Article(id=1274057562140992434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260157, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1772121600000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1774195200000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-23, onlineDate=1781688593658, onlineDateStr=2026-06-17, pubDate=1780502400000, pubDateStr=2026-06-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781688593658, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781688593658, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781688593658, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1274057338156769818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='6', pageStart='2561', pageEnd='3114', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781688540257, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781688602467, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1274057599193486082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1274057599193486083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3002, endPage=3019, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1274057562640114612, articleId=1274057562140992434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Differences in rhizosphere soil microbial community structure and function between dominant plant species in Yuncheng Salt Lake Wetland, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the differences in the structure and function of rhizosphere soil microbial communities between two dominant halophytes—Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis—in Yuncheng Salt Lake Wetland and to reveal their associations with soil environmental factors, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of saline-alkali wetlands. Methods Rhizosphere soil samples of S. salsa and P. australis, as well as bare beach soil sample without plant cover, were collected as research objects. Metagenomic sequencing was employed to analyze the microbial community structure and functional genes, and key soil physicochemical properties were determined. Results The total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and Cl- concentration in the rhizosphere soils of S. salsa and the bare beach were higher than those in the rhizosphere of P. australis (P<0.05). The microbial diversity and abundance in the rhizosphere soils of both plant species were significantly higher than those in the bare beach soil. The bare beach soil was significantly enriched with the viral phylum Cressdnaviricota, while the rhizosphere soil of S. salsa was significantly enriched with the psychrophilic genus Algoriphagus. Both the rhizosphere soil of S. salsa and the bare beach soil showed co-enrichment of the genera Halomonas and Salegentibacter. TDS was the key factor driving the structures and functional distribution of soil microbial communities, with a contribution rate of 64.40%. Compared with the bare beach, the plant rhizospheres significantly increased the abundance of functional genes related to carbon (e.g., acdB and acs), nitrogen (e.g., gdh_K15371 and nasA), and sulfur (e.g., sudA and dmdB) cycling. Conclusion S. salsa and P. australis shape distinct rhizosphere microenvironments through different survival strategies, which enhance microbial diversity and the abundance of functional genes associated with element cycling, thereby improving the stability and functioning of the saline-alkali wetland ecosystem. This study provides a theoretical foundation for utilizing plant-microbe interactions in the bioremediation and sustainable agricultural use of saline-alkali land.

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E-mail:
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目的 探究运城盐湖湿地2种优势盐生植物——盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)和芦苇(Phragmites australis)根际土壤微生物群落结构与功能的差异,揭示其与土壤环境因子的关联,以期为盐碱湿地生态修复提供理论依据。 方法 以盐地碱蓬、芦苇的根际土壤及无植物覆盖的裸滩土壤为研究对象,运用宏基因组测序技术分析微生物群落结构与功能基因,同时测定土壤关键理化性质。 结果 盐地碱蓬根际和裸滩土壤的矿化度总溶解性固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)、pH值和Cl-浓度显著高于芦苇根际(P<0.05);2种植物根际土壤的微生物多样性和丰度显著高于裸滩。裸滩土壤中显著富集了病毒门(Cressdnaviricota),盐地碱蓬根际土壤显著富集了嗜冷菌属(Algoriphagus),盐地碱蓬根际和裸滩土壤共同富集了盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)与需盐杆菌属(Salegentibacter);TDS是驱动土壤微生物群落结构及功能分布的关键因子,其贡献度达64.40%;与裸滩相比,植物根际显著提升了参与碳(如acdBacs)、氮(如gdh_K15371nasA)、硫(如sudAdmdB)循环的相关功能基因丰度。 结论 盐地碱蓬和芦苇通过不同的生存策略塑造了特异的根际微环境,提高了微生物多样性及相关元素循环功能基因的丰度,进而增强了盐碱湿地生态系统的稳定性与功能。本研究为利用植物-微生物互作进行盐碱地生物修复与农业可持续利用提供了理论基础。

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作者贡献声明

牛亚洁:提出概念、数据分析、撰写文章;李新:项目监督管理、文章审阅、提供资源;董敏:提供设备、技术规范、检测标准;王传旭:数据收集监管;王卓:协助实验操作;杨静:协助数据分析。

