Article(id=1274057633301553515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260179, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1772640000000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1776182400000, acceptedDateStr=2026-04-15, onlineDate=1781688610624, onlineDateStr=2026-06-17, pubDate=1780502400000, pubDateStr=2026-06-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781688610624, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781688610624, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781688610624, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1274057338156769818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='6', pageStart='2561', pageEnd='3114', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781688540257, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781688602467, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1274057599193486082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1274057599193486083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3069, endPage=3087, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1274057633737761133, articleId=1274057633301553515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Differences in community assembly and seasonal dynamics of generalist and specialist microeukaryotes in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To compare the compositional differences, assembly characteristics, and ecological roles of generalist and specialist microeukaryotes between the dry and rainy seasons in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and to clarify how spatial heterogeneity and seasonal hydrological fluctuations influence microeukaryotic diversity. Methods Water samples were collected from 34 paired sampling sites in May 2022 (dry season) and July 2023 (rainy season). Environmental factor measurements, 18S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to examine the assembly processes, environmental responses, species associations, and state-transition characteristics of the generalist and specialist subcommunities. Results A total of 14 828 high-quality amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were obtained, with 10 240 and 8 737 detected in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. In the dry season, 146 generalists and 933 specialists were identified, whereas 526 generalists and 1 420 specialists were identified in the rainy season. The relative abundance of generalists and specialists was 6.29% and 73.18% in the dry season and 4.45% and 77.49% in the rainy season, respectively. The composition of generalists and specialists differed significantly in both seasons, and beta diversity was mainly driven by species turnover. Stochastic processes generally dominated community assembly, although the relative contributions of ecological processes differed between the two ecological strategy groups. In the rainy season, dispersal limitation weakened in specialists, whereas the contribution of deterministic processes increased in generalists, mainly due to increased homogeneous selection. Binary-state speciation and extinction (BiSSE) parameters indicated that specialists had higher state-transition rates, suggesting faster state turnover under contrasting seasonal conditions. Spatial and water physicochemical factors jointly drove community differentiation and niche divergence, with latitude, turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand as the main explanatory variables. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that both groups contributed to maintaining network complexity and stability, while network simplification was more pronounced after specialists were removed. Conclusion Generalist and specialist microeukaryotes in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River showed marked differences in community assembly across seasonal transitions. Their distribution was jointly shaped by spatial heterogeneity, hydrological connectivity, and environmental filtering. Specialists contributed more strongly to network connectivity and may play a more important role in maintaining community resilience than generalists.

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E-mail: Ba Sang,
DIAN Longyang,
