Article(id=1274057610903970014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20251015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1767110400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1770566400000, acceptedDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineDate=1781688605284, onlineDateStr=2026-06-17, pubDate=1780502400000, pubDateStr=2026-06-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781688605284, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781688605284, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781688605284, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1274057338156769818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='6', pageStart='2561', pageEnd='3114', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781688540257, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781688602467, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1274057599193486082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1274057599193486083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2924, endPage=2943, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1274057611319206112, articleId=1274057610903970014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Archaea diversity and influencing factors in sedimentary soils of Yuncheng Salt Lake, Shanxi Province, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Yuncheng Salt Lake located in the southwest of Shanxi Province is one of the three major sodium sulfate inland salt lakes in the world, harboring rich microbial resources, while there is still a lack of systematic research on the archaeal diversity in this salt lake. Objective To explore the diversity of archaea in soil sediments of Yuncheng Salt Lake and analyze the influences of environmental factors on the diversity. Methods Soil physical and chemical analysis was carried out on 54 samples from 18 sampling sites in Yuncheng Salt Lake, and the effects of environmental factors on the archaeal diversity were analyzed by amplicon high-throughput sequencing. Results Amplicon analysis showed that Halobacteriota, Thermoproteota, Nanobdellota, Thermoplasmatota, and Asgardarchaeota were the main taxa. Among them, Halobacteriota and Thermoproteota were the dominant groups of archaea in the soil sediments of Yuncheng Salt Lake. The analysis of diversity and community composition showed that there were obvious differences in archaeal communities among different sampling sites. Redundancy analysis showed that total nitrogen, total carbon, ammonium nitrogen, and SO42- had the greatest effect on the archaeal diversity in soil sediments, followed by nitrate nitrogen, Cl-, Mg2+, and Na+, while Ca2+, total phosphorus, and total potassium had mild effects. Conclusion The archaeal community in soil sediments of Yuncheng Salt Lake has high diversity and is closely related to environmental factors. This study enriches the biological information of archaeal resources in soil sediments of Yuncheng Salt Lake and provides a theoretical basis for the mining and research of archaeal resources in salt lakes.

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运城盐湖位于山西省西南部,是世界三大硫酸钠型内陆盐湖之一,蕴藏着丰富的微生物资源,然而目前针对该盐湖古菌群落多样性的系统性研究仍较为匮乏。 目的 探究运城盐湖土壤沉积物中古菌的多样性,并分析环境因子对其多样性的影响。 方法 对运城盐湖18个采样点的54个样品进行土壤理化分析,结合扩增子高通量测序技术,分析环境因子对古菌群落多样性的影响。 结果 扩增子分析表明,盐杆菌门(Halobacteriota)、热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)、蛭微菌门(Nanobdellota)、热原体门(Thermoplasmatota)和阿斯加德古菌门(Asgardarchaeota)为主要类群,其中盐杆菌门(Halobacteriota)和热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)是运城盐湖土壤沉积物中古菌的优势类群。α和β多样性分析及群落组成分析显示,不同采样点间的古菌群落存在明显差异。冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)表明总氮(total nitrogen, TN)、总碳(total carbon, TC)、铵态氮(ammonium nitrogen, NH4+-N)和SO42-对土壤沉积物微生物中古菌群落多样性的影响最大;其次为硝态氮(nitrate nitrogen, NO3--N)、Cl-、Mg2+和Na+;Ca2+、总磷(total phosphorus, TP)和总钾(total potassium, TK)的影响较小。 结论 运城盐湖土壤沉积物古菌群落拥有较高的多样性,且与环境因子密切相关。本研究补充了运城盐湖土壤沉积物中古菌资源的生物信息,为盐湖古菌资源的挖掘和研究提供了理论依据。