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label=Figure 1, caption=Variations in beta diversity of soil microbial communities in rhizosphere and bare flat soils of dominant plants in Yuncheng Salt Lake Wetland. A: Venn diagram of species composition; B: Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plot of soil microbial community composition; C: Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of soil microbial community function., figureFileSmall=wv9Q7sTXu4VF05td0J5yWQ==, figureFileBig=6u6u5L3nlS7ct2WsiKEyhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088110028788177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057562140992434, language=CN, label=图1, caption=运城盐湖湿地优势植物根际及裸滩土壤微生物群落β多样性的变化, figureFileSmall=wv9Q7sTXu4VF05td0J5yWQ==, figureFileBig=6u6u5L3nlS7ct2WsiKEyhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088110108479954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057562140992434, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Differences in soil microbial community structure. A: Top 10 phylum-level microbial community composition; B: Top 10 genus-level microbial community composition; C: Differentially abundant taxa at the phylum level; D: Differentially abundant taxa at the genus level., figureFileSmall=mAor55ak8vsjf/2noFfxFg==, figureFileBig=hEz2Rx9ZjBUm4Gl9/FG1JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088110188171731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057562140992434, language=CN, label=图2, caption=土壤微生物群落结构差异, figureFileSmall=mAor55ak8vsjf/2noFfxFg==, figureFileBig=hEz2Rx9ZjBUm4Gl9/FG1JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088110251086292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057562140992434, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Redundancy analysis of dominant and differentially abundant bacterial phyla in the rhizosphere soils of Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis, and in bare flat soil, in relation to soil environmental factors. Dominant bacterial phyla: Pse (Pseudomonadota), Chl (Chloroflexi), Bac (Bacteroidota), Acti (Actinomycetota), Aci (Acidobacteriota). Differential phylum: Cre (Cressdnaviricota)., figureFileSmall=yvwj6rN1k9LlLHQY739EYg==, figureFileBig=4QAUq6vjiZqH2n9LUOqg3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088110318195157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057562140992434, language=CN, label=图3, caption=盐地碱蓬、芦苇根际与裸滩土壤优势及差异菌门和土壤环境因子冗余分析, figureFileSmall=yvwj6rN1k9LlLHQY739EYg==, figureFileBig=4QAUq6vjiZqH2n9LUOqg3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088110376915414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057562140992434, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Analysis of the differential genes of KEGG classification statistics (A) and soil microorganism carbon (B), nitrogen (C), and sulfur (D) metabolic function., figureFileSmall=1XnewwIq0/GB7iQoXLUmjw==, figureFileBig=rrPGGgn7jMhYHhiCA6cKhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088110448218583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057562140992434, language=CN, label=图4, caption=KEGG分类统计(A)和土壤微生物碳(B)、氮(C)、硫(D)循环功能基因差异分析, figureFileSmall=1XnewwIq0/GB7iQoXLUmjw==, figureFileBig=rrPGGgn7jMhYHhiCA6cKhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088110519521752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057562140992434, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Redundancy analysis of dominant and differentially abundant bacterial phyla in the rhizosphere soils of Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis, and in bare flat soil, in relation to soil environmental factors., figureFileSmall=6rSJQi9+AANqvxnz2pP+gQ==, figureFileBig=x4jeEE3if8hCfGE3ruVw5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088112176271833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057562140992434, language=CN, label=图5, caption=盐地碱蓬、芦苇根际与裸滩土壤碳氮硫代谢差异功能基因丰度和土壤环境因子冗余分析, figureFileSmall=6rSJQi9+AANqvxnz2pP+gQ==, figureFileBig=x4jeEE3if8hCfGE3ruVw5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088112239186394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057562140992434, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil of dominant plants and bare flat soil in the Yuncheng Salt Lake Wetland

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupspHTDS/(g/kg)Cl-/(mg/g)SO42-/(mg/g)TC/(g/kg)TN/(g/kg)NH4⁺-N/(mg/kg)NO3--N/(mg/kg)AP/(mg/kg)TK/(g/kg)
PHA8.30±0.04a15.62±1.31a1.20±0.06a8.54±0.62a3.47±0.32a0.67±0.11a5.37±0.85a2.65±0.18a23.42±2.18a14.31±1.44a
SGB8.79±0.11b38.66±4.51b4.48±0.34ab19.31±3.04a3.73±0.82a0.25±0.04b5.48±0.44a8.35±0.82b26.21±1.47a11.91±2.48a
LD8.71±0.38b65.08±6.19c6.50±0.82b39.38±4.15b2.85±0.34a0.21±0.01b6.53±0.91a2.03±0.02a17.66±1.81b12.07±1.27a
), ArticleFig(id=1274088112310489563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057562140992434, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

运城盐湖湿地优势植物根际及裸滩土壤理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupspHTDS/(g/kg)Cl-/(mg/g)SO42-/(mg/g)TC/(g/kg)TN/(g/kg)NH4⁺-N/(mg/kg)NO3--N/(mg/kg)AP/(mg/kg)TK/(g/kg)
PHA8.30±0.04a15.62±1.31a1.20±0.06a8.54±0.62a3.47±0.32a0.67±0.11a5.37±0.85a2.65±0.18a23.42±2.18a14.31±1.44a
SGB8.79±0.11b38.66±4.51b4.48±0.34ab19.31±3.04a3.73±0.82a0.25±0.04b5.48±0.44a8.35±0.82b26.21±1.47a11.91±2.48a
LD8.71±0.38b65.08±6.19c6.50±0.82b39.38±4.15b2.85±0.34a0.21±0.01b6.53±0.91a2.03±0.02a17.66±1.81b12.07±1.27a
), ArticleFig(id=1274088112381792732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057562140992434, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of alpha diversity of soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere of dominant plants and bare flat soil in Yuncheng Salt Lake Wetland

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupsAbundance indexDiversity indexCoverage/%
SobsACEChao1SimpsonShannon
