Article(id=1274057441357619370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250773, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1760371200000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1765468800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-12-12, onlineDate=1781688564862, onlineDateStr=2026-06-17, pubDate=1780502400000, pubDateStr=2026-06-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781688564862, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781688564862, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781688564862, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1274057338156769818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='6', pageStart='2561', pageEnd='3114', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781688540257, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781688602467, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1274057599193486082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1274057599193486083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2727, endPage=2744, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1274057443165364396, articleId=1274057441357619370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulate the community composition and diversity of root endophytic bacteria in tobacco cultivated in barren soil, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Soil degradation represents a major constraint to sustainable agricultural production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as pivotal rhizosphere symbionts, play a crucial role in promoting host plant growth and remodeling microbial communities. Objective This study elucidated the regulatory impacts of AMF inoculation on tobacco growth, as well as the structure, interaction network, and metabolic functions of the endophytic bacterial community in the roots of tobacco cultivated in barren soil. The aim is to provide theoretical support for leveraging AMF to optimize plant-microbe interactions and enhance crop adaptation to nutrient-poor environments. Methods A pot experiment was conducted in combination with Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The root endophytic bacterial community was systematically investigated via microbial co-occurrence network analysis, functional prediction, and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results AMF inoculation significantly enhanced tobacco growth, increasing the shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, plant height, and root length by 118.4%, 157.6%, 78.6%, and 73.4%, respectively. Although AMF inoculation significantly reduced the species richness and diversity of the endophytic bacterial community, it markedly reshaped the community composition by enriching specific taxa (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria). This restructuring resulted in a more compact, positive interaction-dominated co-occurrence network, in which ASV149 (belonging to the genus Steroidobacter) was identified as a keystone taxon. Functionally, AMF inoculation significantly upregulated key metabolic pathways, including cell growth and death, xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. SEM further confirmed that bacterial richness and diversity were the major drivers shaping the network structure. Conclusion In barren soil, AMF not only directly promotes tobacco growth but also enhances the stability of the root microecosystem and the tobacco adaptability to barren soil by restructuring the root endophytic bacterial community. From the perspective of the “plant-AMF-endophytic bacteria” tripartite interaction, this study deepens the insight into the intrinsic mechanisms underlying microbial synergism in enhancing plant environmental adaptability.

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E-mail: CHEN Jin,
LI Xiaoyu,
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土壤退化严重制约农业可持续发展。丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)作为关键的根际共生真菌,在促进寄主植物生长和菌群重塑等方面发挥重要作用。 目的 阐明在贫瘠土壤条件下,接种AMF对烟草生长及其根系内生细菌群落结构、互作网络与代谢功能的调节作用,为利用AMF优化植物-微生物互作、提升作物对贫瘠生境的适应能力提供理论支撑。 方法 通过盆栽试验,结合Illumina MiSeq高通量测序,运用微生物共现网络分析、功能预测及结构方程模型(structural equation modeling, SEM)进行系统解析。 结果 接种AMF后,烟草地上部鲜重、根鲜重、株高和根长分别增加118.4%、157.6%、78.6%和73.4%。虽然接种显著降低了群落的物种丰富度与多样性,但通过富集γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)等类群重塑了群落结构,构建了更为紧密且以正向互作为主的共现网络;其中类固醇杆菌属(Steroidobacter) ASV149被鉴定为核心关键类群。功能预测显示,接种AMF显著提升了细胞生长与死亡、异种生物降解与代谢、氨基酸代谢及脂质代谢等关键通路;结构方程模型进一步证实细菌多样性和丰富度是驱动网络结构的主要因素。 结论 在贫瘠土壤中,AMF不仅直接促进烟草生长,更能通过重塑群落结构提升根部微生态稳定性,从而增强烟草在贫瘠土壤中的适应能力。本研究从“植物-AMF-内生细菌”三元互作的视角深化了对微生物协同增强植物环境适应性的理解。

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作者贡献声明

丁明碧:撰写文章、数据收集与监管、软件程序、完成呈现;曹高雪:数据收集与监管、执行调研;张晴:数据分析、软件程序;孙丽雪、汪伯晏、程齐修:数据收集与监管;陈金:提出概念、获取基金、方法论、项目管理、提供资源;李晓玉:获取基金、方法论、项目管理、提供资源、监督管理、验证。

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Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2021, 162: 108422., articleTitle=Microbial necromass as the source of soil organic carbon in global ecosystems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1274088015333937651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=379, issue=null, pageStart=109371, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=67, authorNames=Hu XJ, Liu JJ, Liang AZ, Gu HD, Liu ZX, Jin J, Wang GH, journalName=Agriculture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu XJ, Liu JJ, Liang AZ, Gu HD, Liu ZX, Jin J, Wang GH. Soil metagenomics reveals reduced tillage improves soil functional profiles of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling in bulk and rhizosphere soils[J]. 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Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2024, 208: 108479., articleTitle=Study the yield and quality of bitter gourd fruit (Momordica charantia) in inoculation with two species of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilizer under different irrigation regimes, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1274088006970495405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, awardId=2023YFD1901000, language=EN, fundingSource=the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1901000), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1274088007025021358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, awardId=2023YFD1901000, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1901000), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1274087992319791449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274087992328180058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, companyId=1274087992319791449, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274087992336568667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, companyId=1274087992319791449, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.