照(CK)相比,50、100、200 mg/L异补骨脂素处理均可延缓Pal进入对数生长期,其中200 mg/L处理组的延迟效应最为显著。在相同浓度(100 mg/L)下,异补骨脂素的抑菌效果显著优于对照药剂(P<0.05)。
采用微量肉汤稀释法测定了异补骨脂素对Pal的抗菌活性。根据CLSI M07-A6[32]标准,其最小抑菌浓度为400 mg/L (表2)。
透射电镜观察结果如图2所示。CK组(图2A2E)菌体呈典型杆状,形态规整饱满,细胞壁与细胞膜结构清晰完整。NMP溶剂对照组(图2B2F)菌体形态与CK组相比无明显差异,表明溶剂本身对菌体结构无影响。经50 mg/L异补骨脂素处理(图2C2G)后,菌体形态发生明显畸变,细胞壁与细胞膜出现破坏与溶解迹象;而100 mg/L处理组(图2D2H)的损伤程度更为显著,表现为细胞膜破裂、胞内内容物严重外泄及细胞空泡化。上述结果表明,异补骨脂素对Pal细胞结构的破坏作用具有明显的浓度依赖性,为该化合物通过损伤细胞膜完整性发挥抑菌作用提供了直接证据。
细菌的群集运动与泳动能力依赖于鞭毛及Ⅳ型菌毛的协调作用,两者均有助于菌体在固体表面迁移,并参与生物被膜结构与形态的构建[33]
图3所示,异补骨脂素可显著抑制Pal的运动能力。在群集运动实验中,0、50、100 mg/L异补骨脂素处理组的迁移直径分别为(12.00±0.36)、(9.00±0.25)、(7.00±0.15) mm (图3A-3C),抑制率分别为25.00%和41.67%;在泳动实验中,不同浓度处理组的迁移直径分别为(21.00±0.15)、(15.00±0.21)、(11.00±0.25) mm (图3D-3F),抑制率分别为28.57%和47.62%。上述结果表明,异补骨脂素可显著抑制Pal的运动能力,提示其可能通过干扰鞭毛或Ⅳ型菌毛相关功能影响菌体定殖及生物被膜形成。
细胞膜完整性是维持细菌正常生理功能的基础,核酸泄漏量可作为评价膜损伤程度的重要指标。如图4所示,经50 mg/L和100 mg/L 异补骨脂素处理1.5-2 h后,Pal胞外RNA含量持续上升;200 mg/L处理后胞外RNA浓度迅速上升并达最大值,0.5 h后各处理时间点间差异不显著。100 mg/L和200 mg/L异补骨脂素处理组各时间点的RNA含量均高于中生菌素处理组。上述结果表明,胞外RNA泄漏量随异补骨脂素浓度升高而增加,细胞膜损伤程度与浓度呈正相关。
生物被膜是细菌抵御外界不良环境和抗菌药物的重要屏障,抑制其形成对病害防控具有重要意义。如图5所示,异补骨脂素可有效抑制Pal生物被膜的形成。经25、50、100 mg/L异补骨脂素处理后,生物被膜形成量较对照组分别降低23.64%、26.67%、34.55%,抑制效果随浓度升高而增强,且各浓度组间差异显著(P<0.05)。该结果与文献[34]报道的天然产物干扰群体感应或黏附相关基因、进而抑制生物被膜形成的机制相符,提示异补骨脂素可通过阻碍生物被膜形成降低病原菌侵染宿主的能力。
呼吸链脱氢酶是细菌能量代谢的关键酶,其活性变化可反映菌体的代谢状态。如图6所示,异补骨脂素可显著抑制Pal呼吸链脱氢酶活性,且抑制效果呈浓度依赖性。处理3 h后,50、100、200 mg/L异补骨脂素处理组的脱氢酶抑制率分别为59.81%、77.16%、81.17%。其中,100 mg/L异补骨脂素的抑制率(77.16%)显著高于同浓度中生菌素(62.84%) (P<0.05)。上述结果表明,异补骨脂素可通过抑制呼吸链脱氢酶活性干扰Pal的能量代谢,这可能是其抑菌作用的重要靶点之一。
本研究对补骨脂种子提取物及其所含6种化合物的抑菌活性进行了测定。在200 mg/L浓度下补骨脂种子提取物、异补骨脂素、补骨脂宁、补骨脂素和IBC对液体培养Pal细胞生长的抑制率分别为86.920%、86.076%、61.181%、35.021%、3.797%。可见,异补骨脂素为抑制Pal的主活性成分。同时,在200 mg/L补骨脂种子提取物中异补骨脂素的含量仅为2 mg/L,其他活性成分同样远低于实验中各化合物的测试浓度,表明化合物间存在一定的协同作用。补骨脂定和补骨脂酚在200 mg/L浓度下表现出促进Pal生长的现象(表1),其吸光值显著高于对照组。这一现象符合毒物兴奋效应的特征,即某些植物次生代谢物在亚抑制浓度下可通过激活微生物应激反应或干扰代谢调控网络产生短暂的生长刺激效应[35]。这也体现了植物源农药多组分、多靶点的作用特点。