PHA18 573.67±807.06a19 573.11±741.86a20 031.41±728.11a0.951 4±0.001 1a4.710 0±0.092 0a0.999 809±0.000 030a
SGB19 621.01±1 390.53a20 676.96±1 664.34a20 976.47±1 647.55a0.968 4±0.015 0a5.280 0±0.355 2b0.999 805±0.000 040a
LD10 480.67±1 566.31b11 080.72±1 118.52b11 247.35±1 268.57b0.944 1±0.026 6b4.340 0±0.329 3a0.999 896±0.000 070a
), ArticleFig(id=1274088112448901597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057562140992434, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

运城盐湖湿地优势植物根际及裸滩土壤微生物群落α多样性比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupsAbundance indexDiversity indexCoverage/%
SobsACEChao1SimpsonShannon
PHA18 573.67±807.06a19 573.11±741.86a20 031.41±728.11a0.951 4±0.001 1a4.710 0±0.092 0a0.999 809±0.000 030a
SGB19 621.01±1 390.53a20 676.96±1 664.34a20 976.47±1 647.55a0.968 4±0.015 0a5.280 0±0.355 2b0.999 805±0.000 040a
LD10 480.67±1 566.31b11 080.72±1 118.52b11 247.35±1 268.57b0.944 1±0.026 6b4.340 0±0.329 3a0.999 896±0.000 070a
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运城盐湖湿地优势植物根际土壤微生物群落结构与功能差异
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牛亚洁 1 , 李新 2 , 董敏 3 , 王传旭 1 , 王卓 1 , 杨静 1
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(6): 3002-3019
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026, 66(6): 3002-3019
运城盐湖湿地优势植物根际土壤微生物群落结构与功能差异
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牛亚洁1, 李新2 , 董敏3, 王传旭1, 王卓1, 杨静1
作者信息
  • 1.运城学院 生命科学系,运城盐湖生态保护与资源利用厅市共建山西省重点实验室,山西 运城
  • 2.忻州师范学院 生命科学系,山西 忻州
  • 3.运城市综合检验检测中心标准科研所,山西 运城
Differences in rhizosphere soil microbial community structure and function between dominant plant species in Yuncheng Salt Lake Wetland
Yajie NIU1, Xin LI2 , Min DONG3, Chuanxu WANG1, Zhuo WANG1, Jing YANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Shanxi Key Laboratory of Yuncheng Salt Lake Ecological Protection and Resource Utilization, Life Science Department, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China
  • 2.Department of Life Sciences, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China
  • 3.Standard Research Institute of Yuncheng Comprehensive Inspection and Testing Center, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China
出版时间: 2026-06-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260157
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目的 探究运城盐湖湿地2种优势盐生植物——盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)和芦苇(Phragmites australis)根际土壤微生物群落结构与功能的差异,揭示其与土壤环境因子的关联,以期为盐碱湿地生态修复提供理论依据。 方法 以盐地碱蓬、芦苇的根际土壤及无植物覆盖的裸滩土壤为研究对象,运用宏基因组测序技术分析微生物群落结构与功能基因,同时测定土壤关键理化性质。 结果 盐地碱蓬根际和裸滩土壤的矿化度总溶解性固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)、pH值和Cl-浓度显著高于芦苇根际(P<0.05);2种植物根际土壤的微生物多样性和丰度显著高于裸滩。裸滩土壤中显著富集了病毒门(Cressdnaviricota),盐地碱蓬根际土壤显著富集了嗜冷菌属(Algoriphagus),盐地碱蓬根际和裸滩土壤共同富集了盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)与需盐杆菌属(Salegentibacter);TDS是驱动土壤微生物群落结构及功能分布的关键因子,其贡献度达64.40%;与裸滩相比,植物根际显著提升了参与碳(如acdBacs)、氮(如gdh_K15371nasA)、硫(如sudAdmdB)循环的相关功能基因丰度。 结论 盐地碱蓬和芦苇通过不同的生存策略塑造了特异的根际微环境,提高了微生物多样性及相关元素循环功能基因的丰度,进而增强了盐碱湿地生态系统的稳定性与功能。本研究为利用植物-微生物互作进行盐碱地生物修复与农业可持续利用提供了理论基础。

运城盐湖湿地  /  宏基因组  /  微生物群落  /  碳代谢  /  硫循环

Objective To investigate the differences in the structure and function of rhizosphere soil microbial communities between two dominant halophytes—Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis—in Yuncheng Salt Lake Wetland and to reveal their associations with soil environmental factors, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of saline-alkali wetlands. Methods Rhizosphere soil samples of S. salsa and P. australis, as well as bare beach soil sample without plant cover, were collected as research objects. Metagenomic sequencing was employed to analyze the microbial community structure and functional genes, and key soil physicochemical properties were determined. Results The total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and Cl- concentration in the rhizosphere soils of S. salsa and the bare beach were higher than those in the rhizosphere of P. australis (P<0.05). The microbial diversity and abundance in the rhizosphere soils of both plant species were significantly higher than those in the bare beach soil. The bare beach soil was significantly enriched with the viral phylum Cressdnaviricota, while the rhizosphere soil of S. salsa was significantly enriched with the psychrophilic genus Algoriphagus. Both the rhizosphere soil of S. salsa and the bare beach soil showed co-enrichment of the genera Halomonas and Salegentibacter. TDS was the key factor driving the structures and functional distribution of soil microbial communities, with a contribution rate of 64.40%. Compared with the bare beach, the plant rhizospheres significantly increased the abundance of functional genes related to carbon (e.g., acdB and acs), nitrogen (e.g., gdh_K15371 and nasA), and sulfur (e.g., sudA and dmdB) cycling. Conclusion S. salsa and P. australis shape distinct rhizosphere microenvironments through different survival strategies, which enhance microbial diversity and the abundance of functional genes associated with element cycling, thereby improving the stability and functioning of the saline-alkali wetland ecosystem. This study provides a theoretical foundation for utilizing plant-microbe interactions in the bioremediation and sustainable agricultural use of saline-alkali land.

