Article(id=1280817539097792512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250979, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1766678400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1771603200000, acceptedDateStr=2026-02-21, onlineDate=1783300297759, onlineDateStr=2026-07-06, pubDate=1783094400000, pubDateStr=2026-07-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783300297759, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783300297759, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783300297759, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1280817479555462000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='7', pageStart='3121', pageEnd='3677', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783094400000', pubDateStr='2026-07-04', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783300283564, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783326087324, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1280925708813832745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1280925708813832746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3233, endPage=3249, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1280817539487862785, articleId=1280817539097792512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Lifestyle and environmental adaptation strategies of dimorphic prosthecate bacteria, columnId=1192149543727808575, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Dimorphic prosthecate bacteria (DPB) are a group of prokaryotes that reproduce through asymmetric division, producing two morphologically and functionally highly differentiated daughter cells. This unique lifestyle strategy endows them with a competitive advantage in nutrient-poor environments and makes them ideal models for studying bacterial developmental regulation, morphological evolution, and ecological adaptation. This review systematically summarizes the research progress in DPB in terms of their taxonomy, molecular mechanisms of lifestyle regulation, extensive ecological distribution, and environmental adaptation strategies. Additionally, it discusses the application potential of DPB in environmental remediation and biotechnology. Finally, this review makes an outlook on future research directions, aiming to provide a reference for deeply understanding the biological characteristics of these bacteria and expanding their application value.

, authors=Na LUO¹, Tengfei HOU¹, Changkun CHENG², Litao SHANG¹, Shiling ZHANG¹, Qiushi HUANG¹, Guangcong REN¹, Dongya WEI¹, Haoli BAI¹, Yi ZHONG¹, authorsList=Na LUO, Tengfei HOU, Changkun CHENG, Litao SHANG, Shiling ZHANG, Qiushi HUANG, Guangcong REN, Dongya WEI, Haoli BAI, Yi ZHONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tengfei HOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1280817542792974349, articleId=1280817539097792512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=二态性柄细菌的生活史与环境适应策略, columnId=1192149543882997826, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

二态性柄细菌(dimorphic prosthecate bacteria, DPB)是一类通过不对称分裂方式繁殖的原核生物，可产生2种在形态与功能上高度分化的子代细胞。这一独特的生活史策略使其在营养匮乏环境中占据竞争优势，并成为研究细菌发育调控、形态进化与生态适应的理想模型。本文系统梳理了该类群的分类学进展、生活史调控的分子机这一独特的生活史策略，使其在营养匮乏环境中占据竞争优势，并因而成为研究细菌发育调控、形态进化与生态适应的理想模型。本文系统梳理了该类群的分类学进展、生活史调控的分子机制、广泛的生态分布及其环境适应策略，并探讨了其在环境修复与生物技术领域的应用潜力。最后，本文结合当前研究现状，对未来研究方向进行了展望，为深入理解该类细菌的生物学特性与开发其应用价值提供参考。