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作者贡献声明

魏嘉倓:数据收集及分析、论文撰写和修改;郭欣:样品采集、测序、数据收集;杨艳艳:样品采集、数据分析;王传旭:参与论文讨论、提供技术支持;王卓:参与论文讨论、论文审阅;杨静:参与论文讨论、论文修改;郭浩然:参与论文修改;李新:研究构思和论文修改。

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A: ACE index; B: Chao1 index; C: Shannon index; D: Simpson index., figureFileSmall=rsVKqmxyHU2S54ePGtCm7A==, figureFileBig=uCtmpHlV/2ga8Yb44jFA4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088033918898762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057610903970014, language=CN, label=图1, caption=运城盐湖土壤样品古菌群落α多样性指数, figureFileSmall=rsVKqmxyHU2S54ePGtCm7A==, figureFileBig=uCtmpHlV/2ga8Yb44jFA4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088034267025995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057610903970014, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Analysis of soil archaeal community beta diversity on the Yuncheng Salt Lake. 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Sampling information for sediment samples from Yuncheng Salt Lake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleSample descriptionpHGPS coordinates
LSS1Murky yellow-green lake water8.635.031 651′′N, 111.084 832′′E
LSS2Murky yellow lake water8.235.036 104′′N, 111.081 441′′E
LSS3Green lake water7.935.001 974′′N, 111.005 754′′E
LSS4Red lake water8.035.037 291′′N, 111.073 667′′E
LSS5Green lake water8.935.031 662′′N, 111.084 901′′E
LSS6Yellow-green lake water8.435.006 370′′N, 111.074 289′′E
MSS1Yellow-green lake water8.134.993 174′′N, 111.013 127′′E
MSS2Chestnut brown lake water8.535.006 201′′N, 111.074 867′′E
MSS3Gray lake water7.834.987 443′′N, 110.979 228′′E
MSS4Turquoise lake water8.334.972 730′′N, 110.965 080′′E
MSS5Yellow-green lake water8.535.005 952′′N, 111.074 662′′E
MSS6Turquoise lake water9.135.022 238′′N, 111.090 701′′E
HSS1Orange-yellow lake water8.135.015 910′′N, 111.034 917′′E
HSS2Shallow red lake water8.235.039 694′′N, 111.077 959′′E
HSS3Red lake water8.135.023 947′′N, 111.021 467′′E
HSS4Murky gray-green lake water7.935.028 068′′N, 111.087 033′′E
HSS5Red lake water8.234.970 356′′N, 110.949 523′′E
HSS6Pink lake water8.734.999 572′′N, 111.004 511′′E
), ArticleFig(id=1274088036750053974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057610903970014, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

运城盐湖土壤沉积物样品采集信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleSample descriptionpHGPS coordinates
LSS1Murky yellow-green lake water8.635.031 651′′N, 111.084 832′′E
LSS2Murky yellow lake water8.235.036 104′′N, 111.081 441′′E
LSS3Green lake water7.935.001 974′′N, 111.005 754′′E
LSS4Red lake water8.035.037 291′′N, 111.073 667′′E
LSS5Green lake water8.935.031 662′′N, 111.084 901′′E
LSS6Yellow-green lake water8.435.006 370′′N, 111.074 289′′E
MSS1Yellow-green lake water8.134.993 174′′N, 111.013 127′′E
MSS2Chestnut brown lake water8.535.006 201′′N, 111.074 867′′E
MSS3Gray lake water7.834.987 443′′N, 110.979 228′′E
MSS4Turquoise lake water8.334.972 730′′N, 110.965 080′′E
MSS5Yellow-green lake water8.535.005 952′′N, 111.074 662′′E
MSS6Turquoise lake water9.135.022 238′′N, 111.090 701′′E
HSS1Orange-yellow lake water8.135.015 910′′N, 111.034 917′′E
HSS2Shallow red lake water8.235.039 694′′N, 111.077 959′′E
HSS3Red lake water8.135.023 947′′N, 111.021 467′′E
HSS4Murky gray-green lake water7.935.028 068′′N, 111.087 033′′E
HSS5Red lake water8.234.970 356′′N, 110.949 523′′E
HSS6Pink lake water8.734.999 572′′N, 111.004 511′′E
), ArticleFig(id=1274088036825551447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057610903970014, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physicochemical composition of soil samples from Yuncheng Salt Lake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleTCCa2+Mg2+TNTPTKCO32-Cl-SO42-Na+NH4+-NNO3--NTSS