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目的 比较雅鲁藏布江下游流域旱季和雨季真核微生物泛化种与特化种的组成差异、组装特征及生态作用,阐明空间异质性和季节性水文波动对真核微生物多样性的影响。 方法 于2022年5月(旱季)和2023年7月(雨季)在34个对应样点采集水样,结合环境因子测定、18S rRNA基因高通量测序和多元统计分析,比较泛化种与特化种亚群落的组装过程、环境响应、种间关联及状态转换特征。 结果 共获得14 828个高质量的扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variants, ASVs),其中旱季检出10 240个,雨季检出8 737个;旱季泛化种和特化种分别为146个和933个,雨季分别为526个和1 420个,按总相对丰度计分别占6.29%、73.18%和4.45%、77.49%。两季泛化种与特化种组成均显著分异,β多样性主要由物种周转驱动。随机过程总体主导群落组装,但泛化种与特化种的相对贡献存在差异:雨季特化种扩散限制减弱,泛化种确定性过程贡献升高,其中同质选择作用增强。二元状态物种形成与灭绝模型(binary-state speciation and extinction, BiSSE)参数结果提示,特化种表现出较高的相对状态转换速率,反映其在不同季节条件下可能具有更快的状态更新趋势。空间因子和水体理化因子共同驱动群落分异与生态位分化,其中纬度、浊度和化学需氧量是主要解释因子。共现网络分析表明,2类群均有助于维持网络复杂性和稳定性,但移除特化种后网络简化更为明显。 结论 雅鲁藏布江下游流域真核微生物泛化种与特化种在季节更替过程中存在显著组装差异,其形成受空间异质性、水文连通性和环境筛选共同调控;相比之下,特化种对网络连通性的支撑作用更强,在维持群落韧性方面发挥着更重要的作用。

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作者贡献声明

卜令苏:概念化、形式分析、调查研究、方法论设计、验证、论文撰写;卫佩佩:形式分析、方法论设计、论文撰写;杨胜娴:调查研究、方法论设计、验证;巢欣:调查研究、监督指导、方法论设计;刘惠秋:调查研究、监督指导、验证;徐佳杰:调查研究、监督指导、方法论设计;张国春:形式分析、调查研究、验证;典龙阳:概念化、方法论设计、资金获取、调查研究、撰写-审阅;巴桑:概念化、资金获取、项目管理、调查研究、撰写-审阅。

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Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020, 11: 1021., articleTitle=Bacterial communities in stream biofilms in a degrading grassland watershed on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1274088109634474887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, awardId=XZ202501ZY0018, language=EN, fundingSource=the Science and Technology Program of the Xizang Autonomous Region(XZ202501ZY0018), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1274088109730943880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, awardId=XZ202501ZY0018, language=CN, fundingSource=西藏自治区科技计划(XZ202501ZY0018), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1274088109793858441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, awardId=XZ202501JD0016, language=EN, fundingSource=the Science and Technology Program of the Xizang Autonomous Region(XZ202501JD0016), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1274088109852578698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, awardId=XZ202501JD0016, language=CN, fundingSource=西藏自治区科技计划(XZ202501JD0016), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1274088109915493259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, awardId=M2024-01, language=EN, fundingSource=the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology the Open Project(M2024-01), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1274088110192317324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, awardId=M2024-01, language=CN, fundingSource=微生物改造技术全国重点实验室开放课题(M2024-01), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1274088090332287786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274088090336482091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, companyId=1274088090332287786, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Laboratory of Wetland and Watershed Ecosystems of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Xizang University, Lhasa, Xizang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274088090344870700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, companyId=1274088090332287786, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西藏大学 生态环境学院,青藏高原湿地与流域生态系统实验室,西藏 拉萨)]), AuthorCompany(id=1274088090403590957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274088090411979566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, companyId=1274088090403590957, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Nagqu Mitika Alpine Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Xizang Autonomous Region, School of Ecology and Environment, Xizang University, Lhasa, Xizang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274088090420368175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, companyId=1274088090403590957, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西藏大学 生态环境学院,那曲麦地卡高寒湿地生态系统自治区野外科学观测研究站,西藏 拉萨)]), AuthorCompany(id=1274088090487477041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274088090491671346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, companyId=1274088090487477041, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274088090504254259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, companyId=1274088090487477041, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山东大学 