Article(id=1274057543769940792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260110, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1770220800000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1773590400000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineDate=1781688589278, onlineDateStr=2026-06-17, pubDate=1780502400000, pubDateStr=2026-06-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781688589278, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781688589278, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781688589278, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1274057338156769818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='6', pageStart='2561', pageEnd='3114', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781688540257, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781688602467, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1274057599193486082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1274057599193486083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2988, endPage=3001, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1274057544172593978, articleId=1274057543769940792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Isolation, identification, and bioactivity screening of dioscysmycine A and polyketones from the deep-sea-derived fungus Talaromycesmuroii SCSIO 40439, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To isolate and identify secondary metabolites from the deep-sea-derived fungus Talaromyces muroii SCSIO 40439 and evaluate their biological activities. Methods The strain SCSIO 40439 was fermented on a rice medium. The resulting extract was subjected to silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20 column, and semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain compounds. Structure elucidation was performed via high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrum (HRESIMS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray crystal diffraction and comparison with literature data. Antimicrobial activity was assessed through the filter paper disk diffusion method, while tyrosinase inhibitory activity was measured based on the rate of dopamine oxidation. Results Four compounds were isolated from the fermentation extract of T. muroii SCSIO 40439, including a new orsellinic acid-cysteine dimer dioscysmycine A (1) and three known polyketides: alternariol (2), altenusin (3), and 3′-hydroxyalternariol 5-O-methyl ether (4). Compound 1 exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an inhibition rate of 58% (the positive control, kojic acid, showed an inhibition rate of 90%). Compound 2 inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300. Conclusion This study expands the known structural diversity of secondary metabolites of Talaromyces and identified a candidate inhibitor for tyrosinase. Furthermore, the findings provide a new biosynthetic gene cluster of alternariol.

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E-mail: JIANG Mingguo,
ZHANG Wenjun,
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目的 对深海来源篮状菌(Talaromyces muroii) SCSIO 40439的次级代谢产物进行分离鉴定,并评估其生物活性。 方法 采用大米固体培养基进行发酵,运用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、半制备高效液相色谱(HPLC)等色谱技术对萃取物进行分离纯化。通过正离子高分辨电喷雾质谱(high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrum, HRESIMS)、核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR)及X-射线单晶衍射等波谱方法,并结合文献数据比对鉴定化合物结构。采用滤纸片扩散法评估抗菌活性,通过多巴速率氧化法测定化合物12的酪氨酸酶抑制活性。 结果T. muroii发酵产物中分离得到4个化合物,包括1个新的苔色酰半胱氨酸二聚体dioscysmycine A (1)和3个已知的聚酮化合物alternariol (2)、altenusin (3)、3′-hydroxyalternariol 5-O-methyl ether (4)。化合物1对酪氨酸酶具有抑制活性,抑制率为58% (阳性对照曲酸的抑制率为90%);化合物2对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus) ATCC 29213和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) ATCC 43300具有生长抑制活性。 结论 本研究丰富了篮状菌属真菌次级代谢产物的结构多样性,发现了1个潜在的酪氨酸酶抑制剂候选分子;同时,本研究也为聚酮来源化合物alternariol的生物合成研究提供了新的基因簇信息。

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作者贡献声明

尹苗苗:化合物分离鉴定、论文撰写和修改;丁雪敏:数据收集;周天宇:生物信息学分析;刘小玉:协助实验操作;张长生、姜明国:论文修改与审阅;张文军:数据分析与论文修改。

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figureFileBig=3q/mO17YEq7NzfbGPL79Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088077304828253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057543769940792, language=CN, label=图1, caption=化合物1-4的化学及单晶结构图, figureFileSmall=K9E9rYDVkb6bjDq0SiY6Qg==, figureFileBig=3q/mO17YEq7NzfbGPL79Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088077392908638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057543769940792, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Morphological characteristics and classification of Talaromyces muroii SCSIO 40439. 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A: The proposed biosynthesis gene clusters of compounds 2-4; B: The hypothetical biosynthesis pathway of compounds 2-4., figureFileSmall=61ZmhdPStkthX4zre55LTg==, figureFileBig=d155oksHxUHGaz8Br8sauQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088081297805667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057543769940792, language=CN, label=图4, caption=推测的化合物2-4基因簇及生物合成途径, figureFileSmall=61ZmhdPStkthX4zre55LTg==, figureFileBig=d155oksHxUHGaz8Br8sauQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088081381691748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057543769940792, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Reaction system

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Reaction solutionReaction solution volume/μL
Blank controlNegative controlSampleSample background
PBS (0.05 mol/L)4020020
Sample (1 mg/mL)002020
Tyrosinase (100 U/mL)020200
L-dopa (0.01 mol/L)160160160160
Total volume200200200200
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反应体系