异补骨脂素的抑菌机制首先体现在对细胞屏障的直接破坏。透射电镜观察显示,处理后菌体细胞壁/膜完整性受损、胞内物质外溢;RNA泄漏实验进一步证实,细胞膜通透性显著增加。这一作用模式与马伟虎等[36]报道的香豆素类化合物通过破坏细胞膜通透性导致胞内物质外泄的抑菌机理一致。然而,细胞膜作为维持渗透压与能量代谢的核心结构,其完整性破坏也会导致能量产生系统的崩溃[37]
更深层的抑菌机制在于对能量代谢的干扰。INT法检测显示,异补骨脂素可显著抑制呼吸链脱氢酶活性。呼吸链脱氢酶是细菌电子传递与ATP合成的关键枢纽,其活性被抑制将直接导致菌体能量生成障碍。值得注意的是,膜损伤本身也会破坏跨膜质子梯度,进一步加剧能量代谢紊乱。因此,膜结构损伤与能量代谢抑制协同作用,共同导致细菌对数生长期延迟,最终实现抑菌效果。
在结构损伤和能量代谢紊乱的基础上,异补骨脂素进一步干扰了病原菌的毒力系统。实验表明,50-100 mg/L异补骨脂素可显著抑制Pal毒力表型,呈剂量依赖性地降低泳动与群集运动能力,并抑制生物被膜形成(50 mg/L和100 mg/L处理组的抑制率分别为26.67%和34.55%)。生物被膜是细菌应对外界环境胁迫、介导耐药与致病性的重要结构基础[38],其形成依赖于菌体黏附、运动及群体感应(quorum sensing, QS)网络的协同调控[39-40],而上述过程均为耗能过程,高度依赖细胞内ATP水平。异补骨脂素诱导的能量代谢障碍必然会抑制这些耗能毒力表型的表达。此外,作为香豆素类化合物,异补骨脂素可能同时通过干扰QS信号转导[41],协同其对膜通透性和运动性的抑制效应,阻断被膜发育进程,进而减弱病原菌的定殖能力与逆境适应性。
相较于医药领域对香豆素类化合物的广泛研究,其在农业领域的应用研究则相对薄弱。在医药研究领域,补骨脂素可通过调控Wnt/β-catenin、PI3K/Akt等关键信号通路调节成骨细胞与破骨细胞的分化及功能平衡,改善骨代谢,发挥治疗骨质疏松症的作用[42];磺胺类香豆素新化合物具有较低的溶血活性,可通过损伤细菌细胞膜发挥抑菌作用,还能与细菌的二氢叶酸合成酶发生相互作用,具有多靶点的应用潜力[43];二氯乙酰胺基类香豆素新化合物能与细菌DNA促旋酶相互作用,抑制DNA合成,最终导致菌体死亡[44]。与之不同的是,异补骨脂素从细胞膜结构损伤、能量代谢紊乱、毒力系统干扰等多个层面协同抑菌,呈现出多靶点、多通路的作用特点,也为其在农业领域的开发应用提供了新的思路。
本研究表明,补骨脂种子提取物中香豆素类化合物异补骨脂素是抑制植物病原细菌Pal的主要活性成分,其作用于膜结构、能量代谢和毒力系统3个层面。结合实验室前期研究结果,黄酮类化合物苯丙烯菌酮是抑制病原真菌的主要活性成分。上述研究表明,补骨脂种子提取物作为植物源农药,兼具抗细菌和抗真菌活性,且针对不同类型病原菌的作用靶点各异。这种多组分、多靶点的特性使其在实际应用中不易产生抗药性,具有显著优势。
综上所述,补骨脂种子提取物中抑制Pal的主要活性成分为异补骨脂素。其作用机制表现为:破坏病原细菌细胞壁及细胞膜的完整性,干扰能量代谢过程,抑制菌体运动性及生物被膜形成,从而有效抑制病原细菌的生长与繁殖,削弱其侵染宿主的能力,最终实现对细菌性病害的防控。上述研究为补骨脂种子提取物在细菌性病害综合防控中的应用提供了理论依据。
  • 国家重点研发计划(SQ2020YFF0411744)
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2026年第66卷第8期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260082
  • 接收时间:2026-01-27
  • 首发时间:2026-08-21
  • 出版时间:2026-08-04
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-27
  • 录用日期:2026-04-13
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National Key Research and Development Program of China(SQ2020YFF0411744)
国家重点研发计划(SQ2020YFF0411744)
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    1.沈阳化工大学 化学工程学院,辽宁 沈阳
    2.沈阳化工大学 环境与安全工程学院,辽宁 沈阳

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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