Article(id=1274057364308267639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250727, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1758729600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1762876800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-12, onlineDate=1781688546491, onlineDateStr=2026-06-17, pubDate=1780502400000, pubDateStr=2026-06-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781688546491, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781688546491, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781688546491, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1274057338156769818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='6', pageStart='2561', pageEnd='3114', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781688540257, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781688602467, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1274057599193486082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1274057599193486083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1274057338156769818, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2709, endPage=2726, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1274057364773835385, articleId=1274057364308267639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Microbial community structure in degraded mangrove sediment and its correlation with environmental factors, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the changes in microbial community structure and function in degraded mangrove sediment, and to explore their potential relationships with environmental factors and mangrove degradation. Methods Sedimental samples were collected from degraded mangroves in Guangxi Beihai Coastal National Wetland Park, marked as healthy (ZC), early-stage/deteriorating (BY), and necrotic (SW) groups. The physicochemical factors, including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), oils, and various heavy metals, were analyzed using standard methods. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and ITS region was performed. Subsequent analyses, including diversity indices, Venn plot, LEfSe analysis, Zi-Pi analysis, and FAPROTAX/FUNGuild functional prediction, were employed to compare the composition and functional differences of bacterial and fungal communities and to identify their driving environmental factors. Results The richness and diversity of the bacterial community followed the order of SW>ZC≈BY. The dominant phyla were Pseudomonadota and Chloroflexi. In contrast, fungal richness and diversity were lowest in SW, where Ascomycota was the dominant phylum. LEfSe analysis indicated that the bacterial community in ZC was characterized by Actinomycetota and several Desulfobacterota; BY was enriched in Gemmatimonadota; SW was dominated by Bacillota, Campylobacterota, and Spirochaetota. Zi-Pi analysis revealed that keystone fungal taxa in BY were mainly from Ascomycota, while those in SW contained both Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Functional prediction suggested that bacterial communities were predominantly chemoheterotrophic, with fermentation as a major pathway. Fungal communities were primarily saprotrophic and notably pathogenic. Correlation analysis further demonstrated that TN, TP, oils, and heavy metals (e.g., As, Cu) significantly influenced microbial community structure. Conclusion By investigating microbial community structure and function, this study elucidates the dynamic response of microbial communities to environmental shifts in degrading mangrove ecosystems, thus providing a crucial microbiological reference for future ecosystem health assessment and restoration efforts.