安徽农业大学 生命科学学院,安徽 合肥)]), AuthorCompany(id=1274087992416260444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274087992428843357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, companyId=1274087992416260444, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, Hefei, Anhui, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274087992437231966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, companyId=1274087992416260444, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.作物抗逆育种与减灾国家地方联合工程实验室,安徽 合肥)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1274088005636706717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Analysis of plant growth and soil indicators in different treatments. A: Fresh shoot weight; B: Plant height; C: AMF colonization rate; D: Fresh root weight; E: Root length; F: Soil spore density. Error bars represent mean±SD. *, **, ***, and **** indicate P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001, and P<0.000 1, respectively. Each treatment included three biological replicates (n=3)., figureFileSmall=zAZAZbq5ogX1v+qVBFmsmw==, figureFileBig=BBTpqSa1CdSXe7oS/kTubg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088005733175710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同处理组植物生长及土壤指标分析, figureFileSmall=zAZAZbq5ogX1v+qVBFmsmw==, figureFileBig=BBTpqSa1CdSXe7oS/kTubg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088005825450399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Phylogenetic tree of the top 78 endophytic bacterial genera. From the inner to the outer rings of the circular diagram: the first ring displays the phylogenetic tree constructed based on amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), where the branch colors represent the phylum-level taxonomy of each node (see the legend for details); The second ring (bar plot) illustrates the relative abundance of each ASV across different samples, with the bar height indicating abundance levels; The third ring (taxonomic annotation) shows the genus name corresponding to each ASV and its affiliated phylum in the outermost labels., figureFileSmall=lY9L5phU4HZWSwN/3IEbEg==, figureFileBig=Hqon9MoJ/oGIknO58SDIbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088005892559264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=CN, label=图2, caption=78个内生细菌属系统发育树, figureFileSmall=lY9L5phU4HZWSwN/3IEbEg==, figureFileBig=Hqon9MoJ/oGIknO58SDIbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088005963862433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=The variations in the root endophytic bacteria community alpha diversities between two treatments. A: Chao1 richness index; B: Simpson evenness index; C: Shannon diversity index. Error bars represent mean±SD. * indicate P<0.05; All P-values were determined via the Wilcoxon rank-sum test., figureFileSmall=leUl+yydUyEVlQpd2A3Qxg==, figureFileBig=fgT4dTMnCEZOJdFkxS0unQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088006056137122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=CN, label=图3, caption=两种处理间烟草根系内生细菌群落的α多样性差异, figureFileSmall=leUl+yydUyEVlQpd2A3Qxg==, figureFileBig=fgT4dTMnCEZOJdFkxS0unQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088006131634595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Evolutionary cladogram of LEfSe differentially enriched taxa in tobacco root endophytic bacterial community. A: Labels taxa with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores greater than the set threshold of 4.0 (Purple bars represent the -AMF group, yellow bars represent the +AMF group, and the length of the bars represents the magnitude of the LDA effect size); B: Evolutionary cladogram of differentially enriched bacterial taxa in tobacco root endophytic community. The dots from the inside out represent taxonomic units at the kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels in sequence; The diameter of the dots is positively correlated with the abundance of the corresponding taxa, and branches and dots in different colors (Purple for -AMF group, yellow for +AMF group) represent differentially enriched taxa in each group., figureFileSmall=AGD/TeqI1MkrQ/5ToCdYKw==, figureFileBig=n0a7nTuwWjuDFcuw1dD6Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088006207132068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=CN, label=图4, caption=烟草根系内生细菌群落LEfSe差异富集类群进化分支图, figureFileSmall=AGD/TeqI1MkrQ/5ToCdYKw==, figureFileBig=n0a7nTuwWjuDFcuw1dD6Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088006270046629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Co-occurrence network of endophytic bacteria in tobacco roots. A, B: Visualization of structured networks under -AMF and +AMF treatments (Different colors represent different phyla, and node size is positively correlated with the number of connections); C, D: Scatter plots of node topological roles under -AMF and +AMF treatments, with thresholds for Zi and Pi set at 2.5 and 0.62, respectively., figureFileSmall=ua+h6Q4CNVeGyrgtC+I1Ag==, figureFileBig=uMVdd0g9cEn6gjwnj6c2cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088006341349798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=CN, label=图5, caption=烟草根系内生细菌共现网络, figureFileSmall=ua+h6Q4CNVeGyrgtC+I1Ag==, figureFileBig=uMVdd0g9cEn6gjwnj6c2cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088006412652967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Functional prediction of endophytic bacteria in tobacco roots. A: Functional prediction of endophytic bacteria in tobacco roots using PICRUSt2 (at KEGG level 2); B: Functional prediction of endophytic bacteria in tobacco roots using FAPROTAX [The error bars in the figure represent the standard deviations of repeated samples, and the dots indicate 95% confidence intervals; The left area shows the average proportion (%) of different functions of endophytic bacteria in each group, the middle area reflects the average proportion difference (%) of corresponding functions between groups, and the values on the right are P-values calculated by Welch’s t-test, which are used to determine the statistical significance of functional differences between groups]., figureFileSmall=97o7Lf2KYSW8+nG/FKhntA==, figureFileBig=wkbyptqkZnYEVXG4fWeJnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088006521704872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=CN, label=图6, caption=烟草根系内生细菌功能预测, figureFileSmall=97o7Lf2KYSW8+nG/FKhntA==, figureFileBig=wkbyptqkZnYEVXG4fWeJnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088006609785257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Relationships