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Reaction solutionReaction solution volume/μL
Blank controlNegative controlSampleSample background
PBS (0.05 mol/L)4020020
Sample (1 mg/mL)002020
Tyrosinase (100 U/mL)020200
L-dopa (0.01 mol/L)160160160160
Total volume200200200200
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The 1H NMR (700 MHz) and 13C NMR (175 MHz) data of compound 1 in DMSO-d6

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.δH, mult (J in Hz)δC, typeCOSYHMBC (H to C)
1138.6, C
26.08, d (2.1)108.9, CHH-4C-3, C-4, C-6, C-12
3158.9, C
46.13, d (2.1)100.5, CHH-2C-2, C-5, C-6, C-7
5157.0, C
6115.5, C
7168.4, C
8 NH8.26, d (7.7)H-9C-7, C-9, C-10, C-11
94.65, ddd (9.7, 7.7, 3.2)52.2, CHH-8, H-11a, H-11bC-7, C-10, C-11
10172.6, C
11a3.07, dd (13.3, 9.7)39.8, CH2H-9, H-11bC-9, C-11
11b3.24, dd (13.3, 3.2)H-9, H-11aC-9, C-11
122.20, s20.6, CH3C-1, C-2, C-6
10-COOH9.43, br s
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化合物11H13C NMR数据(DMSO-d6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.δH, mult (J in Hz)δC, typeCOSYHMBC (H to C)
1138.6, C
26.08, d (2.1)108.9, CHH-4C-3, C-4, C-6, C-12
3158.9, C
46.13, d (2.1)100.5, CHH-2C-2, C-5, C-6, C-7
5157.0, C
6115.5, C
7168.4, C
8 NH8.26, d (7.7)H-9C-7, C-9, C-10, C-11
94.65, ddd (9.7, 7.7, 3.2)52.2, CHH-8, H-11a, H-11bC-7, C-10, C-11
10172.6, C
11a3.07, dd (13.3, 9.7)39.8, CH2H-9, H-11bC-9, C-11
11b3.24, dd (13.3, 3.2)H-9, H-11aC-9, C-11
122.20, s20.6, CH3C-1, C-2, C-6
10-COOH9.43, br s
), ArticleFig(id=1274088081817899368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057543769940792, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The antibacterial activities of compounds 1-4 (d, mm)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compounds

E. coli

ATCC 25922

A. baumannii

ATCC 19606

S. aureus

ATCC 29213

MRSA

ATCC 43300

B. subtilis

1064

M. luteus

SCSIO ML01

1------
2--108--
3------
4------
Ciprofloxacin242121212219
), ArticleFig(id=1274088081889202537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057543769940792, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

化合物1-4的抑菌活性结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compounds

E. coli

ATCC 25922

A. baumannii

ATCC 19606

S. aureus

ATCC 29213

MRSA

ATCC 43300

B. subtilis

1064

M. luteus

SCSIO ML01

1------
2--108--
3------
4------
Ciprofloxacin242121212219
), ArticleFig(id=1274088081977282922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057543769940792, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Tyrosinase inhibition activities of compounds 1 and 2 (OD475)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemCompound 1Compound 2Positive controlNegative controlBlank control
A0.15±0.0100.18±0.0070.07±0.0030.30±0.0080.05±0.001
A00.05±0.0020.05±0.0040.04±0.001--
), ArticleFig(id=1274088082065363307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057543769940792, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