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E-mail:
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目的 解析退化红树林沉积物中微生物群落结构与功能的演变规律,探讨其与环境因子及退化红树林之间的潜在联系。 方法 以广西北海滨海国家湿地公园的退化红树林为研究对象,采集健康组(ZC)、过渡组(BY)和死亡组(SW)的沉积物样品,综合测定其理化因子,包括总氮(total nitrogen, TN)、总磷(total phosphorus, TP)、总有机碳(total organic carbon, TOC)、油类(oils)及多种重金属含量。利用16S rRNA基因和ITS区域扩增子的高通量测序技术,结合多样性指数、韦恩图、LEfSe与Zi-Pi分析以及FAPROTAX/FUNGuild功能预测等方法,系统比较细菌与真菌群落的组成、功能差异及其影响因素。 结果 细菌群落的丰富度及多样性表现为SW>ZC≈BY,优势菌门为假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)和绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi);真菌群落则呈现相反趋势(SW<ZC≈BY),优势菌门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)。LEfSe分析显示,ZC细菌类群以放线菌门(Actinomycetota)和多种脱硫菌为特征,BY富集芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota),而SW则主要有芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)、弯曲菌门(Campylobacterota)和螺旋体门(Spirochaetota)等关键类群。Zi-Pi分析识别出BY关键真菌以子囊菌门为主,SW则同时包含子囊菌门和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)。功能预测显示,细菌群落的功能以化能异养为主,其主要代谢途径为发酵;真菌群落则主要为腐生营养型,且表现出较高的致病潜力。相关性分析进一步表明,TN、TP、oils及As、Cu等重金属显著影响微生物群落结构。 结论 本研究从微生物群落结构和功能的角度揭示了红树林退化过程中微生物群落与环境的响应关系,为红树林生态健康的评估和恢复提供了微生物学参考。

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作者贡献声明

李菲:论文撰写、修改润色,数据收集、处理及分析,获取基金,项目管理;陈丽雯:重金属数据收集与分析,汇总和监管全部理化数据;丁慧:站点分析和样品采集;覃仙玲:营养盐数据检测和分析;李喆:参与重金属检测实验操作,论文修改润色;苏芯莹:参与营养盐检测实验操作;王巧贞:参与论文讨论;潘良浩:提出研究构想,获取基金,项目管理,提供资源,实验与论文指导。

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A: Bacterial taxa; B: Fungal taxa. *, **, and *** means significant at P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.001, respectively., figureFileSmall=IC50Aqy6wst+QAUbzHcobA==, figureFileBig=RFIVQfY7LevxpXjqxFmWdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088140542337990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057364308267639, language=CN, label=图6, caption=微生物群落与环境因子的Pearson相关性热图, figureFileSmall=IC50Aqy6wst+QAUbzHcobA==, figureFileBig=RFIVQfY7LevxpXjqxFmWdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274088140613641159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057364308267639, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Contents of physicochemical properties and heavy metals in sediments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleZCBYSW
TN/(mg/kg)4 040.0±1 329.4a3 545.0±1 195.0ab3 207.5±242.8b
TP/(mg/kg)322.5±130.8a309.5±102.5a285.8±9.0a
TOC/(g/kg)8.7±0.2a8.8±0.4a8.1±0.9b
Oils/(mg/kg)868.6±486.8a789.8±257.3a692.1±197.6a
Heavy metals/(mg/kg)
Hg0.1±0.0a0.1±0.0a0.1±0.0a
As14.1±3.0a12.7±0.4ab11.0±2.2b
Cu15.8±0.9b16.1±4.2b19.5±3.0a
Zn54.7±8.0b69.0±3.7a64.2±4.3ab
Cd0.6±0.1b0.6±0.1b2.4±0.3a
Pb23.7±4.6b30.7±2.3a28.2±1.6ab
Cr38.2±21.0a53.6±6.6a57.0±20.8a
), ArticleFig(id=1274088140693332936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057364308267639, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

沉积物的理化性质和重金属含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleZCBYSW
TN/(mg/kg)4 040.0±1 329.4a3 545.0±1 195.0ab3 207.5±242.8b
TP/(mg/kg)322.5±130.8a309.5±102.5a285.8±9.0a
TOC/(g/kg)8.7±0.2a8.8±0.4a8.1±0.9b
Oils/(mg/kg)868.6±486.8a789.8±257.3a692.1±197.6a
Heavy metals/(mg/kg)
Hg0.1±0.0a0.1±0.0a0.1±0.0a
As14.1±3.0a12.7±0.4ab11.0±2.2b
Cu15.8±0.9b16.1±4.2b19.5±3.0a
Zn54.7±8.0b69.0±3.7a64.2±4.3ab
Cd0.6±0.1b0.6±0.1b2.4±0.3a
Pb23.7±4.6b30.7±2.3a28.2±1.6ab
Cr38.2±21.0a53.6±6.6a57.0±20.8a
), ArticleFig(id=1274088140785607625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057364308267639, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Alpha diversity of bacterial community

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleACE indicesChaol indicesShannon indicesSimpson indices
ZC781.4±67.9b781.3±67.9b6.2±0.1b0.003 3
BY774.4±49.2b774.3±49.2b6.2±0.1b0.002 8