between soil enzyme activity properties and endophytic bacterial network structure in tobacco roots. A: Structural equation model (Boxes indicate measured variables, while single-head arrows mean directional relationships. The number on the side of the arrows represents the standardized path coefficient, revealing the interactive strength of two factors. Coefficients for significant positive and negative paths are shown with red and blue lines, respectively. Black thin lines indicate a non-significant effect. *** indicate P<0.001); B: The height of the bar chart indicates the degree of the standardized total effects. SOD: Superoxide dismutase; CAT: Catalase; MDA: Malondialdehyde., figureFileSmall=8giN/ntQsZZ+sv5bcuzYiw==, figureFileBig=JfFSq6FaRFjbXK39G1BPLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088006676894122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=CN, label=图7, caption=烟草根系土壤酶活性特征与内生细菌网络结构的关系, figureFileSmall=8giN/ntQsZZ+sv5bcuzYiw==, figureFileBig=JfFSq6FaRFjbXK39G1BPLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088006739808683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Topological properties of endophytic bacterial co-occurrence networks

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Treatment-AMF+AMF
Total nodes3828
Total links318209
R2 of power law0.0020.510
P/N ratio0.7470.771
Avg path length (GD)1.5991.566
Avg connectivity (avgK)16.73714.929
Avg clustering coefficient (avgCC)0.7160.805
Modularity0.3030.151
Avg path length of random networks1.548±0.0011.458±0.005
Avg CC of random networks0.273±0.0340.395±0.036
Avg modularity of random networks0.121±0.0120.083±0.012
), ArticleFig(id=1274088006806917548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057441357619370, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

内生细菌共现网络拓扑属性表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Treatment-AMF+AMF
Total nodes3828
Total links318209
R2 of power law0.0020.510
P/N ratio0.7470.771
Avg path length (GD)1.5991.566
Avg connectivity (avgK)16.73714.929
Avg clustering coefficient (avgCC)0.7160.805
Modularity0.3030.151
Avg path length of random networks1.548±0.0011.458±0.005
Avg CC of random networks0.273±0.0340.395±0.036
Avg modularity of random networks0.121±0.0120.083±0.012
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贫瘠土壤中丛枝菌根真菌对烟草内生细菌群落组成及多样性的影响
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丁明碧 1, 2 , 曹高雪 1, 2 , 张晴 1, 2 , 孙丽雪 1, 2 , 汪伯晏 1, 2 , 程齐修 1, 2 , 陈金 1, 2 , 李晓玉 1, 2
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(6): 2727-2744
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026, 66(6): 2727-2744
贫瘠土壤中丛枝菌根真菌对烟草内生细菌群落组成及多样性的影响
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丁明碧1, 2, 曹高雪1, 2, 张晴1, 2, 孙丽雪1, 2, 汪伯晏1, 2, 程齐修1, 2, 陈金1, 2 , 李晓玉1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.安徽农业大学 生命科学学院,安徽 合肥
  • 2.作物抗逆育种与减灾国家地方联合工程实验室,安徽 合肥
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulate the community composition and diversity of root endophytic bacteria in tobacco cultivated in barren soil
Mingbi DING1, 2, Gaoxue CAO1, 2, Qing ZHANG1, 2, Lixue SUN1, 2, Boyan WANG1, 2, Qixiu CHENG1, 2, Jin CHEN1, 2 , Xiaoyu LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
  • 2.National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, Hefei, Anhui, China
出版时间: 2026-06-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250773
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土壤退化严重制约农业可持续发展。丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)作为关键的根际共生真菌,在促进寄主植物生长和菌群重塑等方面发挥重要作用。 目的 阐明在贫瘠土壤条件下,接种AMF对烟草生长及其根系内生细菌群落结构、互作网络与代谢功能的调节作用,为利用AMF优化植物-微生物互作、提升作物对贫瘠生境的适应能力提供理论支撑。 方法 通过盆栽试验,结合Illumina MiSeq高通量测序,运用微生物共现网络分析、功能预测及结构方程模型(structural equation modeling, SEM)进行系统解析。 结果 接种AMF后,烟草地上部鲜重、根鲜重、株高和根长分别增加118.4%、157.6%、78.6%和73.4%。虽然接种显著降低了群落的物种丰富度与多样性,但通过富集γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)等类群重塑了群落结构,构建了更为紧密且以正向互作为主的共现网络;其中类固醇杆菌属(Steroidobacter) ASV149被鉴定为核心关键类群。功能预测显示,接种AMF显著提升了细胞生长与死亡、异种生物降解与代谢、氨基酸代谢及脂质代谢等关键通路;结构方程模型进一步证实细菌多样性和丰富度是驱动网络结构的主要因素。 结论 在贫瘠土壤中,AMF不仅直接促进烟草生长,更能通过重塑群落结构提升根部微生态稳定性,从而增强烟草在贫瘠土壤中的适应能力。本研究从“植物-AMF-内生细菌”三元互作的视角深化了对微生物协同增强植物环境适应性的理解。

贫瘠土壤  /  丛枝菌根真菌  /  内生细菌群落  /  烟草  /  微生物共现网络  /  功能预测

Soil degradation represents a major constraint to sustainable agricultural production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as pivotal rhizosphere symbionts, play a crucial role in promoting host plant growth and remodeling microbial communities. Objective This study elucidated the regulatory impacts of AMF inoculation on tobacco growth, as well as the structure, interaction network, and metabolic functions of the endophytic bacterial community in the roots of tobacco cultivated in barren soil. The aim is to provide theoretical support for leveraging AMF to optimize plant-microbe interactions and enhance crop adaptation to nutrient-poor environments. Methods A pot experiment was conducted in combination with Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The root endophytic bacterial community was systematically investigated via microbial co-occurrence network analysis, functional prediction, and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results AMF inoculation significantly enhanced tobacco growth, increasing the shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, plant height, and root length by 118.4%, 157.6%, 78.6%, and 73.4%, respectively. Although AMF inoculation significantly reduced the species richness and diversity of the endophytic bacterial community, it markedly reshaped the community composition by enriching specific taxa (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria). This restructuring resulted in a more compact, positive interaction-dominated co-occurrence network, in which ASV149 (belonging to the genus Steroidobacter) was identified as a keystone taxon. Functionally, AMF inoculation significantly upregulated key metabolic pathways, including cell growth and death, xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. SEM further confirmed that bacterial richness and diversity were the major drivers shaping the network structure. Conclusion In barren soil, AMF not only directly promotes tobacco growth but also enhances the stability of the root microecosystem and the tobacco adaptability to barren soil by restructuring the root endophytic bacterial community. From the perspective of the “plant-AMF-endophytic bacteria” tripartite interaction, this study deepens the insight into the intrinsic mechanisms underlying microbial synergism in enhancing plant environmental adaptability.