Yuncheng Salt Lake Wetland  /  metagenome  /  microbial community  /  carbon metabolism  /  sulfur cycling
牛亚洁, 李新, 董敏, 王传旭, 王卓, 杨静. 运城盐湖湿地优势植物根际土壤微生物群落结构与功能差异. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (6) : 3002 -3019 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260157
Yajie NIU, Xin LI, Min DONG, Chuanxu WANG, Zhuo WANG, Jing YANG. Differences in rhizosphere soil microbial community structure and function between dominant plant species in Yuncheng Salt Lake Wetland[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (6) : 3002 -3019 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260157
土壤盐碱化是全球性的环境与生态问题[1]。盐碱湿地作为重要的蓝碳生态系统,其高盐、高pH的极端环境对生物生存构成严峻挑战[2-3]。运城盐湖湿地是全球暖温带落叶林区唯一的大型硫酸钠型盐碱湿地生态系统,长期面临自然高盐渍化与人类活动的双重胁迫,致使湿地退化、生物多样性丧失[4-5]。自20世纪90年代以来,过度开发导致该区域原生植被大面积消失,生态系统功能衰退;到2020年,其草地面积较1990年下降了55.22%[6]。2020年起,当地实施“退盐还湖”工程,通过植被恢复开展生态修复。在此背景下,深入探究盐生植物根际微生物的响应机制,对评估和优化修复策略具有重要的科学意义。
盐生植物是盐碱地生态修复的关键工具,其生态效能与根际微生物群落的动态响应密切相关[7]。植物通过根系分泌物(如有机酸、黄酮类化合物)定向招募并塑造根际微生物群落,富集耐盐菌、产酶菌等功能类群,进而通过改善土壤结构、促进养分循环、缓解盐胁迫等方式构建利于植物生长的根际微环境[8-11]。盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)与芦苇(Phragmites australis)作为运城盐湖湿地的核心建群种,通过差异化生态位占据与功能互补,构建了“盐渍化先锋-过渡带稳定”的级联修复模式[10,12]。研究表明,盐地碱蓬连续种植能显著提升土壤微生物多样性及多功能性,其根际可富集盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)等耐盐菌以降低土壤盐度[7-8]。芦苇根际则能招募具有解磷、促生功能的微生物,如肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),增强碳氮循环[13]。这些微生物与植物形成共生互作网络,是驱动盐碱湿地碳、氮、硫等关键元素生物地球化学循环的核心引擎[14-15]
近年来,高通量测序技术,尤其是宏基因组学的发展,为系统解析极端环境微生物群落的结构、功能基因及代谢途径提供了强大工具[16-17]。研究证实,环境因子如盐度[常以矿化度总溶解性固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)或电导率表征]是驱动盐碱地微生物群落组装及其功能分布的关键确定性因素[18]。例如,在运城盐湖,TDS、全氮、全碳和SO42-是影响沉积物细菌多样性的主要环境因子[5]。同时,针对黄河三角洲滨海湿地及青藏高原盐碱湿地的研究,已初步揭示了盐生植物根际微生物在碳固定、甲烷代谢、硝化反硝化及硫转化等过程中的功能基因特征[13]。然而,现有研究多聚焦于单一物种或较小空间尺度,对于运城盐湖这一独特高盐、高pH复合胁迫环境下,2种优势盐生植物根际微生物群落的结构分异、功能基因挖掘及其与环境因子的耦合机制仍缺乏系统性解析。这限制了对“退盐还湖”工程中微生物-植物协同修复机理的深入理解,也制约了基于微生物调控的精准生态恢复技术的开发。
本研究以运城盐湖湿地优势植物盐地碱蓬和芦苇的根际土壤为研究对象,并以无植物覆盖的裸滩作为对照,运用宏基因组测序技术,结合土壤理化性质分析,旨在:(1) 阐明2种植物根际与裸滩土壤微生物群落的多样性、组成及结构差异;(2) 识别与碳、氮、硫循环相关的关键功能基因,并揭示其丰度变化规律;(3) 解析土壤关键理化因子对微生物群落结构及功能基因分布的驱动作用。本研究期望从微生物组视角揭示盐碱湿地优势植物根际的微生物生态功能,为运城盐湖乃至类似盐碱湿地的生物修复与可持续治理提供理论依据和微生物资源储备。
运城盐湖湿地(34°35′-35°49′N, 110°15′-112°04′E)地处山西省运城市腹地,南依中条山,北靠峨眉鸣条岗,东连涑水瑶台,西接黄河古渡,属内陆湖,是位于中国暖温带落叶林区域内唯一的咸水湖。该区域属暖温带半湿润大陆性季风气候,年平均降雨量为559.3 mm,年均日照时数2 247.4 h,年均温约13.6 ℃,夏季极端高温可达40 ℃以上,冬季极端低温可低至-15 ℃左右,全年无霜期约208 d。运城盐湖是世界开发最早的盐湖之一,总面积约为299.11 km2,包含盐湖水域、湿地及周边生态修复区,土壤地带属褐土地带。
采样点位于运城盐湖湿地,于2025年6-7月对湿地周边的优势植物盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)和芦苇(Phragmites australis)根际土壤进行采样。土样分别标记为盐地碱蓬根际土壤(rhizosphere soil of S. salsa, SGB)、芦苇根际土壤(rhizosphere soil of P. australis, PHA),将无植物生长的裸滩土壤标记为(barren land, LD)。挖取0-30 cm深度的植物根系,抖落根部松动的土后,用无菌软毛刷刷取根表面附着的5 mm以内的土壤并混合,去掉杂根及凋落物,获得根际土壤。无植物覆盖的裸滩区域(深20 cm)作为对照样本。分别从3个平行样品中均匀混合取样,将根际土和裸滩土置于密封袋中,标注取样时间、地点和编号,并迅速存放于含有干冰的冷冻保温箱中。将所有土壤样品分为两部分存放在实验室内:一部分进行自然风干,用于测定土壤理化性质;剩余部分过2 mm筛后,冻存于-80 ℃冰箱备用。
