Article(id=1280817681947406637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250970, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1766592000000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1770825600000, acceptedDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineDate=1783300331814, onlineDateStr=2026-07-06, pubDate=1783094400000, pubDateStr=2026-07-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783300331814, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783300331814, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783300331814, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1280817479555462000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='7', pageStart='3121', pageEnd='3677', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783094400000', pubDateStr='2026-07-04', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783300283564, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783326087324, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1280925708813832745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1280925708813832746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3526, endPage=3543, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1280817682454917422, articleId=1280817681947406637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Overexpression of the phosphatase gene Ssppe1 regulates the sexual mating and pathogenicity of Sporisorium scitamineum, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Sugarcane smut is a severe fungal disease caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, resulting in yield reduction and economic losses. Reversible protein phosphorylation plays a crucial role in the sexual mating and pathogenicity of S. scitamineum. Protein phosphatases, as key regulators of reversible protein phosphorylation, remain poorly characterized in S. scitamineum. Objective To elucidate the biological functions of the protein phosphatase SsPpe1 in S. scitamineum, providing a potential target for effective control of sugarcane smut. Methods We constructed overexpression mutants OE-Ssppe1 by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation technology and analyzed the sporidium morphology, sexual mating ability, stress tolerance, and pathogenicity. Results The OE-Ssppe1 sporidia exhibited pseudohyphal morphology with multiple nuclei and abnormal chitin accumulation. The OE-Ssppe1 mutants showed reduced tolerance to NaCl and SDS, sexual mating, and pathogenicity. RT-qPCR and RNA-seq analyses revealed that Ssppe1 overexpression affected the expression of genes related to pheromone response, MAPK, and cAMP-PKA signaling pathways. In addition, Ssppe1 overexpression affected protein synthesis and folding process. Conclusion The protein phosphatase SsPpe1 is involved in regulating the sporidium morphology, stress responses, sexual mating, and pathogenicity of S. scitamineum. These findings provide a theoretical basis for thoroughly elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of S. scitamineum and developing targeted disease control strategies.

, authors=Jinfeng QIU1, 3, 4, Zhuyi HU2, Ailing ZHOU2, Haoming WU1, 3, 4, Lijiu ZHAO1, 2, 4, Ru LI1, 2, 3, authorsList=Jinfeng QIU, Zhuyi HU, Ailing ZHOU, Haoming WU, Lijiu ZHAO, Ru LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ru LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1280817686095573313, articleId=1280817681947406637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=磷酸酶 Ssppe1 基因过表达对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌有性配合和致病性的调控作用, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

甘蔗黑穗病是由甘蔗鞭黑粉菌(Sporisorium scitamineum)引起的严重真菌病害,会导致甘蔗减产与经济损失。蛋白可逆磷酸化对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的有性配合和致病性至关重要。蛋白磷酸酶作为可逆磷酸化的关键调节因子,其在甘蔗鞭黑粉菌中的作用尚未明确。 目的 揭示磷酸酶SsPpe1在甘蔗鞭黑粉菌中的生物学功能,为甘蔗黑穗病的高效防控提供重要靶标。 方法 利用农杆菌介导的遗传转化技术构建甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的Ssppe1过表达突变体OE-Ssppe1,系统分析其担孢子形态、有性配合能力、胁迫耐受性及致病性。 结果 OE-Ssppe1过表达株的担孢子呈假菌丝状,细胞核数目增多,几丁质分布异常;其对NaCl和SDS的耐受性降低;有性配合能力显著减弱,致病性明显下降。RT-qPCR与RNA-seq分析表明,Ssppe1过表达影响了信息素响应、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(Mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK)和环磷酸腺苷-蛋白激酶A(cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A, cAMP-PKA)信号通路相关基因的表达,并干扰蛋白质的合成与折叠过程。 结论 磷酸酶SsPpe1参与调控甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的担孢子形态建成、胁迫响应、有性配合和致病过程,为深入解析甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的致病机制及开发靶向防控策略提供了理论依据。

, authors=仇金凤1, 3, 4, 胡朱奕2, 周皑灵2, 吴昊鸣1, 3, 4, 赵丽九1, 2, 4, 李茹1, 2, 3, authorsList=仇金凤, 胡朱奕, 周皑灵, 吴昊鸣, 赵丽九, 李茹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李茹, authorNote=

作者贡献声明

仇金凤:研究构思和设计、实验操作和论文撰写;胡朱奕:实验操作及数据收集;周皑灵:数据收集与处理;吴昊鸣:参与论文讨论,协助论文修改;赵丽九:转录组学数据分析;李茹:论文指导、修改及经费支持。