SW1 319.4±126.9a1 319.9±128.1a6.6±0.1a0.003 4
), ArticleFig(id=1274088140861105098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057364308267639, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

细菌群落的α多样性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleACE indicesChaol indicesShannon indicesSimpson indices
ZC781.4±67.9b781.3±67.9b6.2±0.1b0.003 3
BY774.4±49.2b774.3±49.2b6.2±0.1b0.002 8
SW1 319.4±126.9a1 319.9±128.1a6.6±0.1a0.003 4
), ArticleFig(id=1274088140932408267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057364308267639, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Alpha diversity of fungal community

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleACE indicesChao1 indicesShannon indicesSimpson indices
ZC158.5±53.6b158.5±53.6b4.3±0.30.03±0.01
BY151.5±37.0b151.5±37.0b4.2±0.40.03±0.03
SW138.2±23.1a138.0±23.2a4.1±0.20.03±0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1274088140991128524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057364308267639, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

真菌群落的α多样性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleACE indicesChao1 indicesShannon indicesSimpson indices
ZC158.5±53.6b158.5±53.6b4.3±0.30.03±0.01
BY151.5±37.0b151.5±37.0b4.2±0.40.03±0.03
SW138.2±23.1a138.0±23.2a4.1±0.20.03±0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1274088141054043085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057364308267639, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Keystone fungal taxa based on Zi-Pi analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleASV IDPhylumFamilyGenus
ZCASV36Unclassified fungi
BYASV95Unclassified fungi
ASV4AscomycotaAspergillaceaePenicillium
ASV39AscomycotaHerpotrichiellaceaePhialophora
ASV335AscomycotaNigrogranaceaeNigrograna
ASV1258AscomycotaAmorosiaceaeAmorosia
ASV105Unclassified fungi
SWASV416BasidiomycotaRhynchogastremataceaePapiliotrema
ASV410AscomycotaCladosporiaceaeCladosporium
ASV278BasidiomycotaSerpulaceaeSerpula
ASV258Unclassified fungi
ASV1Unclassified fungi
), ArticleFig(id=1274088141121151950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1274057364308267639, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

基于 Zi-Pi 分析的关键真菌类群

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleASV IDPhylumFamilyGenus
ZCASV36Unclassified fungi
BYASV95Unclassified fungi
ASV4AscomycotaAspergillaceaePenicillium
ASV39AscomycotaHerpotrichiellaceaePhialophora
ASV335AscomycotaNigrogranaceaeNigrograna
ASV1258AscomycotaAmorosiaceaeAmorosia
ASV105Unclassified fungi
SWASV416BasidiomycotaRhynchogastremataceaePapiliotrema
ASV410AscomycotaCladosporiaceaeCladosporium
ASV278BasidiomycotaSerpulaceaeSerpula
ASV258Unclassified fungi
ASV1Unclassified fungi
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退化红树林沉积物微生物群落结构特征及其影响因素
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李菲 1 , 陈丽雯 1 , 丁慧 2 , 覃仙玲 1 , 李喆 1 , 苏芯莹 1 , 王巧贞 3 , 潘良浩 2
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(6): 2709-2726
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026, 66(6): 2709-2726
退化红树林沉积物微生物群落结构特征及其影响因素
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李菲1, 陈丽雯1, 丁慧2, 覃仙玲1, 李喆1, 苏芯莹1, 王巧贞3, 潘良浩2
作者信息
  • 1.广西科学院 广西海洋科学院(广西红树林研究中心),广西近海海洋环境科学重点实验室,广西 南宁
  • 2.广西科学院 广西海洋科学院(广西红树林研究中心),广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室,广西 北海
  • 3.广西科学院 广西海洋天然产物与组合生物合成化学重点实验室,广西 南宁
Microbial community structure in degraded mangrove sediment and its correlation with environmental factors
Fei LI1, Liwen CHEN1, Hui DING2, Xianling QIN1, Zhe LI1, Xinying SU1, Qiaozhen WANG3, Lianghao PAN2
Affiliations
  • 1.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences (Guangxi Mangrove Research Center), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