微生物技术研究院,微生物改造技术全国重点实验室,山东 青岛)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1274088108342629239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Major taxonomic composition and niche-width distribution of generalist and specialist microeukaryotic subcommunities during the dry and rainy seasons in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. A: Occurrence frequency, niche width, and relative abundance of ASVs in the dry season, together with the relative abundances of generalist, specialist, and other ASVs; B: Corresponding results for the rainy season; C: Composition of the eight most abundant taxa in the generalist and specialist subcommunities in the dry season; D: Corresponding results for the rainy season., figureFileSmall=5g1mlmb8+z1kDZwrx2m8bg==, figureFileBig=Q16jN5XOEHEtJKHFxIghxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088108422321016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=CN, label=图1, caption=雅鲁藏布江下游流域真核微生物泛化种和特化种亚群落在不同季节的主要类群组成与生态位宽度分布, figureFileSmall=5g1mlmb8+z1kDZwrx2m8bg==, figureFileBig=Q16jN5XOEHEtJKHFxIghxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088108522984313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Beta diversity partitioning of the microeukaryotic community and its subcommunities in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River during the dry and rainy seasons. A: Dry season; B: Rainy season. Green indicates microeukaryotes, blue indicates generalists, and orange indicates specialists. Repl denotes the replacement component, Richdiff denotes the richness-difference component, and 1-β denotes the complement of beta diversity., figureFileSmall=stmxCfHZ+ChipDsYaP6JDA==, figureFileBig=HX8ueVnPXpenoN4cmNsirQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088108585898874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=CN, label=图2, caption=雅鲁藏布江下游流域真核微生物群落及亚群落在旱季和雨季的β多样性组分分解, figureFileSmall=stmxCfHZ+ChipDsYaP6JDA==, figureFileBig=HX8ueVnPXpenoN4cmNsirQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088108665590651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Speciation, extinction, and state-transition rates of generalists and specialists in the dry and rainy seasons estimated using the BiSSE model. A-C: Speciation, extinction, and state-transition rates in the dry season; D-F: Speciation, extinction, and state-transition rates in the rainy season. Orange indicates specialists and blue indicates generalists; For state-transition rates, orange indicates transitions from specialists to generalists, whereas blue indicates transitions from generalists to specialists., figureFileSmall=mPrUG8BfwXlYf+AEUwrh+Q==, figureFileBig=AA0LSE9Nqfz7c5Y5iXWZWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088108745282428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=CN, label=图3, caption=BiSSE模型估计的旱季和雨季泛化种与特化种物种形成率、灭绝率和状态转换速率分布, figureFileSmall=mPrUG8BfwXlYf+AEUwrh+Q==, figureFileBig=AA0LSE9Nqfz7c5Y5iXWZWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088108816585597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Community assembly patterns of the overall microeukaryotic community and the generalist and specialist subcommunities in the dry and rainy seasons. A, D: Relative contributions of deterministic and stochastic processes and their subcategories in the dry and rainy seasons. B, E: Relationships between Bray-Curtis similarity and geographic distance for the generalist and specialist subcommunities in the dry and rainy seasons. C, F: Distributions of βNTI for the overall microeukaryotic community and the generalist and specialist subcommunities in the dry and rainy seasons. Deterministic processes include heterogeneous selection and homogeneous selection, whereas stochastic processes include dispersal limitation, homogenizing dispersal, and undominated processes. R2 denotes the coefficient of determination, and βNTI denotes the beta-nearest taxon index. ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=lpGvTHhVF1DYiUMpi7RyRA==, figureFileBig=GBOKtpFzLuTJTlUYc0zxgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088108883694462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=CN, label=图4, caption=旱季和雨季真核微生物群落及其泛化种、特化种亚群落的组装过程、距离衰减和βNTI分布, figureFileSmall=lpGvTHhVF1DYiUMpi7RyRA==, figureFileBig=GBOKtpFzLuTJTlUYc0zxgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088108954997631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Relationships between environmental factors and the overall microeukaryotic community, as well as the generalist and specialist subcommunities, in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. A, B: CCA ordinations in the dry and rainy seasons; C, D: Random forest analyses of alpha diversity indices of the generalist and specialist subcommunities in the dry and rainy seasons. In the CCA plots, points represent samples and arrows represent environmental factors. In the random forest panels, the upper plots show explained variance, and the lower heatmaps show correlations between environmental factors and alpha diversity indices; Circle size indicates importance, and color indicates the correlation coefficient. CCA: Canonical correspondence analysis; EC: Electrical conductivity; WT: Water temperature; DO: Dissolved oxygen; TUR: Turbidity; TN: Total nitrogen; TP: Total phosphorus; NH3-N: Ammonia nitrogen; CODcr: Chemical oxygen demand; FV: Flow velocity; ALT: Altitude; LAT: Latitude; LON: Longitude; PD: Phylogenetic diversity; pH: pH value., figureFileSmall=Vh+CUbTy9m2tBeNlW5gYpQ==, figureFileBig=ZMy4cWewcaWo/E9TTVYIBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088109022106496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=CN, label=图5, caption=雅鲁藏布江下游流域真核微生物群落及泛化种、特化种亚群落与环境因子的关系, figureFileSmall=Vh+CUbTy9m2tBeNlW5gYpQ==, figureFileBig=ZMy4cWewcaWo/E9TTVYIBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088109093409665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Co-occurrence network characteristics of the overall microeukaryotic community and its subcommunities in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. A-D: Dry season; E-H: Rainy season. A, E: Overall community co-occurrence networks colored by major taxa; B, F: Overall community co-occurrence networks colored by ecological strategy group; C, G: Co-occurrence networks of the generalist and specialist subcommunities; D, H: Network modular structure. Nodes represent ASVs, and edges indicate significant correlations among ASVs. Different colors denote major taxa, ecological strategy groups, or modules. Nodes and degree indicate the number of nodes and average degree, respectively., figureFileSmall=bXafKBe+98RJjk3WQxrKRA==, figureFileBig=p1BzJQnW+ZScraXIQenciQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088109168907138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=CN, label=图6, caption=雅鲁藏布江下游流域真核微生物群落及亚群落共现网络特征, figureFileSmall=bXafKBe+98RJjk3WQxrKRA==, figureFileBig=p1BzJQnW+ZScraXIQenciQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088109269570435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Heatmap comparison of topological properties between the generalist-specialist subnetwork and the overall network in the dry and rainy seasons. The generalist-specialist subnetwork was constructed using only generalist and specialist ASVs, whereas the overall network was constructed from all microeukaryotic ASVs. Colors indicate the relative values of different network types within each topological metric after row-wise normalization; darker shading within the same row indicates higher relative values. Numbers in cells indicate the original values of each metric. The topological metrics include average degree, number of nodes, number of edges, graph density, average path length, average clustering coefficient, modularity, and the proportions of positive and negative correlations., figureFileSmall=YTFhVkXHYgdVtVhi0iqG1w==, figureFileBig=Jua76LbDhsJL9c46EZEj+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088109349262212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=CN, label=图7, caption=旱季和雨季中泛化种-特化种子网络与整体网络拓扑特征的热图比较, figureFileSmall=YTFhVkXHYgdVtVhi0iqG1w==, figureFileBig=Jua76LbDhsJL9c46EZEj+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088109420565381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Topological roles of generalists and specialists and their effects on network cohesion and robustness in microeukaryotic communities in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. A, B: Distribution of network nodes in the Zi-Pi plot in the dry and rainy