LSS112.26±0.5220.12±0.7210.72±0.701.17±0.650.85±0.124.76±0.60ND8.05±0.7413.80±0.7410.77±0.760.049±0.0140.021±0.0070.097 7±0.006 4
LSS214.55±0.6821.87±0.769.77±0.692.77±0.730.91±0.123.44±0.21ND7.77±0.657.95±0.698.22±0.500.039±0.0080.016±0.0040.094 1±0.005 1
LSS327.52±0.7716.77±0.537.85±0.563.94±0.710.92±0.135.00±0.56ND5.62±0.7014.56±0.7611.01±0.680.086±0.0130.008±0.0050.093 1±0.006 3
LSS49.30±0.7920.47±0.746.22±0.583.10±0.670.81±0.102.82±0.42ND9.42±0.607.68±0.6314.77±0.600.040±0.0100.015±0.0050.092 6±0.005 9
LSS512.91±0.7718.16±0.739.09±0.624.40±0.590.89±0.114.09±0.52ND4.20±0.639.85±0.6610.05±0.710.038±0.0070.005±0.0030.082 7±0.004 1
LSS615.07±0.7514.23±0.688.95±0.611.57±0.600.92±0.122.90±0.49ND4.13±0.5810.68±0.6110.98±0.630.029±0.0070.018±0.0050.072 6±0.004 4
MSS130.66±0.7435.07±0.7117.23±0.643.19±0.771.03±0.255.55±0.45ND8.25±0.6420.14±0.6815.64±0.670.051±0.0110.007±0.0040.130 7±0.003 9
MSS226.74±0.7925.84±0.7513.92±0.733.45±0.720.87±0.115.15±0.57ND13.81±0.7212.77±0.6618.34±0.620.055±0.0110.015±0.0050.123 9±0.006 9
MSS316.31±0.7229.50±0.6511.69±0.651.32±0.570.82±0.104.22±0.60ND7.56±0.6421.06±0.6512.30±0.660.076±0.0140.008±0.0030.119 3±0.007 0
MSS421.67±0.8337.77±0.6413.16±0.706.52±0.720.87±0.114.66±0.65ND2.79±0.699.83±0.6612.26±0.670.042±0.0090.008±0.0030.115 7±0.006 7
MSS518.05±0.8124.22±0.678.00±0.705.20±0.700.94±0.153.69±0.66ND10.60±0.718.92±0.7016.40±0.700.060±0.0120.012±0.0050.103 6±0.007 6
MSS622.94±0.7029.40±0.569.45±0.652.87±0.650.86±0.105.22±0.65ND1.05±0.6813.46±0.6511.39±0.640.044±0.0090.015±0.0500.100 6±0.007 0
HSS113.12±0.7336.02±0.6812.30±0.682.74±0.700.91±0.123.90±0.67ND34.28±0.7132.24±0.7226.17±0.670.038±0.0080.007±0.0040.237 7±0.007 4
HSS217.65±0.7020.85±0.6616.12±0.662.04±0.670.87±0.123.38±0.64ND58.36±0.7055.37±0.6724.60±0.640.081±0.0290.017±0.0090.214 5±0.007 6
HSS314.52±0.6943.07±0.6712.06±0.643.63±0.670.94±0.243.21±0.68ND23.30±0.6525.35±0.6619.49±0.650.039±0.0100.007±0.0040.170 4±0.007 5
HSS49.47±0.6720.24±0.689.05±0.663.15±0.670.95±0.223.56±0.63ND27.20±0.6831.78±0.6717.78±0.640.036±0.0100.012±0.0050.163 1±0.007 4
HSS535.36±0.7244.39±0.6612.20±0.665.57±0.660.89±0.124.39±0.65ND4.79±0.6814.26±0.6512.90±0.640.086±0.0300.011±0.0030.156 7±0.007 4
HSS619.50±0.6839.27±0.6413.05±0.641.35±0.650.89±0.314.40±0.68ND1.39±0.668.27±0.6722.56±0.670.039±0.0100.007±0.0040.153 7±0.007 4
), ArticleFig(id=1274088036909437528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057610903970014, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

运城盐湖土壤样品理化因子组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleTCCa2+Mg2+TNTPTKCO32-Cl-SO42-Na+NH4+-NNO3--NTSS
LSS112.26±0.5220.12±0.7210.72±0.701.17±0.650.85±0.124.76±0.60ND8.05±0.7413.80±0.7410.77±0.760.049±0.0140.021±0.0070.097 7±0.006 4
LSS214.55±0.6821.87±0.769.77±0.692.77±0.730.91±0.123.44±0.21ND7.77±0.657.95±0.698.22±0.500.039±0.0080.016±0.0040.094 1±0.005 1
LSS327.52±0.7716.77±0.537.85±0.563.94±0.710.92±0.135.00±0.56ND5.62±0.7014.56±0.7611.01±0.680.086±0.0130.008±0.0050.093 1±0.006 3
LSS49.30±0.7920.47±0.746.22±0.583.10±0.670.81±0.102.82±0.42ND9.42±0.607.68±0.6314.77±0.600.040±0.0100.015±0.0050.092 6±0.005 9
LSS512.91±0.7718.16±0.739.09±0.624.40±0.590.89±0.114.09±0.52ND4.20±0.639.85±0.6610.05±0.710.038±0.0070.005±0.0030.082 7±0.004 1
LSS615.07±0.7514.23±0.688.95±0.611.57±0.600.92±0.122.90±0.49ND4.13±0.5810.68±0.6110.98±0.630.029±0.0070.018±0.0050.072 6±0.004 4
MSS130.66±0.7435.07±0.7117.23±0.643.19±0.771.03±0.255.55±0.45ND8.25±0.6420.14±0.6815.64±0.670.051±0.0110.007±0.0040.130 7±0.003 9
MSS226.74±0.7925.84±0.7513.92±0.733.45±0.720.87±0.115.15±0.57ND13.81±0.7212.77±0.6618.34±0.620.055±0.0110.015±0.0050.123 9±0.006 9
MSS316.31±0.7229.50±0.6511.69±0.651.32±0.570.82±0.104.22±0.60ND7.56±0.6421.06±0.6512.30±0.660.076±0.0140.008±0.0030.119 3±0.007 0
MSS421.67±0.8337.77±0.6413.16±0.706.52±0.720.87±0.114.66±0.65ND2.79±0.699.83±0.6612.26±0.670.042±0.0090.008±0.0030.115 7±0.006 7