  • 2.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences (Guangxi Mangrove Research Center), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai, Guangxi, China
  • 3.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
出版时间: 2026-06-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250727
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目的 解析退化红树林沉积物中微生物群落结构与功能的演变规律,探讨其与环境因子及退化红树林之间的潜在联系。 方法 以广西北海滨海国家湿地公园的退化红树林为研究对象,采集健康组(ZC)、过渡组(BY)和死亡组(SW)的沉积物样品,综合测定其理化因子,包括总氮(total nitrogen, TN)、总磷(total phosphorus, TP)、总有机碳(total organic carbon, TOC)、油类(oils)及多种重金属含量。利用16S rRNA基因和ITS区域扩增子的高通量测序技术,结合多样性指数、韦恩图、LEfSe与Zi-Pi分析以及FAPROTAX/FUNGuild功能预测等方法,系统比较细菌与真菌群落的组成、功能差异及其影响因素。 结果 细菌群落的丰富度及多样性表现为SW>ZC≈BY,优势菌门为假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)和绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi);真菌群落则呈现相反趋势(SW<ZC≈BY),优势菌门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)。LEfSe分析显示,ZC细菌类群以放线菌门(Actinomycetota)和多种脱硫菌为特征,BY富集芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota),而SW则主要有芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)、弯曲菌门(Campylobacterota)和螺旋体门(Spirochaetota)等关键类群。Zi-Pi分析识别出BY关键真菌以子囊菌门为主,SW则同时包含子囊菌门和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)。功能预测显示,细菌群落的功能以化能异养为主,其主要代谢途径为发酵;真菌群落则主要为腐生营养型,且表现出较高的致病潜力。相关性分析进一步表明,TN、TP、oils及As、Cu等重金属显著影响微生物群落结构。 结论 本研究从微生物群落结构和功能的角度揭示了红树林退化过程中微生物群落与环境的响应关系,为红树林生态健康的评估和恢复提供了微生物学参考。

红树林  /  沉积物  /  微生物群落  /  环境因子  /  微生物功能

Objective To investigate the changes in microbial community structure and function in degraded mangrove sediment, and to explore their potential relationships with environmental factors and mangrove degradation. Methods Sedimental samples were collected from degraded mangroves in Guangxi Beihai Coastal National Wetland Park, marked as healthy (ZC), early-stage/deteriorating (BY), and necrotic (SW) groups. The physicochemical factors, including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), oils, and various heavy metals, were analyzed using standard methods. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and ITS region was performed. Subsequent analyses, including diversity indices, Venn plot, LEfSe analysis, Zi-Pi analysis, and FAPROTAX/FUNGuild functional prediction, were employed to compare the composition and functional differences of bacterial and fungal communities and to identify their driving environmental factors. Results The richness and diversity of the bacterial community followed the order of SW>ZC≈BY. The dominant phyla were Pseudomonadota and Chloroflexi. In contrast, fungal richness and diversity were lowest in SW, where Ascomycota was the dominant phylum. LEfSe analysis indicated that the bacterial community in ZC was characterized by Actinomycetota and several Desulfobacterota; BY was enriched in Gemmatimonadota; SW was dominated by Bacillota, Campylobacterota, and Spirochaetota. Zi-Pi analysis revealed that keystone fungal taxa in BY were mainly from Ascomycota, while those in SW contained both Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Functional prediction suggested that bacterial communities were predominantly chemoheterotrophic, with fermentation as a major pathway. Fungal communities were primarily saprotrophic and notably pathogenic. Correlation analysis further demonstrated that TN, TP, oils, and heavy metals (e.g., As, Cu) significantly influenced microbial community structure. Conclusion By investigating microbial community structure and function, this study elucidates the dynamic response of microbial communities to environmental shifts in degrading mangrove ecosystems, thus providing a crucial microbiological reference for future ecosystem health assessment and restoration efforts.