化合物12的酪氨酸酶抑制活性检测数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemCompound 1Compound 2Positive controlNegative controlBlank control
A0.15±0.0100.18±0.0070.07±0.0030.30±0.0080.05±0.001
A00.05±0.0020.05±0.0040.04±0.001--
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深海来源篮状菌SCSIO 40439中苔色酰半胱氨酸二聚体dioscysmycine A及聚酮化合物分离鉴定与活性筛选
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尹苗苗 1, 2 , 丁雪敏 2, 3 , 周天宇 2, 3 , 刘小玉 2, 3 , 张长生 2, 3 , 姜明国 1 , 张文军 2, 3
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(6): 2988-3001
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026, 66(6): 2988-3001
深海来源篮状菌SCSIO 40439中苔色酰半胱氨酸二聚体dioscysmycine A及聚酮化合物分离鉴定与活性筛选
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尹苗苗1, 2, 丁雪敏2, 3, 周天宇2, 3, 刘小玉2, 3, 张长生2, 3, 姜明国1 , 张文军2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.广西民族大学 海洋与生物技术学院,广西多糖材料与改性重点实验室,广西-印尼微生物资源智能挖掘联合实验室,广西 南宁
  • 2.中国科学院南海海洋研究所,热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室,热带海洋生物资源与生态实验室,广东省海洋药物重点实验室,广东 广州
  • 3.中国科学院大学,北京
Isolation, identification, and bioactivity screening of dioscysmycine A and polyketones from the deep-sea-derived fungus Talaromycesmuroii SCSIO 40439
Miaomiao YIN1, 2, Xuemin DING2, 3, Tianyu ZHOU2, 3, Xiaoyu LIU2, 3, Changsheng ZHANG2, 3, Mingguo JIANG1 , Wenjun ZHANG2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Modification, Guangxi-Indonesia Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Mining of Microbial Resources, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
  • 3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
出版时间: 2026-06-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260110
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目的 对深海来源篮状菌(Talaromyces muroii) SCSIO 40439的次级代谢产物进行分离鉴定,并评估其生物活性。 方法 采用大米固体培养基进行发酵,运用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、半制备高效液相色谱(HPLC)等色谱技术对萃取物进行分离纯化。通过正离子高分辨电喷雾质谱(high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrum, HRESIMS)、核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR)及X-射线单晶衍射等波谱方法,并结合文献数据比对鉴定化合物结构。采用滤纸片扩散法评估抗菌活性,通过多巴速率氧化法测定化合物12的酪氨酸酶抑制活性。 结果T. muroii发酵产物中分离得到4个化合物,包括1个新的苔色酰半胱氨酸二聚体dioscysmycine A (1)和3个已知的聚酮化合物alternariol (2)、altenusin (3)、3′-hydroxyalternariol 5-O-methyl ether (4)。化合物1对酪氨酸酶具有抑制活性,抑制率为58% (阳性对照曲酸的抑制率为90%);化合物2对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus) ATCC 29213和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) ATCC 43300具有生长抑制活性。 结论 本研究丰富了篮状菌属真菌次级代谢产物的结构多样性,发现了1个潜在的酪氨酸酶抑制剂候选分子;同时,本研究也为聚酮来源化合物alternariol的生物合成研究提供了新的基因簇信息。

深海来源篮状菌属  /  苔色酰半胱氨酸二聚体  /  酪氨酸酶抑制活性

Objective To isolate and identify secondary metabolites from the deep-sea-derived fungus Talaromyces muroii SCSIO 40439 and evaluate their biological activities. Methods The strain SCSIO 40439 was fermented on a rice medium. The resulting extract was subjected to silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20 column, and semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain compounds. Structure elucidation was performed via high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrum (HRESIMS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray crystal diffraction and comparison with literature data. Antimicrobial activity was assessed through the filter paper disk diffusion method, while tyrosinase inhibitory activity was measured based on the rate of dopamine oxidation. Results Four compounds were isolated from the fermentation extract of T. muroii SCSIO 40439, including a new orsellinic acid-cysteine dimer dioscysmycine A (1) and three known polyketides: alternariol (2), altenusin (3), and 3′-hydroxyalternariol 5-O-methyl ether (4). Compound 1 exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an inhibition rate of 58% (the positive control, kojic acid, showed an inhibition rate of 90%). Compound 2 inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300. Conclusion This study expands the known structural diversity of secondary metabolites of Talaromyces and identified a candidate inhibitor for tyrosinase. Furthermore, the findings provide a new biosynthetic gene cluster of alternariol.