barren soil  /  arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi  /  endophytic bacterial community  /  tobacco  /  microbial co-occurrence network  /  functional prediction
丁明碧, 曹高雪, 张晴, 孙丽雪, 汪伯晏, 程齐修, 陈金, 李晓玉. 贫瘠土壤中丛枝菌根真菌对烟草内生细菌群落组成及多样性的影响. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (6) : 2727 -2744 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250773
Mingbi DING, Gaoxue CAO, Qing ZHANG, Lixue SUN, Boyan WANG, Qixiu CHENG, Jin CHEN, Xiaoyu LI. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulate the community composition and diversity of root endophytic bacteria in tobacco cultivated in barren soil[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (6) : 2727 -2744 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250773
土壤是维持陆地生态系统功能的关键组分,也是微生物最核心的栖息地。然而,随着集约化农业发展、不合理土地利用以及极端气候等事件频发,严重干扰了土壤养分循环,破坏了微生物栖息地,加剧了全球范围的土壤退化。目前,土壤退化已成为亟待解决的全球性问题[1]。土壤退化是指土壤物理结构、化学性质及生物功能协同退化的综合表现,其核心特征包括有机碳库耗竭、微生物多样性丧失、土壤肥力下降以及元素失衡等[2],进而严重制约土壤生态系统服务功能的发挥。联合国粮农组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO)数据显示,截至2023年,全球贫瘠土壤面积已达20.21亿hm2,占世界总面积的15%;其中,中国贫瘠土壤总面积达2.21亿hm2。在此背景下,深入探究植物在贫瘠土壤生境中的适应策略与调控机制,对推动生态修复与农业可持续发展具有重要意义。
为应对土壤退化,现有的种植策略已形成以物理、化学和生物为核心的技术体系[3-5]。物理与化学方法应用广泛,但常受制于高成本与次生环境风险;相较之下,基于微生物的生物强化策略,通过调动关键功能微生物,推动生态修复与植物生长协同增效,为土壤资源的根本性恢复与利用开辟了更具潜力的可持续路径[6-8]。其中,丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)作为一种古老的土壤微生物,能与超过90%的陆生植物建立共生关系[9-10]。研究表明,AMF能显著促进宿主植物对营养的吸收,调节根际微生物群落结构,并增强其抗逆性[11-14]。因此,AMF共生被视作增强植物在贫瘠土壤生境中适应性的关键微生物驱动因子。
在长期的协同进化过程中,植物与根际微生物形成了复杂的互作网络,这是其应对环境胁迫的关键策略[15]。AMF不仅是植物的“营养助手”,更被视为根际微生态的“核心调控者”。AMF能招募和富集有益微生物群落,从而构建以菌根为枢纽、由“植物-AMF-根际微生物”共同组成的互利共生体系,该体系被认为是植物适应贫瘠土壤生境的一种重要协同机制[16]。然而,目前关于AMF的研究多集中于根际微生物,对AMF如何影响植物内生菌群组装、群落稳定性及功能协作机制尚不明确,尤其是在贫瘠土壤背景下,这严重制约了对贫瘠胁迫下AMF与植物内生菌群互作关系的深入理解。值得注意的是,内生菌群作为宿主植物的“第二基因组”,直接参与其养分吸收、生长发育和逆境响应等关键生理过程[17-19]。因此,阐明AMF与内生菌群在贫瘠胁迫下的互作模式,对于揭示植物适应贫瘠生境的微生物协同机制具有重要意义。
本研究以贫瘠土壤为背景,以烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)为模式植物,通过盆栽试验探究接种AMF后对烟草内生细菌群落结构、互作网络及代谢功能的调节作用,旨在从烟草根内微生态的视角揭示AMF增强烟草在贫瘠土壤中适应能力的新机理,为阐明“植物- AMF-内生菌”三者互作提供直接的理论与数据支撑。
试验土壤采自安徽省合肥市贫瘠农田土壤(31°52′N,117°14′E),土壤类型为黄棕壤。在取样区域内随机设置3个5 m×5 m的重复小区,清除地表凋落物后,采集地表以下0-10 cm的土层。每个小区随机采集6个土壤样品混合构成一个复合样品。所有样品在自然状态下风干,剔除石砾和植物残根后,过2 mm筛备用。
取一部分过筛土壤,经研钵研磨后,用于土壤基本理化性质分析:总碳(total carbon, TC)和总氮(total nitrogen, TN)使用元素分析仪(Elementar公司)测定[20];土壤有机质(soil organic matter, SOM)含量通过重铬酸钾外加热法测定[21];总钾(total potassium, TK)含量采用氢氟酸-高氯酸消解后,使用火焰光度法测定;总磷(total phosphorus, TP)采用氢氧化钠熔融-钼锑抗比色法测定;速效磷(available phosphorus, AP)采用碳酸氢钠浸提-钼锑抗比色法测定[22];硝态氮(nitrate nitrogen, NO3--N)与铵态氮(ammonium nitrogen, NH4+-N)含量使用流动注射分析仪(Skalar analytical公司)测定。土壤检测结果表明,有机质含量为15.3 g/kg,全氮含量为0.8 g/kg,全碳含量为9.8 g/kg,硝态氮含量为2.16 mg/kg,铵态氮含量为3.37 mg/kg,全磷含量为0.5 g/kg,全钾含量为0.082 g/kg,依据《全国第二次土壤普查土壤养分分级标准》,该土壤属于贫瘠土。
另一部分土壤与蛭石混合(土壤:蛭石=1:1),经高压蒸汽灭菌锅在121 ℃灭菌60 min,冷却后备用,以供烟草盆栽试验使用。