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Cell, 2020, 180(2): 348-358.e15., articleTitle=In situ structure of an intact lipopolysaccharide-bound bacterial surface layer, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1280925224610796335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, awardId=2025ZD1401406, language=EN, fundingSource=The National Science and Technology Major Project(2025ZD1401406), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1280925224686293808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, awardId=2025ZD1401406, language=CN, fundingSource=国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1401406), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1280925224753402673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, awardId=2025DJ105, language=EN, fundingSource=The Science and Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(2025DJ105), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1280925224828900146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, awardId=2025DJ105, language=CN, fundingSource=中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目(2025DJ105), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1280925216138302173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925216150885086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, companyId=1280925216138302173, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=^1.CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited, Beijing, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925216159273695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, companyId=1280925216138302173, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=^1.中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司，北京)]), AuthorCompany(id=1280925216226382560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925216234771169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, companyId=1280925216226382560, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=^2.Oil & Gas Technology Research Institute of Qinghai Oilfield Company, Dunhuang, Gansu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925216243159778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, companyId=1280925216226382560, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=^2.青海油田公司油气工艺研究院，甘肃 敦煌)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1280925223595774755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Phylogenetic tree of dimorphic prosthecate bacteria constructed based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Data were obtained from 16S rRNA gene sequences of dimorphic prosthecate bacteria downloaded from the public database Ezbiocloud (https://www.ezbiocloud.net/). Multiple sequence alignment was performed using MEGA software, and gaps in the aligned sequences were removed. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by the Maximum Likelihood method based on the alignment results, with 1 000 bootstrap replicates., figureFileSmall=+hVFvK+kWDxaE7aBlP9CQQ==, figureFileBig=CleSx2GDBLrXVJ4QjzA7pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925223709020964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的二态性柄细菌系统发育树, figureFileSmall=+hVFvK+kWDxaE7aBlP9CQQ==, figureFileBig=CleSx2GDBLrXVJ4QjzA7pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925223801295653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Division modes of dimorphic prosthecate bacteria. A: Asymmetric binary fission; B: Budding fission., figureFileSmall=DgB8/rqVT2sIyhAX4ovQpw==, figureFileBig=YPgqjFJV22bI54earCrBsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925223885181734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, language=CN, label=图2, caption=二态性柄细菌的分裂方式, figureFileSmall=DgB8/rqVT2sIyhAX4ovQpw==, figureFileBig=YPgqjFJV22bI54earCrBsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925223943901991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Coculture results of algae and dimorphic prosthecate