MSS518.05±0.8124.22±0.678.00±0.705.20±0.700.94±0.153.69±0.66ND10.60±0.718.92±0.7016.40±0.700.060±0.0120.012±0.0050.103 6±0.007 6
MSS622.94±0.7029.40±0.569.45±0.652.87±0.650.86±0.105.22±0.65ND1.05±0.6813.46±0.6511.39±0.640.044±0.0090.015±0.0500.100 6±0.007 0
HSS113.12±0.7336.02±0.6812.30±0.682.74±0.700.91±0.123.90±0.67ND34.28±0.7132.24±0.7226.17±0.670.038±0.0080.007±0.0040.237 7±0.007 4
HSS217.65±0.7020.85±0.6616.12±0.662.04±0.670.87±0.123.38±0.64ND58.36±0.7055.37±0.6724.60±0.640.081±0.0290.017±0.0090.214 5±0.007 6
HSS314.52±0.6943.07±0.6712.06±0.643.63±0.670.94±0.243.21±0.68ND23.30±0.6525.35±0.6619.49±0.650.039±0.0100.007±0.0040.170 4±0.007 5
HSS49.47±0.6720.24±0.689.05±0.663.15±0.670.95±0.223.56±0.63ND27.20±0.6831.78±0.6717.78±0.640.036±0.0100.012±0.0050.163 1±0.007 4
HSS535.36±0.7244.39±0.6612.20±0.665.57±0.660.89±0.124.39±0.65ND4.79±0.6814.26±0.6512.90±0.640.086±0.0300.011±0.0030.156 7±0.007 4
HSS619.50±0.6839.27±0.6413.05±0.641.35±0.650.89±0.314.40±0.68ND1.39±0.668.27±0.6722.56±0.670.039±0.0100.007±0.0040.153 7±0.007 4
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山西运城盐湖土壤沉积物中古菌多样性及影响因素分析
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魏嘉倓 1 , 郭欣 1 , 杨艳艳 1 , 王传旭 2 , 王卓 2 , 杨静 2 , 郭浩然 4 , 李新 1, 3
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(6): 2924-2943
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026, 66(6): 2924-2943
山西运城盐湖土壤沉积物中古菌多样性及影响因素分析
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魏嘉倓1, 郭欣1, 杨艳艳1, 王传旭2, 王卓2, 杨静2, 郭浩然4, 李新1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.山西农业大学 食品科学与工程学院,山西 太谷
  • 2.运城学院 生命科学系,运城盐湖生态保护与资源利用厅市共建山西省重点实验室,山西 运城
  • 3.忻州师范学院 生命科学系,山西 忻州
  • 4.中国地质大学,生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,湖北 武汉
Archaea diversity and influencing factors in sedimentary soils of Yuncheng Salt Lake, Shanxi Province
Jiatan WEI1, Xin GUO1, Yanyan YANG1, Chuanxu WANG2, Zhuo WANG2, Jing YANG2, Haoran GUO4, Xin LI1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
  • 2.Shanxi Key Laboratory of Yuncheng Salt Lake Ecological Protection and Resource Utilization, Life Sciences Department, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China
  • 3.Life Sciences Department, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China
  • 4.State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
出版时间: 2026-06-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20251015
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运城盐湖位于山西省西南部,是世界三大硫酸钠型内陆盐湖之一,蕴藏着丰富的微生物资源,然而目前针对该盐湖古菌群落多样性的系统性研究仍较为匮乏。 目的 探究运城盐湖土壤沉积物中古菌的多样性,并分析环境因子对其多样性的影响。 方法 对运城盐湖18个采样点的54个样品进行土壤理化分析,结合扩增子高通量测序技术,分析环境因子对古菌群落多样性的影响。 结果 扩增子分析表明,盐杆菌门(Halobacteriota)、热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)、蛭微菌门(Nanobdellota)、热原体门(Thermoplasmatota)和阿斯加德古菌门(Asgardarchaeota)为主要类群,其中盐杆菌门(Halobacteriota)和热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)是运城盐湖土壤沉积物中古菌的优势类群。α和β多样性分析及群落组成分析显示,不同采样点间的古菌群落存在明显差异。冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)表明总氮(total nitrogen, TN)、总碳(total carbon, TC)、铵态氮(ammonium nitrogen, NH4+-N)和SO42-对土壤沉积物微生物中古菌群落多样性的影响最大;其次为硝态氮(nitrate nitrogen, NO3--N)、Cl-、Mg2+和Na+;Ca2+、总磷(total phosphorus, TP)和总钾(total potassium, TK)的影响较小。 结论 运城盐湖土壤沉积物古菌群落拥有较高的多样性,且与环境因子密切相关。本研究补充了运城盐湖土壤沉积物中古菌资源的生物信息,为盐湖古菌资源的挖掘和研究提供了理论依据。

运城盐湖  /  土壤沉积物  /  高通量测序  /  群落组成  /  古菌多样性

Yuncheng Salt Lake located in the southwest of Shanxi Province is one of the three major sodium sulfate inland salt lakes in the world, harboring rich microbial resources, while there is still a lack of systematic research on the archaeal diversity in this salt lake. Objective To explore the diversity of archaea in soil sediments of Yuncheng Salt Lake and analyze the influences of environmental factors on the diversity. Methods Soil physical and chemical analysis was carried out on 54 samples from 18 sampling sites in Yuncheng Salt Lake, and the effects of environmental factors on the archaeal diversity