seasons; C, D: Positive and negative cohesion of the overall network and the networks obtained after removing generalists or specialists in the dry and rainy seasons; E, F: Robustness of the overall network and the networks obtained after removing generalists or specialists in the dry and rainy seasons. Zi: Within-module connectivity; Pi: Among-module connectivity., figureFileSmall=6p3iR2gZdVw+a6FlBbZ+Ig==, figureFileBig=kV0AfD+hzEQiLGxhH0p4fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088109483479942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057633301553515, language=CN, label=图8, caption=雅鲁藏布江下游流域真核微生物群落中泛化种和特化种的拓扑角色及其对网络凝聚力和稳健性的影响, figureFileSmall=6p3iR2gZdVw+a6FlBbZ+Ig==, figureFileBig=kV0AfD+hzEQiLGxhH0p4fg==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1192105720683257860, delFlag=0, nameCn=微生物学报, nameEn=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0001-6209, eissn=null, cn=11-1995/Q, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, 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雅鲁藏布江下游真核微生物泛化种与特化种的群落组装差异及其季节动态
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卜令苏 1, 2 , 卫佩佩 1, 2 , 杨胜娴 1, 2 , 巢欣 1, 2 , 刘惠秋 1, 2 , 徐佳杰 1, 2 , 张国春 1, 2 , 典龙阳 3 , 巴桑 1, 2
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(6): 3069-3087
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026, 66(6): 3069-3087
雅鲁藏布江下游真核微生物泛化种与特化种的群落组装差异及其季节动态
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卜令苏1, 2, 卫佩佩1, 2, 杨胜娴1, 2, 巢欣1, 2, 刘惠秋1, 2, 徐佳杰1, 2, 张国春1, 2, 典龙阳3 , 巴桑1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.西藏大学 生态环境学院,青藏高原湿地与流域生态系统实验室,西藏 拉萨
  • 2.西藏大学 生态环境学院,那曲麦地卡高寒湿地生态系统自治区野外科学观测研究站,西藏 拉萨
  • 3.山东大学 微生物技术研究院,微生物改造技术全国重点实验室,山东 青岛
Differences in community assembly and seasonal dynamics of generalist and specialist microeukaryotes in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River
Lingsu BU1, 2, Peipei WEI1, 2, Shengxian YANG1, 2, Xin CHAO1, 2, Huiqiu LIU1, 2, Jiajie XU1, 2, Guochun ZHANG1, 2, Longyang DIAN3 , Sang Ba1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Laboratory of Wetland and Watershed Ecosystems of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Xizang University, Lhasa, Xizang, China
  • 2.Nagqu Mitika Alpine Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Xizang Autonomous Region, School of Ecology and Environment, Xizang University, Lhasa, Xizang, China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
出版时间: 2026-06-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260179
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目的 比较雅鲁藏布江下游流域旱季和雨季真核微生物泛化种与特化种的组成差异、组装特征及生态作用,阐明空间异质性和季节性水文波动对真核微生物多样性的影响。 方法 于2022年5月(旱季)和2023年7月(雨季)在34个对应样点采集水样,结合环境因子测定、18S rRNA基因高通量测序和多元统计分析,比较泛化种与特化种亚群落的组装过程、环境响应、种间关联及状态转换特征。 结果 共获得14 828个高质量的扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variants, ASVs),其中旱季检出10 240个,雨季检出8 737个;旱季泛化种和特化种分别为146个和933个,雨季分别为526个和1 420个,按总相对丰度计分别占6.29%、73.18%和4.45%、77.49%。两季泛化种与特化种组成均显著分异,β多样性主要由物种周转驱动。随机过程总体主导群落组装,但泛化种与特化种的相对贡献存在差异:雨季特化种扩散限制减弱,泛化种确定性过程贡献升高,其中同质选择作用增强。二元状态物种形成与灭绝模型(binary-state speciation and extinction, BiSSE)参数结果提示,特化种表现出较高的相对状态转换速率,反映其在不同季节条件下可能具有更快的状态更新趋势。空间因子和水体理化因子共同驱动群落分异与生态位分化,其中纬度、浊度和化学需氧量是主要解释因子。共现网络分析表明,2类群均有助于维持网络复杂性和稳定性,但移除特化种后网络简化更为明显。 结论 雅鲁藏布江下游流域真核微生物泛化种与特化种在季节更替过程中存在显著组装差异,其形成受空间异质性、水文连通性和环境筛选共同调控;相比之下,特化种对网络连通性的支撑作用更强,在维持群落韧性方面发挥着更重要的作用。

雅鲁藏布江下游  /  真核微生物  /  泛化种  /  特化种  /  群落组装  /  季节动态

Objective To compare the compositional differences, assembly characteristics, and ecological roles of generalist and specialist microeukaryotes between the dry and rainy seasons in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and to clarify how spatial heterogeneity and seasonal hydrological fluctuations influence microeukaryotic diversity. Methods Water samples were collected from 34 paired sampling sites in May 2022 (dry season) and July 2023 (rainy season). Environmental factor measurements, 18S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to examine the assembly processes, environmental responses, species associations, and state-transition characteristics of the generalist and specialist subcommunities. Results A total of 14 828 high-quality amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were obtained, with 10 240 and 8 737 detected in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. In the dry season, 