mangrove  /  sediment  /  microbial community  /  environmental factors  /  microbial function
李菲, 陈丽雯, 丁慧, 覃仙玲, 李喆, 苏芯莹, 王巧贞, 潘良浩. 退化红树林沉积物微生物群落结构特征及其影响因素. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (6) : 2709 -2726 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250727
Fei LI, Liwen CHEN, Hui DING, Xianling QIN, Zhe LI, Xinying SU, Qiaozhen WANG, Lianghao PAN. Microbial community structure in degraded mangrove sediment and its correlation with environmental factors[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (6) : 2709 -2726 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250727
红树林是分布于热带与亚热带海岸潮间带的独特森林生态系统,具有防风消浪、促淤护岸、净化环境以及维持生物多样性等重要生态功能[1]。然而,在全球气候变化与局部环境压力叠加的背景下,红树林生态系统正面临日益显著的退化风险[2]。除人类活动干扰外,一类源于系统内部、具有空间扩展性和时间频发性的退化现象引起了广泛关注。此类退化常呈斑块状,始于林内特定区域,随后逐步扩张并连接成片,最终导致红树林大面积衰退甚至死亡。例如,广西北部湾沿海红树林的病害调查显示,叶斑病最为常见,其次为枝梢病害,根茎病害较少。针对这些主要病害,不同红树植物的感病程度不同,其中桐花树和海漆受感染最为严重,而红海榄和老鼠簕相对较轻[3]。类似病害也见于东南亚多国红树林,例如,越南新种植的无瓣海桑与海桑均出现大面积树梢枯死和叶部斑点病症[4];泰国红树林区的金蕨、白骨壤、细蕊红树、杯萼海桑等多种红树植物也普遍发生叶斑病症,且危害范围持续扩大[5]。这类退化通常缺乏明显外源干扰边界,其驱动机制可能涉及系统内部的生物地球化学循环过程改变、微生物群落结构演替或植被-环境的正反馈调节等内在过程。
微生物群落作为红树林生态系统的“调控中枢”,在其生态功能维持中发挥着核心作用。它们不仅驱动碳、氮、硫等关键元素的生物地球化学循环,参与有机质分解与污染物转化,还能通过与红树植物建立共生或致病关系直接调控植被的健康与抗逆能力。随着高通量测序技术的广泛应用,红树林微生物生态研究取得了显著进展。在群落结构特征方面,Sun等[6]比较了不同林龄无瓣海桑人工林与自然秋茄林的微生物组成,发现随着林龄增长,好氧化学异养菌和机会性腐生菌的相对丰度显著上升,而硫酸盐还原菌则呈下降趋势;Gómez-Acata等[7]对5种生态型红树林沉积物微生物群落进行研究,发现细菌群落以假单胞菌门(51%)、绿屈挠菌门(12%)等为主。在微生物分布模式上,张屹轩等[8]发现秋茄根部的内生原核微生物群落与其周围沉积物中的结构相似,而地上部分(包括叶、茎和胚轴)的微生物群落则构成另一个相似的集群。在环境因子影响方面,现有研究揭示了沉积物深度[9-10]、氮含量[11]、盐度[12]以及化学污染物[13-14]等多种因素对微生物群落的胁迫效应。这些结果表明,微生物群落结构的变化可早于植被表观退化发生,具备作为早期预警指标的潜力[15]。然而,现有研究多侧重于单一环境因子或静态群落的描述,对于红树林连续退化过程中微生物群落的动态演替规律及其影响因素仍缺乏系统性解析。
基于上述研究背景,本研究以广西北海滨海国家湿地公园的退化红树林为对象,选取健康区、过渡区与死亡区的沉积物,采用高通量测序技术(16S rRNA基因和ITS区域扩增子)系统解析沉积物细菌与真菌群落的组成与结构变化,并同步测定关键环境因子。通过整合微生物生态学与生物信息学分析,系统解析不同退化阶段红树林沉积物微生物的群落结构特征,甄别驱动微生物群落演变的关键环境因子,并挖掘在红树林退化过程中具有指示潜力的关键微生物类群。本研究期望从微生物视角揭示红树林退化的微生态过程与驱动机制,为生态系统健康评估和精准修复提供理论依据与生物标志物资源。