bacteria under phase-contrast microscopy. A: Phaeodactylum tricornutum CCMP2561 and Glycocaulis alkaliphilus 6B-8^T; B: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii UVM4 and Glycocaulis alkaliphilus 6B-8^T. Experimental methods: Seed cultures of P. tricornutum CCMP2561 and C. reinhardtii UVM4 in the logarithmic growth phase were individually inoculated into their respective suitable fresh liquid media for cultivation. Meanwhile, the bacterial culture of G. alkaliphilus 6B-8^T in the logarithmic growth phase was collected; The bacterial cells were harvested by centrifugation, and the supernatant was discarded. The bacterial cells were then individually inoculated into the above two algal culture systems and co-cultured under optimal conditions. After a certain period of co-cultivation, the morphological characteristics of the algae and dimorphic prosthecate bacteria were observed using a phase-contrast microscope., figureFileSmall=43w5Q7LndVM32UuyjWi9Qw==, figureFileBig=zo/2+iU4WeLgmFkgL2DtPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925224019399464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, language=CN, label=图3, caption=相差显微镜下藻类与二态性柄细菌的共培养结果, figureFileSmall=43w5Q7LndVM32UuyjWi9Qw==, figureFileBig=zo/2+iU4WeLgmFkgL2DtPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925224099091241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Microscopic morphology of the holdfast and rosette cluster in Caulobacter vibrioides. A: Cryo-electron tomography structure of the holdfast in C. vibrioides^[51];B: Scanning electron microscopy morphology of the rosette cluster in C. vibrioides^[52]., figureFileSmall=Oy48chy+UOTd7R0qxtJpIw==, figureFileBig=KMmsnVJgdXFFd6TaF1DTmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925224162005802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, language=CN, label=图4, caption=弧形柄杆菌固着器及玫瑰花簇的微观形态, figureFileSmall=Oy48chy+UOTd7R0qxtJpIw==, figureFileBig=KMmsnVJgdXFFd6TaF1DTmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925224224920363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Internal structure of the stalk of dimorphic prosthecate bacteria under cryo-electron microscopy. A: Caulobacter vibrioides (Asterisks denote cross-bands. Arrowheads point at unidentified structures spanning the stalk core. Scale bars, 100 nm)^[60]; B: Hyphomonas neptunium (Scale bars, 100 nm)^[61]., figureFileSmall=/7YI4CEE84TOXKck07XFlA==, figureFileBig=6uGV8K4JkBv5TcXRUtZp5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925224287834924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, language=CN, label=图5, caption=冷冻电镜下二态性柄细菌柄的内部结构, figureFileSmall=/7YI4CEE84TOXKck07XFlA==, figureFileBig=6uGV8K4JkBv5TcXRUtZp5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925224359138093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Taxonomic characteristics of dimorphic prosthecate bacteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Order	Family	Genus	Species	Mode of division	Source	Growth temperature (optimal)/°C	Growth pH (optimal)	Growth NaCl (optimal)/(g/L)
Caulobacterales	Caulobacteraceae	Asticcacaulis	Asticcacaulis benevestitus	BIN	Soil	4-28 (15-20)	4.5-8.0 (5.6-6.0)	0-20 (ND)
			Asticcacaulis biprosthecius	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Asticcacaulis endophyticus	BIN	Soil	7-33 (25-28)	6.0-10.0 (7.0-8.0)	0-10 (ND)
			Asticcacaulis excentricus	BIN	Freshwater	10-40 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Asticcacaulis solisilvae	BIN	Soil	10-37 (25-30)	4.5-9.5 (5.0-7.0)	0-10 (ND)
			Asticcacaulis taihuensis	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	0-20 (ND)
		Brevundimonas	Brevundimonas abyssalis	BIN	Ocean	2-41 (20)	6.5-10.0 (7.5)	10-40 (15)
