微生物学报

Functional classification	Number of genes	Secondary classification (gene count)	Gene name
Defensive virulence factors	9	Immune modulation (9)	bplA, cap8G, FTT_RS04105, GBS_RS06600, gmd, lgtA, ppsC, wcbF, YE_RS15445
Aggressive virulence factors	6	Adherence (1), effector delivery system (2), exoenzyme (1), exotoxin (2)	chpA, coxFIC1, cwp84, cylB, llsG, tagT
Non-specific virulence factors	7	Motility (6), nutritional/metabolic factor (1)	cheB-2, flaA, fliN, fliS, lfgK, pseB, pvdL

Functional classification	Number of genes	Secondary classification (gene count)	Gene name
Defensive virulence factors	9	Immune modulation (9)	bplA, cap8G, FTT_RS04105, GBS_RS06600, gmd, lgtA, ppsC, wcbF, YE_RS15445
Aggressive virulence factors	6	Adherence (1), effector delivery system (2), exoenzyme (1), exotoxin (2)	chpA, coxFIC1, cwp84, cylB, llsG, tagT
Non-specific virulence factors	7	Motility (6), nutritional/metabolic factor (1)	cheB-2, flaA, fliN, fliS, lfgK, pseB, pvdL

Secondary metabolic pathway	Gene name
Amino acid metabolism (17)	LDH, HAAO, DNMT1, argA, proB, EC 3.5.5.1, davA, ldcC, MCCC2, mhpD, ACMSD, mhpF, AUH, dmpC, ydfG, EC 1.5.1.45, kce
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites (6)	Cah, babC, UGT84A13, proB, EC 4.1.1.18, rfbD
Carbohydrate metabolism (32)	BDH, SORD, AKR1B, kduD, frdA, UGT, xylB, EC 3.1.1.11, IMA, EC 3.2.1.14, xfp, fumA, fumB, kdgD, garD, nanE, xylA, uxaC, accC, gatA, gatB, gatC, malX, nagE, iolJ, ioll, rmd, pseB, dgaF, hxpB, LDH, mhpF
Energy metabolism (12)	nirD, SUOX, tauD, tauB, tauA, tauC, doxD, EC 3.5.5.1, frdA, fumA, fumB, accC
Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (9)	rfbD, hya, waaL, gmhB, ugtP, wcaJ, pssF, rmd, pseB
Lipid metabolism (5)	HSD17B11, AKR1B, UGT, ugtP, accC
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (9)	mocA, rfk, selA, pepN, phnW, phnX, EC 1.5.1.45, AKR1B, UGT
Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides (2)	asm25, rfbD
Nucleotide metabolism (3)	ygeS, guaC, ydfG
Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism (6)	dmpH, mhpD, dmp, mhpF, UGT, EC 3.5.5.1
Metabolism of other amino acids (2)	tauD, EC 3.5.5.1

Secondary metabolic pathway	Gene name
Amino acid metabolism (17)	LDH, HAAO, DNMT1, argA, proB, EC 3.5.5.1, davA, ldcC, MCCC2, mhpD, ACMSD, mhpF, AUH, dmpC, ydfG, EC 1.5.1.45, kce
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites (6)	Cah, babC, UGT84A13, proB, EC 4.1.1.18, rfbD
Carbohydrate metabolism (32)	BDH, SORD, AKR1B, kduD, frdA, UGT, xylB, EC 3.1.1.11, IMA, EC 3.2.1.14, xfp, fumA, fumB, kdgD, garD, nanE, xylA, uxaC, accC, gatA, gatB, gatC, malX, nagE, iolJ, ioll, rmd, pseB, dgaF, hxpB, LDH, mhpF
Energy metabolism (12)	nirD, SUOX, tauD, tauB, tauA, tauC, doxD, EC 3.5.5.1, frdA, fumA, fumB, accC
Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (9)	rfbD, hya, waaL, gmhB, ugtP, wcaJ, pssF, rmd, pseB
Lipid metabolism (5)	HSD17B11, AKR1B, UGT, ugtP, accC
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (9)	mocA, rfk, selA, pepN, phnW, phnX, EC 1.5.1.45, AKR1B, UGT
Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides (2)	asm25, rfbD
Nucleotide metabolism (3)	ygeS, guaC, ydfG
Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism (6)	dmpH, mhpD, dmp, mhpF, UGT, EC 3.5.5.1
Metabolism of other amino acids (2)	tauD, EC 3.5.5.1

Classification (count)	Upregulated metabolites
Benzenoids (6)	Salicylamide, anthranilic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, bisoprolol, 3-bromo-5-phenylsalicylic acid, 1,1′-binaphthyl-8,8′-dicarboxylic acid
Lipids and lipid-like molecules (6)	3-methylthiopropionic acid, 3′-methoxy-6-gingerdiol-3,5-diacetate, 6-gingerdiol-3,5-diacetate, (10E,15Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10,15-dienoic acid, garcinoic acid, geniposidic acid
Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues (2)	6-thioinosine, 3-methyluridine
Organic acids and derivatives (8)	Lysine-N2,N6-diacetyl, N-acetyltryptophan, formiminoglutamic acid, diaminopimelic acid, N-acetylglutamic acid, threoninyl-alanine, royal jelly acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid
Organic nitrogen compounds (1)	Tetradonium cation
Organic oxygen compounds (8)	Maltose, trehalose, sucrose, melibiose, turanose, galactinol, (2S)-[(6-O-pentopyranosylhexopyranosyl)oxy](phenyl)acetonitrile, cadabicine_methyl_ether
Organoheterocyclic compounds (5)	Lumichrome, 2,3-quinoxalinedione-6-chloro-1,4-dihydro, indolelactic acid, piperazine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid), N-[6,6-dimethyl-5-(1-methylisonipecotoyl)-1,4-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-3-yl]-3-methylbutyramide
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides (1)	3,4-diphenyl-7-hydroxycoumarin
Others (3)	3-hydroxyundecanoyl carnitine, 3,5-dihydroxydodecanoylcarnitine, 4-hydroxydodecanedioylcarnitine

Classification (count)	Upregulated metabolites
Benzenoids (6)	Salicylamide, anthranilic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, bisoprolol, 3-bromo-5-phenylsalicylic acid, 1,1′-binaphthyl-8,8′-dicarboxylic acid
Lipids and lipid-like molecules (6)	3-methylthiopropionic acid, 3′-methoxy-6-gingerdiol-3,5-diacetate, 6-gingerdiol-3,5-diacetate, (10E,15Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10,15-dienoic acid, garcinoic acid, geniposidic acid
Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues (2)	6-thioinosine, 3-methyluridine
Organic acids and derivatives (8)	Lysine-N2,N6-diacetyl, N-acetyltryptophan, formiminoglutamic acid, diaminopimelic acid, N-acetylglutamic acid, threoninyl-alanine, royal jelly acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid
Organic nitrogen compounds (1)	Tetradonium cation
Organic oxygen compounds (8)	Maltose, trehalose, sucrose, melibiose, turanose, galactinol, (2S)-[(6-O-pentopyranosylhexopyranosyl)oxy](phenyl)acetonitrile, cadabicine_methyl_ether
Organoheterocyclic compounds (5)	Lumichrome, 2,3-quinoxalinedione-6-chloro-1,4-dihydro, indolelactic acid, piperazine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid), N-[6,6-dimethyl-5-(1-methylisonipecotoyl)-1,4-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-3-yl]-3-methylbutyramide
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides (1)	3,4-diphenyl-7-hydroxycoumarin
Others (3)	3-hydroxyundecanoyl carnitine, 3,5-dihydroxydodecanoylcarnitine, 4-hydroxydodecanedioylcarnitine