沉积物样品采集工作于2025年5月初开展,此时正值天文大潮期,便于大规模取样,且该季节微生物生长活跃,有利于捕捉其典型群落结构。采样地点位于广西北海滨海国家湿地公园(109°11′26″E,21°25′3″N)一处约100 m2红树植物死亡的区域,分别在健康区(健康红树区域)、过渡区(健康和死亡红树的交界处)和死亡区(大面积红树死亡区域)采集沉积物样品,标记为健康组(ZC)、过渡组(BY)和死亡组(SW)。每个采样区域布设3个平行点(共计18个样本),取未受干扰的表层沉积物样品,装于无菌采样袋中,置于冰盒保存,并迅速运回实验室。
DNA抽提试剂盒,天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;近海海洋沉积物成分分析标准物质,国家海洋局第二海洋研究所。
PCR扩增仪,Biometra公司;电泳仪,北京六一科技生物有限公司;凝胶成像仪,Carestream公司;总有机碳/总氮分析仪,Jena公司;等离子体原子发射光谱仪,Agilent公司;分光光度计,ThermoFisher Scientific公司。
样品采集、处理与分析均严格遵循《海洋监测规范 第5部分:沉积物分析》(GB 17378.5—2007)[16]。沉积物样品经风干、研磨并过100目筛后,依次测定总氮(total nitrogen, TN)、总磷(total phosphorus, TP)、总有机碳(total organic carbon, TOC)、油类(oils)等理化指标。含水率参照质量法测定;TN含量采用凯氏定氮法测定;TP含量参照碱熔-钼锑抗分光光度法测定;TOC含量按重铬酸钾氧化-分光光度法测定;oils含量按超声提取-紫外分光光度法测定。
沉积物中重金属[包括镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)、铜(Cu)、和锌(Zn)]样品置于105 ℃烘箱内烘干,汞(Hg)样品在自然条件下晾干,研磨过筛。称取约0.2 g沉积物样品,经HNO3-HClO4-HF将样品消化溶解,采用无火焰原子吸收法测定Cu、Pb、Cd和Cr含量,火焰原子吸收法测定Zn含量;Hg和As样品经HNO3-HCl水浴消化,采用原子荧光法测定。实验所用玻璃器皿均用硝酸水溶液(浓硝酸:水=1:3,体积比)浸泡24 h以上,然后用超纯水反复冲洗并烘干,用标准物质进行质量控制,并设置空白试验以校正试剂及系统误差,据此绘制标准曲线。所有样品经消解并定容后,均经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤,再进行上机分析。
采用质量浓度为1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA的完整性与片段大小,使用NanoDrop 2000分光光度计检测其浓度与纯度,并使用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA的完整性及片段大小。委托上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司,使用细菌16S rRNA基因的V3-V4区引物338F (5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3′)和806R (5′-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′),以及真菌ITS区引物ITS1F (5′-ACTTGGTCATTTAGA GGAAGTAA-3′)和ITS2 (5′-GCTGCGTTCTTC ATCGATGC-3′),对上述DNA模板进行PCR扩增、产物纯化及测序文库构建。构建好的文库在Illumina MiSeq PE 300平台上进行双端测序。下机数据经质控后,采用DADA2算法去噪并提取扩增序列变异体(amplicon sequence variant, ASV)信息,再利用Silva和RDP数据库进行物种注释。基于所获ASV表,计算微生物群落的α多样性指数,包括Shannon、Simpson、ACE和Chao1指数等,并基于Bray-Curtis距离分析不同采样点微生物群落结构的β多样性差异。采用相关性热图,可视化了沉积物理化性质、重金属含量与主要微生物类群之间的相关性。基于FAPROTAX数据库和FUNGuild数据库,分别对细菌群落和真菌群落的潜在功能进行预测分析。所有统计分析与图形绘制均通过SPSS 26.0和R语言完成。