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2.College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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A: Schematic diagram of the construction of the pEX2-GAP-Ssppe1 plasmid; B: Restriction enzyme Hind Ⅲ digestion verification of the pEX2-GAP-Ssppe1 plasmid (Lane M: Marker; Lane 1: pEX2 plasmid after restriction enzyme digestion; Lane 2: GAP-Ssppe1 fragment; Lanes 3, 4: pEX2-GAP-Ssppe1 plasmid after restriction enzyme digestion); C: PCR analysis of Ssppe1 overexpression transformants (Lane 1: JG35; Lanes 2-4: JG35-OE-Ssppe1 mutants; Lane 5: JG36; Lanes 6-8: JG36-OE-Ssppe1 mutants); D, E: RT-qPCR analysis of JG35-OE-Ssppe1 mutants and JG36-OE-Ssppe1 mutants [The expression level of Ssppe1 in JG35 or JG36 was set as 1.0. Error bars indicate the standard error of three independent assays; *: P˂0.05; ***: P˂0.001 (Student’s t test)]., figureFileSmall=Oe5NcWdTZCWdPq9cQGc4kw==, figureFileBig=+nriOmparcOGx6PjzHmNDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925078896493273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Ssppe1 过表达突变体的构建, figureFileSmall=Oe5NcWdTZCWdPq9cQGc4kw==, figureFileBig=+nriOmparcOGx6PjzHmNDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925078984573658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The growth status of the OE-Ssppe1 mutants. Error bars represent the SD from three separate experiments. Distinct letters above the bars denote significant differences in treatment (ANOVA and Tukey’s test, P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=QU9MHmfAiNa2DuVq/WpZew==, figureFileBig=HTzRvM6tFXJy1gv032a+VA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925079055876827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=CN, label=图2, caption=OE-Ssppe1 突变株的生长情况, figureFileSmall=QU9MHmfAiNa2DuVq/WpZew==, figureFileBig=HTzRvM6tFXJy1gv032a+VA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925080729404124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Sporidia morphology of OE-Ssppe1 strains. A: Statistics of sporidia length for wild-type and OE-Ssppe1 strains; B: Statistics of sporidia width for wild-type and OE-Ssppe1 strains; C: Distribution of chitin in different strains; D: Distribution of cell nuclei in different strains; E: Percentage of sporidia with abnormal chitin distribution in different strains; F: Percentage of sporidia with abnormal nuclear numbers in different strains., figureFileSmall=L6Ew1qQd6HroaB8JabXYKQ==, figureFileBig=Pi+radbMSLrFNrBg7tyr2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925080792318685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=CN, label=图3, caption=OE-Ssppe1 菌株的孢子形态, figureFileSmall=L6Ew1qQd6HroaB8JabXYKQ==, figureFileBig=Pi+radbMSLrFNrBg7tyr2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925080855233246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=The stress tolerance test of OE-Ssppe1 mutants., figureFileSmall=p5ZA4ZMIDSYCXaPM2TngDw==, figureFileBig=daaMLSvp9snSObyyEbTTYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925080918147807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Ssppe1 过表达突变株的压力耐受性检测, figureFileSmall=p5ZA4ZMIDSYCXaPM2TngDw==, figureFileBig=daaMLSvp9snSObyyEbTTYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925081031394016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Mating behavior of the JG35-OE-Ssppe1 and JG36-OE-Ssppe1 mutants. A: Global view of colonies; B: Magnified view of colony margin; C: Microscopic observation., figureFileSmall=NoSS/d/rm/X/BptygbufDA==, figureFileBig=Ci4F9iT18sp1D128d38LMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925081094308577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=CN, label=图5, caption=突变株JG35-OE-Ssppe1JG36-OE-Ssppe1 的配合表型, figureFileSmall=NoSS/d/rm/X/BptygbufDA==, figureFileBig=Ci4F9iT18sp1D128d38LMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925081157223138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Effect of Ssppe1 overexpression on the expression of genes related to sexual mating. A: RT-qPCR analysis of the expression of these genes in JG35-OE-Ssppe1 mutants; B: RT-qPCR analysis of the expression of these genes in JG36-OE-Ssppe1 mutants; C: RT-qPCR analysis of the expression of these genes in different mating colonies. The dotted line indicates the levels of gene expression in the wild-type JG35×JG36 colony were set as 1.0. Error bars indicate the standard error of three independent assays; *: P˂0.05; **: P˂0.01; ***: P˂0.001; ****: P˂0.000 1 (Student’s t test)., figureFileSmall=axpwuIiRTIsH+Q2DfYfSuw==, figureFileBig=LHlVavqCm3lAUnjAWMJdnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925081245303523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=CN, label=图6, caption=Ssppe1 过表达对有性配合相关基因表达的影响, figureFileSmall=axpwuIiRTIsH+Q2DfYfSuw==, figureFileBig=LHlVavqCm3lAUnjAWMJdnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925081312412388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Pathogenicity analysis of the OE-Ssppe1 mutants. A: Progression of whip development induced by fungal strains [Each treatment combination was inoculated with at least 10 plants, with three biological replicates. ***, P<0.001 (Student’s t test)]; B: Histopathology analysis of inoculated plantlets (Red arrows indicate whip, black arrows indicate fungal hyphae)., figureFileSmall=eB0csKcmEVt99blSwZ4Ztw==, figureFileBig=sQHM34DmrV5FDjxjX5kGew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925081379521253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=CN, label=图7, caption=OE-Ssppe1 突变株的致病性分析, figureFileSmall=eB0csKcmEVt99blSwZ4Ztw==, figureFileBig=sQHM34DmrV5FDjxjX5kGew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925081480184550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=RNA-seq analysis of the regulatory mechanism of Ssppe1. A: Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes between JG36-OE-Ssppe1 and JG36 (Compared to wild-type, mRNAs with log2 fold change ˃1 indicate increased expression; mRNAs with log2 fold change ˂-1 indicate decreased expression); B: Verified the expression levels of 10 DEGs in RNA-seq by RT-qPCR; C: KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs in JG36-OE-Ssppe1vs. JG36 groups; D: DEGs in JG36-OE-Ssppe1vs. JG36 were subjected to enrichment analysis based on biological (BP), cellular component (CC), and molecular function (MF)., figureFileSmall=ZxgUZGjSqsEC0LQ0ZzYCmA==, figureFileBig=nG/LsfojEcT5QxBU1w81WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925081740231399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=CN, label=图8, caption=RNA-seq分析 Ssppe1 的调控机制, figureFileSmall=ZxgUZGjSqsEC0LQ0ZzYCmA==, figureFileBig=nG/LsfojEcT5QxBU1w81WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925081836700392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer namesPrimer sequences (5′→3′)Purpose
pEX2-GAP-FCTGATCCAAGCTCAAGCTAAGCTT ATTAGATCTTGCTGATAGGCConstruction of pEX2-GAP-Ssppe1 vector
pEX2-GAP-RGGTGGAAGAGTGTTTTGG
pEX2-Ssppe1-FCCAAAACACTCTTCCACC ATGACCGTCGGCAATCCA
pEX2-Ssppe1-RGTCGACCTGCAGGCATGCAAGCTT TCAGAGGAAGTACTGGCT
HPT-LB-226GGTCAAGACCAATGCGGAGCVerification of the HPT fragment
HPT-RB-225GCAAGACCTGCCTGAAACCG
qRT-Ssppe1-FGCATCATCGCACGAGCCCRT-qPCR
qRT-Ssppe1-RGTGACCGCACCTCCGAAC
06048-qPCR-FCAATCGCGCAACAAGACACA
06048-qPCR-RGCACCACCACCAATCCAAAC
06202-qPCR-FTCGAGCGCAATCATCACCTT
06202-qPCR-RTAAGCGCATTCCTGACCGAG
05370-qPCR-FCAGTTCCTCACCCAGCACAT
05370-qPCR-RCCTGCTCACACCAACATCCT
10005-qPCR-FTTGGTCGATGCCGGTTCTTT
10005-qPCR-FTTGGTTGCATTCGTCCACCT
02973-qPCR-FCATTCGAGACAGCAAAGCCG
02973-qPCR-RTGTAGGTGTCGAGGGGTGAA
03056-qPCR-FTCTCGCTTGCTCTTCTTGCT
03056-qPCR-RCACTCTCGGCGTTGTTGATG
03937-qPCR-FGGAATCGCCTCAACTCGACA
03937-qPCR-RTGCGTCTCTTGTGGCATCTT
03733-qPCR-FGGTCGGTCTAGGCTTTGCTT
03733-qPCR-RGGATGTAGGGGAAGAAGCCG
03734-qPCR-FGAGGTTTGGAGCTTGCGTTG
03734-qPCR-RTGCCTAGCTTGACCTCTGGA
05350-qPCR-FTCCGCAACACCGAAATCACT
05350-qPCR-RCTTGCGAGTGAGGTCGAACA
), ArticleFig(id=1280925081954140905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer namesPrimer sequences (5′→3′)Purpose
pEX2-GAP-FCTGATCCAAGCTCAAGCTAAGCTT ATTAGATCTTGCTGATAGGCConstruction of pEX2-GAP-Ssppe1 vector
pEX2-GAP-RGGTGGAAGAGTGTTTTGG
pEX2-Ssppe1-FCCAAAACACTCTTCCACC ATGACCGTCGGCAATCCA
pEX2-Ssppe1-RGTCGACCTGCAGGCATGCAAGCTT TCAGAGGAAGTACTGGCT
HPT-LB-226GGTCAAGACCAATGCGGAGCVerification of the HPT fragment
HPT-RB-225GCAAGACCTGCCTGAAACCG
qRT-Ssppe1-FGCATCATCGCACGAGCCCRT-qPCR
qRT-Ssppe1-RGTGACCGCACCTCCGAAC
06048-qPCR-FCAATCGCGCAACAAGACACA
06048-qPCR-RGCACCACCACCAATCCAAAC
06202-qPCR-FTCGAGCGCAATCATCACCTT
06202-qPCR-RTAAGCGCATTCCTGACCGAG
05370-qPCR-FCAGTTCCTCACCCAGCACAT
05370-qPCR-RCCTGCTCACACCAACATCCT
10005-qPCR-FTTGGTCGATGCCGGTTCTTT
10005-qPCR-FTTGGTTGCATTCGTCCACCT
02973-qPCR-FCATTCGAGACAGCAAAGCCG
02973-qPCR-RTGTAGGTGTCGAGGGGTGAA
03056-qPCR-FTCTCGCTTGCTCTTCTTGCT
03056-qPCR-RCACTCTCGGCGTTGTTGATG
03937-qPCR-FGGAATCGCCTCAACTCGACA
03937-qPCR-RTGCGTCTCTTGTGGCATCTT
03733-qPCR-FGGTCGGTCTAGGCTTTGCTT
03733-qPCR-RGGATGTAGGGGAAGAAGCCG
03734-qPCR-FGAGGTTTGGAGCTTGCGTTG
03734-qPCR-RTGCCTAGCTTGACCTCTGGA
05350-qPCR-FTCCGCAACACCGAAATCACT
05350-qPCR-RCTTGCGAGTGAGGTCGAACA
), ArticleFig(id=1280925082042221290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Information of key differentially expressed genes enriched in KEGG and GO pathways