两株巨大普里斯特氏菌(Priestia megaterium)杀线功能差异及机制

PDF下载

董秀丽 , 黄思瑶 , 柳琛辉 , 王慈弘 , 沈嶢 , 虞方伯 , 赵梦丽 , 邱巍

微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(7): 3625-3641

收起

微生物学报 |研究报告 2026 , 66 (7) : 3625 -3641

两株巨大普里斯特氏菌(Priestia megaterium)杀线功能差异及机制

全屏

[Author(id=1280925107774276489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1280925107853968267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925107774276489, language=EN, stringName=Xiuli DONG, firstName=Xiuli, middleName=null, lastName=DONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1280925107950437260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925107774276489, language=CN, stringName=董秀丽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1280925106104943493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106117526406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106125915015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州)])]), Author(id=1280925108013351822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1280925108105626512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925108013351822, language=EN, stringName=Siyao HUANG, firstName=Siyao, middleName=null, lastName=HUANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1280925108172735377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925108013351822, language=CN, stringName=黄思瑶, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1280925106104943493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106117526406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106125915015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州)])]), Author(id=1280925108239844243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1280925108361479061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925108239844243, language=EN, stringName=Chenhui LIU, firstName=Chenhui, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1280925108428587926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925108239844243, language=CN, stringName=柳琛辉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1280925106104943493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106117526406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106125915015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州)])]), Author(id=1280925108604748696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1280925108688634778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925108604748696, language=EN, stringName=Cihong WANG, firstName=Cihong, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1280925108764132251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925108604748696, language=CN, stringName=王慈弘, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1280925106104943493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106117526406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106125915015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州)])]), Author(id=1280925108827046813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1280925108898349983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925108827046813, language=EN, stringName=Yao SHEN, firstName=Yao, middleName=null, lastName=SHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1280925108973847456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925108827046813, language=CN, stringName=沈嶢, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1280925106104943493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106117526406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106125915015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州)])]), Author(id=1280925109074510754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1280925109154202532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925109074510754, language=EN, stringName=Fangbo YU, firstName=Fangbo, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1280925109225505701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925109074510754, language=CN, stringName=虞方伯, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1280925106104943493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106117526406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106125915015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州)])]), Author(id=1280925109330363303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1280925109456192425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925109330363303, language=EN, stringName=Mengli ZHAO, firstName=Mengli, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1280925109561050026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925109330363303, language=CN, stringName=赵梦丽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1280925106104943493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106117526406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106125915015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州)])]), Author(id=1280925109653324716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=qiuwei@zafu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1280925109758182318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925109653324716, language=EN, stringName=Wei QIU, firstName=Wei, middleName=null, lastName=QIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1280925109846262703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, authorId=1280925109653324716, language=CN, stringName=邱巍, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1280925106104943493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106117526406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925106125915015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817693121036458, companyId=1280925106104943493, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州)])])]

董秀丽, 黄思瑶, 柳琛辉, 王慈弘, 沈嶢, 虞方伯, 赵梦丽, 邱巍

作者信息

浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州

作者简介:

作者贡献声明

董秀丽：试验研究，数据分析，论文撰写；黄思瑶：数据分析；柳琛辉：细菌培养；王慈弘：线虫生物测定；沈嶢：线虫繁殖；虞方伯：分析指导；赵梦丽：论文修改；邱巍：论文框架设计，分析指导，论文修改等。

Differences in nematicidal function and mechanisms between two strains of Priestia megaterium

Xiuli DONG, Siyao HUANG, Chenhui LIU, Cihong WANG, Yao SHEN, Fangbo YU, Mengli ZHAO, Wei QIU

Affiliations

Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

出版时间: 2026-07-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260050

文章导航

摘要

收起

南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)是全球范围内危害最严重的植物寄生线虫之一，对农业生产造成严重经济损失。生防细菌可有效防治南方根结线虫，且不同菌株防效差异显著，但其差异机制尚待深入解析。目的探究不同生防细菌对线虫的防效差异机制。方法通过分析生防细菌B133和B104的杀线活性差异，利用比较基因组学与代谢组学检测技术探究影响2株细菌杀线活性的基因组成及代谢差异机理。结果发酵24-120 h，菌株B133的杀线活性均显著高于菌株B104，且在第60 h达最高值，分别为77%和54%。全基因组分析发现，菌株B133的基因组长度和编码基因数量均大于菌株B104；基于16S rRNA基因和看家基因gyrB构建的系统发育树表明菌株B133和B104是巨大普里斯特氏菌(Priestia megaterium)的2个不同亚种。毒力因子数据库(virulence factors database, VFDB)与KEGG代谢通路预测结果表明，菌株B133相较于B104具有22个特有毒力因子基因与75个特有代谢相关基因。同时，测定培养60 h发酵滤液中的代谢物，采用主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)发现2株细菌的发酵滤液代谢物组成存在显著差异。相较于菌株B104，B133发酵滤液中40种代谢物的相对丰度显著上调(P<0.05)，如肌醇半乳糖苷、氨苯甲酸、光色素、邻氨基苯甲酸、海藻糖和3-甲基硫代丙酸等。进一步通过基因组与代谢组耦联分析发现，半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢作为关键通路包含B133菌株特有的L-乳酸脱氢酶编码基因(LDH)和相对丰度显著上调的3-甲基硫代丙酸，且3-甲基硫代丙酸与细菌杀线活性呈正相关。结论本研究通过耦联基因组与代谢组学技术揭示了2株P. megaterium细菌的差异功能基因簇及其潜在相关代谢物质，为高效线虫生防菌剂的定向筛选、改造及产业化开发奠定了重要的理论基础与实践依据。

关键词

生防细菌 / 比较基因组 / 非靶向代谢组 / 植物寄生线虫

Abstract

收起

Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most destructive plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide, causing severe economic losses in agricultural production. Biocontrol bacteria can effectively control M. incognita, with significant differences in control efficacy among different strains. However, the mechanisms underlying differences in control efficacy remain unclear. Objective To explore the mechanisms responsible for the different efficacy of various biocontrol bacteria against nematodes. Methods The differences in nematicidal activity between two biocontrol bacterial strains, B133 and B104, were analyzed. Comparative genomics and metabolomics techniques were employed to investigate the genetic composition and metabolic mechanisms influencing the nematicidal activity of the two strains. Result From 24 h to 120 h of fermentation, the nematicidal activity of strain B133 was significantly higher than that of strain B104, reaching peaks of 77% and 54%, respectively, at the time point of 60 h. Whole-genome comparative analysis revealed that strain B133 possessed a larger genome size and a greater number of coding genes than strain B104. The phylogenetic trees conducted based on 16S rRNA gene or the housekeeping gene gyrB indicated that strains B133 and B104 were two different subspecies of Priestia megaterium. Predictions based on the virulence factors database (VFDB) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database showed that strain B133 harbored 22 unique virulence genes and 75 unique metabolism genes compared with strain B104. Meanwhile, the metabolites in the fermentation filtrate (60 h) were determined. Principal component analysis demonstrated significant differences in metabolite profiles between the two strains. Compared with that of strain B104, the fermentation filtrate of strain B133 had 40 increased metabolites (P<0.05), such as galactinol, 4-aminobenzoic acid, lumichrome, anthranilic acid, trehalose, and 3-methylthiopropionic acid. Moreover, through integrated genomics-metabolomics analyses, cysteine and methionine metabolism was identified as a key pathway influencing nematicidal activity. This pathway involves an L-lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) gene unique to strain B133 and 3-methylthiopropanoic acid with an elevated level and a positive correlation with the nematicidal effect of the strain. Conclusion By coupling genomics and metabolomics, this study reveals the different functional gene clusters and potential related metabolites of different subspecies of P. megaterium, laying a theoretical foundation and a practical basis for the targeted screening, modification, and industrial development of efficient biocontrol agents for nematodes.