本研究所用的烟草种子由安徽农业大学作物抗逆育种与减灾国家地方联合工程实验室提供。种子经10%过氧化氢(H2O2)溶液消毒10 min,然后用无菌水洗涤3次;将种子播撒于装有基质(蛭石:黑土=3:1)的育苗盆中(r=2.5 cm,h=5 cm),并用保鲜膜密封,放于25 ℃培养箱中发芽48 h,选取长势一致的健壮烟草幼苗,移栽至装满无菌土壤的盆钵中,生长期间,每2 d用无菌水对植株灌溉1次。
本研究选用的AMF接种物为幼套内养囊霉(Entrophospora etunicata) (BGCNM01B,1511C0001BGCAM0017)[23],该菌株由安徽农业大学作物抗逆育种与减灾国家地方联合工程实验室提供,其在贫瘠土壤中对宿主磷素活化与养分吸收促进作用显著,且与烟草共生兼容性良好。最终菌根接种剂由无菌沙、菌根真菌菌丝体、菌根根段和丛枝菌根真菌孢子组成,密度为每克土5-8个孢子。
盆栽试验于温室中进行,培养期间温度与湿度分别维持在18-28 ℃和75%,全程采用自然光照,不进行补光。试验设2个处理:接种丛枝菌根真菌(+AMF),每盆接种30 g菌根接种剂;不接种对照(-AMF),每盆施用等量无菌沙,每个处理设3个重复。将烟草幼苗移植到装有2 kg灭菌土壤的盆钵(r=16.5 cm,h=13 cm)中,每个盆钵种植2株烟草,培养7 d后,选择长势一致的植株进行移植并接种E. etunicata,将土壤含水量调节并维持于80%。试验期间所有植株均用无菌水灌溉。
烟草于移栽后60 d收获,分别测定其地上部鲜重、根系鲜重、株高及根长。取部分新鲜根系,采用台盼蓝染色法[24]测定AMF侵染率;剩余根系于-80 ℃保存,用于后续细菌DNA的提取与测序。植株茎秆同样置于-80 ℃保存,以备后续抗氧化酶活性测定,所有样本均设置3次重复,检测指标包括过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)及丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)[25-26]
根际土壤的采集参照如下方法:轻轻摇动根部去除松散附着的块状土壤,然后用无菌刷子刷取根表土壤[27-28]。所有采集的根际土壤样品分为两部分:一部分经风干、研磨、过筛后,室温保存,用于土壤理化性质分析[29];另一部分装入50 mL无菌离心管,于4 ℃保存,用于AMF孢子密度测定。土壤孢子提取方法如下:称取10 g风干土样,采用湿筛-倾析法,以去离子水分离AMF孢子。随后在光学显微镜下,依据孢子形态完整度、颜色典型性及细胞质内含物等标准对孢子进行计数[30]
称取0.5 g烟草根,采用FastDNA® SPIN土壤试剂盒(MP Biomedicals公司)提取细菌DNA。使用通用16S rRNA基因引物799F (5′-AACMG GATTAGATACCCKG-3′)和1193R (5′-ACGTCA TCCCCACCTTCC-3′)进行PCR扩增,构建细菌16S rRNA基因高变区(V5-V7)的扩增子文库,并通过Illumina平台测序[31-32]。有效的16S rRNA基因序列与SILVA数据库比对(阈值为80%)[33]。将每个样本的序列聚类为扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variants, ASVs)。将所有样品稀释到相同的测序深度后,分析土壤微生物群落的α多样性。
内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer, ITS)序列用于表征土壤样本中的真菌群落组成与多样性[34]。ITS序列具有高度变异性,是物种鉴定和系统发育分析的重要分子标记,采用真菌通用引物ITS1 (5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCG G-3′)和ITS4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′)进行菌株PCR扩增测序。PCR反应体系(50 μL):PCR MasterMix 45 μL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各2 μL,DNA模板1 μL。PCR反应条件:98 ℃预变性2 min;98 ℃变性10 s,72 ℃退火10 s,72 ℃延伸5 min,共35个循环。PCR扩增产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测后送生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行测序。将ITS序列上传至NCBI的序列读取档案库(sequence read archive, SRA),其中生物项目编号为PRJNA908135 (细菌16S rRNA基因数据对应的生物样本编号为SAMN32027927-SAMN32027932)。
对所有数据进行正态性和方差齐性检验,用SPSS 26.0软件进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),判断差异显著性。采用GraphPad Prism 8软件进行数据可视化。使用MEGA X软件分析系统发育树,通过iTOL在线工具(http://itol.embl.de/)实现系统发育树可视化[35],同时对后续分析的数据进行对数(lg)转换处理;采用LEfSe在线工具(http://huttenhower.sph.harvard.edu/lefse/)分析不同组间烟草根系中显著富集的内生细菌的系统发育分布,设定线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis, LDA)得分阈值>4.0。为降低低丰度类群对网络的干扰,对原始测序数据进行预处理,过滤相对丰度低于0.001且在少于3个样本中出现的ASVs。随后基于Spearman相关分析(P<0.05),筛选显著相关的ASVs对,采用随机矩阵理论(random matrix theory, RMT)确定网络构建的最优阈值为0.75。该阈值下,网络的平均聚类系数、模块化程度均显著高于随机网络(P<0.05),确保了网络的生物学稳健性,最终利用Gephi软件对2种处理组的网络进行了可视化,并以不同颜色区分各门类。采用PICRUSt2进行功能预测流程,结合KEGG数据库(https://www.genome.jp/kegg/)对微生物群落的代谢功能进行预测[36],并采用FAPROTAX工具(https://www.loucalab.com/archive/FAPROTAX/)对微生物群落的生态功能进一步分析。使用STAMP分析工具(https://beikolab.cs.dal.ca/software/STAMP/)评估烟草根部内生细菌各组分的差异[37],采用Welch t检验(Welch’s t-test)计算P值。运用结构方程模型(structural equation modeling, SEM)分析土壤酶活性特征与细菌网络结构之间的关系[38]