采用电极法测定pH;采用离子色谱法测定Cl-、SO42-含量[18];通过元素分析仪(Elementar公司)测定全碳(total carbon, TC)和全氮(total nitrogen, TN)含量[19];采用碳酸氢钠/氟化钠盐酸浸提,钼锑抗比色法测定土壤有效磷(available phosphorus, AP)含量;采用氯化钾溶液浸提,双波长比色法测定土壤硝态氮(nitrate nitrogen, NO3--N)含量;采用氯化钾溶液浸提,靛酚蓝比色法测定土壤铵态氮(ammonium nitrogen, NH4+-N)含量;采用NaOH碱熔-火焰光度法测定土壤全钾(total potassium, TK)含量[20-21];采用去离子水浸提,质量法测定土壤矿化度总溶解性固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)含量,计算如公式(1)所示。
矿化度总溶解固体含量(g/kg)=(m1-m0)×D×1 000m
式中:m为风干土壤样品质量(g),m0为蒸发皿质量(g),m1为全盐量加蒸发皿质量(g),D为风干样换算成烘干样的换算系数。
使用Mag-Bind Soil DNA Kit (Omega公司),从0.5 g土壤样品中提取总DNA。利用1%琼脂糖凝胶检测DNA完整性和纯度。同时利用Qubit4.0 (QubitTM 4 Fluorometer, with WiFi: Q33238; QubitTM Assay Tubes: Q32856; QubitTM 1X dsDNA HS Assay Kit: Q33231)检测DNA浓度和纯度。宏基因组测序在南京派森诺基因科技有限公司的lllumina NovaSeq 6000平台(150 bp,双末端模式)上进行,每个样本产生71 347 492-113 185 116个读数(平均86 625 199个读数/样本)。对Illumina测序数据进行质控、组装获得contigs序列后,用Prodigal软件对拼接的contigs序列进行ORF预测,并将其翻译为氨基酸序列。ORF预测结果采用CD-HIT软件去冗余以获得非冗余的初始gene catalogue,默认以同一性95%、覆盖率90%进行聚类。使用MMseqs2将unigenes翻译的蛋白序列与NCBI非冗余蛋白(non-redundant protein, NR)数据库进行比对,并基于比对结果应用2bLCA算法以获得物种注释信息。利用MMseqs2软件将去冗余后的unigene翻译蛋白序列与KEGG (https://www.kegg.jp)、eggNOG (http://eggnogdb.embl.de)、CAZy (https://www.cazy.org)数据库进行比对,从而得到功能注释信息。
所有后续统计分析均在R (v4.3.2)环境中进行。使用vegan包计算微生物群落的α多样性指数(Shannon、Chao1)和基于Bray-Curtis距离的β多样性,并进行主坐标分析(principal coordinate analysis, PCoA)。采用相似性分析(analysis of similarities, ANOSIM)检验组间群落结构的差异显著性。利用SPSS软件对样本数据进行单因素方差分析(one-way analysis of variance, ANOVA)结合Duncan事后检验进行验证,数据以均值±标准差表示,用于土壤理化性质及α多样性差异性分析。基于物种相对丰度数据,使用pheatmap包绘制柱状图。采用stats包及Python的scipy包(v1.0.0)绘制门、属水平物种丰度及功能基因丰度的组间差异条形图。使用Canoco软件进行冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA),探究环境因子对微生物群落结构及其功能基因分布的影响。
盐地碱蓬根际、芦苇根际与裸滩区域土壤的理化性质指标存在差异(表1)。盐地碱蓬根际土壤和裸滩区域的pH值、矿化度总溶解性固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)含量、Cl-浓度均显著高于芦苇根际(P<0.05);盐地碱蓬根际土壤硝态氮(nitrate nitrogen, NO3--N)含量显著高于芦苇根际土壤和裸滩区域(P<0.05);芦苇根际土壤中的全氮(total nitrogen, TN)含量显著高于盐地碱蓬根际和裸滩区域;裸滩区域SO42-浓度显著高于盐地碱蓬和芦苇根际(P<0.05),而根际土全碳值虽然比裸滩土高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。
表2所示,所有土壤样品都具有超过99%的排序深度指数,表明测序深度足以覆盖土样中的微生物群落结构,测序结果真实有效。盐地碱蓬和芦苇根际土壤的多数α多样性指数(Sobs、ACE、Chao1、Simpson)均显著高于裸滩区域(P<0.05)。此外,盐地碱蓬根际土壤的Shannon指数显著高于芦苇根际土壤和裸滩区域(P<0.05)。结果表明,植物根际效应显著提升了土壤微生物群落的多样性和丰富度,且盐地碱蓬根际在Shannon多样性上具有更明显的优势。
通过宏基因组测序物种注释,共获得5界220门420纲782目1 560科5 253属33 203种微生物。基于物种分类结果绘制Venn图(图1A)显示,芦苇根际、盐地碱蓬根际和裸滩土壤中共有的物种数为11 054个,盐地碱蓬根际特有的物种数为3 447个,占总物种数的20.49%;芦苇根际特有的物种数为1 520个,占总物种数的9.04%;裸滩区域特有的物种数为798个,表明盐地碱蓬和芦苇覆盖可以增加根际微生物数量。
基于Bray-Curtis距离,主坐标分析(PCoA)和非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS),结合Adonis检验,揭示土壤微生物群落β多样性的差异。群落组成PCoA分析(图1B)主成分轴1和轴2累积解释度为63.8%,各处理离散程度高;Adonis检验发现R2=0.332,P=0.107,表明土壤微生物群落组成在组间无显著差异。群落功能NMDS分析(图1C)中stress值为0.000 1<0.001,具有较好的代表性,Adonis检验发现R2=0.329,P=0.045,表明土壤微生物功能基因在组间具有显著差异(P<0.05)。