were analyzed by amplicon high-throughput sequencing. Results Amplicon analysis showed that Halobacteriota, Thermoproteota, Nanobdellota, Thermoplasmatota, and Asgardarchaeota were the main taxa. Among them, Halobacteriota and Thermoproteota were the dominant groups of archaea in the soil sediments of Yuncheng Salt Lake. The analysis of diversity and community composition showed that there were obvious differences in archaeal communities among different sampling sites. Redundancy analysis showed that total nitrogen, total carbon, ammonium nitrogen, and SO42- had the greatest effect on the archaeal diversity in soil sediments, followed by nitrate nitrogen, Cl-, Mg2+, and Na+, while Ca2+, total phosphorus, and total potassium had mild effects. Conclusion The archaeal community in soil sediments of Yuncheng Salt Lake has high diversity and is closely related to environmental factors. This study enriches the biological information of archaeal resources in soil sediments of Yuncheng Salt Lake and provides a theoretical basis for the mining and research of archaeal resources in salt lakes.

Yuncheng Salt Lake  /  soil sediments  /  high-throughput sequencing  /  community composition  /  archaeal diversity
魏嘉倓, 郭欣, 杨艳艳, 王传旭, 王卓, 杨静, 郭浩然, 李新. 山西运城盐湖土壤沉积物中古菌多样性及影响因素分析. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (6) : 2924 -2943 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20251015
Jiatan WEI, Xin GUO, Yanyan YANG, Chuanxu WANG, Zhuo WANG, Jing YANG, Haoran GUO, Xin LI. Archaea diversity and influencing factors in sedimentary soils of Yuncheng Salt Lake, Shanxi Province[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (6) : 2924 -2943 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20251015
极端微生物是指能够在高盐、高温、高压、高碱或者高辐射等极端环境中正常生长的微生物[1],在极端微生物类群中古菌占据着核心地位,其在进化地位上具有独特性,是极端环境中最具代表性的优势类群,尤其在生态功能层面展现出不可替代的价值。古菌能够深度参与极端环境中的物质循环与能量流动,同时可通过自身代谢活动调节极端生境的理化性质,维系极端生态系统的稳定性与平衡。盐湖作为典型的高盐极端生境,蕴含着丰富且独特的古菌种群[2]
我国地域广阔,盐湖数量众多。已有研究表明,不同盐湖由于地理位置、气候特征、盐度等方面存在差异,古菌种群多样性也存在明显不同。2001年,Xu等[3]从内蒙古察汗瑙苏打湖和另一未命名的苏打湖沉积物中分别发现并命名了无色需碱菌属(Natrialba)的2个新种:呼伦贝尔无色需碱菌(N. hulunbeirensis)和碱湖无色需碱菌(N. chahannaoensis)。2007年,崔恒林[4]从新疆两盐湖共分离纯化获得112株古菌菌株,并从中发现了7个新种,同时对它们的分类学地位进行了描述。2010年张现辉等[5]、2003年范华鹏等[6]利用免培养技术对西藏扎布耶盐湖微生物多样性进行分析,结果表明该盐湖中存在大量的微生物和古菌资源。罗明等[7]对新疆高盐地区中可培养嗜盐微生物的多样性进行了研究,发现在新疆罗布泊地区盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)是其优势属。2018年,李杨[8]对茶卡盐湖嗜盐古菌多样性进行研究,并分离纯化出148株嗜盐古菌菌株,其分别属于8个属,还鉴定出盐棒杆菌属(Halobaculum)中的1个新种。国内盐湖研究多集中于新疆、西藏、青海、内蒙古等地的多个盐湖,对于我国中部地区的盐湖研究尚未形成体系。
运城盐湖位于山西省西南部,总面积约132 km2,最深处约6 m,是世界三大硫酸钠型内陆盐湖之一[9],属于典型的高盐环境。运城盐湖约有0.5亿年历史,在此期间,含盐类的矿物质不断沉淀、蒸发聚集在这里,最终形成了今天所见到的盐湖[10]。运城盐湖作为我国中部的一个典型的极端环境生态系统,其古菌资源尚未得到深入和系统的研究。目前,该盐湖微生物多样性的研究仅有少量报道。例如,Guo等[11]于2024年从运城盐湖沉积物中分离出一株革兰氏阴性细菌菌株YC-2023-2T,结合表型、系统发育和化学分类学特征,该菌株被鉴定为科迪蒙氏菌科(Kordiimonadaceae)的一个新属新种。Yu等[12]在2025年从运城盐湖沉积物中分离出3株革兰氏阴性细菌,属假海源菌属(Pseudidiomarina)结合表型、化学分类学特征分析,这3株菌被鉴定为Pseudidiomarina属的新种。Qiu等[13]于2013年从运城盐湖中分离出2株古菌新种盐红菌属(Halorubrum)的Halorubrum rubrum YC87T和YCA11。Xu等[14]从运城盐湖中分离菌株红色盐红色菌YC25T,对其进行了表型测定、化学分类学表征及系统发育和基因组分析,确定其为盐红色菌属(Halorussus)的一个新物种。然而,对于运城盐湖土壤沉积物古菌多样性及群落结构鲜有报道。
作为山西省最大的内陆湖泊,运城盐湖是维系当地生态平衡的重要水体和天然屏障。由于长期生态性缺水,运城盐湖已经开始出现日渐萎缩的趋势,这将会对其中的生物种群造成严重破坏[15]。因此,加快对运城盐湖中的微生物资源挖掘、保存和研究已非常迫切。本研究通过对运城盐湖不同地点土壤沉积物样品中的古菌进行扩增子高通量测序,结合土壤理化因子数据,综合分析运城盐湖土壤沉积物古菌的群落结构和影响因素,以期为开展运城盐湖古菌资源的开发、分离培养以及生态环境管理提供理论基础与参考依据。
本研究于2024年11月在山西省运城市运城盐湖使用抓斗取样器采集样品(表1),每个采样点各采集3个生物学重复,将每份土样分为两部分:一部分样品风干,过0.25 mm孔径网筛后,用于分析土壤理化性质;另一部分保存于-80 ℃冰箱,用于土壤基因组的提取。
土壤pH采用酸度计测定,以去除CO2的纯水为浸提剂,水土比为2.5:1[16];水溶性盐总量(total soluble salts, TSS)采用重量法测定[17];总氮(total nitrogen, TN)采用半微量凯氏定氮法测定;总碳(total carbon, TC)使用元素分析仪[18]进行测定;K+、Na+采用火焰光度法进行测定;Ca2+、Mg2+采用ICP-MS法进行测定;总磷(total phosphorus, TP)采用钼锑抗比色法测定;CO32-采用双指示剂-中和滴定法进行测定;Cl-采用硝酸银滴定法进行测定;SO42-采用硫酸钡比重法进行测定;硝态氮(nitrate nitrogen, NO3--N)和铵态氮(ammonium nitrogen, NH4+-N)采用过硫酸钾氧化-紫外分光光度法进行测定;总钾(total potassium, TK)采用火焰光度法[19]测定。