			Brevundimonas alba	BIN	Soil	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	0-80 (5-20)
			Brevundimonas aurantiaca	BIN	Alga	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	0-80 (5-20)
			Brevundimonas aveniformis	BIN	Activated sludge	15-35 (30)	6.0-9.0 (8.0)	0-10 (5)
			Brevundimonas bacteroides	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	0-80 (5-20)
			Brevundimonas balnearis	BIN	Freshwater	10-45 (20-30)	7.0-10.0 (8.0-9.0)	0-10 (0-10)
			Brevundimonas canariensis	BIN	Soil	15-37 (30)	6.0-8.0 (7.0)	0-50 (ND)
			Brevundimonas denitrificans	BIN	Ocean	8-30 (25)	6.0-10.0 (7.0-8.0)	10-30 (10)
			Brevundimonas diminuta	BIN	Freshwater	30 (28)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Brevundimonas goettingensis	BIN	Freshwater	10-40 (30)	ND (ND)	0-40 (30)
			Brevundimonas halotolerans	BIN	Freshwater	10-40 (20-30)	ND (ND)	0-80 (5-30)
			Brevundimonas intermedia	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Brevundimonas poindexterae	BIN	Activated sludge	20-40 (25)	ND (ND)	0-40 (17.5)
			Brevundimonas staleyi	BIN	Activated sludge	10-40 (30)	ND (ND)	5-30 (17.5)
			Brevundimonas subvibrioides	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	0-20 (20)
		Caulobacter	Caulobacter daechungensis	BIN	Freshwater	4-32 (30)	6.0-9.0 (7.0)	0-10 (ND)
			Caulobacter flavus	BIN	Soil	10-37 (28-30)	5.0-10.0 (7.0)	0-20 (ND)
			Caulobacter fusiformis	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Caulobacter ginsengisoli	BIN	Soil	20-30 (25)	5.5-8.0 (6.5-7.0)	0-10 (ND)
			Caulobacter henricii	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Caulobacter profundus	BIN	Freshwater	4-30 (25-30)	6.0-9.0 (7.0)	10-50 (ND)
			Caulobacter rhizosphaerae	BIN	Soil	10-30 (ND)	6.0-9.0 (ND)	0-10 (ND)
			Caulobacter segnis	BIN	Soil	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Caulobacter vibrioides	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	5.0-10.0 (ND)	0 (ND)
		Phenylobacterium	Phenylobacterium conjunctum	BIN	Freshwater	20-40 (ND)	7.0-9.0 (8.0)	0-10 (5)
		Terricaulis	Terricaulis silvestris	BUD	Soil	10-30 (27)	6.1-8.3 (6.5-7.9)	0 (ND)
Hyphomonadales	Hyphomonadaceae	Hyphomonas	Hyphomonas adhaerens	BUD	Ocean	ND (25-37)	ND (5.7-8.7)	15-120 (ND)
			Hyphomonas atlantica	BUD	Ocean	10-37 (25-37)	5.0-9.0 (6.0-8.0)	5-120 (5-70)
			Hyphomonas beringensis	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25-30)	5.0-8.0 (6.0-9.0)	5-120 (5-70)
			Hyphomonas chukchiensis	BUD	Ocean	10-37 (25-30)	6.0-9.0 (6.0-8.0)	0-150 (0-70)
			Hyphomonas hirschiana	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25-30)	5.0-10.0 (6.0-8.0)	0-70 (0-30)
			Hyphomonas jannaschiana	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25-30)	6.0-10.0 (6.0-8.0)	0-70 (0-30)
			Hyphomonas johnsonii	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25-30)	6.0-9.0 (6.0-8.0)	5-90 (5-70)
			Hyphomonas neptunium	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25-30)	5.0-10.0 (6.0-8.0)	0-120 (5-70)
			Hyphomonas oceanitis	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25-30)	3.0-10.0 (5.0-7.0)	20-150 (5-70)
			Hyphomonas polymorpha	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25-30)	5.0-9.0 (6.0-8.0)	0-90 (0-30)
			Hyphomonas rosenbergii	BUD	Ocean	ND (25-45)	5.7-8.9 (ND)	10-20 (ND)
		Asprobacter	Asprobacter aquaticus	BUD	Freshwater	15-37 (30)	7.0 (ND)	0-10 (ND)
		Henriciella	Henriciella algicola	BIN	Alga	10-40 (20-40)	6.0-9.0 (ND)	5-100 (20-100)
			Henriciella barbarensis	BIN	Ocean	10-40 (20-40)	6.0-9.0 (ND)	5-100 (20-80)
		Hirschia	Hirschia baltica	BUD	Freshwater	ND (22-28)	7.0 (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hirschia litorea	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25)	5.5-8.0 (7.5)	5-70 (20)