deep-sea-derived Talaromyces  /  orsellinic acid-cysteine dimer  /  tyrosinase inhibitory activity
尹苗苗, 丁雪敏, 周天宇, 刘小玉, 张长生, 姜明国, 张文军. 深海来源篮状菌SCSIO 40439中苔色酰半胱氨酸二聚体dioscysmycine A及聚酮化合物分离鉴定与活性筛选. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (6) : 2988 -3001 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260110
Miaomiao YIN, Xuemin DING, Tianyu ZHOU, Xiaoyu LIU, Changsheng ZHANG, Mingguo JIANG, Wenjun ZHANG. Isolation, identification, and bioactivity screening of dioscysmycine A and polyketones from the deep-sea-derived fungus Talaromycesmuroii SCSIO 40439[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (6) : 2988 -3001 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260110
海洋来源真菌因其独特的生存环境,演化出与陆生微生物迥异的代谢途径,是挖掘结构新颖、活性多样的天然产物的重要宝库[1-3]。近年来,科学家从海洋来源真菌中发现了一系列结构新颖、活性多样的化合物。例如,从青霉菌属真菌(Penicillium sp.) SCSIO 41512中获得多环混元萜类化合物penicimeroterpenoids[4];从梅花状青霉菌(Penicillium herquei) GZU-31-6中分离得到具有降脂作用的混元萜类化合物penihemeroterpenoids[5];通过高效液相色谱-紫外(high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet, HPLC-UV)导向分离,从海洋散囊菌(Eurotium sp.) SCSIO F452中鉴定出新颖异喹啉衍生物对映体[6];从拟轮枝镰孢菌(Fusarium verticillioides) G102中分离得到能促进Huh-7细胞胆固醇外排的20元环大环内酯类化合物fusarolides,该类化合物具有吡喃-大环内酯杂合结构及复杂的立体中心[7]。本课题组在海洋真菌次级代谢产物研究中也发现多种新结构化合物,如从麦迪霉属真菌(Medicopsis sp.) SCSIO 40440中鉴定出抗香蕉枯萎菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Foc) tropical race 4 (TR4)活性的十氢萘酸类化合物MK8383s[8];从白色侧齿霉属真菌(Parengyodontium album) SCSIO 40430中获得具有抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) shhs-A1和结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis) H37Ra活性的苯并吡喃酮类化合物phomalichenones[9];以及从海洋曲霉属真菌(Aspergillus sp.) SCSIO 40435中分离得到活性优于母核的非典型脂肽类化合物lipounguisins[10]
篮状菌属(Talaromyces)真菌在海洋天然产物研究中备受关注。据统计,自2016年以来,已从不同海洋生境来源的篮状菌属中分离鉴定出500多个活性次级代谢产物,其中约45%为新化合物[11-12]。代表性研究包括:从海绵来源的篮状菌(Talaromyces siglerae) F13D0211中分离得到新颖的环七肽talaromides A-C,talaromides A和B具有抑制PANC-1胰腺癌细胞迁移的活性[13];从珊瑚来源篮状菌(Talaromyces sp.) TJ403-AL05中分离得到的duclauxin类似物taladuxins A-N,该类结构对拟南芥4-羟基苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶有中等抑制活性[14];以及从红树林内生篮状菌(Talaromyces sp.) JNQQJ-4中分离得到新颖的3,5-二甲基苔藓酸来源的杂萜类化合物talaromeroterpenoids A-G[15]
在前期研究中,从一株深海沉积物(水深3 997 m)来源的篮状菌(Talaromyces muroii) SCSIO 40439中发现了C-16位为β甲基取代的结构独特的细胞松弛素类化合物talacharasins[16]。考虑到该菌株展现出独特的代谢潜力,为进一步挖掘其化学多样性,本研究对该菌株进行了扩大培养,并从其次级代谢产物中分离鉴定出新颖的聚酮-非核糖体肽(polyketide synthase-non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, PKS-NRP)杂合二聚体dioscysmycine A (1)以及3个已知的聚酮类化合物(2-4) (图1),此类PKS-NRPS杂合类二聚体在自然界中较为罕见,本研究重点报道上述化合物的分离鉴定、生物合成途径推导及生物活性评价。
本研究所用菌株SCSIO 40439于2019年7月从南海(17°82.99′N,116°76.60′E,水深3 997 m)采集的海底沉积物样品中分离得到,ITS测序鉴定为篮状菌属(T. muroii)[16]
大米培养基(g/L):大米660.0,海盐19.7。燕麦培养基(g/L):燕麦600.0,海盐36.0。PDA海盐培养基(g/L):马铃薯葡萄糖水24.0,琼脂粉20.0,海盐30.0。PDB海盐培养基(g/L):马铃薯葡萄糖水24.0,海盐30.0。ME固体培养基(g/L):麦芽提取物20.0,海盐30.0,琼脂粉20.0。PDA培养基(g/L):马铃薯葡萄糖水24.0,琼脂粉20.0。LB培养基(g/L):胰蛋白胨10.0,酵母浸粉5.0,NaCl 10.0;LB固体培养基额外添加20 g/L琼脂粉)。