Key words

biocontrol bacterium / comparative genomics / non-target metabolomics / plant-parasitic nematode

引用本文

董秀丽, 黄思瑶, 柳琛辉, 王慈弘, 沈嶢, 虞方伯, 赵梦丽, 邱巍. 两株巨大普里斯特氏菌(Priestia megaterium)杀线功能差异及机制. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (7) : 3625 -3641 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260050

Xiuli DONG, Siyao HUANG, Chenhui LIU, Cihong WANG, Yao SHEN, Fangbo YU, Mengli ZHAO, Wei QIU. Differences in nematicidal function and mechanisms between two strains of Priestia megaterium[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (7) : 3625 -3641 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260050

正文

收起

南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)因其分布范围广、寄主种类多和危害程度重而成为最具破坏性的植物寄生线虫之一。据统计，南方根结线虫每年给全球农业生产造成的经济损失高达1 250亿美元，且呈逐年上升趋势^[1]。该线虫的二龄幼虫入侵寄主根系，诱导形成根结，阻碍植株养分吸收并抑制生长，严重时可致整株死亡；同时还可联合土传病原菌侵染寄主形成复合病害，严重制约农业的可持续发展^[2-3]。目前，防治南方根结线虫病的主要措施有化学防治和生物防治，其中化学防治应用广泛，但其高毒高残留特性严重威胁环境和人畜健康，且长期使用易导致线虫产生抗药性^[4-5]。生物防治主要是利用生防微生物及其代谢产物抑制或杀死线虫，以达到控制病害的目的^[6-7]。生物防治具有高效、安全无毒、不易产生抗性和无污染等特点，符合农业可持续发展的绿色理念^[8-9]。因此，生物防治日益受到重视，已成为当前防治南方根结线虫的研究热点之一。

生防细菌是生物防治的重要微生物资源，常见的有坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillus firmus)、链霉菌(Streptomyces)、荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)等。坚强芽孢杆菌YB-1503菌株处理南方根结线虫48 h的校正死亡率达70.0%^[5]。白刺链霉菌(S. albospinus) CT205菌株处理南方根结线虫24 h的校正死亡率达91.21%^[10]。变黑链霉菌(S. nigrescens) KA-1菌株处理南方根结线虫48 h的校正死亡率达91.3%^[11]。荧光假单胞菌MF11菌株处理南方根结线虫12 h的校正死亡率达94%^[12]。尽管已有诸多对南方根结线虫病具备防治潜力的生防细菌被报道，但现有研究多聚焦于表型防效，对其内在机制的挖掘仍显不足，尤其是关键基因调控代谢产物的机理尚缺乏系统性解析。

测序技术与代谢组学检测技术的飞速发展为深入解析生防细菌的杀线机制提供了有力支撑。通过全基因组测序与比较基因组学分析有助于系统挖掘生防细菌特有的毒力因子及关键代谢通路相关基因等差异。Xu等^[13]对2株具有不同拮抗活性的产酶溶杆菌(Lysobacter enzymogenes) (细菌拮抗菌株CX03和真菌/卵菌拮抗菌株CX06)进行比较基因组学分析，发现二者次级代谢产物合成基因簇及分泌系统相关基因的差异是导致其拮抗谱不同的核心因素。代谢组学作为基因组学的重要补充，可直接反映代谢物的动态变化，为关联基因组特征与杀线活性搭建桥梁^[14-15]。因此，将比较基因组学与代谢组学相结合，通过解析生防细菌代谢物差异与基因差异的关联，有望精准定位调控杀线活性的关键基因与代谢通路。

本研究选取2株同属近源细菌B133和B104，测定其杀线活性差异，利用比较基因组学技术明确二者在基因组特征、毒力因子编码基因及关键代谢物合成基因方面的差异，并通过非靶向代谢组学技术分析2株生防细菌的代谢产物差异特征。在此基础上，耦联比较基因组学与代谢组学分析结果，构建“基因-代谢物-杀线活性”关联网络，探究高杀线活性菌株中的关键代谢物及其合成相关基因，揭示高效生防菌株的内在杀线机制，以期为开发高效、稳定的线虫生防菌剂提供坚实的理论基础与技术支撑。

1 材料与方法

收起

1.1 材料

供试菌株：细菌B133和B104为本实验室从健康番茄根际土中分离筛选获得，经16S rRNA基因序列鉴定均为Priestia属细菌，于-80 ℃超低温冰箱保存备用。

供试线虫：南方根结线虫由本实验室以空心菜饲养繁殖。

NB液体培养基(g/L)：葡萄糖10.0，胰蛋白胨5.0，牛肉浸膏3.0，酵母提取物0.5，用于制备细菌发酵液。NA固体培养基(g/L)：葡萄糖10.0，胰蛋白胨5.0，牛肉浸膏3.0，酵母提取物0.5，琼脂粉20.0，用于平板培养。所有培养基均115 ℃灭菌30 min。

1.2 菌株的杀线活性测定

南方根结线虫二龄幼虫(J2)的获得：将接种南方根结线虫约60 d的空心菜根部清洗干净，挑取线虫卵块，置于25 ℃恒温培养箱中孵化，每24 h收集1次，连续收集5 d，于4 ℃冰箱暂存待用。线虫体外生物测定前需对线虫进行消毒，方法如下：将收集的J2线虫转移至1.5 mL离心管中，加入0.05%吐温-20 (以利于线虫沉淀富集)，8 000 r/min离心1 min，弃上清；加入1%次氯酸钠溶液，补充无菌水使管内次氯酸钠终浓度为0.5%，对线虫体表消毒5 min。随后8 000 r/min离心1 min，弃上清；加入无菌水清洗残留次氯酸钠，10 000 r/min离心1 min，弃上清，重复清洗3次；最后，在体视显微镜下观察并用无菌水调整线虫密度至100条/20 µL。

细菌不同发酵时间对线虫致死率的测定：将-80 ℃保存的菌株于NA固体培养基上划线，28 ℃恒温培养箱中培养24 h活化。用无菌枪头挑取单菌落，接种于NB液体培养基中，28 ℃、170 r/min培养，分别于12、24、36、48、60、72、84、96、108、120 h收集发酵液。将各时间点的发酵液于4 ℃、10 000 r/min离心5 min，去除大部分菌体，上清液经0.22 μm无菌滤膜过滤，获得发酵滤液。在24孔细胞培养板中，每孔加入1 mL发酵滤液及J2线虫100头，每个处理设6次重复，以培养相同时间的NB空白液体培养基为对照。25 ℃培养24 h后在体视显微镜下观察并统计线虫死亡情况。线虫死亡率计算如公式(1)所示，校正死亡率计算如公式(2)所示。

线虫死亡率=处理死亡数/线虫总数×100%(1)

校正死亡率=(处理死亡率-对照死亡率)/(100-对照死亡率)×100%⁽²⁾

1.3 菌株鉴定及系统发育树构建

按照细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒[生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司]说明书提取各菌株总DNA。采用通用引物27F (5′-AGAGTTTGAT CCTGGCTCAG-3′)和1492R (5′-TACGGTTACC TTGTTACGACTT-3′)对菌株16S rRNA基因进行PCR扩增，反应体系与参数同参考文献[16]。PCR产物送至北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司测序。将测序所得序列与NCBI数据库比对，筛选相似度排名靠前的16S rRNA基因序列并下载，利用MEGA 7.0软件采用邻接(neighbor-joining)法构建菌株系统发育树。

1.4 细菌全基因组测序和功能分析

1.4.1 全基因组测序

将细菌B133和B104接种至NB液体培养基中，28 ℃、170 r/min培养24 h，收集菌液，委托北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司进行全基因组测序。

细菌DNA提取并质检合格后，使用Covaris超声波破碎仪(强度4，65 s)进行随机打断，经末端修复、加A尾、连接测序接头、纯化及PCR扩增等步骤，利用DNA文库构建试剂盒[纽英伦生物技术(北京)有限公司]完成文库制备。文库构建完成后，先用Qubit 3.0进行初步定量并稀释文库，再用Qsep100检测插入片段大小，片段符合预期后以qPCR法对文库有效浓度进行准确定量。文库质检合格后，根据有效浓度及目标数据量将不同文库pooling至flowcell，经cBOT成簇后使用Illumina高通量测序平台(HiSeq X)进行测序。

对原始测序数据进行质量控制，去除低质量reads和接头序列，使用SPAdes v3.11.1 (http://cab.spbu.ru/software/spades/)进行de novo组装，获得最优组装结果^[17]。将基因组序列提交至NCBI GenBank数据库，登录号为SAMN54713093和SAMN54712792。