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene IDlog2 fold changeDescription
SPSC_041693.64Heat shock protein 80
SPSC_062833.27MDJ1-heat shock protein
SPSC_016462.58Heat shock protein Hsp88
SPSC_037564.11U-snRNP-associated cyclophilin
SPSC_005806.25Heat shock protein HSP104
SPSC_015632.28Heat shock protein 10
SPSC_015623.58Heat shock protein HSP60
SPSC_012923.04YDJ1-mitochondrial and ER import protein
), ArticleFig(id=1280925082113524459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817681947406637, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

KEGGGO富集中关键差异基因的信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene IDlog2 fold changeDescription
SPSC_041693.64Heat shock protein 80
SPSC_062833.27MDJ1-heat shock protein
SPSC_016462.58Heat shock protein Hsp88
SPSC_037564.11U-snRNP-associated cyclophilin
SPSC_005806.25Heat shock protein HSP104
SPSC_015632.28Heat shock protein 10
SPSC_015623.58Heat shock protein HSP60
SPSC_012923.04YDJ1-mitochondrial and ER import protein
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磷酸酶 Ssppe1 基因过表达对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌有性配合和致病性的调控作用
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仇金凤 1, 3, 4 , 胡朱奕 2 , 周皑灵 2 , 吴昊鸣 1, 3, 4 , 赵丽九 1, 2, 4 , 李茹 1, 2, 3
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(7): 3526-3543
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微生物学报 |研究报告 2026 , 66 (7) : 3526 -3543
磷酸酶 Ssppe1 基因过表达对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌有性配合和致病性的调控作用
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仇金凤1, 3, 4, 胡朱奕2, 周皑灵2, 吴昊鸣1, 3, 4, 赵丽九1, 2, 4, 李茹1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广西 南宁
  • 2.广西大学 生命科学与技术学院,广西 南宁
  • 3.广西甘蔗生物学重点实验室,广西 南宁
  • 4.广西大学 农学院,广西 南宁
作者简介:

作者贡献声明

仇金凤:研究构思和设计、实验操作和论文撰写;胡朱奕:实验操作及数据收集;周皑灵:数据收集与处理;吴昊鸣:参与论文讨论,协助论文修改;赵丽九:转录组学数据分析;李茹:论文指导、修改及经费支持。