测试病原菌包括金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus) ATCC 29213、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) ATCC 25922、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) 1064、鲍曼不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii) ATCC 19606、藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus) SCSIO ML01、耐甲氧西林(methicillin-resistant)金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus) MRSA ATCC 43300等6株细菌,以及尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum) SCSIO IF01、茄链格孢菌(Alternaria solani) SCSIO IF10、胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) SCSIO IF08、胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) SCSIO IF14、苹果黑腐皮壳菌(Valsa mali) SCSIO IF13和棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum) SCSIO IF04等6株植物病原真菌。以上指示菌株均来源于实验室保藏菌株。
L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)、D-半胱氨酸(D-Cys)、色谱纯乙腈,北京百灵威科技有限公司;左旋多巴(L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, L-dopa),上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;酪氨酸酶,上海吉至生化科技有限公司;曲酸,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司。
超导核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR)、高分辨飞行时间质谱,Bruker公司;旋光光谱仪,Anton Paar公司;紫外光谱仪、红外光谱仪,Shimadzu公司;多功能酶标仪,PerkinElmer公司;反相硅胶色谱填料,YMC公司;高效液相色谱仪,Agilent公司;半制备高效液相色谱仪,日立公司;色谱柱,Phenomenex公司。
菌株T. muroii SCSIO 40439发酵种子液培养:将该菌株接种于50 mL含海盐的PDB培养基,置于28 ℃、200 r/min条件下振荡培养2 d,以10%的接种量分别转接至ME、大米和燕麦3种固体培养基表面,于静置状态下培养30 d。发酵完成后收获菌丝体,加入等体积丁酮进行浸泡萃取,萃取液经减压浓缩获得粗提物,以甲醇复溶后进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测分析。通过对比不同培养基发酵产物的HPLC色谱图,评估其次级代谢产物的多样性及含量,筛选出产物丰富度与产量均较优的培养基用于后续扩大发酵。
大发酵种子液培养:将菌株SCSIO 40439接种于50 mL含海盐的PDB培养基,在28 ℃、200 r/min条件下培养2 d,按20%的接种比例转接至总量为50 kg的大米固体培养基,静置发酵30 d。发酵结束后收集菌丝体,以1:2的体积比加入丙酮进行浸泡提取,该过程重复操作3次,合并提取液后减压浓缩。随后用丁酮对浓缩液萃取3次,经减压浓缩处理得到粗浸膏。
获得的粗浸膏(224 g)首先通过硅胶柱色谱进行分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯:100/0、95/5、90/10、85/15、70/30、50/50、0/100;甲醇:100),基于薄层色谱(thin layer chromatography, TLC)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析结果合并洗脱馏分,共得到8个组分Fr.1-Fr.8。其中Fr.8进一步经硅胶柱色谱,以氯仿/甲醇(100/0、90/10、80/20、70/30、60/40、50/50)梯度洗脱,经TLC及HPLC分析合并后得7个子馏分Fr.8-A-Fr.8-G。子馏分Fr.8-D经半制备液相,以乙腈/水体系(A相:0.08% HCOOH/H2O;B相:CH3CN)等度洗脱(30% B相)得到化合物1 (13 mg)。组分Fr.3经反相中压色谱(octadecylsilyl silica gel, ODS),采用乙腈/水体系(A相:0.08% HCOOH/H2O;B相:CH3CN)梯度洗脱,洗脱得到馏分Fr.3-A-Fr.3-E。其中Fr.3-B经正相硅胶柱色谱,以石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂(100/0、95/5、90/10、85/15、70/30、50/50、0/100)进行梯度洗脱,得到4个馏分Fr.3-B-1-Fr.3-B-4。Fr.3-B-3经半制备液相,以乙腈/水体系(A相:0.08% HCOOH/H2O;B相:CH3CN)等度洗脱(35% B相)分离纯化得到化合物2 (15.8 mg)。Fr.2经LH20凝胶色谱,采用氯仿/甲醇(1:1)体系进行分离,得到8个馏分Fr.2-A-Fr.2-H,其中Fr.2-G经半制备液相,以乙腈/水体系(A相:0.08% HCOOH/H2O;B相:CH3CN)等度洗脱(70% B相)分离纯化得到化合物3 (2.6 mg)和化合物4 (8.3 mg),化合物1-4结构如图1所示。
化合物1-4的抗菌活性采用滤纸片扩散法进行评价[8]。将各化合物溶于二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO),配制成浓度为2.56 mg/mL的储备液,于-20 ℃保存备用。以环丙沙星(1 mg/mL)作为抗细菌阳性对照,制霉菌素(1 mg/mL)作为抗真菌阳性对照,DMSO作为阴性对照。