AMF对烟草生长具有显著促进作用,接种60 d后其地上部鲜重、株高、根鲜重和根长分别比未接种AMF的处理增加118.4%、78.6%、157.6%和73.4%。在-AMF根系中几乎未观察到菌根结构,而+AMF根系侵染率达76.7%,侵染率提升了63.4%。与未接种相比,接种处理显著提高了菌根侵染强度。同时,+AMF土壤中孢子密度显著高于对照组,分别为7.3 spores/10 g土壤和1.3 spores/10 g土壤(图1)。
系统发育树显示,核心微生物组包含7个细菌门,主要以bootstrap值高于60的分支组成,表明系统发育树结构可靠性高,且属间具有良好的亲缘关系。其中假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota,56属)和放线菌门(Actinobacteriota,13属)为两大优势菌门,合计占内生细菌的88.46%。其余细菌属分别隶属于芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota,4属)、黏球菌门(Myxococcota,2属)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi,1属)和蛭弧菌门(Bdellovibrionota,1属)。在属水平,丰度最高的5个细菌属依次为肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、unclassified_f__Comamonadaceae属、unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae属、申氏菌属(Shinella)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),平均占细菌群落的66.3% (图2)。
Wilcoxon秩和检验结果显示,不同处理组间根系内生细菌群落的均匀度(Simpson指数)和多样性(Shannon指数)均存在显著差异。相较于-AMF,+AMF处理组的Simpson指数显著高于-AMF对照组,相较于-AMF组,Simpson指数升高206.4%,说明接种AMF显著提高了群落均匀度;而+AMF处理组显著降低了细菌Shannon指数,较-AMF组下降了25.3%,说明接种AMF后会降低烟草根系内生细菌群落的多样性;同时,相较于-AMF,+AMF处理组的Chao1指数也呈下降趋势,下降22.02%。综上所述,接种AMF会对烟草根系内生细菌群落产生影响,具体表现为降低群落的物种丰富度和多样性,同时使优势物种的集中程度升高(图3)。
为明确+AMF组与对照组间丰度存在显著差异的微生物类群,进一步开展了LEfSe分析。结果显示,接种AMF的烟草根系中共有18个内生细菌属显著富集,对照组中则有19个内生细菌属显著富集。此外,在+AMF组中鉴定出3个显著富集的分类学标志物,分别为肠杆菌目(Enterobacterales)、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)及γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria);而-AMF组的内生细菌则包含根瘤菌科(Rhizobiaceae)、根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)及α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)等多种特征物种。综上所述,AMF接种通过定向选择显著改变了根系内生细菌群落的组成及系统发育结构(图4)。
烟草根系内生细菌共现网络结果显示,假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)是烟草根系中的优势活性内生细菌类群。为阐明网络中每个节点在网络中的拓扑角色,进一步依据节点的模块内连接度(Zi)和模块间连接度(Pi)对节点进行功能分类。分析发现,-AMF中未检测到关键类群;而+AMF中隶属于类固醇杆菌属(Steroidobacter)的ASV149在拓扑角色散点图(图5D)中呈现Zi>2.5,Pi<0.62的特征,符合“模块枢纽”的关键类群判定标准。同时结合共现网络结构图(图5B)可见,ASV149在+AMF的网络中连接了12个不同节点,且与假单胞菌门等优势类群的多个节点存在正向互作关系,进一步体现了其在模块内的核心连接作用,因此被鉴定为该网络的关键类群。
总体来看,AMF接种显著改变了烟草根系内生细菌的网络结构:-AMF的群落网络结构更复杂。两组网络的节点均涵盖上述5个菌门,但-AMF和+AMF的网络模块度值分别为0.303和0.151;且对照组的节点数量(38个)和节点间连接数(318条)均显著高于接种组(28个节点、209条连接),表明-AMF组网络的模块性更强,节点间连接更紧密。然而,接种组网络的正负连接比达77.1%,显著高于对照组的74.7%,这提示+AMF组烟草根系内生细菌间的共现关联程度更高(表1)。
-AMF与+AMF组间功能组成丰度差异显示,两组间内生细菌在24个功能性状上存在显著差异,图6展示了其中21个特定功能。两组均有各自的优势功能:在+AMF组中细胞生长与死亡、异种生物降解与代谢、氨基酸代谢及脂质代谢等多个KEGG通路二级水平功能的丰度显著高于-AMF组(P<0.05),细胞生长与死亡通路激活可清除冗余菌株,优化群落结构;异种生物降解与代谢通路增强有助于降解贫瘠土壤中的难溶性有机物,减少毒素积累;氨基酸与脂质代谢通路强化可协同AMF提升氮磷利用效率,支撑植物生长;而碳水化合物代谢、聚糖生物合成与代谢、信号转导及核苷酸代谢的丰度在-AMF组中显著更高(P<0.05),这主要是由于缺乏AMF时细菌需通过竞争土壤中有限的碳水化合物维持生长,导致相关代谢通路富集(图6A)。FAPROTAX功能预测显示,在-AMF的处理组中微生物功能组成相对均衡:化能异养(chemoheterotrophy)为优势功能类群,相对丰度占比达43.3%;其次为发酵(fermentation, 15.7%)、好氧化能异养(aerobic_chemoheterotrophy, 14.2%),以及甲基营养相关功能[甲醇氧化(methanol oxidation)、甲基营养(methylotrophy), 13.4%]。+AMF组中根际微生物的功能代谢格局发生显著重构:化能异养与发酵功能的相对丰度大幅升高,二者合计占比超过96.0% (分别为49.4%、47.2%),成为绝对优势功能类群;与之对应,甲醇氧化、甲基营养及好氧化能异养的相对丰度显著降低(图6B)。