Overexpression of the phosphatase gene Ssppe1 regulates the sexual mating and pathogenicity of Sporisorium scitamineum
Jinfeng QIU1, 3, 4, Zhuyi HU2, Ailing ZHOU2, Haoming WU1, 3, 4, Lijiu ZHAO1, 2, 4, Ru LI1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning, Guangxi, China
  • 2.College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
  • 3.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, Guangxi, China
  • 4.College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
出版时间: 2026-07-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250970
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甘蔗黑穗病是由甘蔗鞭黑粉菌(Sporisorium scitamineum)引起的严重真菌病害,会导致甘蔗减产与经济损失。蛋白可逆磷酸化对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的有性配合和致病性至关重要。蛋白磷酸酶作为可逆磷酸化的关键调节因子,其在甘蔗鞭黑粉菌中的作用尚未明确。 目的 揭示磷酸酶SsPpe1在甘蔗鞭黑粉菌中的生物学功能,为甘蔗黑穗病的高效防控提供重要靶标。 方法 利用农杆菌介导的遗传转化技术构建甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的Ssppe1过表达突变体OE-Ssppe1,系统分析其担孢子形态、有性配合能力、胁迫耐受性及致病性。 结果 OE-Ssppe1过表达株的担孢子呈假菌丝状,细胞核数目增多,几丁质分布异常;其对NaCl和SDS的耐受性降低;有性配合能力显著减弱,致病性明显下降。RT-qPCR与RNA-seq分析表明,Ssppe1过表达影响了信息素响应、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(Mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK)和环磷酸腺苷-蛋白激酶A(cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A, cAMP-PKA)信号通路相关基因的表达,并干扰蛋白质的合成与折叠过程。 结论 磷酸酶SsPpe1参与调控甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的担孢子形态建成、胁迫响应、有性配合和致病过程,为深入解析甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的致病机制及开发靶向防控策略提供了理论依据。

甘蔗鞭黑粉菌  /  蛋白磷酸酶  /  SsPpe1  /  有性配合  /  致病性

Sugarcane smut is a severe fungal disease caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, resulting in yield reduction and economic losses. Reversible protein phosphorylation plays a crucial role in the sexual mating and pathogenicity of S. scitamineum. Protein phosphatases, as key regulators of reversible protein phosphorylation, remain poorly characterized in S. scitamineum. Objective To elucidate the biological functions of the protein phosphatase SsPpe1 in S. scitamineum, providing a potential target for effective control of sugarcane smut. Methods We constructed overexpression mutants OE-Ssppe1 by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation technology and analyzed the sporidium morphology, sexual mating ability, stress tolerance, and pathogenicity. Results The OE-Ssppe1 sporidia exhibited pseudohyphal morphology with multiple nuclei and abnormal chitin accumulation. The OE-Ssppe1 mutants showed reduced tolerance to NaCl and SDS, sexual mating, and pathogenicity. RT-qPCR and RNA-seq analyses revealed that Ssppe1 overexpression affected the expression of genes related to pheromone response, MAPK, and cAMP-PKA signaling pathways. In addition, Ssppe1 overexpression affected protein synthesis and folding process. Conclusion The protein phosphatase SsPpe1 is involved in regulating the sporidium morphology, stress responses, sexual mating, and pathogenicity of S. scitamineum. These findings provide a theoretical basis for thoroughly elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of S. scitamineum and developing targeted disease control strategies.