使用强力土壤DNA提取试剂盒(MOBIO实验室),从运城盐湖土壤沉积物样品中提取基因组DNA。用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测提取DNA的质量,并用分光光度法检测DNA的纯度和浓度。用正向引物519F (5′-CAGCCGCCGCGGTA A-3′)和反向引物915R (5′-GTGCTCCCCCGCCA ATTCCT-3′)扩增古菌16S rRNA基因的V4-V5高变区[20]。PCR反应体系(50 μL):DNA模板50 ng,正、反向引物(10 μmol/L)各1 μL,2×Premix Taq 25 μL,ddH2O补足至50 μL。PCR反应条件:94 ℃ 5 min;94 ℃ 30 s,52 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s,30次循环;72 ℃ 10 min。扩增产物使用E.Z.N.A.®琼脂糖凝胶回收试剂盒(Omega Bio-Tek公司)进行纯化,主带长度在400-450 bp的样品可用于进一步实验,并在Illumina NovaSeq 6000上对扩增子文库进行测序(2×250 bp)。
测序平台下机的数据经过滤、拼接和质量过滤后,得到有效序列用于后续分析。首先,通过DADA2[21]输出操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU),使用USEARCH 10的uparse算法将高质量测序标签(clean tags)聚类成OTUs得到每个聚类(cluster)的序列,并分别随机赋予一个编号(OTU ID)。基于QIIME 2[22]中的朴素贝叶斯分类器,使用SILVA数据库[23]比对获得物种注释信息,置信度阈值为70%。α多样性和β多样性分别通过usearch-alpha_div和R软件计算和显示。线性判别分析效应大小(linear discriminant analysis effect size, LEfSe)分析使用MGCloud (http://tools.magigene.com)进行,线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis, LDA)的筛选值为1.73。将测得的土壤理化数据与样品的古菌多样性进行冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)。测序原始数据已上传NCBI SRA数据库(登录号为SRR36577350-SRR36577297)。
盐湖土壤沉积物离子成分结果如表1表2所示。LSS1-HSS6的pH在7.9-9.1范围内,其中LSS3和HSS4的pH最低,MSS6的pH最高;HSS1的含盐量最高,为0.237 7 g/kg,LSS6的含盐量最低,为0.072 6 g/kg,其余样品含盐量在0.214 5-0.082 7 g/kg之间。TC含量最高的是HSS5,为35.36 g/kg,显著高于LSS4 (9.30 g/kg);LSS1-HSS6的TP含量无显著差异,范围在0.81-1.03 g/kg;LSS3的NH4+-N含量最高,为0.086 g/kg,LSS6的含量最低,为0.029 g/kg;NO3--N含量无显著差异,LSS1的NO3--N含量最高,为0.021 g/kg,HSS1和HSS3的NO3--N含量最低,为0.007 g/kg;MSS4的TN含量最高,达6.52 g/kg,LSS1的TN含量最低,为1.17 g/kg。在4种阳离子中,HSS5的Ca2+含量最高,为44.39 g/kg;Mg2+含量最高的是MSS1,为17.23 g/kg;TK含量无显著差异,范围在2.82-5.55 g/kg,HSS1的Na+含量最高。阴离子中,HSS2的Cl-、SO42-含量最高,分别为58.36 g/kg、55.37 g/kg;HSS6的Cl-含量最低,为1.39 g/kg;LSS4的SO42-含量最低,为7.68 g/kg,但所有样品均未检测出CO32-
通过扩增子高通量测序,对运城盐湖18个土壤沉积物样品(LSS1-HSS6)的古菌群落结构进行分析。基于Illumina NovaSeq 6000测序平台,采用双末端测序(paired-end)的方法构建小片段文库。54个样品共获得4 737 381对序列(reads),双端reads经质控、拼接后共产生4 726 580条高质量reads,每个样品至少产生83 519条reads,平均产生87 529条reads。
运城盐湖土壤沉积物古菌α多样性指数如图1所示。在18组样品的ACE、Chao1、Simpson、Shannon指数中,MSS6的ACE指数和Chao1指数最大值分别为2 638.09和2 235.1,MSS1的ACE指数最小值为93.99,LSS1的Chao1指数最小值为82.3。LSS2、HSS1、HSS2、HSS4无显著性差异,ACE指数和Chao1指数表明其真实物种数已接近测到的物种数,MSS4和MSS6微生物种类丰富度最高。Shannon指数和Simpson指数显示,MSS5的Shannon指数最高,为8.13,Simpson指数最低,为0.007,表明MSS5群落更加丰富均匀;MSS1的Shannon指数最低,为3.93,Simpson指数最高,为0.168,表明MSS1群落由少数物种主导,系统单一。为了解各样品之间古菌群落组成的相似性和差异性,本研究进一步对18组样品古菌进行了β多样性分析。主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)如图2所示,LSS组主要聚集在PC1左侧,且PC2集中在0附近,表明其样品内部β多样性差异较小。MSS组分布较分散,MSS6在PC1中间区域形成相对独立的聚类,MSS3与LSS1、LSS2、HSS1、HSS2和HSS4有重叠,表明这几组样品存在一定的相似性。HSS6、HSS3、MSS2和LSS5位于PC1右侧,且PC2值偏低,与其余几组样品分布区域几乎无重叠,说明这几组样品与其余几组样品β多样性差异较大。
本研究对前期获得的21 789个OTUs所对应的序列进行分类学统计得出,18组样品的微生物主要分布在14门27纲37目51科102属。LSS1-HSS6与门水平丰度前10 (top 10)的物种组成关系如图3所示,热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)、盐杆菌门(Halobacteriota)和蛭微菌门(Nanobdellota)为18组样品在门水平上的优势类群,相对占比分别为42%、27%和20%。未分类的古菌、热原体门(Thermoplasmatota)和阿斯加德古菌门(Asgardarchaeota)分别占比2%、7%和2%。
图4A所示,从各样品门水平群落相对丰度组成可以看出,各古菌门在不同样品的相对丰度存在显著差异,在LSS5、LSS6、MSS2、HSS3和HSS6样品中,盐杆菌门(Halobacteriota)在该环境中占据主导地位。热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)在MSS1中相对丰度最高(88.45%),而在LSS5中占比最低(1.14%)。蛭微菌门(Nanobdellota)在LSS3 (37.32%)、LSS4 (27.30%)、MSS4 (41.52%)、MSS5 (44.54%)、MSS6 (44.20%)和HSS5 (41.91%)样品中表现出较高的丰富度。热原体门(Thermoplasmatota)主要在LSS4 (49.27%)、LSS6 (9.29%)和HSS5 (16.40%)等样品中存在明显占比,其余样品占比无显著差异。阿斯加德古菌门(Asgardarchaeota)和未分类古菌仅在样品中占据较低比例,others的占比整体也较低。
在属水平的微生物组成分析中(图4B),18组样品展现出明显的差异。海盐脱硫古菌属(Halodesulfurarchaeum)在HSS3样品中占据主导地位,相对占比达23.67%,而在HSS4样品中几乎未检测到。厌氧嗜盐古菌属(Halanaeroarchaeum)为HSS6中的主导类群,相对占比达到20.75%,而在除HSS6、HSS3和LSS5之外的样品中几乎未检测到(<0.02%)。盐红菌属(Halorubrum)在MSS6样品中的丰度最高(15.69%),同样在除MSS5、HSS3及HSS6以外的样品中均几乎无法检测到。候选硝基宇宙菌属(Candidatus_Nitrocosmicus)在各个样品中的丰度均低于0.07%。