采用结构方程模型对内生细菌与土壤酶活性特征对烟草根系的影响进行最优拟合(SEM,χ²=16.199,df=9,P=0.063)。结果显示,细菌群落的多样性与丰富度是构建网络结构最为关键的因素,表现出极强的直接正向效应,其标准化路径系数分别达0.829和0.608,进一步的标准化总效应分析确认,细菌多样性是驱动网络结构形成的主导因子。与此同时,过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对细菌网络结构存在直接影响,效应量分别为0.261和0.162,表明抗氧化能力为细菌网络的稳定性提供了有利的微环境。然而,通过Shannon指数衡量的细菌均匀度对细菌网络结构呈负向影响(效应量=-0.198) (图7)。
AMF是调控植物生长发育的关键微生物因子。本研究表明,在贫瘠土壤中接种AMF,烟草地上部鲜重、根鲜重和株高均有所提升,且AMF在烟草根系中保持高定殖率(图1)。AMF与宿主植物共生后,菌丝网络可作为根系的延伸,有效扩展更大范围的土壤体积,尤其能增强对难溶性磷的活化与吸收,同时提升植物的抗逆能力,促进植物在贫瘠土壤生境中生长[39-41]。此外,本研究发现接种AMF后烟草根长显著提升,这与前人研究结果相符:AMF通过调节生长素(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)、赤霉素(gibberellin A3, GA3)等植物内源激素的合成与运转,刺激植物根系发育[42-43]。发达的根系系统与根外菌丝网络形成协同效应,大幅增强植物从贫瘠土壤中捕获水分、磷及其他矿质元素的效率,初步证实AMF在贫瘠土壤中对烟草生存能力具有增强作用。
除直接通过菌丝和根系网络促进植株生长外,AMF对植物根部内生细菌群落结构的重塑是增强宿主耐贫瘠能力的另一核心途径。这并非简单改变菌群的种类,而是通过构建更适配贫瘠环境的微生物协同网络。因此,本研究重点对烟草内生菌进行检测,结果显示接种AMF并未改变假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)与放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)的优势地位(图2),这与此前的研究结论一致[44-45]。假单胞菌门与放线菌门作为植物内生菌群的核心菌群,其稳定性是保障群落养分循环的前提,可避免AMF介入导致群落功能失衡。进一步的LEfSe分析揭示,在更精细的分类水平上,AMF介入引发了内生细菌群落结构的重塑:AMF特异性富集了γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)相关类群,其中以肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)为主(图4),该科包含肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)等典型植物根际促生细菌(PGPR)[46],可补充固氮、铁载体分泌等功能缺口,共同构建高效的植物-微生物共生网络,以优化烟草在贫瘠土壤中对养分的利用[47-48]。相反,对照组则更多富集α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)下的根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales),如根瘤菌科(Rhizobiaceae)类群,这主要由于根瘤菌因无法形成有效根瘤而处于功能冗余状态[49-50]。已有研究表明,菌根共生后根系会分泌酚类、黄酮类化合物及特定糖类,这些信号物质可作为趋化因子,引导特定有益细菌在根内定殖[51]。这种系统发育格局的转变暗示AMF并非简单改变内生菌数量,而是选择性招募与菌根共生体系功能互补的细菌类群,同时可能抑制非菌根条件下竞争优势强,但不利于共生体系建立的类群。
一般认为,健康的土壤微生物多样性越高,其抗扰动性也越强,而本研究中α多样性结果显示,接种AMF后内生细菌群落的丰富度与多样性均显著降低(图3)。该结果初步呈现的趋势暗示内生菌群存在潜在负面效应,但根据群落功能互补性与胁迫冗余权衡理论:环境胁迫越强,功能专一、互作积极的互补性越重要,这类群落的生态效率通常高于功能冗余的群落[52],因此在贫瘠环境中更倾向于筛选特异性功能菌群,从而导致微生物多样性降低;胁迫较弱时冗余则更易成为群落的常见状态,形成更多的资源消耗(如对照中的根瘤菌科)[53]。因此,本研究中烟草处于贫瘠土壤生境,而AMF的接种直接促成这一群落的形成,该结论也与上述理论相呼应。
此外,共现网络分析进一步验证了这一结论:+AMF组网络规模(节点数、连接数)小于对照组,但其正/负连接数比值(P/N)显著更高(图5),这表明AMF剔除了根部内生群落中的冗余或竞争性物种(如3.2节中根瘤菌目),同时保留并强化正向互作(即协同关系)的物种。这种以合作为核心的生态关系,更有利于群落功能的稳定实施与资源高效利用[54],该协同关系对植物应对养分匮乏的贫瘠土壤至关重要。网络分析显示,接种AMF后一株隶属于类固醇杆菌属(Steroidobacter)的ASV149被鉴定为核心关键类群,而ASV149的富集是AMF共生后定性选择的结果,因为AMF与植物建立共生后会向土壤中分泌球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(glomalin-ralated soil protein, GRSP),这些物质可被Steroidobacter降解利用,同时Steroidobacter可通过反硝化作用调节氮素形态,调控根际NO3⁻浓度,避免高NO3⁻对AMF侵染的抑制,形成协同互作网络[55-56]。据此推测,ASV149可能在AMF构建的微生态系统中扮演代谢枢纽角色,与肠杆菌科PGPR等核心菌群互补优化氮素循环,进而维系整个网络的稳定性与功能完整性。