细菌抗菌活性:将指示细菌菌株接种到LB固体培养基,在37 ℃恒温培养箱中进行活化,挑取单菌落接种至5 mL LB液体培养基中,于37 ℃、200 r/min培养8-10 h。取新鲜菌液按1‰体积分数加入尚未凝固的LB固体培养基中,充分混匀后倾注平板。将无菌滤纸片(d=6 mm)贴到平板表面,滤纸片间隔2 cm,化合物样品与对照组各吸取5 μL加至相应滤纸片上,在37 ℃恒温培养箱中倒置培养16 h,观察菌株生长抑制情况,采用十字交叉法测量抑菌圈直径。
真菌抗菌活性:将指示真菌菌株接种到PDA平板上活化4-5 d,取直径约1 cm的菌饼,接种至PDA平板中央,在距菌饼约2 cm周围等距放置6个无菌滤纸片(d=6 mm),在滤纸片滴加化合物样品与对照样品5 μL,平板于28 ℃恒温培养箱中倒置培养3-4 d,观察真菌生长抑制情况。
根据文献[17]报道的方法对化合物12进行酪氨酸酶抑制活性的初筛。酪氨酸酶干粉用0.05 mol/L pH 6.8的PBS配制为100 U/mL浓度的酶溶液,-20 ℃保存备用。底物L-dopa用0.05 mol/L pH 6.8的PBS溶液配制为0.01 mol/L。样品(化合物1-4和曲酸)用DMSO配制为1 mg/mL浓度。在96孔酶标板中按表1精确吸取空白对照组、阴性对照组、样品组和样品背景组,混匀,30 ℃恒温反应30 min后,于475 nm波长处测定吸光度A,每个样品设置3个平行,取平均值。样品对酪氨酸酶的抑制率计算如公式(1)所示。
抑制率=[1-(ASample-ASample background)/(ANegative control-ABlank control)]×100%
根据ITS测序结果,将菌株SCSIO 40439的序列提交至NCBI数据库进行BLAST比对,选取高相似度序列,运用最大似然法构建系统发育树(图2C)。分析显示,菌株SCSIO 40439的ITS序列与篮状菌(Talaromyces muroii) EU14 (登录号为KU744629.1)的同源性最高,以99.27%的置信度聚集于同一分支。基于上述研究结果,将菌株SCSIO 40439鉴定为T. muroii SCSIO 40439。随后使用大米、燕麦和ME 3种固体培养基对该菌株进行培养,通过HPLC技术分析各培养条件下代谢产物的化学多样性,依据检测结果最终选择大米培养基进行规模化发酵。
通过大米固体培养基对真菌T. muroii SCSIO 40439放大发酵,从中分离得到4个化合物,包括一个新颖的苔色酰半胱氨酸二聚体dioscysmycine A (1)和3个已知化合物alternariol (2)、altenusin (3)、3′-hydroxyalternariol 5-O-methyl ether (4)。
新化合物1为淡黄色油状物,[α]D25-110.4 (c 0.1, MeOH);UV (MeOH) λmax(log ε): 284 nm (3.6),255.2 (3.9),205.4 (4.7);IR(film) νmax 3 647、2 945、1 606、1 168、1 014 cm-1。正离子高分辨电喷雾质谱(high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrum, HRESIMS)显示准分子离子峰为m/z 541.094 8 [M+H]+ (计算值为541.094 5,C22H25N2O10S2)和563.076 9 [M+Na]+ (计算值为563.076 5,C22H24N2NaO10S2) (图3B),由此推测分子式为C22H24N2O10S2,不饱和度为12。
分析化合物11H谱(图3D表2)显示有1个甲基氢信号(δH 2.20, 3H, s),1个亚甲基氢信号(δH 3.07, 1H, dd, J=13.3, 9.7 Hz; δH 3.24, 1H, dd, J=13.3, 3.2 Hz),一个sp3杂化的次甲基氢信号(δH 4.65, 1H, ddd, J=9.7, 7.7, 3.2 Hz),2个间位偶合的芳香氢信号(δH 6.08, 1H, d, J=2.1 Hz; δH 6.13, 1H, d, J=2.1 Hz),3个活泼氢信号(δH 8.26, 1H, d, J=7.7 Hz; δH 9.43, 1H, s; δH 9.68, 1H, br s)。化合物113C谱(图3E表2)共给出11个碳信号,包括1个甲基碳,1个亚甲基碳、1个sp3杂化的次甲基碳、6个芳香碳信号(包括2个sp2杂化的次甲基碳和4个芳香季碳信号)以及2个酯碳或酰胺碳信号(δC 168.4; δC 172.6),13C谱显示的信号仅为分子式中碳信号的一半,提示化合物1为同源二聚体。
化合物113C碳谱中显示出一组特征性的芳香碳信号,结合1H谱中的芳香氢信号,推测其含有芳环结构单元,进一步通过H3-12到C-1、C-2、C-6,H-2到C-3、C-4、C-6、C-12,及H-4到C-2、C-5、C-6、C-7的异核多键相关(heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, HMBC)确立了苔色酸片段。根据NH-8/H-9/H-11的关联性磁振频谱(correlation spectroscopy, COSY)相关,H-9/H-11/NH-8到C-10的HMBC相关以及化合物1的分子式构建起半胱氨酸片段。由NH-8/H-9到C-7的HMBC相关将苔色酸结构单元和半胱氨酸片段相连(图3A表2),综合考虑分子式,将化合物1确定为苔色酰半胱氨酸杂合的同源二聚体,命名为dioscysmycine A (1)。为验证其二聚体结构,进行了串联质谱(tandem mass spectrometry, MS/MS)分析,在二级质谱中观察到丢失一个苔色酰基的特征碎片离子M1 (m/z 391.063 1 [M1+H]+),以及由二硫键断裂产生的单体碎片离子M2 (m/z 270.043 0 [M2+H]+) (图3C),由此确证了该化合物为二硫键桥连的对称二聚体。为确定化合物1的绝对构型,在相同条件下分别测定了L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)、D-半胱氨酸(D-Cys)以及化合物1的比旋光度。实验结果显示,L-Cys的比旋光度为[α]D25+7.1 (c 0.1, in 1 mol/L HCl);D-Cys的比旋光度为[α]D25-7.5 (c 0.1, in 1 mol/L HCl);化合物1的比旋光度为[α]D25-27.0 (c 0.1, in 1 mol/L HCl),与D-Cys一致,均为负值,由此将其绝对构型归属为9S、9′S