Sporisorium scitamineum  /  protein phosphatase  /  SsPpe1  /  sexual mating  /  pathogenicity
仇金凤, 胡朱奕, 周皑灵, 吴昊鸣, 赵丽九, 李茹. 磷酸酶 Ssppe1 基因过表达对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌有性配合和致病性的调控作用. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (7) : 3526 -3543 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250970
Jinfeng QIU, Zhuyi HU, Ailing ZHOU, Haoming WU, Lijiu ZHAO, Ru LI. Overexpression of the phosphatase gene Ssppe1 regulates the sexual mating and pathogenicity of Sporisorium scitamineum[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (7) : 3526 -3543 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250970
甘蔗是一种广泛种植于热带与亚热带地区的重要糖料作物,其蔗糖产量约占全球总糖产量的80%。中国是仅次于巴西和印度的第三大甘蔗生产国,蔗糖产量占我国食糖总量的90%以上[1]。除用于制糖外,甘蔗收获和加工过程中产生的废弃物也具有重要的工业价值。甘蔗渣被视为微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell, MFC)的优势原料[2-3]。近年来,甘蔗渣纤维因其独特的结构、化学特性及广泛的可用性,成为处理各种污染物的非常合适的吸附剂[4]
由甘蔗鞭黑粉菌(Sporisorium scitamineum)引起的甘蔗黑穗病严重威胁着甘蔗生产,导致产量下降20%-50%,糖分损失高达75%[1]。该病害最早在南非的纳塔尔地区被发现[5],1932年在我国广东省首次出现,现已蔓延至几乎所有的甘蔗种植区[6]。甘蔗感染黑穗病初期症状并不明显,直至感染后期病株梢头才会形成一条由植物组织、侵染性菌丝和成熟冬孢子组成的黑色鞭状物。感病甘蔗的有效茎减少,糖分积累降低,再加上较长的潜伏期,严重降低了甘蔗的经济效益。目前,田间常用的防治措施对甘蔗黑穗病的防控效果有限,亟待开发有效的化学药剂和培育抗黑穗病甘蔗品种来应对甘蔗感染黑穗病造成的产量损失。揭示甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的致病机制可为化学药剂的研发和转基因抗黑穗病品种的培育提供重要的理论基础。
由蛋白激酶和蛋白磷酸酶介导的蛋白质可逆磷酸化,是真核生物中常见的翻译后修饰类型[7]。它通过调控复杂的信号转导过程来维持细胞稳态,参与调控代谢、细胞周期、转录、有性配合、菌丝形成、细胞壁合成、应激反应及致病性等多种细胞过程[8-12]。2A型蛋白磷酸酶(protein phosphatase 2A, PP2A)是一种多蛋白复合物,由3个不同的亚基组成:结构亚基(PP2A-A)是容纳其他2个亚基的支架,PP2A-C是催化亚基,调节亚基(PP2A-B)决定酶的底物特异性和细胞内定位[13]。PP2A能在如此多的不同生物过程中发挥作用,很大程度上归因于其B亚基[7]。2A-like型蛋白磷酸酶(protein phosphatase 2A-like, PP2A-like)虽与PP2A磷酸酶具有一定的序列相似性,但它们的功能并不完全相同,因而不能归为一类[14]。在真菌中已鉴定出3种PP2A-like磷酸酶:Sit4、Pph3和Ppg1[15]。在稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)中,Sit4的同源蛋白MoPpe1被证实参与细胞壁完整性调控及致病过程[16]
Qiu等[17]研究发现,甘蔗鞭黑粉菌中的PP2A-like磷酸酶SsPpe1与MoPpe1具有较高同源性,其编码基因Ssppe1的缺失会导致真菌有性配合能力下降和致病性缺陷。蛋白激酶在病原真菌的丝状生长、孢子形成和致病性方面发挥着重要作用[18-21]。在甘蔗鞭黑粉菌中丝裂原活化蛋白激酶SsKpp2和蛋白激酶A、G、C (protein kinase A, G, C, AGC) SsAgc1均能调控有性配合和丝状生长过程,且Ssagc1基因缺失会影响真菌致病性[22-23]。蛋白磷酸酶负责介导底物蛋白的去磷酸化,在磷酸化修饰中发挥与蛋白激酶相反的调控功能。因此,推测蛋白磷酸酶的稳定表达对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的有性配合和致病性同样至关重要。为验证该推测,本研究构建了Ssppe1过表达突变株,并系统分析其在孢子形态、营养生长、胁迫耐受、有性配合能力和致病性等方面的表型变化,以期进一步揭示PP2A-like磷酸酶SsPpe1在甘蔗鞭黑粉菌中的生物学功能,为新型农药的研发和抗甘蔗黑穗病品种培育提供理论依据。
甘蔗鞭黑粉菌野生型担孢子JG35 (MAT-2)和JG36 (MAT-1)、农杆菌AGL1保存于-80 ℃冰箱;pEX2质粒保存于-20 ℃冰箱。
使用酵母提取物-蛋白胨-蔗糖(yeast extract-peptone-sucrose, YePS)和基础培养基(minimal medium, MM)培养甘蔗鞭黑粉菌;使用LB培养基培养细菌[17]。诱导培养基(induction medium, IM) (g/L):KH2PO4 1.360,MgSO4 0.241,FeSO4 0.003,CaCl2 0.078,MES 8.528,(NH4)2SO4 0.528,NaCl 0.146,葡萄糖1.802,甘油5.000;pH 5.6。
以pEX2质粒为模板,用pEX2-GAP-F/R引物扩增GAP强启动子序列;以甘蔗鞭黑粉菌基因组DNA为模板,使用pEX2-Ssppe1-F/R引物扩增Ssppe1序列。将GAP启动子与Ssppe1融合,并将该融合片段克隆到pEX2载体上,形成重组质粒pEX2-GAP-Ssppe1,引物序列见表1。利用电脉冲法将pEX2-GAP-Ssppe1质粒转化到农杆菌AGL1感受态细胞中[24]
挑取验证正确的农杆菌转化子接种到5 mL LB培养基中,置于28 ℃、200 r/min培养至OD600为0.8-1.0,25 ℃、1 000×g离心10 min,弃去培养基,并用含200 µmol/L乙酰丁香酮的5 mL IM培养基重悬菌体,避光诱导6 h。分别挑取甘蔗鞭黑粉菌JG35和JG36于YePS液体培养基中,28 ℃、200 r/min培养至OD600为0.8-1.0。将诱导后的农杆菌分别与等体积的JG35和JG36菌液混合,将混合后的菌液涂布在铺有0.45 µm微孔滤膜的IM平板上,28 ℃避光培养3 d后,将微孔滤膜转移到含200 µg/mL潮霉素和300 µg/mL头孢噻肟钠的YePS平板上,28 ℃培养7-10 d。对长出的转化子进行3轮抗性筛选后,提取转化子基因组DNA,再使用HPT-LB-226/HPT-RB-225引物对HPT抗性片段进行PCR验证。使用qRT-Ssppe1-F/R引物对转化子的Ssppe1基因表达水平进行RT-qPCR验证。