146 generalists and 933 specialists were identified, whereas 526 generalists and 1 420 specialists were identified in the rainy season. The relative abundance of generalists and specialists was 6.29% and 73.18% in the dry season and 4.45% and 77.49% in the rainy season, respectively. The composition of generalists and specialists differed significantly in both seasons, and beta diversity was mainly driven by species turnover. Stochastic processes generally dominated community assembly, although the relative contributions of ecological processes differed between the two ecological strategy groups. In the rainy season, dispersal limitation weakened in specialists, whereas the contribution of deterministic processes increased in generalists, mainly due to increased homogeneous selection. Binary-state speciation and extinction (BiSSE) parameters indicated that specialists had higher state-transition rates, suggesting faster state turnover under contrasting seasonal conditions. Spatial and water physicochemical factors jointly drove community differentiation and niche divergence, with latitude, turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand as the main explanatory variables. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that both groups contributed to maintaining network complexity and stability, while network simplification was more pronounced after specialists were removed. Conclusion Generalist and specialist microeukaryotes in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River showed marked differences in community assembly across seasonal transitions. Their distribution was jointly shaped by spatial heterogeneity, hydrological connectivity, and environmental filtering. Specialists contributed more strongly to network connectivity and may play a more important role in maintaining community resilience than generalists.

lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River  /  microeukaryote  /  generalist  /  specialist  /  community assembly  /  seasonal dynamics
卜令苏, 卫佩佩, 杨胜娴, 巢欣, 刘惠秋, 徐佳杰, 张国春, 典龙阳, 巴桑. 雅鲁藏布江下游真核微生物泛化种与特化种的群落组装差异及其季节动态. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (6) : 3069 -3087 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260179
Lingsu BU, Peipei WEI, Shengxian YANG, Xin CHAO, Huiqiu LIU, Jiajie XU, Guochun ZHANG, Longyang DIAN, Sang Ba. Differences in community assembly and seasonal dynamics of generalist and specialist microeukaryotes in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (6) : 3069 -3087 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260179
雅鲁藏布江下游流域位于青藏高原东南缘,是典型的高寒峡谷河流区域[1-4]。与平原河流和低海拔河流相比,该区域具有高海拔、地形起伏大、季风降水集中以及冰川融水补给等显著特征,沿程水文情势、生境条件和环境因子变化剧烈,呈现出明显的空间异质性和复杂的生态梯度;研究区内不同河段在海拔、水动力及生境条件等方面差异显著,具有较强的纵向环境梯度;旱季与雨季在径流来源、水体扰动、颗粒物输入和营养盐输送等方面也存在显著差异[1-4]。沿程环境异质性与季节性水文波动共同塑造了高寒河流独特的生态背景,可能深刻影响真核微生物群落的分布格局、环境响应以及不同生态策略类群的组装特征[1-7]。因此,从群落分布及其与环境因子的耦合关系入手,可为阐明高寒河流真核微生物群落生态过程及其多样性维持机制提供依据[5-7]
物种多样性的形成与维持受生态位分化、环境筛选和生物相互作用等多种过程共同驱动;基于生态位宽度理论,在异质性环境中微生物可划分为泛化种和特化种2类生态策略:前者生态位较宽,通常具有更强的环境耐受性和扩散能力;后者生态位较窄,更易受局地环境约束,表现出更高的空间周转率和更强的生境偏好[8-9]。已有研究表明,泛化种与特化种在群落组装、生态位分异及网络功能角色等方面存在明显差异,且不同类群的季节动态和环境响应方式也不一致,但相关认识主要来自原核生物以及湖泊、沉积物和低海拔河流等系统;相比之下,在季节性水文波动显著、纵向气候梯度强烈的高寒河流中,不同生态策略类群在强空间异质性和季节性水文连通转换背景下的组装响应规律仍缺乏系统研究[10-16]
本研究以雅鲁藏布江下游流域为研究区域,从生态策略分化视角探究以下2个方面的问题:(1) 在旱季与雨季转换过程中,真核微生物泛化种与特化种在组成结构、多样性格局和群落组装机制上是否存在显著差异?(2) 在高寒峡谷河流强空间异质性背景下,2类生态策略类群在环境响应、空间衰减、状态转换趋势及共现网络维持中的作用是否不同?本研究旨在为理解高寒河流真核微生物多样性维持机制及其季节性水文响应提供生态学依据。
雅鲁藏布江下游流域位于西藏东南部,受复杂地形与季风气候共同影响,降水季节性和空间异质性显著。于2022年5月和2023年7月在该流域34个对应样点采集水样,采样点分布范围为29°20′-30°10′N、92°20′-96°10′E。各样点现场理化指标均进行3次平行测定。每个样点采集原水约9 L,采集后的水样先经200 μm尼龙滤网预过滤,以去除大颗粒杂质,再采用0.22 μm聚碳酸酯滤膜进行真空抽滤。每份水样的颗粒物分别截留于4张滤膜上,每张滤膜过滤350 mL,抽滤压力控制在0.03 MPa以下,并于2 h内完成全部过滤操作。过滤后的滤膜置于无菌冻存管中,经液氮速冻后冷链运输保存,用于后续脱氧核糖核酸(deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA)提取和测序分析。
结合研究区气候背景和采样年实际降水状况,对采样时段的季节属性进行综合判定。公开资料表明,西藏雨季总体集中于5-10月,且雨季开始时间由东南向西北陆续推进,区域差异明显。为提高判定的针对性,选取与本研究采样时段相对应的工布江达、波密和墨脱3个代表站,整理公开月降水资料。结果显示,2022年5月,3站月降水量分别为201.7、214.6、149.6 mm,平均为188.6 mm;2023年7月3站月降水量分别为653.4、236.3、531.8 mm,平均为473.8 mm,为2022年5月的2.51倍。这表明2次采样对应时段的降水条件存在明显差异。基于此,本文将2022年5月界定为采样区域当年相对少雨阶段,将2023年7月界定为采样区域当年典型多雨阶段,文中分别简称为旱季和雨季。