本研究对不同生境的微生物群落进行了LEfSe分析(图5),18组土壤微生物在187个不同分类水平上的古菌群落存在显著差异,其中,LSS1有9个生物标记物,如门水平上的嗜热微菌门(Microcaldota),目水平上的微古菌目(Micrarchaeales)和谜古菌目(Aenigmarchaeales),纲水平上的微古菌纲(Micrarchaeia)和谜古菌纲(Aenigmarchaeia),以及科和属水平上未分类的物种;LSS2有10个生物标记物,其中有属水平上的甲烷杆菌属(Methanobacterium),门水平上的热泉古菌门(Hydrothermarchaeota)和甲烷杆菌门(Methanobacteriota)以及科、目、纲水平和未分类的物种;LSS3有16个生物标记物,属水平上有甲烷短杆菌属(Methanobrevibacter)、甲烷球形属(Methanosphaera)和亚硝化古菌属(Nitrosarchaeum),目水平上有甲烷迟缓菌目(Methanofastidiosales),纲水平上有洛基古菌纲(Lokiarchaeia)和热球菌纲(Thermococci),还有2个暂定属(硝基宇宙菌属和亚硝化球菌属)以及一些未分类的物种;LSS4样品的生物标记物最多,共有25个类群,如门水平上的热原体门(Thermoplasmatota)、谜古菌门(Aenigmarchaeota)和莱纳古菌门(Iainarchaeota),其中热原体门(Thermoplasmatota)与热原体纲(Thermoplasmata)、海洋底栖D组与DHVEG-1 (Marine_Benthic_Group_D_and_DHVEG-1)和7个未分类物种的类群显著富集,还有科与属水平和一些未分类的物种;LSS5有8个生物标记物,主要集中在属水平,共有4个类群显著富集,分别为嗜盐碱单胞菌属(Natronomonas)、盐土生古菌属(Haloterrigena)、盐薄片形菌属(Halolamina)和1个盐微菌科(Halomicrobiaceae)下的未分类的属级类群;LSS6有13个生物标记物,其中厚古菌门(Hadarchaeota)、厚古菌纲(Hadarchaeota)和厚古菌目(Hadarchaeales)以及10个未分类的物种都显著富集;MSS1有5个生物标记物,如门水平上的热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)、科水平上的亚硝化球形菌科(Nitrososphaeraceae)、目水平上的亚硝化球形菌目(Nitrososphaerales)和1个属级物种显著富集;MSS2有7个生物标记物,盐杆菌门(Halobacteriota)、需盐小杆菌纲(Halobacteria)、需盐小杆菌目(Halobacteriales)和2个未分类物种显著富集,还有2个属;MSS3有13个生物标记物,如纲水平上的亚硝化球形菌纲(Nitrososphaeria)、目水平上的硝化杆菌目(Nitrosotaleales)和科水平上的硝化杆菌科(Nitrosotaleaceae)以及其他未分类和未培养的物种;MSS4有17个生物标记物,如纲水平上的深古菌纲(Bathyarchaeia)、甲烷微菌纲(Methanomicrobia)和甲烷八叠球菌纲(Methanosarcinia),目水平上的亚硝化侏儒菌目(Nitrosopumilales)、甲烷微菌目(Methanomicrobiales)和甲烷八叠球菌目(Methanosarciniales),属水平上的盐红色菌属(Halorussus)、噬盐菌属(Saliphagus)和甲烷粒菌属(Methanocorpusculum),以及一些未分类的物种;MSS5有9个生物标记物,主要集中在属水平上,如美丽盐菌属(Halobellus)、海盐菌属(Halopelagius)、盐几何形菌属(Halogeometricum)、盐古生菌属(Haloarchaeobius)等,以及一些未分类的物种;MSS6有15个生物标记物,其中有8个类群显著富集,如门水平上的蛭微菌门(Nanobdellota)、纲水平上的纳古菌纲(Nanoarchaeia)、目水平上的伍斯古菌目(Woesearchaeales)、科水平上的富盐菌科(Haloferacaceae)、属水平上的盐红菌属(Halorubrum)、嗜盐碱红菌属(Natronorubrum)、富盐菌属(Haloferax)和盐颗粒形菌属(Halogranum),以及7个未分类的和未命名的类群;HSS2有3个生物标记物,均为未分类和未命名的物种;HSS3有19个生物标记物,其中有7个类群显著富集,分别为门水平上的纳盐古菌门(Nanohaloarchaeota)、纲水平上的纳言菌纲(Nanosalinia)、科水平上的盐微菌科(Halomicrobiaceae)和纳盐菌科(Nanosalinaceae)、属水平上的海盐脱硫古菌属(Halodesulfurarchaeum)以及1个未分类的科级物种,还有8个属、1个纲、1个目、1个科和1个未分类物种;HSS4有4个生物标记物,4个类群均为未分类及未命名的物种;HSS5有9个生物标记物,如门水平上的阿斯加德古菌门(Asgardarchaeota)、纲水平上的奥丁古菌纲(Odinarchaeia)和属水平上的嗜盐碱球菌属(Natronococcus),以及6个未分类的物种;HSS6有5个生物标记物,如科水平上的盐杆菌科(Halobacteriaceae)、属水平上的厌氧嗜盐古菌属(Halanaeroarchaeum)和盐场古菌属(Salinarchaeum),以及3个未分类和未命名的物种。
图6A展示了门水平丰度前14的类群与各理化因子的相关性,盐杆菌门(Halobacteriota)在MSS2样品中的丰度最高,其与TN和Ca2+呈显著正相关,与NO3--N和SO42-呈显著负相关;热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)在MSS1中相对丰度最高,其与NO3--N和SO42-呈显著正相关,与TN呈显著负相关。蛭微菌门(Nanobdellota)在LSS3-4、MSS4-6和HSS5中富集度最高,其与TN、TC和NH4+-N呈显著正相关,与Mg2+、Cl-和SO42-呈显著负相关;热原体门(Thermoplasmatota)在LSS4、LSS6和HSS5中富集度较高,其与NO3--N和Cl-呈显著正相关,与TK呈显著负相关。阿斯加德古菌门(Asgardarchaeota)、哈达古菌门(Hadarchaeota)、纳米嗜盐古菌门(Nanohaloarchaeota)、伊恩古菌门(Iainarchaeota)和蛭微菌门(Nanobdellota)与NO3--N、Mg2+、Cl-和SO42-均呈负相关,与TN呈正相关。NO3--N对高古菌门(Altiarchaeota)、甲烷杆菌门(Methanobacteriota)、嗜热微菌门(Microcaldota)和谜古菌门(Aenigmarchaeota)呈正相关,但以上类群对Na+都呈负相关。谜古菌门(Aenigmarchaeota)与NO3--N和Cl-呈正相关,与其他离子均为负相关。嗜热微菌门(Microcaldota)与Na+和Cl-呈负相关,与其他离子均为正相关。
为了揭示土壤沉积物古菌群落结构对不同理化因子的响应关系,本研究根据18组土壤沉积物古菌群落组成与土壤理化因子进行RDA分析。结果显示(图6B),第一和第二排序轴分别解释了71.8%和24.0%的古菌群落结构变异,说明本研究所选取的环境因子具有一定的代表性。总体来看,TN、TC、NH4+-N和SO42-对土壤微生物多样性的影响最大,其次为Cl-、NO3--N、Mg2+和Na+,Ca2+、TP和TK的影响较小。LSS5、LSS6、MSS2、HSS3和HSS6主要分布在第一象限,受Ca2+的制约作用最强。LSS1、LSS2、MSS1、MSS3、HSS1、HSS2和HSS4主要分布在第三象限,与NO3--N的垂直投影点相近,表明约束作用最强。LSS3、LSS4、MSS4、MSS5、MSS6和HSS5分布在第四象限,其中TC与MSS5和MSS6垂线投影点相近,表明制约作用最强。
本研究利用Illumina高通量测序技术研究了运城盐湖18组土壤沉积物样品的古菌多样性,对前期获得的21 789个OTUs所对应的序列进行分类学统计得出,18组样品的微生物主要分布于14门27纲37目51科102属。多样性分析表明,MSS4和MSS6的微生物丰度明显高于其他样品,而Shannon指数进一步显示MSS4和MSS6的群落结构更加丰富和均匀。这可能与MSS4和MSS6的土壤理化条件相对适宜,Cl-浓度相对较低有关,为更多微生物提供了生存空间。盐杆菌门(Halobacteriota)、热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)、蛭微菌门(Nanobdellota)、热原体门(Thermoplasmatota)和阿斯加德古菌门(Asgardarchaeota)是主要类群,其中盐杆菌门(Halobacteriota)和热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)为优势类群,这与同为硫酸钠型内陆湖泊的巴里坤湖微生物群落结构基本吻合[24]。Liu等[25]在青藏高原湖泊沉积物的古菌群落中发现,产甲烷的甲烷杆菌门(Methanobacteriota)、热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)和盐杆菌门(Halobacteriota)为主要类群。Jiang等[26]以中国西北青藏高原的茶卡盐湖为研究对象,发现其沉积物中以热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)为主,甲烷杆菌门(Methanobacteriota)是高盐沉积物中的最重要类群。陈庆颖等[27]研究运城黑泥微生物多样性发现,未灭菌的黑泥古菌门水平中同样以盐杆菌门(Halobacteriota)、热原体门(Thermoplasmatota)、阿斯加德古菌门(Asgardarchaeota)、蛭微菌门(Nanobdellota)为主。