使用Prodigal v2.6.2 (https://github.com/hyattpd/prodigal/wiki)进行编码基因预测，利用tRNAscan-SE 2.0 (http://trna.ucsc.edu/software/)预测转运RNA基因，利用barrnap 0.7 (https://github.com/tseemann/barrnap) 预测核糖体RNA基因^[18]。

1.4.2 代谢通路注释

采用KEGG数据库(http://www.genome.jp/kegg/)对2株细菌全基因组序列进行代谢通路注释，通过统计与比较2株菌在各代谢通路中注释的基因数量，分析其代谢潜能差异。

1.4.3 功能预测

采用病原菌毒力因子数据库(virulence factors database, VFDB) (https://www.mgc.ac.cn/VFs)对菌株B133和B104的全基因组序列进行毒力因子基因注释，鉴定2株菌各自携带的毒力因子基因，并筛选出菌株B133中特有的毒力因子基因。

1.4.4 基因组共线性分析

采用Mauve软件对菌株B133与B104进行全基因组共线性分析，比较共线性区块的排列顺序、方向和断裂情况，分析2菌株基因组间的结构异同。

1.5 菌株代谢产物组学检测

将菌株B133和B104接种至NB液体培养基中，28 ℃、170 r/min培养60 h，收集菌液，委托北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司采用非靶向代谢组LC-MS技术进行代谢物分析。样品预处理与代谢物提取流程如下：吸取100 μL菌液于EP管中，加入-40 ℃预冷提取液400 μL (甲醇:乙腈=1:1)，涡旋振荡，冰浴静置5 min，4 ℃、8 000 r/min离心20 min；取上清液加入250 µL水，充分混匀后，4 ℃、8 000 r/min离心10 min，收集上清液。预处理后的样品上机分析，原始数据经质量控制剔除不稳定feature，并结合内标峰的峰形完整性和响应强度一致性筛选合格数据。预处理环节依次进行峰对齐、峰识别、基线校正及噪声去除，并进行峰面积归一化处理以消除样本基质差异与进样量波动的影响。最后基于自建数据库，依据一级质谱精确质量数匹配及二级质谱碎片离子峰匹配度等标准进行化合物鉴定，并通过自主编写的R包开展多维可视化分析，最终获得经质控验证、预处理优化与精准注释的代谢组学数据^[19-20]。

1.6 数据统计与分析

采用主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)对代谢物进行可视化，并基于置换多元方差分析(PERMANOVA)检验处理间代谢物组成差异(P<0.05)。数据统计采用Microsoft Excel 2018完成，基于R 4.3.1进行独立样本t检验(Student’s t-test)和倍数变化分析，以P<0.05且倍数变化(fold change)>2.0为差异显著标准，并采用火山图对差异代谢产物进行可视化。

2 结果与分析

收起

2.1 菌株B133和B104对南方根结线虫的杀线活性

采用体外生物测定法研究了菌株B133和B104的杀线虫活性，结果表明2株细菌对南方根结线虫均具有致死效果(图1)。发酵24-120 h期间，菌株B133的杀线活性均显著高于菌株B104 (P<0.05)。发酵60 h时，菌株B133和B104对线虫的校正死亡率均达最高值，分别为77%和54% (图1C)。

2.2 基因组概述

分别对菌株B133和B104进行全基因组测序、组装与注释，获得完整的基因组图谱(图2)。菌株B133的基因组大小为5 817 014 bp，G+C含量为37.54 %，共预测出5 934个编码基因、11个tRNA基因和72个rRNA操纵子。菌株B104的基因组大小为5 077 453 bp，G+C含量为38.05 %，共预测出5 164个编码基因、11个tRNA基因和82个rRNA操纵子。对比2株细菌的基因组发现，菌株B133的基因组大小和编码基因数量均高于B104。

2.3 系统发育和共线性分析

基于16S rRNA基因和看家基因gyrB序列分别构建系统发育树，结果表明B133和B104均属于普里斯特氏菌属(Priestia) (图3A)。为进一步明确其分类地位，利用看家基因gyrB构建系统发育树，发现菌株B133和B104与多株已知的巨大普里斯特氏菌P. megaterium (GenBank登录号分别为CP174470.1、CP180722.1、CP022674.1和CP026736.1等)聚为一支，其中B133与P. megaterium (CP174470.1)的序列相似度为100%，B104与P. megaterium (CP022674.1)的序列相似度为98% (图3B)。全基因组共线性分析结果显示，2株细菌基因组之间存在15个共线性区块，最大区块约为2 841 636 bp，表明二者基因组整体结构具有较高的相似度(图3C)。同时，发现多个明显的倒位和易位区域，表明B133和B104是P. megaterium种水平下的2个不同亚种。

2.4 VFDB毒力因子预测

基于毒力因子数据库预测结果显示，菌株B133中共鉴定出252个毒力因子基因，菌株B104中共鉴定出249个毒力因子基因，其中230个为二者共有(图4)。菌株B133特有22个毒力因子基因，包括防御性毒力因子相关基因9个、攻击性毒力因子相关基因6个和非特异性毒力因子相关基因7个(表1)。

2.5 KEGG代谢通路预测

基于KEGG数据库比较2株细菌基因组中代谢相关基因的数量差异，结果如图5所示。菌株B133有826个代谢相关基因，菌株B104有777个(图5A)。其中，751个基因为2株细菌共有，菌株B133有75个特有基因，菌株B104有26个特有基因。特有代谢相关基因分布于氨基酸代谢(amino acid metabolism)、碳水化合物代谢(carbohydrate metabolism)、能量代谢(energy metabolism)、糖链的生物合成与代谢(glycan biosynthesis and metabolism)、脂质代谢(lipid metabolism)、辅因子与维生素代谢(metabolism of cofactors and vitamins)、萜类与聚酮类化合物的代谢(metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides)、核苷酸代谢(nucleotide metabolism)、异生物质生物降解与代谢(xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism)、其他次级代谢产物的生物合成(biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites)以及其他氨基酸的代谢(metabolism of other amino acids)等11条代谢通路(表2)。此外，在二级代谢通路中2菌株的基因数量也存在明显差异，B133在各通路中的基因数量均高于B104 (图5B)。尤其是在氨基酸代谢通路中，B133有475个基因，高于B104的440个；在碳水化合物代谢通路中，B133有643个基因，高于B104的561个。

2.6 差异代谢物分析

非靶向代谢组LC-MS共检测出1 763种代谢物，包含834种负离子模式和929种正离子模式代谢物。PCA分析结果显示，菌株B133与B104的样本沿PC1轴明显分离，其解释度为42.2%，且2株细菌的代谢物组成存在显著差异(P=0.01) (图6A)。火山图分析结果显示，相较于B104，B133中有40种代谢物显著上调、86种显著下调(图6B)。其中，上调的差异代谢物主要涉及苯类化合物(benzenoids)，脂质和类脂分子(lipids and lipid-like molecules)，核苷、核苷酸及其类似物(nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues)，有机酸及其衍生物(organic acids and derivatives)，有机氮化合物(organic nitrogen compounds)，有机氧化合物(organic oxygen compounds)，有机杂环化合物(organoheterocyclic compounds)及苯丙烷类和聚酮类化合物(phenylpropanoids and polyketides)等类别(表3)。

2.7 关键代谢通路筛选

为深入解析菌株B133高杀线活性的物质基础，进一步将基因组与代谢组进行耦联分析，通过整合菌株B133特有基因与关键上调代谢产物，筛选可共同映射的KEGG代谢通路，最终获得1条关键代谢通路，即半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢通路(cysteine and methionine metabolism) (图7A)。该通路中，L-乳酸脱氢酶合成基因LDH (K00016)为菌株B133所特有，同时参与该通路的重要代谢产物3-甲基硫代丙酸(3-methylthiopropionic acid)在菌株B133中的相对丰度显著上调，约为菌株B104的2倍(图7B)。进一步分析发现，3-甲基硫代丙酸的相对丰度与细菌杀线活性呈显著正相关(R²=0.854 1, P<0.01)，表明该代谢物可能是菌株B133高杀线虫活性的关键因子(图7C)。