现场采用便携式多参数水质仪(Hanna Instruments公司)测定酸碱度(pH)、水温(water temperature, WT)和电导率(electrical conductivity, EC);采用便携式溶解氧测定仪(Hanna Instruments公司)测定溶解氧(dissolved oxygen, DO);采用浊度测定仪(Hanna Instruments公司)测定浊度(turbidity, TUR),采用水质分析仪(Hanna Instruments公司)测定氨氮(ammonia nitrogen, NH3-N);使用流速仪(Global Water Instruments公司)测定流速(flow velocity, FV)。样点经纬度和海拔(altitude, ALT)由全球定位系统(global positioning system, GPS)记录,所有现场理化指标均进行3次平行测定以提高测定结果的稳定性。总磷(total phosphorus, TP)、总氮(total nitrogen, TN)和化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand, CODcr)等指标按照国家标准方法,由具备资质的检测机构完成测定,其中TP采用钼酸铵分光光度法,TN采用碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法,CODcr采用重铬酸钾法[17]
采用PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit (Qiagen公司)提取环境DNA,使用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA完整性,并利用NanoDrop分光光度计(Thermo Fisher Scientific公司)测定DNA浓度和纯度。随后使用引物1391f (5′-GTACACACCGC CCGTC-3′)和1510r (5′-TGATCCTTCTGCAGGT TCACCTAC-3′)对18S rRNA基因V9区进行PCR扩增。PCR扩增由北京诺禾致源科技股份有限公司(Novogene Co., Ltd.)完成,反应体系和扩增条件参照已有真核微生物扩增子研究设置。PCR反应体系(30 μL):Phusion High-Fidelity PCR Master Mix (New England Biolabs公司) 15 μL,上、下游引物最终浓度均为0.2 μmol/L,DNA模板约10 ng,无菌水补足至30 μL。PCR反应条件:98 ℃预变性1 min;98 ℃变性10 s,50 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,共30个循环;72 ℃终延伸5 min。PCR产物测序由该公司完成,并采用Illumina高通量测序平台进行PE250双端测序[15-16]
利用QIIME 2平台中的扩增子序列去噪算法2 (divisive amplicon denoising algorithm 2, DADA2)插件对原始序列进行质量控制、去噪和ASV识别,并基于SILVA 138数据库完成物种注释;剔除非目标真核微生物序列及低丰度ASV [序列数(reads)<8]后,对ASV表按最小测序深度进行标准化处理,以降低测序深度差异对群落比较的影响[18-19]。随后采用spaa包计算生态位宽度,并在R软件中基于EcolUtils包构建零模型框架(null model framework),进行1 000次随机置换以生成零分布;参照生态位宽度及零分布阈值识别泛化种与特化种的思路,若实际生态位宽度高于零分布95%置信区间上限,则判定为泛化种;若低于下限,则判定为特化种;该方法可用于识别河流水环境异质性背景下环境耐受范围较宽和局地偏好性较强的类群[14,20-22]
采用vegan包计算Shannon指数、Simpson指数、物种丰富度(richness)和Pielou均匀度等α多样性指标。采用adespatial包基于Jaccard距离计算β多样性,并将其分解为周转组分和嵌套组分。结合vegan和geosphere包分析群落Bray-Curtis相似性随地理距离增加的衰减关系,以表征不同季节条件下河流连通性变化及空间隔离对群落更替的影响。采用diversitree包拟合二元状态物种形成与灭绝模型(binary-state speciation and extinction, BiSSE),估算不同生态状态下的物种形成率、灭绝率和状态转换率[23]
采用零模型(null model)量化群落构建中不同生态过程的占比;该框架基于Bray-Curtis的Raup-Crick距离(Bray-Curtis-based Raup-Crick, RCbray)和β最近缘分类单元指数(beta-nearest taxon index, βNTI)区分确定性过程与随机性过程:当βNTI<-2时判定为同质选择主导,当βNTI>2时判定为异质选择主导;当|βNTI|<2时,再结合RCbray区分扩散限制、同质扩散和未主导过程;该方法可从环境选择、扩散和漂变等维度定量识别河流真核微生物群落的构建机制,并用于比较旱季和雨季群落组装方式的差异[24-25]
采用典型相关性分析(canonical correspondence analysis, CCA)和随机森林模型筛选影响真核微生物群落及其亚群组成和α多样性的关键环境因子。共现网络基于Spearman相关分析构建,利用Gephi计算网络拓扑参数、模块结构和节点角色,并结合模块化指数、Zi-Pi节点分类和凝聚力指标评价网络复杂性与稳定性[26-29]。据此比较不同生态策略类群在河流水体网络中的潜在功能差异。
通过基因测序,共获得14 828个高质量ASVs。旱季共检测到10 240个ASVs,其中识别出泛化种146个、特化种933个,分别占当季ASVs总数的1.43%和9.11%,其相对丰度分别为6.29%和73.18%;雨季检出8 737个ASVs,其中泛化种526个、特化种1 420个,分别占当季ASVs总数的6.02%和16.25%,其相对丰度分别为4.45%和77.49%。2季中特化种亚群落在ASVs数量和相对丰度上均高于泛化种亚群落,表明生态位较窄的类群在生境异质性较高的高寒河流中仍保持较高相对丰度和分布优势。
群落组成在2季间呈现明显差异。淡色藻类(Ochrophyta)在旱季和雨季中均为优势类群,其相对丰度分别为31.98%和35.95%;硅藻类(diatoms)次之,相对丰度分别为9.95%和13.17%。泛化种亚群落以丝足虫类(Cercozoa)和淡色藻类(Ochrophyta)为主,而特化种亚群落主要由淡色藻类(Ochrophyta)和硅藻类(diatoms)主导(图1)。这一分类组成差异表明,不同生态位宽度的类群在分类结构上已出现明显分化。结合研究区支流众多、流速差异显著和局地环境异质性较高的地理特征,推测不同类群可能通过对光照条件、营养盐水平及水体扰动等因素的差异响应,形成季节性的分布格局[1-4]
α多样性分析结果表明,真核微生物群落及其各亚群落在旱季与雨季间均存在显著差异。整体群落及各亚群落的Shannon指数和Simpson指数均呈现显著季节性变化(Wilcoxon检验,P<0.01);Richness指数在整体群落及泛化种亚群落中也存在显著差异(P<0.01),且旱季的Richness、Shannon和Simpson指数均值总体高于雨季。系统发育多样性(phylogenetic diversity, PD)指数在整体群落中同样表现出显著季节差异(P<0.01)。雨季多样性下降可能与降雨增加引起的浊度升高、流速增大及水体稳定性降低有关,上述变化可能削弱了部分真核微生物对光照和局地资源的利用效率[13-15]
β多样性分解结果(图2)显示,真核微生物群落及其亚群落的组成差异主要来源于物种周转过程,嵌套成分贡献相对较小。特化种亚群落中物种周转对β多样性的贡献比例高于泛化种亚群落(旱季:0.84 vs. 0.60;雨季:0.76 vs. 0.55,按Repl/β计算),表明特化种在空间上具有更强的物种替代特征。相比之下,泛化种亚群落中嵌套过程所占比例相对较高,提示其更易受到物种增减所引起的丰富度变化的影响。雨季期间嵌套组分整体上升,说明在高流量和高扰动条件下,部分样点可能发生更明显的物种流失与补充;丰水期增强的径流输入与支流连通性未消除局地差异,反而可能通过改变资源输入和栖息地稳定性促进不同类群重新组合[30-32]
BiSSE模型分析结果(图3)表明,无论在旱季还是雨季,特化种亚群落的BiSSE参数估计值均表现出较高的物种形成率、灭绝率和向泛化种的转化速率。旱季和雨季中特化种的物种形成率分别为2.86和1.73,均高于泛化种的相应数值(9.72×10-4和2.01×10-4);其灭绝率在2个季节中也均高于泛化种。特化种向泛化种的转化速率在旱季和雨季分别为8.18和6.25,均高于反向转化速率。本研究中,这些参数主要用于表征不同生态策略类群的相对状态转换趋势,而不对宏观进化速率作直接推断。特化种表现出较快的状态更新特征;雨季各项参数普遍降低,提示丰水期较强的水体混合与连通性可能缓冲局域分化过程。
零模型与距离衰减分析结果(图4)表明,雅鲁藏布江下游流域真核微生物群落及其亚群落的组装总体以随机过程为主。整体群落中,随机过程贡献由旱季的59.54%升至雨季的74.87%。特化种亚群落在2个季节均以随机过程占绝对优势,旱季和雨季分别为96.08%和97.86%;同时,雨季扩散限制作用减弱,未主导过程比例增加。泛化种亚群落在旱季也以随机过程为主(95.19%),但雨季确定性过程贡献上升,其中同质选择增强。距离衰减分析显示,2个季节中各亚群落均存在显著的距离衰减关系,且特化种亚群落的衰减斜率大于泛化种亚群落;同时,旱季距离衰减强度高于雨季,表明雨季较高的水文连通性减弱了空间隔离效应。
CCA分析结果表明(图5),旱季和雨季群落分异均同时受到空间位置因子和水体理化性质的影响,其中纬度、浊度和CODcr等因子的解释作用较强。随机森林结果则表明,不同季节中影响泛化种和特化种亚群落α多样性的关键环境因子并不相同。其中旱季主要受空间、TN和DO影响,雨季则更受TUR、NH3-N、pH和海拔影响。
基于相对丰度和出现频率筛选ASVs后构建共现网络,整体网络结构及模块分化见图6,拓扑特征见图7