在门水平上,假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、放线菌门(Actinomycetota)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)是优势类群,共占所有分类单元序列的85.92%-95.79% (图2A)。假单胞菌门在根际土壤中的相对丰度比裸滩土壤高(77.83%-96.29%),放线菌门在根际土壤中的相对丰度比裸滩土壤高(52.23%-99.24%),拟杆菌门在盐地碱蓬根际和裸滩土壤中的相对丰度比芦苇根际分别高5.91倍和6.57倍,酸杆菌门在芦苇根际土壤中的相对丰度比盐地碱蓬根际和裸滩土壤分别高2.27倍和1.07倍。除CRESS DNA病毒门(Cressdnaviricota)的相对丰度在不同组间存在显著差异(P<0.05),其余均无显著差异(图2C)。其中,裸滩土壤中Cressdnaviricota的相对丰度显著高于盐地碱蓬根际土壤(367倍),比芦苇根际土壤高(72.6倍)。
在属水平上,微生物群落相对丰度排名前5的分别为候选属(Candidatus Entotheonella, 0.00%-14.35%)、盐单胞菌属(Halomonas, 0.19%-13.10%)、海生微弯菌属(Pelagibius, 0.38%-13.50%)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas, 0.02%-14.38%)、需盐杆菌属(Salegentibacter, 0.01%-16.93%) (图2B)。盐单胞菌属在盐地碱蓬根际和裸滩土壤中的相对丰度比芦苇根际分别高6.89倍和9.28倍,需盐杆菌属在盐地碱蓬根际和裸滩土壤中的相对丰度比芦苇根际分别高13.41倍和37.03倍,远洋杆菌属在盐地碱蓬和芦苇根际土壤中的相对丰度比裸滩土壤分别高3.39倍和5.39倍,鞘氨醇单胞菌属在芦苇根际土壤中的相对丰度比盐地碱蓬根际和裸滩土壤分别高6.11倍和24.68倍。嗜冷菌属(Algoriphagus)的相对丰度在不同组间差异显著(P<0.05),其余均无显著差异(图2D)。其中,盐地碱蓬根际土壤中Algoriphagus的相对丰度显著高于芦苇根际(55.16倍),比裸滩土壤高(32.59倍)。
RDA分析发现(图3),第一轴解释率为69.92%,第二轴解释率为19.90%,累计解释率为89.82%,说明本图能较好地反映土壤环境因子与微生物优势及差异菌门的相关性。对盐地碱蓬、芦苇根际和裸滩土壤微生物优势及差异菌门具有重要影响的土壤指标为TDS (P<0.05)。环境因子对土壤优势及差异菌门的驱动程度大小为TDS>SO42->AP>NO3--N>pH>TN>NH4+-N>Cl-。其中,矿化度总溶解性固体TDS是影响土壤微生物优势及差异菌门最重要的调节因子,与拟杆菌门、CRESS DNA病毒门、绿屈挠菌门呈正相关,与假单胞菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门呈负相关。
基于KEGG数据库对运城盐湖湿地优势植物根际土壤微生物群落的宏基因组数据进行了模块化注释(图4A)。结果表明,在KEGG level-1水平上,代谢相关通路(metabolism)的平均相对丰度最高,为78.35%;其次是遗传信息处理(genetic information processing),占9.20%;细胞过程(cellular processes),占6.19%;人类疾病(human disease),占3.17%;环境信息处理(environment information processing),占2.23%;生物体系统(organismal systems)途径,占0.85%。在KEGG level-2水平上,代谢相关通路中氨基酸代谢(amino acid metabolism)的平均相对丰度最高,为16.74%;其次是碳水化合物代谢(carbohydrate metabolism),占15.14%;能量代谢(energy metabolism),占10.17%。其中,PHA和SGB中其他氨基酸代谢(metabolism of other amino acids)、萜类与聚酮类代谢(metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides)、耐药性:抗微生物(drug resistance: antimicrobial)、运输与分解代谢(transport and catabolism)、环境适应(environmental adaptation)的相对丰度显著高于LD;LD中土壤微生物的碳水化合物代谢、辅因子与维生素代谢(metabolism of cofactors and vitamins)、能量代谢、核苷酸代谢(nucleotide metabolism)的相对丰度显著高于PHA和SGB。
通过对土壤微生物参与碳、氮、硫循环功能基因集的构建和功能注释,采用单因素方差分析方法获得碳、氮、硫循环过程的显著差异功能基因(图4B-4D)。与PHA和LD相比,SGB使参与卡尔文循环(acdB)、C4光合途径(ppc)、氮代谢关键酶谷氨酸脱氢酶(gdh_K15371)、同化硫酸盐还原途径(cysNC)的功能基因丰度升高,且SGB显著高于LD (P<0.05);参与碳代谢(ackAacs)、同化硝酸还原(nasA)、硫还原途径(sudA)、有机硫转化途径(dmdB)、硫醇代谢耦合(mcl)的功能基因丰度排序为PHA>SGB>LD。
根据RDA分析结果(图5),RDA1 (76.21%)和RDA2 (17.06%)共同解释了微生物群落差异的93.27%,表明环境因子对群落结构分布具有极强的解释能力。结果表明,矿化度总溶解性固体(TDS)、硝态氮(NO3--N)和pH是驱动微生物群落分布的主要环境因子,其中TDS贡献度最高,为64.40%。土壤中的总溶解性固体含量与LD系列样本(LD1、LD2、LD3)呈正相关,表明高盐度环境特征显著,但与碳、氮、硫循环功能基因呈高度负相关。在功能基因分布方面,土壤中的硝态氮含量与碳循环(如ppcacdB)、氮代谢(gdh_K15371)和硫代谢(cysNC)相关的基因丰度呈高度正相关,且与SGB样本(SGB1、SGB2、SGB3)紧密关联,提示盐地碱蓬根际土壤环境促进了特定的碳、氮循环过程。芦苇根际土壤中的全钾含量与碳代谢(如ackAacs)、硫循环(如sudAdmdB)相关的基因丰度呈显著正相关。结果提示,土壤中的矿化度总溶解性固体、硝态氮和全钾等环境因子共同影响了微生物群落组成与功能基因。