3 讨论

收起

在细菌分类学与系统发育研究中比较基因组序列同源性是判定菌株间亲缘关系的关键依据。其中，16S rRNA基因序列保守性较高，常用于细菌属级水平鉴定；而看家基因gyrB进化速率更快、种间分辨率更高，常用于种水平鉴定^[21]。吴蔚然等^[22]在黄瓜根结线虫生防菌株鉴定中，基于16S rRNA和gyrB基因序列构建系统发育树，结合序列比对结果确定菌株Sneb2550与解蛋白芽孢杆菌(B. proteolyticus)、菌株Sneb2556与解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciens)分别聚类且同源性最高，明确了其分类地位，验证了该方法在生防芽孢杆菌鉴定中的有效性。类似地，本研究中菌株B133和B104均与巨大普里斯特氏菌(P. megaterium)聚类且序列高度同源，同时2株细菌的全基因组G+C含量、tRNA基因及rRNA操纵子数量等均表现出高度相似性，表明二者在基础代谢、蛋白质合成能力等核心生命活动上保持高度一致性^[23-24]。细菌全基因组间共线性区块的分布、方向和连续性结构是菌株同源的典型特征，能够进一步解析亲缘关系的远近^[25-26]。Wu等^[27]发现双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)不同种之间基因组共线性区块的保留反映了种水平的适应性进化。此外，Yi等^[28]对Bacillus细菌亚种的比较基因组学研究揭示，通过识别易位和倒位等结构变异可以区分subtilis、spizizenii和inaquosorum等亚种。类似地，本研究中菌株B133和B104基因组间存在明显的倒位和易位结构，这可能是驱动二者对南方根结线虫杀线能力分化的关键因素。

生防细菌间抗病虫害功能存在强弱差异，其本质在于菌株间的遗传多态性，尤其是基因组大小、编码基因种类和数量的差异^[29-30]。姚萌等^[31]研究苏云金芽胞杆菌(B. thuringiensis) G03和HD1的杀虫活性时发现，菌株G03的杀虫活性更强，与其基因组中代谢相关基因数量更多有关。董婉玉^[32]对松材线虫的2种不同伴生细菌进行基因组比较发现，对线虫致病性较强的伴生细菌携带有更多的氨基酸、糖和能量等代谢功能基因。在细菌亚种分化的驱动下，具有强抗病性的菌株通常携带比家族其他成员更多的代谢基因簇和毒力因子基因簇^[33-35]。Susič等^[36]对比芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.ZZV12-4809和I-1582的基因组发现，菌株ZZV12-4809的基因组更大，且特有几丁质酶合成基因及丰富的次级代谢产物基因簇增强了其杀线活性。同样地，菌株B133特有的几丁质酶合成基因可有效降解病原真菌细胞壁、昆虫及线虫体壁中的几丁质，抑制病原真菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长，以及昆虫和线虫的发育^[37]。与菌株B104相比，菌株B133基因组中特有的毒力因子基因(如cwp84和pvdL等)可能与其强杀线活性密切相关。其中，半胱氨酸蛋白酶合成基因cwp84的核心功能是切割SlpA前体蛋白，使其形成成熟的S层亚基，而完整的SlpA蛋白是艰难拟梭菌(Clostridioides difficile)在线虫肠道内定殖和致病的关键因子^[38]。pvdL调控铜绿假单胞菌(P. aeruginosa)合成绿脓菌素，在秀丽隐杆线虫体内结合并夺取铁元素，破坏线粒体功能，通过自噬途径引发体内线粒体损伤，进而杀死宿主^[39-40]。

生防细菌能合成分泌丰富的代谢物，直接或间接抑制病原物，从而减轻植物病害发生^[41-42]。例如，肌醇半乳糖苷(galactinol)是根际有益细菌绿针假单胞菌(P. chlororaphis) O6诱导植物产生系统抗性所必需的长距离移动信号组分，可直接增强植物对多种病原菌的抗性，还可提高植物对干旱和高盐等非生物胁迫的耐受性^[43]。田间条件下，施用氨苯甲酸(4-aminobenzoic acid)可通过调节植物体内与抗病性相关酶活(POD、PAL)的变化，间接降低马铃薯块茎早疫病的发生^[44]。光色素(lumichrome)是由根际有益细菌产生的植物生长促进信号分子，可增强植物的整体健康和抗逆能力^[45]。水稻种子内生菌瓜类鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas melonis)可分泌小分子信号物质邻氨基苯甲酸(anthranilic acid)，靶向干扰苗床伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia plantarii)使其丧失侵染能力，进而保护水稻抵御病害侵染^[46]。海藻糖(trehalose)与芽孢杆菌A2混合使用可显著减轻黄瓜枯萎病发生，并能增强黄瓜的抗旱能力^[47]。同时，3-甲基硫代丙酸(3-methylthiopropionic acid)能抑制南方根结线虫卵孵化，对孵化幼虫表现出诱吸和杀线活性，可用土壤熏蒸，是一类新型杀线虫制剂^[48-49]。除已知的抗病相关代谢物外，菌株B133还分泌多种其他上调代谢物，但其杀线活性有待验证。值得注意的是，在半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢通路中，L-乳酸脱氢酶合成基因LDH和3-甲基硫代丙酸均在菌株B133中显著上调。该通路是否直接调控其高杀线活性仍需进一步探究。

4 结论

收起

发酵24-120 h期间，菌株B133的杀线活性均显著高于菌株B104，且第60 h活性最高。比较基因组分析表明，2株细菌基因组间存在15个共线性区块及多个易位区域，菌株B133的全基因组大小和编码基因数量均高于B104。B133特有22个毒力因子基因，多于B104的19个；同时B133特有75个代谢相关基因，远多于B104的26个，且含有特有的几丁质酶合成基因。进一步比较2株生防细菌培养60 h的代谢物组成差异，B133有40种代谢物显著上调，包括苯类化合物、脂质和类脂分子、核苷酸及其类似物、有机酸及其衍生物、有机氮化合物、有机氧化合物、有机杂环化合物及苯丙烷类和聚酮类化合物等。其中，肌醇半乳糖苷、氨苯甲酸、光色素、邻氨基苯甲酸、海藻糖和3-甲基硫代丙酸等已被证实对植物病害具有显著抑制效果。值得注意的是，在半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢通路中包含菌株B133特有的L-乳酸脱氢酶合成基因LDH和相对丰度显著上调的3-甲基硫代丙酸，且3-甲基硫代丙酸与细菌杀线活性呈显著正相关，推测该通路可能是调控其高杀线活性的关键，但仍需进一步验证。

基金

收起

浙江省自然科学基金(LQ22C150005)
国家自然科学基金(32102299)
国家自然科学基金(32102472)
浙江农林大学科研发展基金(2021FR021)
浙江农林大学大学生创新训练项目(S202510341125)

参考文献

收起

文献

收起

参考文献引证文献

排序方式：

[1]

谢映. 几种生物制剂对南方根结线虫防控效果的评价[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2019.

Xie

. Evaluation of several biological agents on the control effect of Meloidogyne incognita [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2019 (in Chinese).

[2]

付广寒. 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌TA-1诱导番茄抗南方根结线虫研究[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2023.

. Research on Bacillus velezensis TA-1 induces resistance against Meloidogyne incognita in tomato[D]. Tai’an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2023 (in Chinese).

[3]

刘雅洁. 南方根结线虫生防细菌的分离筛选及应用潜力研究[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2023.

Liu

. Isolation and screening of biocontrol bacteria against southern root-knot nematode and the study of their application potential[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2023 (in Chinese).

[4]

王丽菲, 武小斌, 朱晓峰, 王媛媛, 赵迪, 杨宁, 刘晓宇, 段玉玺, 范海燕, 陈立杰. 南方根结线虫生防真菌的筛选鉴定及防效研究[J]. 植物保护, 2024, 50(6): 62-70, 125.