Alternariol (2):无色油状,高分辨电喷雾质谱给出的分子式为C14H10O5 (HRESIMS m/z 257.046 0 [M-H]-,计算值为257.045 5,C14H9O5)。1H NMR (700 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 11.77 (1H, s, OH-3)、7.24 (1H, d, J=2.4, H-6)、6.72 (1H, d, J=2.1, H-4)、6.64 (1H, d, J=2.4, H-12)、6.36 (1H, d, J=2.4, H-10)、3.17 (3H, s, H-14) ppm。13C NMR (175 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 165.5 (C-1)、164.7 (C-3)、164.1 (C-5)、158.5 (C-11)、152.5 (C-9)、138.3 (C-14)、138.1 (C-7)、117.5 (C-12)、109.0 (C-8)、104.5 (C-2)、101.6 (C-10)、101.0 (C-4)、97.2 (C-6)、25.3 (C-14) ppm。波谱数据与文献[18]报道基本一致,因此将化合物2确定为alternariol。
Altenusin (3):白色粉末,高分辨电喷雾质谱给出的分子式为C15H14O6 (HRESIMS m/z 289.072 5 [M-H]-,计算值为289.071 8,C15H13O6)。1H NMR (700 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 6.26 (1H, d, J=2.0, H-4)、5.88 (1H, d, J=2.0, H-6)、6.47 (1H, s, H-12)、6.35 (1H, s, H-9)、1.82 (3H, s, H-14)、3.79 (3H, s, H-15) ppm。13C NMR (175 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 171.7 (C-1)、110.7 (C-2)、161.3 (C-3)、99.4 (C-4)、160.9 (C-5)、107.4 (C-6)、145.4 (C-7)、134.5 (C-8)、115.9 (C-9)、141.8 (C-10)、143.1 (C-11)、116.4 (C-12)、124.9 (C-13)、9.1 (C-14)、54.9 (C-15) ppm。波谱数据与文献[19]报道基本一致,因此将化合物3确定为altenusin。
3′-hydroxyalternariol 5-O-methyl ether(4):白色晶体,高分辨电喷雾质谱给出的分子式为C15H12O6 (HRESIMS m/z 287.056 3 [M-H]-,计算值为287.056 1,C15H11O6)。1H NMR (700 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 6.63 (1H, d, J=1.8, H-4)、7.24 (1H, d, J=1.8, H-6)、6.73 (1H, s, H-12)、2.66 (3H, s, H-14)、3.91 (3H, s, H-15) ppm。13C NMR (175 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 164.6 (C-1)、103.5 (C-2)、166.2 (C-3)、98.3 (C-4)、164.1 (C-5)、99.2 (C-6)、138.5 (C-7)、109.1 (C-8)、141.5 (C-9)、131.2 (C-10)、147.1 (C-11)、116.9 (C-12)、126.4 (C-13)、24.6 (C-14)、55.8 (C-15) ppm。波谱数据与文献[20]报道基本一致,因此将化合物4确定为3′-hydroxyalternariol 5-O-methyl ether。
Alternariol (2)及其衍生物(3-4)属于典型的聚酮类化合物,已知其骨架由1个乙酰辅酶A和6个丙二酰辅酶A单元经聚酮合酶催化形成[21-22]。通过对T. muroii SCSIO 40439全基因组(antibiotics secondary metabolite analysis shell)AntiSMASH分析[1],在Scaffold 58.1上定位到一个可能负责alternariol生物合成的基因簇,该簇包含非还原型聚酮合酶基因(orf9)、氧甲基转移酶基因(orf8)、羟化酶基因(orf7)、硫脂酶基因(orf2)及转运蛋白基因(orf11)。经2ndFind注释及BLASTp分析比对,发现orf9编码的非还原型聚酮合酶(non-reducing polyketide synthase, NR-PKS)与小麦颖枯菌(Parastagonospora nodorum)中负责合成alternariol (2)的Pks19相似性为75% (覆盖度100%)[23]orf9基因全长5 202 bp,编码1 733个氨基酸,为典型的NR-PKS,包含起始酰基转移酶结构域(starter unit acyltransferase domain, SAT)、酮酰基合酶(ketosynthase, KS)、酰基转移酶(acyltransferase, AT)和酰基载体蛋白(acyl carrier protein, ACP)等基本结构域,考虑到Orf9的结构域特征及与Pks19的相似性,初步推测该58.1基因簇负责菌株中alternariol的生物合成(图4)。
根据上述基因分析结合文献[22],推测2-4的合成途径如下:Orf9催化前体单元缩合生成7酮中间体M1,M1经C-2/C-7及C-8/C-13间的醛醇缩合环化形成M2,随后由硫脂酶Orf2催化内酯化反应生成化合物2[21,24-26];化合物2进一步经甲基化酶Orf8和羟基化酶Orf7作用转化为化合物4,甲基化与羟基化反应顺序可能存在互换。另一方面,M1也可能在短链脱氧酶(short-chain dehydrogenases, SDR)的作用下将C-9酮基还原为羟基,继而经羟醛缩合、脱水和甲基化等步骤生成化合物3[2,25]。由于基因簇内未注释到SDR,推测该还原步骤由簇外基因催化(图4)。