			Hirschia maritima	BUD	Ocean	10-30 (30)	6.1-10.1 (8.1-9.1)	10 (ND)
		Ponticaulis	Ponticaulis koreensis	BIN	Ocean	10-42 (30-37)	6.1-10.1 (7.1)	0-60 (ND)
Maricaulales	Robiginitomaculaceae	Robiginitomaculum	Robiginitomaculum antarcticum	BIN	Ocean	3-25 (20)	5.0-10.0 (7.0)	5-50 (22.5)
		Hellea	Hellea balneolensis	BUD	Ocean	15-37 (30)	6.0-8.0 (7.0)	0.2-50 (30)
		Litorimonas	Litorimonas cladophorae	BIN	Alga	4-35 (25-28)	5.5-10.0 (7.5)	10-50 (15-20)
			Litorimonas haliclonae	BIN	Ocean	4-34 (20-34)	4.5-10.0 (7.5)	5-95 (35)
			Litorimonas taeanensis	BUD	Soil	15-40 (25-30)	6.0-9.0 (7.0-8.0)	10-60 (20-30)
		Algimonas	Algimonas porphyrae	BIN	Alga	10-30 (20)	6.0-9.0 (7.5)	10-50 (25)
			Algimonas ampicilliniresistens	BIN	Alga	10-30 (20)	6.0-9.0 (7.0)	10-50 (30)
			Algimonas arctica	BIN	Soil	4-30 (25)	5.0-9.0 (7.0-8.0)	5-60 (20-30)
		Fretibacter	Fretibacter rubidus	BUD	Ocean	15-30 (30)	6.0-10.0 (8.5)	30-50 (30)
Maricaulales	Maricaulaceae	Alkalicaulis	Alkalicaulis satelles	BIN	Freshwater	5-46 (35-40)	7.3-10.3 (8.0-9.0)	0-140 (20-60)
		Glycocaulis	Glycocaulis abyssi	BIN	Ocean	15-35 (30)	6.0-8.0 (7.0)	20-100 (40)
			Glycocaulis albus	BIN	Soil	15-40 (25-37)	7.0-8.6 (8.0)	10-50 (10-30)
			Glycocaulis alkaliphilus	BIN	Freshwater	20-37 (30-37)	8.0-10.0 (9.0)	10-50 (10-50)
		Hyphobacterium	Hyphobacterium vulgare	BIN	Ocean	10-45 (30)	6.5-9.0 (7.5-8.5)	10-60 (10-20)
			Hyphobacterium indicum	BIN	Ocean	10-40 (28)	5.0-8.0 (6.0-7.0)	10-60 (20-30)
		Maricaulis	Maricaulis maris	BIN	Ocean	15-35 (20-25)	6.0-8.0 (7.0)	0-100 (20-60)
			Maricaulis parjimensis	BIN	Ocean	10-50 (30-40)	ND (ND)	5-100 (20-80)
			Maricaulis salignorans	BIN	Ocean	10-50 (30-40)	7.0 (ND)	0-80 (20-60)
			Maricaulis virginensis	BIN	Ocean	10-20 (20-40)	7.0 (ND)	ND (5-100)
			Maricaulis washingtonensis	BIN	Ocean	10-50 (30-40)	7.0 (ND)	0-80 (20-40)
		Marinicauda	Marinicauda algicola	BIN	Alga	15-45 (40)	6.0-9.0 (7.0)	0-100 (20)
			Marinicauda pacifica	BIN	Ocean	6-40 (30)	6.0-9.5 (7.0)	5-120 (20)
			Marinicauda salina	BIN	Ocean	15-45 (37-40)	6.0-9.5 (7.0-7.5)	10-160 (50)
		Oceanicaulis	Oceanicaulis alexandrii	BIN	Ocean	4-37 (30)	7.0 (ND)	20-100 (ND)
			Oceanicaulis stylophorae	BIN	Ocean	15-45 (37.5)	6.0-10.0 (8.0)	0-90 (15)
		Woodsholea	Woodsholea maritima	BIN	Freshwater	20-40 (30)	6.0-8.0 (7.0)	ND (5-100)
		Photocaulis	Photocaulis sulfatitolerans	BIN	Freshwater	4-41 (32)	6.5-11.0 (7.0)	50-650 (250-350)
			Photocaulis rubescens	BIN	Freshwater	4-42 (28)	6.5-11.0 (8.5)	50-650 (50-150)
Rhizobiales	Hyphomicrobiaceae	Filomicrobium	Filomicrobium fusiforme	BUD	Freshwater	ND (20-28)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Filomicrobium insigne	BUD	Soil	4-45 (28-30)	6.0-9.0 (7.0-7.5)	0-70 (ND)
		Hyphomicrobium	Hyphomicrobium denitrificans	BUD	ND	30 (ND)	6.0-8.0 (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium nitrativorans	BUD	Ocean	15-35 (32.5)	7.0-9.5 (8.0)	0-10 (2.5)
			Hyphomicrobium sulfonivorans	BUD	Soil	15-37 (30)	ND (7.3-7.6)	0-15 (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium chloromethanicum	BUD	Soil	ND (28-30)	ND (6.5-7.5)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium coagulans	BUD	ND	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium facile subsp. facile	BUD	ND	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium facile subsp. tolerans	BUD	ND	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium facile subsp. ureaphilum	BUD	ND	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium hollandicum	BUD	ND	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium methylovorum	BUD	Soil	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium vulgare	BUD	Freshwater	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium zavarzinii	BUD	ND	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