旱季整体网络由892个节点和44 387条边组成,平均连接度为68.806;雨季整体网络由663个节点和4 935条边组成,平均连接度为14.887,表明旱季网络整体复杂性和连通性均高于雨季。结果表明,在旱季较稳定的水文条件下,真核微生物之间更可能形成紧密关联;而在雨季,随着流量增加和环境波动增强,部分局域联系被削弱,网络结构相应简化[26,28-29]。按生态位类型着色后,泛化种和特化种在网络中的分布差异更加清晰,且多聚集于不同模块,提示2类群在生态位利用方式及潜在生态功能上存在分化[26,33-34]
模块化结构可反映群落内部不同类群对局地生境或资源条件的适应差异[26]。本研究表明,高寒河流中真核微生物的网络组织不仅与分类组成有关,还受到生态策略分化的影响。泛化种可能更多参与不同模块之间的连接与扩散,特化种则主要与特定局地环境中的稳定关联相关。结果表明,旱季与雨季网络结构差异及泛化种、特化种的模块分化共同反映了水文条件变化和生境异质性对真核微生物潜在互作格局的重要调节作用[30,33-34]
基于Zi-Pi图谱的节点角色分析表明,维持网络结构稳定性的关键类群主要归属于模块枢纽和连接节点,未识别出网络枢纽,相关分布见图8A图8B。不同生态策略类群在关键节点中的组成存在明显差异,其中特化种表现出更高的连接节点比例,且在2个季节中的数量均高于泛化种,说明特化种在模块间连接和网络整体连通性维持中可能具有更重要作用。与此同时,旱季关键类群总数高于雨季,这与旱季网络复杂性和连通性较高的结果一致。关键节点类型及其季节变化进一步表明,不同生态策略类群在网络结构维持中的作用存在分化,且特化种在支撑网络空间组织方面的作用更突出。
凝聚力分析进一步表明,无论旱季还是雨季,从原始网络中移除泛化种或特化种后,总凝聚力均有所下降,说明2个类群均参与维持群落网络的复杂性与稳定性。然而,移除特化种后总凝聚力下降更为明显,且正凝聚力和负凝聚力均同步减弱,表明特化种缺失更易导致网络结构简化(图7、图8C-8F)。在高寒河流生态系统中,特化种不仅参与局地群落更替,也可能在维持模块间连通性和网络整体稳定性方面发挥更重要作用[33-34]
一般认为,泛化种生态位较宽,环境耐受性和扩散能力较强;特化种生态位较窄,更易受局地环境约束[9,16]。本研究发现,在旱季和雨季,特化种的物种数和总相对丰度均高于泛化种,表明在雅鲁藏布江下游流域高寒峡谷河流中,特化类群并未因季节性水文波动而处于边缘地位。已有研究表明,在环境异质性较强的高原湖泊、沉积物及受扰动河流中,特化类群常表现出更明显的局地适应和生境偏好;本研究中,沿程海拔梯度、支流汇入及季节性水文变化可能共同塑造了多样化小生境,为特化种持续占据和更新提供了条件[10,14,16]
β多样性分解结果进一步表明,群落差异主要由物种周转驱动而非嵌套驱动(图2),说明不同样点之间更倾向于发生类群替换,而非简单的物种增减[35]。其中,特化种亚群落的周转组分高于泛化种亚群落,表明其更易随空间环境变化发生替代;泛化种亚群落的嵌套组分相对较高,则提示其更易受到物种丧失或增补的影响[35-36]。该结果与β多样性分解在解释群落构建和生态功能差异中的作用相一致[36],也与雅鲁藏布江中游相关研究揭示的空间替代主导格局相吻合[5]。因此,高寒河流中泛化种与特化种的季节分化,主要体现在强异质环境背景下不同生态策略类群对局地生境的差异性占据及空间替换[5,35-36]
BiSSE模型结果表明,特化种亚群落具有较高的物种形成率、灭绝率和向泛化种的转换速率(图3),说明其在季节转换过程中具有较快的类群更新和状态转换能力。这与高异质性环境中微生物特化类群具有较快状态周转和策略更新倾向的认识一致[10,12,37-38]。需要说明的是,本文所述“物种形成率”和“灭绝率”主要为基于ASV层面的统计参数,用于反映不同生态策略类群的相对状态转换趋势,而非系统发育尺度上的宏观进化速率。因此,上述参数的生态学含义仍需结合更高分辨率的系统发育和功能证据进一步验证。尽管如此,该结果仍表明,特化种并非仅是受限于狭窄生态位的被动类群,其持续生成、淘汰和状态转换可能是维持高寒河流群落动态平衡的重要机制。
零模型分析表明,随机过程是雅鲁藏布江下游流域真核微生物群落组装的主要驱动力。雨季扩散限制减弱,未主导过程增加,说明丰水期增强的水体连通性可能削弱空间阻隔效应。整体群落在雨季表现出更强的随机组装特征,特化种亚群落扩散限制明显减弱;泛化种亚群落中确定性过程贡献升高,其中同质选择增强。类似趋势也见于其他河流及水体研究,即随机过程总体占优,但环境筛选与空间过程的相对贡献会随水文阶段变化而调整;因此,雅鲁藏布江下游流域真核微生物群落组装并非持续受单一机制主导,而是受空间异质性和季节性水文连通变化共同影响,不同生态过程的相对贡献随水文阶段发生动态调整[30-32]
CCA和随机森林分析结果表明,空间位置因子和水体理化性质共同影响真核微生物群落及其亚群落的分布格局(图5)。空间位置因子在2个季节中均表现出较强解释作用,说明地理格局与环境异质性始终参与群落结构塑造。与此同时,TN、TUR和CODcr等环境因子在不同季节对泛化种和特化种的影响存在差异,表明不同生态策略类群对环境变化的响应方式并不一致。已有研究表明,河流系统中的环境异质性可显著影响群落构建;在青藏高原溪流生物膜和雅鲁藏布江中游真核微生物研究中,pH、水温、电导率及营养盐等因子也被证实与群落变异密切相关;结合本研究结果,雅鲁藏布江下游流域真核微生物的生态位分化主要体现在地理格局与环境梯度共同作用下的空间-环境联合控制,而非单一因子持续主导[5,30,32,39-40]
共现网络分析结果表明,旱季网络较雨季更复杂、连通性更高(图6图7),表明在相对稳定的水文条件下,真核微生物之间可形成更紧密的潜在关联。雨季网络整体连接度下降,但正相关边比例较高,提示群落在外界扰动增强时可能更依赖协同关系维持稳定[26,29,34]。不同季节网络均表现出较明显的模块化特征,提示群落内部存在小生境分化[26]。进一步分析显示,特化种比泛化种对网络稳定性的贡献更高:特化种更多表现为连接节点,移除后网络复杂性和凝聚力下降更明显,说明其在维持模块间连接和增强网络韧性方面具有重要作用。已有研究也表明,泛化种和特化种不仅在组装机制上存在差异,在网络中的功能角色也不同;特化种通常表现出更强的确定性约束,并对共现网络稳定性具有更高贡献;因此特化种可被视为高寒河流网络中的重要结构支撑类群[33-34]。然而,实际功能意义仍需结合功能组学和实验生态学证据进一步验证。
本研究从零模型、BiSSE参数估计和网络分析等角度讨论了高寒河流真核微生物群落的季节动态,但仍存在一些局限。首先,旱季与雨季2次采样能够反映季节差异,但不足以全面揭示年际波动及极端水文事件的影响。其次,基于18S rRNA基因扩增子测序的数据更适用于解析群落组成结构,对功能潜力、实际互作关系和生活史策略的揭示仍有限。再次,BiSSE模型和网络分析结果本质上仍属于统计推断,其生态学意义尚需结合系统发育分析、功能组学和控制实验进一步验证。未来可结合长期连续监测、宏基因组或转录组分析及实验生态学方法,进一步评估高寒河流中泛化种与特化种的动态平衡及其生态功能。
本研究以雅鲁藏布江下游流域为对象,系统分析了真核微生物群落中泛化种与特化种亚群落在季节更替过程中的组装机制、环境响应、种间互作及状态转换特征。结果表明,随机过程总体主导该区域真核微生物群落组装,但不同生态策略类群的相对贡献存在明显差异:由旱季向雨季过渡时,特化种扩散限制减弱、未主导过程增加,而泛化种中确定性过程贡献上升并表现出更强的同质选择。空间位置因子以及TUR和CODcr等水环境变量是驱动群落分异和生态位分化的重要因素。共现网络分析进一步表明,泛化种和特化种均参与维持网络复杂性与稳定性,但特化种在模块间连接和潜在生态韧性维持中的作用更突出。雅鲁藏布江下游流域真核微生物生态策略类群的季节分化受空间异质性、水文连通性和环境筛选共同调控,该研究为认识高寒河流真核微生物多样性维持机制提供了新的证据。
  • 西藏自治区科技计划(XZ202501ZY0018)
  • 西藏自治区科技计划(XZ202501JD0016)
  • 微生物改造技术全国重点实验室开放课题(M2024-01)
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2026年第66卷第6期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260179
  • 接收时间:2026-03-05
  • 首发时间:2026-06-17
  • 出版时间:2026-06-04
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  • 收稿日期:2026-03-05
  • 录用日期:2026-04-15
基金
the Science and Technology Program of the Xizang Autonomous Region(XZ202501ZY0018)
西藏自治区科技计划(XZ202501ZY0018)
the Science and Technology Program of the Xizang Autonomous Region(XZ202501JD0016)
西藏自治区科技计划(XZ202501JD0016)
the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology the Open Project(M2024-01)
微生物改造技术全国重点实验室开放课题(M2024-01)
作者信息
    1.西藏大学 生态环境学院,青藏高原湿地与流域生态系统实验室,西藏 拉萨
    2.西藏大学 生态环境学院,那曲麦地卡高寒湿地生态系统自治区野外科学观测研究站,西藏 拉萨
    3.山东大学 微生物技术研究院,微生物改造技术全国重点实验室,山东 青岛
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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