收集甘蔗鞭黑粉菌菌体,利用液氮研磨,采用SDS碱裂解法提取基因组DNA。PCR反应体系(25 μL):2×Phanta Max Master Mix 12.5 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各1 µL,DNA模板1 µL,ddH2O 9.5 µL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性3 min;95 ℃变性15 s,56 ℃退火15 s,72 ℃延伸2 min,共35个循环;72 ℃终延伸5 min。使用TransZol试剂(全式金生物技术有限公司)提取总RNA。使用HiScrip Ⅱ Q RT SuperMix for qPCR试剂盒(南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司)将总RNA反转录成cDNA,使用ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix (南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司)进行RT-qPCR分析,以ACTIN基因作为内参基因,所用RT-qPCR引物见参考文献[17]。RT-qPCR反应体系(20 μL):ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix 10 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各0.4 µL,cDNA模板1 µL,ddH2O 8.2 µL。RT-qPCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性30 s;95 ℃变性10 s,60 ℃退火30 s,共40个循环。
挑取YePS平板上的甘蔗鞭黑粉菌JG35、JG36和过表达突变株的单菌落至含有0.6 mL YePS液体培养基的EP管中,28 ℃、200 r/min培养过夜,25 ℃、1 000×g离心10 min,弃去培养基,并用无菌水洗涤2次,最后用100 µL的无菌水重悬,加入10 µL卡尔科弗卢尔荧光增白剂染色液[calcofluor white stain solution (CFW);北京酷莱博科技有限公司]或4′,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚[4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI);北京索莱宝科技有限公司],静置5 min后置于荧光显微镜(Olympus公司)下观察。
挑取YePS平板上的甘蔗鞭黑粉菌JG35、JG36和过表达突变株的单菌落至5 mL YePS液体培养基中,培养至OD600为1.0。分别取1 mL菌液接种至100 mL新鲜的YePS液体培养基中,使其初始OD600均为0.1,于28 ℃、200 r/min培养,每8 h测定1次OD600值,直至40 h后OD600值趋于稳定。
OD600为1.0的野生型和过表达株菌液分别梯度稀释至10-1、10-2、10-3、10-4后,各吸取1 µL滴在分别添加NaCl (500 mmol/L)、H2O2 (1 mmol/L)、SDS (0.1 mmol/L)、Congo red (0.5 mmol/L)的YePS和MM平板上,置于28 ℃培养3 d后拍照观察结果。
OD600为1.0的野生型和过表达株菌液根据交配型等量混匀,吸取1 µL混合菌液点在YePS平板上,28 ℃培养3 d后观察有性配合和菌丝生长情况。菌落形态的局部放大图使用体式显微镜(Nikon公司)拍摄,担孢子及菌丝形态使用光学显微镜(Olympus公司)拍摄。
OD600为1.0的菌液在25 ℃、1 000×g离心10 min收集菌体,并用无菌水洗涤2次后用等体积的无菌水重悬菌体。将不同交配型的孢子悬浮液等体积混合后,采用浸根接种的方法[25]将混合孢子悬浮液倒进装有甘蔗组培苗的组培瓶中,置于28 ℃人工气候室明暗交替培养3 d后移栽至育苗盆中,置于室外自然条件下生长。出现第一株发病植株后每5 d统计1次新增发病植株数量。待统计结束后,对接种甘蔗的生长点部位进行纵切,使用0.4%台盼蓝染色液对侵染性菌丝进行染色,显微观察甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的侵染情况。
将在YePS平板上培养3 d并达到对数生长期的野生型JG36和过表达株JG36-OE-Ssppe1的菌落刮下,送至广州基迪奥公司进行RNA提取、文库构建和测序。高通量测序仪测得的图像数据经CASAVA碱基识别转化为序列数据(reads),对原始数据进行过滤,去掉带接头、含N以及低质量的reads,得到clean reads。使用RSEM软件计算每个基因的表达水平,使用DESeq2软件确定显著差异表达的基因(differentially expressed genes, DEGs)。使用错误发现率(false discovery rate, FDR)≤0.05,log2 |fold change|≥1作为筛选条件,控制差异表达基因的假阳性率。RNA-seq的原始数据已上传至NCBI,序列读取归档库(sequence read archive, SRA)号为PRJNA1256139和PRJNA1393594。
数据以3次独立实验的平均值±标准误差(SE)表示。用GraphPad Prism 6.0进行统计绘图,用t检验来分析2个样本间的差异显著性,*表示P˂0.05,**表示P˂0.01,***表示P˂0.001,****表示P˂0.000 1,ns表示无显著差异。所用数据分析软件(GraphPad Prism 6.0和Snapgene)均已在合规授权下使用。
利用农杆菌介导T-DNA插入的方法构建Ssppe1基因过表达突变株。首先构建过表达质粒pEX2-GAP-Ssppe1,将Ssppe1基因序列与GAP强启动子融合后得到GAP-Ssppe1融合片段,并克隆到pEX2载体(图1A)。用限制性内切酶Hind Ⅲ (ThermoFisher Scientific公司)对重组载体进行酶切验证,可切出一条1 762 bp的条带(图1B),表明质粒pEX2-GAP-Ssppe1构建成功。
将质粒分别转化至甘蔗鞭黑粉菌JG35和JG36,使用HPT-LB-226/HPT-RB-225引物对所得转化子进行PCR验证,成功转入过表达质粒的转化子可扩增出潮霉素抗性基因片段(图1C)。进一步通过RT-qPCR分析Ssppe1基因在转化子中的表达水平,与野生型相比,这些转化子中的Ssppe1基因表达水平均显著提高(图1D1E)。这些结果均表明Ssppe1过表达株构建成功。后续研究均使用Ssppe1表达量最高的JG35-OE-Ssppe1-12和JG36-OE-Ssppe1-12突变株进行表型观察、有性配合能力和致病性分析。
为检测Ssppe1过表达对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌生长的影响,将野生型和过表达株分别接种于YePS液体培养基中培养,每隔8 h测定菌液浓度,并绘制生长曲线。结果显示,JG35-OE-Ssppe1过表达株的生长与野生型JG35相比无显著差异;而JG36-OE-Ssppe1过表达株在培养前16 h内,其生长速率低于野生型JG36 (图2)。
为研究Ssppe1过表达对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌担孢子形态的影响,分别对野生型和过表达株的担孢子进行显微观察。结果显示,与野生型相比,JG35-OE-Ssppe1和JG36-OE-Ssppe1的担孢子长度显著增加(图3A),JG35-OE-Ssppe1孢子的宽度也显著增加(图3B)。进一步采用CFW染色观察几丁质在野生型和过表达突变体中的分布。结果显示,野生型担孢子的几丁质主要分布于两端;而在过表达株中,几丁质除两端外还在异常延长的孢子中部以及放射状孢子的连接处有明显分布(图3C),在JG35-OE-Ssppe1和JG36-OE-Ssppe1中这种异常几丁质分布的孢子分别占8.2%和9.6% (图3E)。为进一步观察野生型和过表达突变体的核分布情况,采用DAPI染色观察细胞核的分布情况。野生型JG35和JG36中通常包含1-2个细胞核,而在JG35-OE-Ssppe1和JG36-OE-Ssppe1中分别有12.2%和8.2%的担孢子出现2个以上细胞核(图3D3F)。这些结果表明Ssppe1过表达干扰了甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的正常有丝分裂,导致JG35-OE-Ssppe1和JG36-OE-Ssppe1突变体的孢子形态异常。