Wang

, Wu

, Zhu

, Wang

, Zhao

, Yang

, Liu

, Duan

, Fan

, Chen

. Screening, identification and efficacy of biocontrol fungi against southern root-knot nematode[J]. Plant Protection, 2024, 50(6): 62-70, 125 (in Chinese).

[5]

付艳艳, 张洁, 朱文倩, 夏明聪, 孙润红, 徐文, 郎剑锋, 潘娅梅, 武超, 杨丽荣, 吴艳兵, 李东梅. 南方根结线虫生防菌YB-1503菌株鉴定及作用机理研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2023, 39(2): 429-437.

, Zhang

, Zhu

, Xia

, Sun

, Xu

, Lang

, Pan

, Wu

, Yang

, Wu

, Li

. Identification and mechanism of strain YB-1503 for biological control of Meloidogyne incognita [J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2023, 39(2): 429-437 (in Chinese).

[6]

姚玉荣, 霍建飞, 郝永娟, 王万立. 根结线虫生防真菌交枝顶孢原生质体的制备与再生体系构建[J]. 植物保护, 2020, 46(6): 149-154.

Yao

, Huo

, Hao

, Wang

. Preparation and regeneration of protoplasts from the biocontrol fungus Acremonium implicatum [J]. Plant Protection, 2020, 46(6): 149-154 (in Chinese).

[7]

李德全, 邓自发, 曹云英, 孙利军. 芽孢杆菌NH-8对番茄根结线虫病的生防效果[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2020, 48(8): 108-110.

, Deng

, Cao

, Sun

. Biocontrol effect of Bacillus NH-8 on tomato root-knot nematode disease[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 48(8): 108-110 (in Chinese).

[8]

李磊, 赵俊杰, 刘莹莹, 甄静, 李亮亮, 陈国参, 慕琦, 王继雯. 高效根结线虫生防真菌筛选及其性能研究[J]. 生物学杂志, 2021, 38(6): 70-74, 81.

, Zhao

, Liu

, Zhen

, Li

, Chen

, Mu

, Wang

. Screening and performance of high-efficiency root-knot nematode biocontrol fungi[J]. Journal of Biology, 2021, 38(6): 70-74, 81 (in Chinese).

[9]

Subedi

, Thapa

, Shrestha

. Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and its management: a review[J]. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2020, 3(2): 21-31.

[10]

金涵, 李梦雅, 姚感, 王小姣, 王世梅. 白刺链霉菌CT205对南方根结线虫的毒杀作用及盆栽防效[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2023, 46(1): 63-70.

Jin

, Li

, Yao

, Wang

. Nematicidal ability on Meloidogyne incognita and pot-plant control effect of Streptomyces albospinus CT205[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2023, 46(1): 63-70 (in Chinese).

[11]

Park

, Jang

, Park

, Yang

, Kim

, Park

, Lee

, Yun

, Lee

, Rho

. Efficacy evaluation of Streptomyces nigrescens KA-1 against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita [J]. Biological Control, 2023, 179: 105150.

[12]

周冬梅, 何亮亮, 李伟山, 冯辉, 赵敏, 纠敏, 魏利辉. 荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens) MF11对根结线虫病的防效评价[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2021, 37(2): 326-332.

Zhou

, He

, Li

, Feng

, Zhao

, Jiu

, Wei

. Evaluation of the control effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens MF11 on dis-eases caused by Meloidogyne incognita in tomato[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 37(2): 326-332 (in Chinese).

[13]

, Zhang

, Xie

, Shi

, Chai

, Fan

, Li

. Comparative genomics provides insights into the potential biocontrol mechanism of two Lysobacter enzymogenes strains with distinct antagonistic activities[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022, 13: 966986.

[14]

许沛冬, 易剑锋, 陈迪, 陈浩, 谢丙炎, 赵文军. 组学技术在生防芽胞杆菌的应用进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(10): 208-220.

, Yi

, Chen

, Xie

, Zhao

. Progress in the application of omics technology in biocontrol Bacillus [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(10): 208-220 (in Chinese).

[15]

Santos Arini

, Borelli

, Ferreira

, de Felício

, Rezende-Teixeira

, Pedrino

, Rabiço

, de Siqueira

GMV

, Mencucini

, Tsuji

, Neves Andrade

, Garrido

, Padilla

, Gil-de-la-Fuente

, Wang

, Lopes

, Barbosa Trivella

, Costa-Lotufo

, Guazzaroni

, Roberto da Silva

. A multi-omics reciprocal analysis for characterization of bacterial metabolism[J]. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 2025, 12: 1515276.

[16]

郭玲玲, 江志阳, 陶姝宇, 田佳美, 王洪奇, 张晶. 一株耐高温产纤维素酶芽胞杆菌的筛选鉴定及其液体发酵条件优化[J]. 微生物学杂志, 2022, 42(2): 43-49.

Guo

, Jiang

, Tao

, Tian

, Wang

, Zhang

. Screening characterization and liquid fermentation conditions optimization of a high temperature tolerant cellulase-producing Bacillus strain[J]. Journal of Microbiology, 2022, 42(2): 43-49 (in Chinese).

[17]

Wick

, Judd

, Gorrie

, Holt

. Unicycler: resolving bacterial genome assemblies from short and long sequencing reads[J]. PLoS Computational Biology, 2017, 13(6): e1005595.

[18]

Chan

, Lin

, Mak

, Lowe

. tRNAscan-SE 2.0: improved detection and functional classification of transfer RNA genes[J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 2021, 49(16): 9077-9096.

[19]

Zhou

, Luo

, Zhang

, Yin

, Cai

, Zhu

. Metabolite annotation from knowns to unknowns through knowledge-guided multi-layer metabolic networking[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 6656.

[20]

Picart-Armada

, Fernández-Albert

, Vinaixa

, Yanes

, Perera-Lluna

. FELLA: an R package to enrich metabolomics data[J]. BMC Bioinformatics, 2018, 19: 538.

[21]

陈天楠, 胡鲲. 基于16S rRNA和gyrB基因串联DNA特征序列的气单胞菌鉴定方法[J]. 南方农业学报, 2023, 54(6): 1858-1867.

Chen

, Hu

. Identification of Aeromonas based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene tandem DNA characteristic sequence[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2023, 54(6): 1858-1867 (in Chinese).

[22]

吴蔚然, 朱晓峰, 王媛媛, 刘晓宇, 赵迪, 杨宁, 段玉玺, 范海燕, 陈立杰. 黄瓜南方根结线虫病生防芽孢杆菌的筛选鉴定及防效[J]. 微生物学报, 2025, 65(8): 3748-3764.

, Zhu

, Wang

, Liu

, Zhao

, Yang

, Duan

, Fan

, Chen

. Screening, identification, and efficacy evaluation of Bacillus strains for biocontrol of cucumber root-knot nematodes[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025, 65(8): 3748-3764 (in Chinese).

[23]

Eastman

, Heinrichs

, Yuan

. Comparative and genetic analysis of the four sequenced Paenibacillus polymyxa genomes reveals a diverse metabolism and conservation of genes relevant to plant-growth promotion and competitiveness[J]. BMC Genomics, 2014, 15: 851.

[24]

周江林. 基于全基因组的细菌鉴定分类与进化变异研究[D]. 北京: 军事科学院, 2020.

Zhou

. Research on the identification, classification and evolutionary variation of bacteria based on whole genome[D]. Beijing: Academy of Military Science, 2020 (in Chinese).

[25]

林曼曼, 刘琴, 韩光杰, 黄立鑫, 夏杨, 李传明, 张楠, 陆玉荣, 徐彬, 徐健. 嗜线虫致病杆菌YZ011对鳞翅目昆虫杀虫活性及比较基因组学分析[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2025, 41(2): 258-267.

Lin

, Liu

, Han

, Huang

, Xia

, Li

, Zhang

, Lu

, Xu

. Insecticidal activity and comparative genomics analysis of Xenorhabdus nematophila YZ011 against lepidopteran insects[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 41(2): 258-267 (in Chinese).