各样品门水平间的类群差异较小,但在属水平上18组样品展现出明显的差异。盐脱硫古菌属(Halodesulfurarchaeum)在HSS3样品中占据主导地位,相对占比达23.67%,而在HSS4样品中几乎未检测到。厌氧古菌属(Halanaeroarchaeum)为HSS6中的主导类群,相对占比达到20.75%,而在除HSS6、HSS3和LSS5之外的样品中几乎未检测到(<0.02%)。盐红菌属(Halorubrum)在MSS6样品中的丰度最高(15.69%),同样在除MSS5、HSS3及HSS6以外的样品中均几乎无法检测到。候选硝基宇宙菌属(Candidatus_Nitrocosmicus)在各个样品中的丰度均低于0.07%。
样本中微生物群落的属水平分类存在显著的“未分类特征”:大量类群仅能被注释至科、目甚至门水平(如“unclassified_o_Halobacterales” “unclassified_o_Woesearchaeales” “unclassified_f_Nitrososphaeraceae”等),未被精确分类到属的类群累计相对丰度可达较高比例(如从图4B中others及各类unclassified类群的累计占比超50.00%),表明该环境中存在丰富的未被充分认知的微生物多样性。这一现象可能与两方面因素相关:一方面,现有微生物参考SILVA数据库中许多环境微生物的基因组信息或16S rRNA基因序列尚未被完整收录,导致部分类群无法匹配到已知属级分类单元;另一方面,运城盐湖可能蕴含大量特有或未培养微生物,其分类学信息仍属空白。
从群落结构来看,这些未分类类群并非随机分布,而是在不同样本中呈现出特定的丰度差异[如MSS2样本中“unclassified_o_Halobacterales”占比显著高于其他样本(73.71%),LSS组和HSS组中“unclassified_f_Nitrososphaeraceae”占比突出],暗示其可能参与特定的生态功能或对环境因子存在响应,是群落中潜在的功能类群。因此,此类未分类类群的存在不仅反映了当前微生物分类学研究的局限性,也提示该生境具有较高的微生物资源挖掘潜力,后续可结合宏基因组、单细胞测序等技术进一步解析其分类地位与生态功能。
土壤的理化因子对古菌群落的多样性具有显著影响[28],因此结合理化因子指标分析不同样品间古菌群落多样性对于深入了解并开发运城盐湖具有重要意义。本研究结合pH、TC、TN、TP、TK、TSS、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、NH4+-N、NO3--N、CO32-、Cl-和SO42-共14种土壤理化参数对各样品以及门水平主要类群进行了相关性分析。结果表明,TN、TC、NH4+-N和SO42-对土壤微生物多样性的影响最大,其次为Cl⁻、NO3--N、Mg2+和Na+,Ca2+、TP和TK的影响较小。LSS5、LSS6、MSS2、HSS3和HSS6样本中的盐脱硫古菌属(Halodesulfurarchaeum)和厌氧古菌属(Halanaeroarchaeum)与Ca2+因子呈正相关;盐红菌属(Halorubrum)在样本LSS5、MSS5、MSS6、HSS3和HSS6中占比较高,与Ca2+、TN和TC因子呈正相关;亚硝化球菌科中未分类到属级别的类群(unclassified_f_Nitrososphaeraceae)在LSS1、LSS2、MSS1、MSS3、HSS1、HSS2和HSS4占比较高,与SO42-、NH4+-N和NO3--N等理化参数呈正相关,受Ca2+的制约作用明显,在LSS5、MSS2、HSS3和HSS6样本中几乎无该类群(<0.02%);乌斯古菌目中未分类到属级别的类群(unclassified_o_Woesearchaeales)在各样本中都有一定占比,其中LSS3、LSS4、MSS4、MSS5、MSS6和HSS5中占比较高(>19.01%),与TN和TC呈正相关;张欣等[29]在对茶卡盐湖微生物多样性的研究中也表明,盐湖古菌的群落分布受到诸多因素的综合制约影响,且不同类群制约因素有所差异。与郭浩然等[30]在研究运城盐湖土壤微生物多样性及影响因素研究中发现TN、TC和SO42-对土壤微生物多样性影响最大的结论基本吻合。
本研究通过对运城盐湖18种土壤沉积物样本的扩增子高通量测序,结合多种土壤理化指标,综合分析了运城盐湖土壤古菌的多样性及影响因素,发现古菌群落组成以盐杆菌门(Halobacteriota)、热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)、蛭微菌门(Nanobdellota)、热原体门(Thermoplasmatota)和阿斯加德古菌门(Asgardarchaeota)为主要类群。发现TN、TC、NH4+-N和SO42-对土壤微生物多样性的影响最大,其次为Cl-、NO3--N、Mg2+和Na+,Ca2+、TP和TK的影响较小。本研究结果将为运城盐湖土壤古菌群落组成及影响因素提供新的认识,以期对运城盐湖的纯培养物挖掘能够起到一定的参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32300111)
  • 山西省科技创新人才团队专项(202204051001035)
  • 山西省运城盐湖保护利用研究院“揭榜挂帅”项目(YHYJ-2023001)
  • 运城市科技计划项目基础研究(自由探索类-面上项目)(YCKJ-2023046)
  • the Yuncheng Science and Technology Program(YCKJ-2024022)
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2026年第66卷第6期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20251015
  • 接收时间:2025-12-31
  • 首发时间:2026-06-17
  • 出版时间:2026-06-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-31
  • 录用日期:2026-02-09
基金
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300111)
国家自然科学基金(32300111)
the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province(202204051001035)
山西省科技创新人才团队专项(202204051001035)
the “Listed and Commanded” Project from Yuncheng Salt Lake Protection and Utilization Research Institute of Shanxi Province(YHYJ-2023001)
山西省运城盐湖保护利用研究院“揭榜挂帅”项目(YHYJ-2023001)
the Yuncheng City Science and Technology Plan Project-Basic Research (Free Exploration Category-General Project)(YCKJ-2023046)
运城市科技计划项目基础研究(自由探索类-面上项目)(YCKJ-2023046)
the Yuncheng Science and Technology Program(YCKJ-2024022)
作者信息
    1.山西农业大学 食品科学与工程学院,山西 太谷
    2.运城学院 生命科学系,运城盐湖生态保护与资源利用厅市共建山西省重点实验室,山西 运城
    3.忻州师范学院 生命科学系,山西 忻州
    4.中国地质大学,生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,湖北 武汉
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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