本研究表明,盐地碱蓬根际和裸滩土壤的盐碱化程度显著高于芦苇根际,具体表现为pH值、矿化度总溶解性固体(TDS)含量和Cl-浓度的显著升高。这一差异主要源于盐地碱蓬的离子选择性吸收特性(优先富集Na+和Cl-)以及裸地缺乏植被的脱盐调节作用[8,22]。这一过程直接导致其根际微域土壤溶液中的Na+、Cl-浓度及总溶解性固体(TDS)显著升高,pH也随之改变。这种分异不仅反映了植被类型对盐渍化环境的适应性策略差异,更揭示了盐碱地生态系统中生物与非生物因子间的复杂互作机制。相反,芦苇作为一种拒盐型植物,通过根系物理屏障和离子选择性吸收限制盐分进入,同时其发达的根系和较高的生物量通过分泌物和凋落物输入显著提升了根际的氮、磷等养分含量[23]。裸滩区域由于缺乏植被的蒸腾拉力、根系截留及有机质输入等生物调节作用,盐分随毛细作用大量表聚,导致其TDS及SO42-浓度最高。这一现象在辽河口裸滩湿地研究中同样被观察到[24]。这种由植被类型主导的“根际效应”是驱动后续微生物群落与功能分异的首要环境过滤器[25]。与本研究发现的芦苇和盐地碱蓬根际土壤的α多样性指数及特有的物种数均显著高于裸滩的情况一致。而裸滩区域缺乏植被的调节与资源输入,微生物多样性最低,印证了植被在盐碱地生态系统生物地球化学循环中的核心引擎作用。
尽管3种生境的微生物群落组成在top 10门属水平虽无显著差异,表现出一定的群落结构趋同性,但仍具有一定差异性。盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)和需盐杆菌属(Salegentibacter)均是典型的嗜盐或高度耐盐细菌。多项研究表明,土壤盐度是塑造微生物群落结构的最主要环境因子。例如,对野生乌拉尔甘草的研究发现,在重度盐渍化生境中,HalomonasSalegentibacter成为显著优势属[26]。本研究中盐地碱蓬根际和裸滩土壤具有更高的TDS和Cl-浓度,创造了类似的高盐胁迫微环境,从而定向筛选并富集了这些适应高盐的微生物类群。在功能基因水平上,群落间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。这种“组成趋同-功能分异”的现象揭示了微生物群落的功能冗余性:不同生境中,尽管分类学组成相似,但微生物所执行的具体代谢功能却因环境压力(主要是盐分)和资源可利用性(如碳、氮形态)的不同而发生显著重塑[23]。盐地碱蓬和芦苇根际中氨基酸代谢(如萜类与聚酮类代谢)和耐药性基因丰度较高,可能与其根系分泌物中酚类物质和次生代谢产物的输入相关[27];而裸滩中碳水化合物代谢和能量代谢占优,可能源于裸滩土壤有机碳分解速率加快[20]
冗余分析(RDA)进一步证实,矿化度总溶解性固体(TDS)是驱动微生物群落变异和碳、氮、硫循环功能分异的最主要环境因子(贡献度64.40%),其与多数碳、氮、硫循环功能基因呈高度负相关,凸显了高盐度对微生物代谢活性的普遍抑制。这与在运城盐湖等类似生境中的研究结论高度一致[5]。本研究中高TDS环境主要反映了Na+、Cl-、SO42-等可溶性盐离子的高度富集。高浓度盐分导致土壤水势急剧下降,对微生物细胞造成渗透胁迫,普遍抑制其代谢活性,这与本研究观察到的高TDS与多数碳、氮、硫循环功能基因呈高度负相关一致。此外,高盐环境定向筛选具备特定耐盐机制的类群。本研究观察到TDS与拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)呈正相关,这两类群通常富含能合成相容性溶质(如甜菜碱、海藻糖)或具有更稳定细胞膜的物种,而与TDS呈负相关的酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)中的许多类群可能对盐分更敏感。CRESS DNA病毒门(Cressdnaviricota)与TDS的正相关则暗示病毒群落也可能对盐度胁迫作出响应。这体现了盐分对微生物的强烈环境选择:高渗透压胁迫筛选出具备细胞膜稳定性增强、相容性溶质合成等机制的耐盐/嗜盐类群[28]。同时,高盐度普遍抑制了微生物群落的代谢活性,表现为裸滩(LD)样本与多数碳、氮、硫循环功能基因呈高度负相关。盐生植物并非被动承受环境压力,而是通过根系分泌物等机制主动塑造其根际微生物组。假单胞菌门在糖原合成、氨基酸代谢、萜类合成等通路中占据主导地位[29]。与本研究中相较于裸地而言,盐地碱蓬和芦苇根际中增加的假单胞菌门丰度,以及更高的氨基酸代谢、萜类与聚酮类代谢的丰度情况一致。研究表明,盐胁迫下盐地碱蓬的根系分泌物组成发生显著变化,可能分泌更多有机酸、脂类等物质,这些物质能够特异性吸引和富集耐盐微生物[8,30]Halomonas等菌属被证实是盐生植物核心微生物组的常见成员[31]。因此,盐地碱蓬根际中HalomonasSalegentibacter的高丰度很可能是植物为应对高盐胁迫而进行的主动“招募”,以建立互利共生的根际微生态[32]
高盐度环境不仅通过直接的渗透胁迫筛选耐盐/嗜盐微生物,还可能通过改变根际的氧化还原状态来重塑微生物功能。相较于2个根际生境,裸滩土壤中显著升高的TDS、Cl-、SO42-浓度形成的高盐度环境特征显著抑制了碳、氮、硫循环相关功能基因的丰度增加,尤其是硫同化基因(cysNC)和有机硫转化基因(dmdB)的显著缺乏。这表明缺乏植被覆盖导致硫素生物地球化学转化过程严重受阻[28,33-34]。裸滩土壤中硫可能主要以硫酸盐形式存在,但因缺乏活跃的硫酸盐还原菌,无法有效转化为植物可利用的有机硫或还原态硫,从而限制了潜在的植物定殖与生态系统发育。这一发现与Wang等[35]的研究结论一致,强调了植被在激活盐碱地土壤微生物功能、启动生态演替中的不可替代作用。