		Pedomicrobium	Pedomicrobium americanum	BUD	Freshwater	15-41 (29-32)	ND (7.3-7.6)	1 (ND)
			Pedomicrobium australicum	BUD	Freshwater	15-36 (ND)	ND	ND (ND)
			Pedomicrobium ferrugineum	BUD	Freshwater	10-40 (ND)	3.5-10.0 (ND)	ND (ND)
			Pedomicrobium manganicum	BUD	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
		Devosia	Devosia confluentis	BUD	Freshwater	4-35 (30)	ND (7.0-8.0)	0-30 (0-15)
			Devosia enhydra	BUD	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Devosia mishustinii	BUD	Soil	ND (28-30)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
		Rhodomicrobium	Rhodomicrobium udaipurense	BUD	Freshwater	10-40 (30)	5.5-8.0 (7.0)	0-5 (ND)
			Rhodomicrobium vannielii	BUD	Activated sludge	25 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
Rhizobiales	Hyphomicrobiaceae	Rhodomicrobium	Rhodomicrobium lacus	BUD	Freshwater	10-35 (30)	5.0-9.0 (7.0)	0-10 (ND)
	Parvibaculaceae	Pyruvatibacter	Pyruvatibacter mobilis	BIN	Ocean	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
		Tepidicaulis	Tepidicaulis marinus	BIN	Ocean	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
Sphingomonadales	Sphingomonadaceae	Sphingomonas	Sphingomonas canadensis	BIN	Freshwater	ND (30)	6.0-8.0 (7.0)	0-30 (0-20)
			Sphingomonas leidyi	BIN	Freshwater	10-40 (28)	5.0-10.0 (7.0)	ND (ND)

), ArticleFig(id=1280925224451412782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817539097792512, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

二态性柄细菌分类特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Order	Family	Genus	Species	Mode of division	Source	Growth temperature (optimal)/°C	Growth pH (optimal)	Growth NaCl (optimal)/(g/L)
Caulobacterales	Caulobacteraceae	Asticcacaulis	Asticcacaulis benevestitus	BIN	Soil	4-28 (15-20)	4.5-8.0 (5.6-6.0)	0-20 (ND)
			Asticcacaulis biprosthecius	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Asticcacaulis endophyticus	BIN	Soil	7-33 (25-28)	6.0-10.0 (7.0-8.0)	0-10 (ND)
			Asticcacaulis excentricus	BIN	Freshwater	10-40 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Asticcacaulis solisilvae	BIN	Soil	10-37 (25-30)	4.5-9.5 (5.0-7.0)	0-10 (ND)
			Asticcacaulis taihuensis	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	0-20 (ND)
		Brevundimonas	Brevundimonas abyssalis	BIN	Ocean	2-41 (20)	6.5-10.0 (7.5)	10-40 (15)
			Brevundimonas alba	BIN	Soil	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	0-80 (5-20)
			Brevundimonas aurantiaca	BIN	Alga	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	0-80 (5-20)
			Brevundimonas aveniformis	BIN	Activated sludge	15-35 (30)	6.0-9.0 (8.0)	0-10 (5)
			Brevundimonas bacteroides	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	0-80 (5-20)
			Brevundimonas balnearis	BIN	Freshwater	10-45 (20-30)	7.0-10.0 (8.0-9.0)	0-10 (0-10)
			Brevundimonas canariensis	BIN	Soil	15-37 (30)	6.0-8.0 (7.0)	0-50 (ND)
			Brevundimonas denitrificans	BIN	Ocean	8-30 (25)	6.0-10.0 (7.0-8.0)	10-30 (10)
			Brevundimonas diminuta	BIN	Freshwater	30 (28)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Brevundimonas goettingensis	BIN	Freshwater	10-40 (30)	ND (ND)	0-40 (30)
			Brevundimonas halotolerans	BIN	Freshwater	10-40 (20-30)	ND (ND)	0-80 (5-30)
			Brevundimonas intermedia	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Brevundimonas poindexterae	BIN	Activated sludge	20-40 (25)	ND (ND)	0-40 (17.5)
			Brevundimonas staleyi	BIN	Activated sludge	10-40 (30)	ND (ND)	5-30 (17.5)
			Brevundimonas subvibrioides	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	0-20 (20)
		Caulobacter	Caulobacter daechungensis	BIN	Freshwater	4-32 (30)	6.0-9.0 (7.0)	0-10 (ND)
			Caulobacter flavus	BIN	Soil	10-37 (28-30)	5.0-10.0 (7.0)	0-20 (ND)