[26]

周江鸿, 夏菲, 仲丽, 仇兰芬, 李广, 刘倩, 张国锋, 邵金丽, 李娜, 车少臣. 黄栌枯萎病拮抗细菌CCBC3-3-1的全基因组测序及比较基因组分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(7): 235-246.

Zhou

, Xia

, Zhong

, Qiu

, Li

, Liu

, Zhang

, Shao

, Li

, Che

. Whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of antagonistic bacterium CCBC3-3-1 against Verticillium dahlia [J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(7): 235-246 (in Chinese).

[27]

, Yang

, Mu

, Guo

, Song

, Yang

, Cui

. Insights into Yersinia pestis evolution through rearrangement analysis of 242 complete genomes[J]. Nature Genetics, 2025, 57(8): 1994-2003.

[28]

, Chun

, Cha

. Genomic insights into the taxonomic status of the three subspecies of Bacillus subtilis [J]. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 2014, 37(2): 95-99.

[29]

Näpflin

, Schubert

, Malfertheiner

, Hardt

, von Mering

. Gene-level analysis of core carbohydrate metabolism across the Enterobacteriaceae pan-genome[J]. Communications Biology, 2025, 8: 1241.

[30]

李虹梅, 何明川, 高熹, 兰明先, 刘全俊, 施春兰, 杨蕊, 李金梁, 唐萍, 吴国星. 生防菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌MC2-1全基因组测序分析[J]. 南方农业学报, 2022, 53(12): 3420-3432.

, He

, Gao

, Lan

, Liu

, Shi

, Yang

, Li

, Tang

, Wu

. Whole genome sequencing analysis of a biocontrol bacterium Bacillus velezensis MC2-1[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2022, 53(12): 3420-3432 (in Chinese).

[31]

姚萌, 王奎, 束长龙, 杜立新, 李海涛, 丁明月, 刘荣梅. 苏云金芽胞杆菌G03菌株的比较基因组分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(10): 187-193.

Yao

, Wang

, Shu

, Du

, Li

, Ding

, Liu

. Comparative genomic analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis strain G03[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(10): 187-193 (in Chinese).

[32]

董婉玉. 不同致病力松材线虫伴生细菌差异及荧光假单胞菌调控松材线虫基因表达的初步研究[D]. 青岛: 青岛大学, 2021.

Dong

. Preliminary study on the differences of associated bacteria of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus with different pathogenicity and Pseudomonas fluorescens regulating gene expression of pine wood nematode[D]. Qingdao: Qingdao University, 2021 (in Chinese).

[33]

刘泽文, 蔡腾, 杨玉婷, 陈诗琦, 李逸彤, 刘天颐, 王宏洪, 毛子翎, 单体江. 蜡样芽胞杆菌SAU03次生代谢产物及其杀线虫活性[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(1): 91-102.

Liu

, Cai

, Yang

, Chen

, Li

, Liu

, Wang

, Mao

, Shan

. Secondary metabolites of Bacillus cereus SAU03 and their nematicidal activities[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(1): 91-102 (in Chinese).

[34]

Palma

, Bel

, Escriche

. Draft genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis strain V-AB8.18, a novel isolate with potential nematicidal activity[J]. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 2024, 13(7): e00227-24.

[35]

Liu

, Yin

, Zhu

, Zhan

, Lin

, Yan

. Comparative genomic analysis of Bacillus velezensis BRI3 reveals genes potentially associated with efficient antagonism of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary[J]. Genes, 2024, 15(12): 1588.

[36]

Susič

, Janežič

, Rupnik

, Stare

. Whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics of two nematicidal Bacillus strains reveals a wide range of possible virulence factors[J]. G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics, 2020, 10(3): 881-890.

[37]

马赛买, 李同源, 马燕军, 韩富军, 彭海, 孔维宝. 几丁质酶在农作物病虫害生物防治中的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(10): 29-40.

, Li

, Ma

, Han

, Peng

, Kong

. Research progress in chitinase involving in the biocontrol of crop diseases and pests[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(10): 29-40 (in Chinese).

[38]

Royer

ALM

, Umansky

, Allen

, Garneau

, Ospina-Bedoya

, Kirk

, Govoni

, Fagan

, Soutourina

, Fortier

. Clostridioides difficile S-layer protein a (SlpA) serves as a general phage receptor[J]. Microbiology Spectrum, 2023, 11(2): e03894-22.

[39]

Kang

, Kirienko

, Webster

, Fisher

, Kirienko

. Pyoverdine, a siderophore from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, translocates into C. elegans, removes iron, and activates a distinct host response[J]. Virulence, 2018, 9(1): 804-817.

[40]

Rezzoagli

, Granato

, Kümmerli

. In-vivo microscopy reveals the impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa social interactions on host colonization[J]. The ISME Journal, 2019, 13(10): 2403-2414.

[41]

Selim

MSM

, Abdelhamid

, Mohamed

. Secondary metabolites and biodiversity of actinomycetes[J]. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 2021, 19(1): 72.

[42]

Wen

, Ding

, Thomashow

, Hale

, Yang

, Xie

, Liu

, Wang

, Shen

, Yuan

. Deciphering the mechanism of fungal pathogen-induced disease-suppressive soil[J]. New Phytologist, 2023, 238(6): 2634-2650.

[43]

Kim

, Cho

, Kang

, Im

, Hwangbo

, Kim

, Ryu

, Yang

, Chung

, Cho

. Galactinol is a signaling component of the induced systemic resistance caused by Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 root colonization[J]. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®, 2008, 21(12): 1643-1653.

[44]

高冬婷, 蒋继志, 刘洋, 王凤春, 范继业, 边瑞环. 3种化学物质诱导马铃薯块茎抗早疫病的初步研究[J]. 华北农学报, 2007, 22(1): 148-151.

Gao

, Jiang

, Liu

, Wang

, Fan

, Bian

. Preliminary research on inducing resistance in potato tuber against early blight with 3 chemicals[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2007, 22(1): 148-151 (in Chinese).

[45]

Dakora

, Matiru

, Kanu

. Rhizosphere ecology of lumichrome and riboflavin, two bacterial signal molecules eliciting developmental changes in plants[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2015, 6: 700.

[46]

Matsumoto

, Fan

, Wang

, Kusstatscher

, Duan

, Wu

, Chen

, Qiao

, Wang

, Ma

, Zhu

, Hashidoko

, Berg

, Cernava

, Wang

. Bacterial seed endophyte shapes disease resistance in rice[J]. Nature Plants, 2021, 7(1): 60-72.

[47]

黄敬媗, 黄鑫, 郭晓静, 张广楠, 张爱香, 李世东, 郭荣君. 海藻糖与芽胞杆菌A2混用增强黄瓜抗缺水胁迫和抗枯萎病能力[J]. 农业与技术, 2024, 44(18): 1-4.

[48]

Chen

, Wang

, Zhu

, Min

, Tian

, Gong

, Liu

. 3-(methylthio)propionic acid from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner exhibits high nematicidal activity against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, 25(3): 1708.

[49]

陈凌, 刘晓艳, 刘南茜, 王梦思. 3-甲硫基丙酸在制备杀线虫制剂中的应用: CN202111337451.0[P]. 2022-01-11.