不同生态位沉积物的理化性质及重金属含量测定结果如表1所示。整体上,3个区域沉积物的TN、TP和TOC含量均处于较高水平。其中,ZC的TN和TP含量略高于BY和SW;各组重金属元素(Hg、As、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr)的平均含量均符合《海洋沉积物质量》(GB 18668—2002)中I类标准限值,但Cd浓度普遍超出I类标准,尤其在SW中超出近5倍。此外,3组的oils含量也均超过I类标准限值(500 mg/kg),但未超过II类标准限值(1 000 mg/kg)。可见,该红树林生态系统的健康面临潜在威胁。
对18个样本进行细菌测序分析,共获得629 923条高质量序列,聚类为17 223个细菌ASVs。经韦恩图分析表明(图1A),ZC、BY和SW分别注释到2 649、2 329和3 609个ASVs。其中,3组样本中共有728个ASVs,占总ASVs数量的12.1%。各组特有的ASVs数量差异明显:SW特有ASVs数量最多,占总量的33.2%;BY最少,仅占13.1%;ZC特有的ASVs占比为23.2%。上述结果表明,退化红树林中不同生态位沉积物中的细菌群落在ASV组成上具有显著差异。
为评估细菌群落的多样性,本研究基于高通量测序数据计算了覆盖率、ACE指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数(表2)。结果表明,所有样品的覆盖率均高于99.99%,说明测序深度充分,能够可靠反映群落的真实组成。3组沉积物的Simpson指数均处于较低水平,反映出较高的物种均匀度。SW的ACE指数和Chao1指数显著高于ZC和BY,说明其估算的物种丰富度最高,预示着存在更多尚未被观测到的物种;其Shannon指数也略高于另外两组,提示SW的细菌群落多样性更高。相比之下,ZC与BY的各项α多样性指数均无显著差异,表明二者具有相似的物种丰富度与多样性。β多样性分析进一步揭示了组间差异。PCoA结果显示(图1B),前两主坐标(PCoA1和PCoA2)分别解释了样本间Bray-Curtis距离变异的28.67%和26.54%,图中样品点清晰地按组别聚集并分离,PERMANOVA分析进一步证实了ZC、BY和SW沉积物中的细菌群落结构存在显著差异(P<0.001)。
ZC、BY和SW在门水平的群落结构差异如图1C所示,相对丰度高于1%的菌门分别有14、12和13个。3组样本群落中以假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexota)、热脱硫杆菌门(Thermodesulfobacteriota)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)为主,其总相对丰度介于63.1%-71.4%。其中,假单胞菌门和绿屈挠菌门均为绝对优势门,其在ZC、BY和SW中相对丰度分别为20.3%与24.9%,24.2%与22.7%,以及29.7%与13.5%。此外,芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)、放线菌门(Actinomycetota)、弯曲菌门(Campylobacterota)、螺旋体门(Spirochaetota)及芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)在组间显示出较大的丰度差异。
在属水平上(图1D),3组细菌群落结构呈现显著差异。SW的高丰度菌属最多,群落组成最为复杂;ZC与BY的整体结构较为相似,而BY中大部分菌属的丰度介于ZC和SW之间。3组共有的优势菌属为Aggregatilineales未分类属和厌氧绳菌科(Anaerolineaceae)未分类属,其相对丰度范围分别为6.2%-9.9%和4.4%-6.3%。组间差异比较显示:ZC中Sva0081B2M28Subgroup 23、聚线菌属(Aggregatilinea)、依卢马托杆菌属(Ilumatobacter)以及脱硫荚菌科(Desulfocapsaceae)未分类属、热脱硫弧菌纲(Thermodesulfovibrionia)未分类属、环杆菌科(Cyclobacteriaceae)未分类属和γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)未分类属的相对丰度显著高于SW (P<0.05);而SW中厌氧线菌纲(Anaerolineae)未分类属、脱硫叶菌属(Desulfatiglans)、螺旋体属(Spirochaeta)、硫卵菌属(Sulfurovum)、SEEP-SRB1、硫单胞菌属(Sulfurimonas)、嗜盐厌氧杆菌属(Natranaerovirga)以及暖丝菌科(Calditrichaceae)未分类属、海藻杆菌科(Marinilabiliaceae)未分类属、Aminiocanas未分类属和Limnochordia未分类属的相对丰度较高。