			Caulobacter fusiformis	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Caulobacter ginsengisoli	BIN	Soil	20-30 (25)	5.5-8.0 (6.5-7.0)	0-10 (ND)
			Caulobacter henricii	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Caulobacter profundus	BIN	Freshwater	4-30 (25-30)	6.0-9.0 (7.0)	10-50 (ND)
			Caulobacter rhizosphaerae	BIN	Soil	10-30 (ND)	6.0-9.0 (ND)	0-10 (ND)
			Caulobacter segnis	BIN	Soil	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Caulobacter vibrioides	BIN	Freshwater	30 (ND)	5.0-10.0 (ND)	0 (ND)
		Phenylobacterium	Phenylobacterium conjunctum	BIN	Freshwater	20-40 (ND)	7.0-9.0 (8.0)	0-10 (5)
		Terricaulis	Terricaulis silvestris	BUD	Soil	10-30 (27)	6.1-8.3 (6.5-7.9)	0 (ND)
Hyphomonadales	Hyphomonadaceae	Hyphomonas	Hyphomonas adhaerens	BUD	Ocean	ND (25-37)	ND (5.7-8.7)	15-120 (ND)
			Hyphomonas atlantica	BUD	Ocean	10-37 (25-37)	5.0-9.0 (6.0-8.0)	5-120 (5-70)
			Hyphomonas beringensis	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25-30)	5.0-8.0 (6.0-9.0)	5-120 (5-70)
			Hyphomonas chukchiensis	BUD	Ocean	10-37 (25-30)	6.0-9.0 (6.0-8.0)	0-150 (0-70)
			Hyphomonas hirschiana	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25-30)	5.0-10.0 (6.0-8.0)	0-70 (0-30)
			Hyphomonas jannaschiana	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25-30)	6.0-10.0 (6.0-8.0)	0-70 (0-30)
			Hyphomonas johnsonii	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25-30)	6.0-9.0 (6.0-8.0)	5-90 (5-70)
			Hyphomonas neptunium	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25-30)	5.0-10.0 (6.0-8.0)	0-120 (5-70)
			Hyphomonas oceanitis	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25-30)	3.0-10.0 (5.0-7.0)	20-150 (5-70)
			Hyphomonas polymorpha	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25-30)	5.0-9.0 (6.0-8.0)	0-90 (0-30)
			Hyphomonas rosenbergii	BUD	Ocean	ND (25-45)	5.7-8.9 (ND)	10-20 (ND)
		Asprobacter	Asprobacter aquaticus	BUD	Freshwater	15-37 (30)	7.0 (ND)	0-10 (ND)
		Henriciella	Henriciella algicola	BIN	Alga	10-40 (20-40)	6.0-9.0 (ND)	5-100 (20-100)
			Henriciella barbarensis	BIN	Ocean	10-40 (20-40)	6.0-9.0 (ND)	5-100 (20-80)
		Hirschia	Hirschia baltica	BUD	Freshwater	ND (22-28)	7.0 (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hirschia litorea	BUD	Ocean	4-37 (25)	5.5-8.0 (7.5)	5-70 (20)
			Hirschia maritima	BUD	Ocean	10-30 (30)	6.1-10.1 (8.1-9.1)	10 (ND)
		Ponticaulis	Ponticaulis koreensis	BIN	Ocean	10-42 (30-37)	6.1-10.1 (7.1)	0-60 (ND)
Maricaulales	Robiginitomaculaceae	Robiginitomaculum	Robiginitomaculum antarcticum	BIN	Ocean	3-25 (20)	5.0-10.0 (7.0)	5-50 (22.5)
		Hellea	Hellea balneolensis	BUD	Ocean	15-37 (30)	6.0-8.0 (7.0)	0.2-50 (30)
		Litorimonas	Litorimonas cladophorae	BIN	Alga	4-35 (25-28)	5.5-10.0 (7.5)	10-50 (15-20)
			Litorimonas haliclonae	BIN	Ocean	4-34 (20-34)	4.5-10.0 (7.5)	5-95 (35)
			Litorimonas taeanensis	BUD	Soil	15-40 (25-30)	6.0-9.0 (7.0-8.0)	10-60 (20-30)
		Algimonas	Algimonas porphyrae	BIN	Alga	10-30 (20)	6.0-9.0 (7.5)	10-50 (25)
			Algimonas ampicilliniresistens	BIN	Alga	10-30 (20)	6.0-9.0 (7.0)	10-50 (30)
			Algimonas arctica	BIN	Soil	4-30 (25)	5.0-9.0 (7.0-8.0)	5-60 (20-30)
		Fretibacter	Fretibacter rubidus	BUD	Ocean	15-30 (30)	6.0-10.0 (8.5)	30-50 (30)
Maricaulales	Maricaulaceae	Alkalicaulis	Alkalicaulis satelles	BIN	Freshwater	5-46 (35-40)	7.3-10.3 (8.0-9.0)	0-140 (20-60)
		Glycocaulis	Glycocaulis abyssi	BIN	Ocean	15-35 (30)	6.0-8.0 (7.0)	20-100 (40)
			Glycocaulis albus	BIN	Soil	15-40 (25-37)	7.0-8.6 (8.0)	10-50 (10-30)
			Glycocaulis alkaliphilus	BIN	Freshwater	20-37 (30-37)	8.0-10.0 (9.0)	10-50 (10-50)
		Hyphobacterium	Hyphobacterium vulgare	BIN	Ocean	10-45 (30)	6.5-9.0 (7.5-8.5)	10-60 (10-20)