KEGG分析进一步显示,相较于裸滩,盐地碱蓬和芦苇根际土壤中碳、氮、硫循环的功能基因丰度显著升高。盐地碱蓬根际微生物通过构建强化碳固定与硫同化的代谢网络来直接对抗并适应高盐胁迫,这一结果与盐生植物通过根系分泌物调控微生物功能的机制一致[7,36]。微生物通过增强C4途径(ppc)和卡尔文循环(acdB)来高效固定CO2,不仅为自身合成相容性溶质(如脯氨酸、甘氨酸甜菜碱)以维持细胞渗透压提供碳骨架,也可能通过分泌有机酸(如苹果酸、琥珀酸)来缓解根际碱化,并活化土壤中难溶性磷,提高养分有效性[37-38]cysNC基因的富集表明根际微生物正积极将SO42-还原为H2S,进而合成半胱氨酸等含硫氨基酸[39-40]。这不仅是微生物自身的硫营养需求,半胱氨酸作为谷胱甘肽的前体,还直接参与细胞的氧化应激防御,帮助微生物和植物抵抗盐胁迫产生的活性氧(ROS)[41]。盐胁迫常抑制植物和微生物对铵态氮(NH4+-N)的直接同化[42-43]。本研究中盐地碱蓬根际土壤的硝态氮(NO3--N)含量显著高于芦苇根际和裸滩,而盐度(TDS)介于两者之间。这一独特的根际微环境(较高硝态氮、中度盐度)可能对其微生物的氮代谢策略产生了重要影响。尽管GDH途径对NH4+的亲和力通常低于GS/GOGAT途径,但在可利用碳源相对充足、或当硝态氮被快速还原为铵后局部浓度升高的情况下,GDH途径因其一步反应、耗能相对较少的特点,能更快速地将氮同化为谷氨酸。本研究中该基因(gdh_K15371)的富集提示,盐地碱蓬根际微生物可能倾向于利用这一高效途径。这既能避免因硝态氮还原或有机氮矿化可能产生的铵局部积累所带来的潜在毒害,又能为合成渗透调节物质(如脯氨酸)和其他含氮有机物提供稳定的氮源和碳骨架,从而帮助微生物在盐分胁迫下维持必要的代谢活性和适应能力[44-45]。这些功能基因的协同上调,共同构建了一个耐受、适应并利用高盐环境的微生物代谢网络,是盐地碱蓬在恶劣生境中成功定殖的关键微生物学基础[12]
相比于裸滩和盐地碱蓬根际,本研究发现芦苇根际土壤中的盐度TDS降低了50%以上。芦苇通过深层根系(可达2 m)构建通气管网,改善土壤透气性并促进盐分淋溶;其高生物量产生大量凋落物(年凋落量约1.2 kg/m2),持续输入有机质驱动“脱盐-培肥”正向循环[46]。与盐地碱蓬根际不同,芦苇根际显著富集了参与碳代谢(ackAacs)、同化硝酸还原(nasA)及硫还原(sudA)途径的功能基因,且与全钾含量高度正相关。这表明芦苇根际微生物群落的功能重心在于有机质的分解与养分的活化,提示盐生植物可能通过根系分泌物(如有机酸)激活硫循环,促进硫素有效性提升[8,47-48]ackAacs基因参与乙酸代谢,是降解根系分泌物和凋落物中简单有机碳的关键步骤;sudA基因则与硫酸盐的异化还原有关,可能在厌氧微环境中驱动硫循环[49-50]。这种功能特征与芦苇根际较低的盐分、较高的养分含量相匹配,共同促进了以高效养分循环为特征的根际微生态系统。
本研究表明在运城盐湖湿地,盐地碱蓬和芦苇的种植提高了微生物群落的多样性和相关功能基因的丰度,从而增强了盐碱湿地生态系统的稳定性。同时,盐地碱蓬和芦苇的种植显著提升了根际土壤养分水平。矿化度总溶解性固体(TDS)对土壤微生物群落结构和功能格局有重要影响。综上所述,盐地碱蓬和芦苇通过不同的生存策略,分别塑造了独特的根际微环境,有利于提高盐碱胁迫下植物的抗逆性和维持盐碱地生态系统多功能性和稳定性,为筛选出的关键功能类群和基因标记(如cysNC)提供了依据,开发针对性的微生物接种剂或合成群落,为盐碱地的生物修复与农业可持续利用奠定了基础。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32300111)
  • 山西省科技创新人才团队专项(202204051001035)
  • 山西省高校科技创新项目(2024L337)
  • 运城市科技计划(YCKJ-2024022)
  • 运城市科技计划面上项目(YCKJ-2024030)
  • 山西省运城盐湖保护利用研究院“揭榜挂帅”项目(YHYJ-2023001)
  • 运城学院应用研究项目(YY-202401)
  • 运城学院博士科研启动项目(YQ-2024003)
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2026年第66卷第6期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260157
  • 接收时间:2026-02-27
  • 首发时间:2026-06-17
  • 出版时间:2026-06-04
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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-27
  • 录用日期:2026-03-23
基金
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300111)
国家自然科学基金(32300111)
the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province(202204051001035)
山西省科技创新人才团队专项(202204051001035)
the Shanxi Province High-efficiency Technological Innovation Project(2024L337)
山西省高校科技创新项目(2024L337)
the Yuncheng City Science and Technology Program(YCKJ-2024022)
运城市科技计划(YCKJ-2024022)
the Yuncheng City Science and Technology Program General Project(YCKJ-2024030)
运城市科技计划面上项目(YCKJ-2024030)
the “Listed and Commanded” Project from Yuncheng Salt Lake Protection and Utilization Research Institute of Shanxi Province(YHYJ-2023001)
山西省运城盐湖保护利用研究院“揭榜挂帅”项目(YHYJ-2023001)
the Yuncheng University Applied Research Project(YY-202401)
运城学院应用研究项目(YY-202401)
the Yuncheng University Doctoral Scientific Research Startup Project(YQ-2024003)
运城学院博士科研启动项目(YQ-2024003)
作者信息
    1.运城学院 生命科学系,运城盐湖生态保护与资源利用厅市共建山西省重点实验室,山西 运城
    2.忻州师范学院 生命科学系,山西 忻州
    3.运城市综合检验检测中心标准科研所,山西 运城
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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