众所周知,内生细菌群落结构的改变通常会驱动其潜在生态功能的动态变化,将内生细菌群落结构与潜在生态功能进行关联,可为解析AMF通过调控内生细菌群落以促进植物生长的内在机制提供关键切入点,功能预测结果表明,接种AMF显著提升了以下关键代谢通路的活性:细胞生长与死亡通路:该通路活性增强,不仅反映出内生细菌群落整体代谢活性的提升,更体现群落内程序性细胞死亡(programmed cell death, PCD)的精准激活,PCD可选择性清除群落中功能冗余或竞争性菌株(如对照组富集的根瘤菌目),最终形成与内生细菌群落结构重组(如优势种群更替、互作网络重构)高度吻合的功能表征[57-58];异种生物降解与代谢通路:贫瘠土壤中常积累芳香族化合物、长链烃等难降解有机物,该通路活性增强表明,AMF可通过根际碳分配或菌丝分泌物定向富集含降解功能基因(如加氧酶、酯酶)的内生菌群,最终提升群落对复杂有机物的降解能力,减少有毒物质积累对烟草的胁迫[59];氨基酸代谢与脂质代谢通路:该通路是氮素同化、转运与蛋白质合成的核心,其活性增强的关键意义在于与AMF的氮转运功能形成协同,AMF共生体系中氮素可以精氨酸等氨基酸形式在菌丝中实现高效运输[60-61],而内生细菌的氨基酸代谢增强,可将土壤中难以直接利用的有机氮(如多肽、氨基酸聚合物)分解为游离氨基酸,为AMF的氨基酸转运提供底物,进而优化“土壤有机氮→细菌分解→AMF转运→植物吸收”的氮素传递链,大幅提升氮素利用效率;脂质代谢通路:该通路与细胞膜合成及能量存储密切相关,活跃的脂质代谢可为内生细菌增殖提供膜结构前体(如磷脂酸、二酰甘油),同时为AMF与细菌的互作提供能量[62-63];此外,从生态学功能分析显示:化能异养是微生物利用有机碳底物的核心代谢途径[64],发酵过程参与土壤有机物质的分解与活性养分(如小分子有机酸、还原态氮)的释放[65];二者丰度的强化,提示AMF接种通过菌丝分泌有机碳源(如球囊霉素相关蛋白)改变根际碳库组成,促进异养型微生物的代谢活性,进而加速根际养分周转。甲基营养类功能的受抑可能与AMF对甲基营养型微生物的竞争排斥效应有关,即AMF占据根际生态位后限制了该类微生物的资源获取。上述代谢通路的协同激活,从养分活化、毒素降解、能量供给多维度,系统阐释了AMF如何通过调控“植物-内生细菌微生物组”提升烟草对贫瘠逆境的适应能力。
结构方程模型进一步量化了各关键因子对烟草根系细菌网络结构的调控作用,不仅证实了细菌多样性与丰富度是构建网络结构的关键驱动力,还揭示了AMF接种可能通过调控植物生理,进而影响微生物群落的协同机制。具体而言,CAT与SOD的活性对细菌网络结构存在显著正向效应,这意味着AMF接种可能通过激活宿主的抗氧化系统,提升根际微环境的稳定性,从而为构建更稳定的细菌互作网络提供了有利条件,这与前人在干旱胁迫环境中的研究结论一致,即AMF可通过诱导植物提高抗氧化酶(如CAT)活性、促进脯氨酸积累,有效抑制脂质过氧化反应,从而缓解环境胁迫对植物生长的抑制,最终在提升植株生物量与产量中发挥核心作用[66]。此外,MDA与+AMF处理呈显著负相关。已有研究证实,接种AMF可通过促进脯氨酸和可溶性糖积累、提升抗氧化酶(CAT、SOD)活性,维持膜完整性并降低MDA含量,从而保护光合机构免受水分亏缺诱导的氧化胁迫,促进叶绿素合成,最终增加果实生长量和产量[67]。值得注意的是,模型分析中细菌均匀度对网络结构表现出负向影响的趋势,虽然这一路径在统计上不显著,但其方向性提供了一个有趣的启示:它可能暗示着过高的均匀度不利于核心类群发挥作用,从而可能削弱物种间互作网络的紧密性。然而这一效应有待后续在更大样本量下进一步验证。
本研究仍存在以下局限性:(1) 为排除背景微生物干扰,本研究采用灭菌土壤开展实验,与自然农田土壤条件存在差异,可能在一定程度上夸大AMF的调控效应,后续需在非灭菌天然贫瘠土壤开展验证实验,结合关键菌根效应生理指标(如总磷、总氮),明确结果在自然环境中的适用性和普遍性;(2) 本研究中对微生物群落代谢功能预测基于PICRUSt2,虽具参考价值,但仍是推断性结论,仍需通过宏基因组、宏转录组和代谢组学等多组学技术进行直接验证;(3) 结构方程模型(图7)揭示了土壤酶活性(如CAT、SOD)、细菌多样性与网络结构间的复杂关联,揭示植物氧化应激状态与微生物群落构建过程存在潜在关联,其内在因果机制仍需深入探究。结合本研究结果,未来可开展:(1) 针对ASV149这一核心关键类群的纯培养,验证其在促进植物生长、降解特定物质及与AMF互作中的具体功能;(2) 复合菌剂的开发:通过AMF菌株与筛选出的关键内生细菌进行联合接种,探究复合菌剂在促进植物生长及改良贫瘠土壤中的叠加效应或协同作用,为开发高效复合微生物菌剂提供理论支撑;(3) 田间试验验证:在自然非灭菌贫瘠土壤中开展长期田间试验,评估复合菌剂对烟草产量及土壤肥力的影响。
在贫瘠土壤中AMF接种通过定向招募有益内生细菌,构建以功能协同为核心的互作网络,从而增强了烟草根部微生态系统的稳定性。同时,AMF的接种激活了与养分活化、能量代谢及胁迫适应相关的代谢通路,使其发展为高效协同、作用互补的菌-根互作体系,改善了烟草的生长状况。本研究深化了对“植物-AMF-内生细菌”三者互作机制的理解,为利用AMF改良并高效利用贫瘠土壤提供了理论依据,具备AMF-细菌复合菌剂的开发潜力。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1901000)
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2026年第66卷第6期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250773
  • 接收时间:2025-10-14
  • 首发时间:2026-06-17
  • 出版时间:2026-06-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-14
  • 录用日期:2025-12-12
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the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1901000)
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1901000)
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    1.安徽农业大学 生命科学学院,安徽 合肥
    2.作物抗逆育种与减灾国家地方联合工程实验室,安徽 合肥
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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