			Hyphobacterium indicum	BIN	Ocean	10-40 (28)	5.0-8.0 (6.0-7.0)	10-60 (20-30)
		Maricaulis	Maricaulis maris	BIN	Ocean	15-35 (20-25)	6.0-8.0 (7.0)	0-100 (20-60)
			Maricaulis parjimensis	BIN	Ocean	10-50 (30-40)	ND (ND)	5-100 (20-80)
			Maricaulis salignorans	BIN	Ocean	10-50 (30-40)	7.0 (ND)	0-80 (20-60)
			Maricaulis virginensis	BIN	Ocean	10-20 (20-40)	7.0 (ND)	ND (5-100)
			Maricaulis washingtonensis	BIN	Ocean	10-50 (30-40)	7.0 (ND)	0-80 (20-40)
		Marinicauda	Marinicauda algicola	BIN	Alga	15-45 (40)	6.0-9.0 (7.0)	0-100 (20)
			Marinicauda pacifica	BIN	Ocean	6-40 (30)	6.0-9.5 (7.0)	5-120 (20)
			Marinicauda salina	BIN	Ocean	15-45 (37-40)	6.0-9.5 (7.0-7.5)	10-160 (50)
		Oceanicaulis	Oceanicaulis alexandrii	BIN	Ocean	4-37 (30)	7.0 (ND)	20-100 (ND)
			Oceanicaulis stylophorae	BIN	Ocean	15-45 (37.5)	6.0-10.0 (8.0)	0-90 (15)
		Woodsholea	Woodsholea maritima	BIN	Freshwater	20-40 (30)	6.0-8.0 (7.0)	ND (5-100)
		Photocaulis	Photocaulis sulfatitolerans	BIN	Freshwater	4-41 (32)	6.5-11.0 (7.0)	50-650 (250-350)
			Photocaulis rubescens	BIN	Freshwater	4-42 (28)	6.5-11.0 (8.5)	50-650 (50-150)
Rhizobiales	Hyphomicrobiaceae	Filomicrobium	Filomicrobium fusiforme	BUD	Freshwater	ND (20-28)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Filomicrobium insigne	BUD	Soil	4-45 (28-30)	6.0-9.0 (7.0-7.5)	0-70 (ND)
		Hyphomicrobium	Hyphomicrobium denitrificans	BUD	ND	30 (ND)	6.0-8.0 (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium nitrativorans	BUD	Ocean	15-35 (32.5)	7.0-9.5 (8.0)	0-10 (2.5)
			Hyphomicrobium sulfonivorans	BUD	Soil	15-37 (30)	ND (7.3-7.6)	0-15 (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium chloromethanicum	BUD	Soil	ND (28-30)	ND (6.5-7.5)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium coagulans	BUD	ND	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium facile subsp. facile	BUD	ND	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium facile subsp. tolerans	BUD	ND	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium facile subsp. ureaphilum	BUD	ND	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium hollandicum	BUD	ND	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium methylovorum	BUD	Soil	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium vulgare	BUD	Freshwater	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Hyphomicrobium zavarzinii	BUD	ND	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
		Pedomicrobium	Pedomicrobium americanum	BUD	Freshwater	15-41 (29-32)	ND (7.3-7.6)	1 (ND)
			Pedomicrobium australicum	BUD	Freshwater	15-36 (ND)	ND	ND (ND)
			Pedomicrobium ferrugineum	BUD	Freshwater	10-40 (ND)	3.5-10.0 (ND)	ND (ND)
			Pedomicrobium manganicum	BUD	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
		Devosia	Devosia confluentis	BUD	Freshwater	4-35 (30)	ND (7.0-8.0)	0-30 (0-15)
			Devosia enhydra	BUD	Freshwater	30 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
			Devosia mishustinii	BUD	Soil	ND (28-30)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
		Rhodomicrobium	Rhodomicrobium udaipurense	BUD	Freshwater	10-40 (30)	5.5-8.0 (7.0)	0-5 (ND)
			Rhodomicrobium vannielii	BUD	Activated sludge	25 (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
Rhizobiales	Hyphomicrobiaceae	Rhodomicrobium	Rhodomicrobium lacus	BUD	Freshwater	10-35 (30)	5.0-9.0 (7.0)	0-10 (ND)
	Parvibaculaceae	Pyruvatibacter	Pyruvatibacter mobilis	BIN	Ocean	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
		Tepidicaulis	Tepidicaulis marinus	BIN	Ocean	ND (ND)	ND (ND)	ND (ND)
Sphingomonadales	Sphingomonadaceae	Sphingomonas	Sphingomonas canadensis	BIN	Freshwater	ND (30)	6.0-8.0 (7.0)	0-30 (0-20)
			Sphingomonas leidyi	BIN	Freshwater	10-40 (28)	5.0-10.0 (7.0)	ND (ND)

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