为验证Ssppe1过表达对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌胁迫耐受性的影响,本研究比较了野生型和过表达突变体在不同胁迫条件下的生长情况。结果显示,在添加SDS和NaCl的培养基上,JG35-OE-Ssppe1与JG36-OE-Ssppe1过表达株的生长均较野生型显著减弱(图4),表明Ssppe1过表达影响了该真菌的细胞壁完整性及对高渗胁迫的耐受能力。
为探究Ssppe1过表达对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌有性配合和菌丝生长的影响,对JG35-OE-Ssppe1和JG36-OE-Ssppe1的有性配合能力进行分析。结果显示,培养3 d后,野生型JG35×JG36交配组合形成白色绒毛状菌落,而JG35-OE-Ssppe1×JG36、JG35×JG36-OE-Ssppe1、JG35-OE-Ssppe1× JG36-OE-Ssppe1组合均未形成白色绒毛状菌落(图5A)。进一步通过体式显微镜局部放大观察和光学显微镜观察均未发现菌丝(图5B5C)。这些结果表明Ssppe1过表达会显著减弱甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的有性配合能力。
为探究过表达株JG35-OE-Ssppe1和JG36-OE-Ssppe1有性配合缺陷的分子机制,通过RT-qPCR检测甘蔗鞭黑粉菌中有性配合关键基因的表达水平,包括a、b位点基因以及MAPK和cAMP-PKA信号通路的关键组分。在过表达株JG35-OE-Ssppe1中,信息素前体基因mfa2,转录因子基因bE2bW2,MAPK通路关键激酶基因kpp2mkk1,以及Rho家族三磷酸鸟苷酶(Rho guanosine triphosphatase, Rho GTPase)基因rop1的表达水平均显著下调(图6A);而在JG36-OE-Ssppe1中,除上述基因外,信息素受体基因pra1和MAPK通路激酶基因crk1的表达水平也显著降低,同时cAMP-PKA通路激酶uac1adr1基因的表达则显著升高(图6B)。
进一步比较不同交配组合中关键基因的表达模式,与野生型JG35×JG36相比,在JG35-OE-Ssppe1×JG36组合中除uac1adr1mkk1的表达无显著变化外,其余检测基因的表达水平均显著下降。在JG35×JG36-OE-Ssppe1组合中,pra1mfa1bE1bW1rop1fuz7uac1adr1crk1mkk1的表达水平均显著降低,而pra2mfa2bE2bW2的表达水平显著升高。在双过表达组合JG35-OE-Ssppe1×JG36-OE-Ssppe1中,仅fuz7adr1的表达显著上调,其余基因均显著下调(图6C)。上述结果表明,Ssppe1过表达可引起信息素响应、MAPK和cAMP-PKA信号通路相关基因表达的显著改变,这可能是导致JG35-OE-Ssppe1和JG36-OE-Ssppe1有性配合能力缺陷的重要原因。
为明确Ssppe1过表达对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌致病性的影响,采用甘蔗组培苗浸根接种法检测了野生型菌株和Ssppe1过表达株的致病力。接种100 d后统计显示,野生型JG35×JG36组合的甘蔗黑穗病发病率为90.3%,JG35-OE-Ssppe1×JG36组合为82.4%,JG35×JG36-OE-Ssppe1组合降至29.4%,而双过表达组合JG35-OE-Ssppe1×JG36-OE-Ssppe1的发病率最低,仅为14.7% (图7A)。进一步通过甘蔗组织切片观察发现,组织内部观察到侵染性菌丝存在(图7B),表明发病植株由接种的甘蔗鞭黑粉菌导致。这些结果表明,Ssppe1过表达会显著降低甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的致病性。
为深入揭示Ssppe1在甘蔗鞭黑粉菌中的调控机制,利用RNA-seq测序技术分析野生型和突变体中的差异基因。相较于JG35-OE-Ssppe1突变株,JG36-OE-Ssppe1在生长、有性配合和致病方面的缺陷更明显,因此选取野生型菌株JG36及其对应过表达株JG36-OE-Ssppe1进行RNA-seq测序分析。与JG36相比,JG36-OE-Ssppe1中共有664个差异表达基因,其中183个基因表达显著下调,481个显著上调(图8A)。从这些差异表达基因中随机选取了10个进行RT-qPCR验证,结果显示这10个基因在JG36-OE-Ssppe1中的转录趋势与RNA-seq结果一致(图8B),表明RNA-seq结果可信。
对差异表达基因进行KEGG通路富集分析发现,JG36-OE-Ssppe1vs. JG36中的差异基因在分子伴侣与折叠催化剂(chaperones and folding catalysts)和氮代谢(nitrogen metabolism)等通路中显著富集(图8C)。GO富集分析进一步显示,JG36-OE-Ssppe1 vs. JG36的差异基因主要涉及蛋白质重新折叠(protein refolding)、对温度刺激的响应(response to temperature stimulus)及剪接体构象变化以形成催化构象(spliceosomal conformational changes to generate catalytic conformation)等生物过程(图8D)。综上所述,Ssppe1过表达主要影响甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的蛋白质合成与加工过程。
甘蔗鞭黑粉菌是引起甘蔗黑穗病的病原菌,它是一种二态型真菌,包括酵母状担孢子和双核菌丝2种形态。酵母状担孢子不具有侵染能力,只有不同交配型的担孢子相互识别发生有性配合形成的双核菌丝才能侵染甘蔗[26],因而有性配合过程是甘蔗鞭黑粉菌致病的关键。已有研究发现,蛋白激酶对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的有性配合和致病性十分重要。例如,组氨酸激酶SsSln1与cAMP-PKA信号通路拮抗调节信息素响应转录因子的表达,从而交叉调控甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的有性配合和致病性[27]。蛋白磷酸酶和蛋白激酶作为调控底物蛋白磷酸化的2个关键因子,对病原真菌的生长和毒力同样重要。有研究发现,稻瘟病菌2A-like型蛋白磷酸酶MoPpg1通过调节Rho GTP酶,在无性发育和植物感染中起重要作用[28];2A型蛋白磷酸酶调节亚基MoRts1是稻瘟病菌生长发育和致病的关键调控因子[29];磷酸酶MoPpe1对稻瘟病菌的营养生长、分生孢子形成和毒力是不可或缺的[16]。甘蔗鞭黑粉菌SsPpe1蛋白与稻瘟病菌MoPpe1同源性较高,具有一个保守的MPP_PP2A_PP4_PP6结构域,属于PP2A-like磷酸酶家族。之前的研究发现,该磷酸酶编码基因Ssppe1的缺失会导致甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的有性配合和致病性缺陷[17]