2026年第66卷第7期

PDF下载

198

引用本文

BibTeX

文章信息

doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260050

接收时间：2026-01-19
首发时间：2026-07-06
出版时间：2026-07-04

补充材料

相关文章

文章信息

作者

出版历史

收稿日期：2026-01-19
录用日期：2026-02-27

基金

The Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ22C150005)

浙江省自然科学基金(LQ22C150005)

The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102299)

国家自然科学基金(32102299)

国家自然科学基金(32102472)

The Research and Development Fund of Zhejiang A&F University(2021FR021)

浙江农林大学科研发展基金(2021FR021)

The Student Innovation Training Program of Zhejiang A&F University(S202510341125)

浙江农林大学大学生创新训练项目(S202510341125)

作者信息

浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院，浙江省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室，森林食物资源挖掘与利用全国重点实验室，浙江杭州

通讯作者:

参考文献

分享链接

https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260050

分享至

全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文

BibTeX

本文的引用情况

2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

关闭全屏

BibTeX
EndNote
RefWorks
TxT

Functional classification	Number of genes	Secondary classification (gene count)	Gene name
Defensive virulence factors	9	Immune modulation (9)	bplA, cap8G, FTT_RS04105, GBS_RS06600, gmd, lgtA, ppsC, wcbF, YE_RS15445
Aggressive virulence factors	6	Adherence (1), effector delivery system (2), exoenzyme (1), exotoxin (2)	chpA, coxFIC1, cwp84, cylB, llsG, tagT
Non-specific virulence factors	7	Motility (6), nutritional/metabolic factor (1)	cheB-2, flaA, fliN, fliS, lfgK, pseB, pvdL

Functional classification

Number of genes

Secondary classification (gene count)

Gene name

Defensive virulence factors

Immune modulation (9)

bplA, cap8G, FTT_RS04105, GBS_RS06600, gmd, lgtA, ppsC, wcbF, YE_RS15445

Aggressive virulence factors

Adherence (1), effector delivery system (2), exoenzyme (1), exotoxin (2)

chpA, coxFIC1, cwp84, cylB, llsG, tagT

Non-specific virulence factors

Motility (6), nutritional/metabolic factor (1)

cheB-2, flaA, fliN, fliS, lfgK, pseB, pvdL

Secondary metabolic pathway	Gene name
Amino acid metabolism (17)	LDH, HAAO, DNMT1, argA, proB, EC 3.5.5.1, davA, ldcC, MCCC2, mhpD, ACMSD, mhpF, AUH, dmpC, ydfG, EC 1.5.1.45, kce
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites (6)	Cah, babC, UGT84A13, proB, EC 4.1.1.18, rfbD
Carbohydrate metabolism (32)	BDH, SORD, AKR1B, kduD, frdA, UGT, xylB, EC 3.1.1.11, IMA, EC 3.2.1.14, xfp, fumA, fumB, kdgD, garD, nanE, xylA, uxaC, accC, gatA, gatB, gatC, malX, nagE, iolJ, ioll, rmd, pseB, dgaF, hxpB, LDH, mhpF
Energy metabolism (12)	nirD, SUOX, tauD, tauB, tauA, tauC, doxD, EC 3.5.5.1, frdA, fumA, fumB, accC
Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (9)	rfbD, hya, waaL, gmhB, ugtP, wcaJ, pssF, rmd, pseB
Lipid metabolism (5)	HSD17B11, AKR1B, UGT, ugtP, accC
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (9)	mocA, rfk, selA, pepN, phnW, phnX, EC 1.5.1.45, AKR1B, UGT
Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides (2)	asm25, rfbD
Nucleotide metabolism (3)	ygeS, guaC, ydfG
Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism (6)	dmpH, mhpD, dmp, mhpF, UGT, EC 3.5.5.1
Metabolism of other amino acids (2)	tauD, EC 3.5.5.1

Secondary metabolic pathway

Gene name

Amino acid metabolism (17)

LDH, HAAO, DNMT1, argA, proB, EC 3.5.5.1, davA, ldcC, MCCC2, mhpD, ACMSD, mhpF, AUH, dmpC, ydfG, EC 1.5.1.45, kce

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites (6)

Cah, babC, UGT84A13, proB, EC 4.1.1.18, rfbD

Carbohydrate metabolism (32)

BDH, SORD, AKR1B, kduD, frdA, UGT, xylB, EC 3.1.1.11, IMA, EC 3.2.1.14, xfp, fumA, fumB, kdgD, garD, nanE, xylA, uxaC, accC, gatA, gatB, gatC, malX, nagE, iolJ, ioll, rmd, pseB, dgaF, hxpB, LDH, mhpF

Energy metabolism (12)

nirD, SUOX, tauD, tauB, tauA, tauC, doxD, EC 3.5.5.1, frdA, fumA, fumB, accC

Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (9)

rfbD, hya, waaL, gmhB, ugtP, wcaJ, pssF, rmd, pseB

Lipid metabolism (5)

HSD17B11, AKR1B, UGT, ugtP, accC

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (9)

mocA, rfk, selA, pepN, phnW, phnX, EC 1.5.1.45, AKR1B, UGT

Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides (2)

asm25, rfbD

Nucleotide metabolism (3)

ygeS, guaC, ydfG

Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism (6)

dmpH, mhpD, dmp, mhpF, UGT, EC 3.5.5.1

Metabolism of other amino acids (2)

tauD, EC 3.5.5.1

Classification (count)	Upregulated metabolites
Benzenoids (6)	Salicylamide, anthranilic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, bisoprolol, 3-bromo-5-phenylsalicylic acid, 1,1′-binaphthyl-8,8′-dicarboxylic acid
Lipids and lipid-like molecules (6)	3-methylthiopropionic acid, 3′-methoxy-6-gingerdiol-3,5-diacetate, 6-gingerdiol-3,5-diacetate, (10E,15Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10,15-dienoic acid, garcinoic acid, geniposidic acid
Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues (2)	6-thioinosine, 3-methyluridine
Organic acids and derivatives (8)	Lysine-N2,N6-diacetyl, N-acetyltryptophan, formiminoglutamic acid, diaminopimelic acid, N-acetylglutamic acid, threoninyl-alanine, royal jelly acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid
Organic nitrogen compounds (1)	Tetradonium cation
Organic oxygen compounds (8)	Maltose, trehalose, sucrose, melibiose, turanose, galactinol, (2S)-[(6-O-pentopyranosylhexopyranosyl)oxy](phenyl)acetonitrile, cadabicine_methyl_ether
Organoheterocyclic compounds (5)	Lumichrome, 2,3-quinoxalinedione-6-chloro-1,4-dihydro, indolelactic acid, piperazine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid), N-[6,6-dimethyl-5-(1-methylisonipecotoyl)-1,4-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-3-yl]-3-methylbutyramide
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides (1)	3,4-diphenyl-7-hydroxycoumarin
Others (3)	3-hydroxyundecanoyl carnitine, 3,5-dihydroxydodecanoylcarnitine, 4-hydroxydodecanedioylcarnitine

Classification (count)

Upregulated metabolites

Benzenoids (6)

Salicylamide, anthranilic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, bisoprolol, 3-bromo-5-phenylsalicylic acid, 1,1′-binaphthyl-8,8′-dicarboxylic acid

Lipids and lipid-like molecules (6)

3-methylthiopropionic acid, 3′-methoxy-6-gingerdiol-3,5-diacetate, 6-gingerdiol-3,5-diacetate, (10E,15Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10,15-dienoic acid, garcinoic acid, geniposidic acid

Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues (2)

6-thioinosine, 3-methyluridine

Organic acids and derivatives (8)

Lysine-N2,N6-diacetyl, N-acetyltryptophan, formiminoglutamic acid, diaminopimelic acid, N-acetylglutamic acid, threoninyl-alanine, royal jelly acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid

Organic nitrogen compounds (1)

Tetradonium cation

Organic oxygen compounds (8)

Maltose, trehalose, sucrose, melibiose, turanose, galactinol, (2S)-[(6-O-pentopyranosylhexopyranosyl)oxy](phenyl)acetonitrile, cadabicine_methyl_ether

Organoheterocyclic compounds (5)

Lumichrome, 2,3-quinoxalinedione-6-chloro-1,4-dihydro, indolelactic acid, piperazine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid), N-[6,6-dimethyl-5-(1-methylisonipecotoyl)-1,4-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-3-yl]-3-methylbutyramide

Phenylpropanoids and polyketides (1)

3,4-diphenyl-7-hydroxycoumarin

Others (3)

3-hydroxyundecanoyl carnitine, 3,5-dihydroxydodecanoylcarnitine, 4-hydroxydodecanedioylcarnitine