采用滤纸片法评估了化合物1-4的抗菌活性。供试菌株包括金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus) ATCC 29213、大肠杆菌(E. coli) ATCC 25922、枯草芽孢杆菌(B. subtilis) 1064、鲍曼不动杆菌(A. baumannii) ATCC 19606、藤黄微球菌(M. luteus) SCSIO ML01、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌MRSA ATCC 43300;以及6株植物致病真菌:尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum) SCSIO IF01、茄链格孢菌(A. solani) SCSIO IF10、胶孢炭疽菌C. gloeosporioides) SCSIO IF08、胶孢炭疽菌(C. gloeosporioides) SCSIO IF14、苹果黑腐皮壳菌(V. mali) SCSIO IF13和棉花枯萎病菌(F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum) SCSIO IF04。
抗菌活性测定结果如表3所示。化合物134对供试的6株细菌和6株真菌均未表现出抑制活性。化合物2对革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus) ATCC 29213和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌MRSA ATCC 43300有生长抑制活性,抑菌圈直径分别为10 mm (阳性对照为d=22 mm,滤纸片d=6 mm)和8 mm (阳性对照为d=21 mm,滤纸片d=6 mm),显著弱于阳性对照环丙沙星;所有化合物对真菌均无抑制活性。
初步评价了化合物12在1 mg/mL浓度下的酪氨酸酶抑制活性,实验数据如表4所示,根据抑制率计算公式得到化合物1对酪氨酸酶的抑制率为58%,化合物2对酪氨酸酶的抑制率为49%,阳性对照曲酸对酪氨酸酶的抑制率为90%。
篮状菌属真菌次级代谢产物具有丰富的化学多样性,包括生物碱、杂萜、异香豆素、蒽醌、氧杂蒽酮、苯并呋喃、肽类、萜类、氮杂酚及其他聚酮类等结构类型,这些天然产物表现出抗细菌、抗炎等多种生物活性,在药物先导化合物发现中显示出重要潜力[12,27]。本研究首次发现苔色酰半胱氨酸杂合形成的同源二聚体dioscysmycine A (1),丰富了该属化合物的结构类型。目前含有二硫键的天然产物主要集中于多硫二酮哌嗪类化合物[28-29],化合物1的发现增加了含二硫键化合物的结构类型,有关它的合成机制在进一步研究中。
在活性筛选中,发现化合物1对酪氨酸酶(tyrosinase)有抑制活性。酪氨酸酶的过度表达与雀斑、黄褐斑等相关[30],因此寻找高效低毒的天然酪氨酸酶抑制剂对于皮肤美白产品开发具有重要的应用价值。化合物1作为新型苯甲酰半胱氨酸二聚体,有望为酪氨酸酶抑制剂的研发提供一个潜在的先导化合物。
Alternariols属于多环芳烃类聚酮化合物,是常见的霉菌毒素,可污染粮食、水果和蔬菜等农产品,长期摄入可能对人体健康造成潜在风险[31]。有关这类化合物的生物合成途径虽然有较多报道,但关于内酯环的形成机制还不明确[22,25-26]。本研究提供了一个新的alternariols生物合成基因簇,为其合成途径的阐明提供了新的研究对象。
综上所述,本研究通过化学多样性分析,从深海来源真菌T. muroii SCSIO 40439中鉴定了4个聚酮/非核糖体肽化合物(1-4),其中化合物dioscysmycine A (1)为首次报道的新颖的苔色酰半胱氨酸杂合形成的同源二聚体;同时定位了alternariols的生物合成基因簇,推导了它的合成途径;进一步分析了4个化合物的抗细菌/真菌活性以及化合物12的酪氨酸酶抑制活性,化合物1显示有酪氨酸酶抑制活性,提示其作为先导化合物的潜力,为后续实用开发提供基础,同时为酪氨酸酶活性抑制机理提供研究思路。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42176127)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32460009)
  • 广东省自然科学基金(2024A1515011056)
  • the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(AA18242026)
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2026年第66卷第6期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260110
  • 接收时间:2026-02-05
  • 首发时间:2026-06-17
  • 出版时间:2026-06-04
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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-05
  • 录用日期:2026-03-16
基金
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176127)
国家自然科学基金(42176127)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460009)
国家自然科学基金(32460009)
the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515011056)
广东省自然科学基金(2024A1515011056)
the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(AA18242026)
作者信息
    1.广西民族大学 海洋与生物技术学院,广西多糖材料与改性重点实验室,广西-印尼微生物资源智能挖掘联合实验室,广西 南宁
    2.中国科学院南海海洋研究所,热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室,热带海洋生物资源与生态实验室,广东省海洋药物重点实验室,广东 广州
    3.中国科学院大学,北京
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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