为研究Ssppe1基因过表达是否同样对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的生长发育及致病性产生影响,本研究构建了Ssppe1过表达突变株JG35-OE-Ssppe1和JG36-OE-Ssppe1 (图1)。对其孢子形态观察发现,Ssppe1过表达导致甘蔗鞭黑粉菌担孢子生长速率减慢,并出现假菌丝状孢子,推测这可能是有丝分裂末期胞质分裂失败所致。进一步研究发现,突变株假菌丝状孢子的中部存在几丁质的异常富集且存在2个以上的细胞核(图3),这些结果表明Ssppe1基因过表达影响了甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的有丝分裂过程,有丝分裂末期胞质分裂失败,细胞不能一分为二,导致担孢子呈假菌丝状。在玉米黑粉菌Ustilago maydis中,Umpde1编码一种环磷酸二酯酶,其作为cAMP依赖性PKA途径的一部分参与cAMP周转,该基因的缺失也会产生这种假菌丝状孢子[30];另外,甘蔗鞭黑粉菌cAMP水解酶编码基因Sspde2的缺失也会产生类似的假菌丝状孢子[31]。这些研究表明cAMP水平变化影响了cAMP-PKA信号通路,导致孢子形态异常。最近的研究发现,甘蔗鞭黑粉菌MAPK-SsHog1和MAPKK-SsPbs2编码基因分别缺失同样会导致类似的假菌丝状孢子[32],而同时缺失Sshog1基因和cAMP合成酶基因Ssuac1则能弥补ΔSshog1突变株的表型缺陷,使担孢子形态恢复至野生型状态[33],表明MAPK信号通路和cAMP-PKA信号通路交叉调控甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的孢子形态。通过RT-qPCR分析发现,JG35-OE-Ssppe1和JG36-OE-Ssppe1过表达株中MAPK通路相关激酶基因kpp2rop1mkk1的表达水平显著降低(图6A6B),推测Ssppe1过表达可能影响MAPK通路和cAMP-PKA通路的信号转导,导致突变株的孢子形态异常。另外,转录组学分析发现,Ssppe1过表达导致热休克蛋白(heat shock proteins, Hsps)编码基因Ssmdj1的表达水平显著升高(表2)。热休克蛋白PbMDJ1被报道定位于真菌细胞壁[34],推测Ssmdj1基因在OE-Ssppe1中过表达使细胞壁增厚,这可能是导致OE-Ssppe1突变体几丁质异常堆积的原因之一。
过表达突变株的压力耐受性分析显示,OE-Ssppe1过表达突变体与ΔSsppe1缺失突变体类似,均对细胞壁应激源SDS和高渗透压应激源NaCl的敏感性增加(图4)。转录因子是PP2A的靶标之一,有研究表明PP2A是酵母转录因子Msn2p响应热、渗透压以及氮饥饿等压力时核积累所必需的[35]。Hsps是应激反应的关键组成部分,参与泛素化、膜稳定和蛋白质折叠等多种生物过程[36]。热休克转录因子Hsf1受磷酸化激活,从而增加热休克基因的转录与积累[37]Ssppe1过表达可能改变转录因子Hsf1的磷酸化水平,影响与细胞壁应激和高渗应激相关Hsps基因的转录,导致OE-Ssppe1突变体对SDS和NaCl的耐受性降低。
有性配合能力分析显示,JG35-OE-Ssppe1和JG36-OE-Ssppe1的有性配合能力均减弱(图5)。致病性分析显示,JG35×JG36-OE-Ssppe1和JG35-OE-Ssppe1×JG36-OE-Ssppe1的致病性降低,而JG35-OE-Ssppe1×JG36的致病性与野生型相比无显著改变(图7A)。RT-qPCR分析也显示,与野生型相比,JG36-OE-Ssppe1中与配合有关的a、b位点基因的表达水平较JG35-OE-Ssppe1下降更显著(图6A6B)。这可能与JG35-OE-Ssppe1和JG36-OE-Ssppe1Ssppe1的表达水平有关,在JG35-OE-Ssppe1Ssppe1基因的表达量是JG35的20倍,而JG36-OE-Ssppe1Ssppe1的表达量是JG36的30倍。这也可能是JG36-OE-Ssppe1中的其他表型比JG35-OE-Ssppe1更为明显的原因,比如JG36-OE-Ssppe1表现出更为明显的生长缺陷和高渗透压响应缺陷。在OE-Ssppe1和ΔSsppe1突变体中信息素相关基因(pra1/2mfa1/2)的转录水平均显著降低,表明Ssppe1的稳定表达对信息素通路的调节和甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的有性配合过程十分重要。有研究发现,Hsps在真菌的二态型转换过程中发挥重要作用,例如在巴西副球孢子菌(Paracoccidioides brasiliensis)和副球孢子菌(Paracoccidioides lutzi)的酵母形态中hsp70的转录水平升高[38]hsp90在酵母形态的转录水平高于菌丝形态,且在菌丝体向酵母状转变的早期阶段表达水平上调[36]。结合RNA-seq分析,推测OE-Ssppe1突变体中Hsps基因的转录水平升高是丝状生长缺陷的原因之一。
Ssppe1基因敲除和过表达均会导致甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的致病性降低,这可能与蛋白磷酸酶底物的广泛性有关。在人类基因组中约有500个蛋白激酶,而蛋白磷酸酶仅有150个[39-40];在酵母中存在113个蛋白激酶,而仅鉴定到31个磷酸酶[41-42],这意味着蛋白磷酸酶所催化的底物可能比蛋白激酶更广泛。Ssppe1缺失和过表达可能改变了不同底物蛋白的磷酸化状态或不同基因的转录水平,这些底物改变均导致了真菌致病力的下降。
综上所述,Ssppe1过表达影响甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的营养生长、胞质分裂、细胞壁完整性和对高渗透压胁迫的响应。此外,Ssppe1过表达会导致有性配合能力减弱,致病性降低。本研究揭示了磷酸酶编码基因Ssppe1的稳定表达在甘蔗鞭黑粉菌中的重要作用,为磷酸化修饰的调控机制提供了新见解。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32472510)
  • 广西壮族自治区科技重大专项(GKAA24206010-1)
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250970
  • 接收时间:2025-12-25
  • 首发时间:2026-07-06
  • 出版时间:2026-07-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-25
  • 录用日期:2026-02-12
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The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472510)
国家自然科学基金(32472510)
The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Science and Technology Major Program(GKAA24206010-1)
广西壮族自治区科技重大专项(GKAA24206010-1)
作者信息
    1.亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广西 南宁
    2.广西大学 生命科学与技术学院,广西 南宁
    3.广西甘蔗生物学重点实验室,广西 南宁
    4.广西大学 农学院,广西 南宁

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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