根据LEfSe分析(LDA阈值设定为3.8;图2),不同生态位沉积物中的关键细菌类群存在显著差异,其富集类群的数量表现为SW>ZC>BY。具体而言,SW在多个分类水平上均观察到大量富集的关键细菌:门水平包括芽孢杆菌门、弯曲菌门和螺旋体门;纲水平包括食氨基酸菌纲(Aminicenantia)、梭菌纲(Clostridia)、弯曲杆菌纲(Campylobacteria)、脱卤拟球菌纲(Dehalococcoidia)、厌氧线菌纲和螺旋体纲(Spirochaetia);目水平包括食氨基酸菌目(Aminicenantales)、毛螺菌目(Lachnospirales)、弯曲杆菌目(Campylobacterales)、螺旋体目(Spirochaetales)和脱硫杆菌目(Desulfatiglandales);科水平包括胺微菌科(Aminicenantaceae)、海藻杆菌科、毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、硫单胞菌科(Sulfurimonadaceae)、硫卵菌科(Sulfurovaceae)、螺旋体科(Spirochaetaceae)和脱硫杆菌科(Desulfatiglandaceae)。在ZC中,门水平上放线菌门显著富集,纲水平上酸微菌纲(Acidimicrobiia)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)和Desulfobulbia显著富集,目水平上生丝微菌目(Hyphomicrobiales)、脱硫杆菌目、Desulfobulbales和假单胞菌目(Pseudomonadales)显著富集,科水平上海杆菌科(Halieaceae)、脱硫荚菌科和脱硫八叠球菌科(Desulfosarcinaceae)显著富集。在BY中,门水平上芽单胞菌门显著富集,且目水平上着色菌目(Chromatiales)显著富集。此外,在3组中存在大量未分类的类群,表明该生境中存在未培养微生物,其中可能包含具有独特功能的新谱系。
基于FAPROTAX数据库对细菌群落进行的功能预测结果如图3所示,3组细菌群落的生态功能均以化能异养、发酵、好氧化能异养和光自养为主。其中,化能异养在3组中均占比最高(ZC28.3%,BY26.5%,SW31.5%);SW的发酵功能相对丰度(23.4%)显著高于ZC (10.2%)和BY (14.4%),而好氧化能异养(ZC17.6%,BY11.5%,SW7.3%)与光自养功能(ZC9.6%,BY10.9%,SW7.1%)则呈现相反趋势,均在SW中最低。此外,预测结果还识别出若干相对丰度较低(<1.0%)的功能,包括木聚糖降解、硝酸盐还原、芳香族化合物降解、硫化合物的暗氧化、几丁质降解、纤维素降解、甲基营养、动物寄生虫或共生体以及人类病原体。进一步通过组间差异分析共筛选出12种具有显著差异(P<0.05)的生态功能,包括发酵、好氧化能异养、光自养、芳香族化合物降解、硫化合物的暗氧化、几丁质降解、纤维素降解、甲基营养、动物寄生虫或共生体、人类病原体、烃类降解和甲烷营养。
对18个沉积物样品的真菌测序数据进行严格质控,共获得1 155 371条有效序列,经聚类后得到2 688个真菌ASVs。经韦恩图分析表明(图4A),ZC、BY和SW中分别注释到699、691和654个ASVs。其中,3组中共有71个ASVs,占总ASVs数量的4.1%。各组特有的ASVs数量较为接近,均为509个,占比为29.1%。结果表明,不同生态位沉积物中的真菌群落在ASV组成上存在明显差异。
不同生态位沉积物真菌群落的α多样性指数如表3所示。所有样品的测序覆盖率均高于99.9%,表明测序深度充分,能够反映群落的真实组成。各组Simpson指数均处于较低水平,显示出较高的群落分布均匀度。SW的ACE指数和Chao1指数明显低于ZC和BY,其Shannon指数也略低于另外两组,说明SW的物种丰富度和真菌群落多样性较低,这与细菌群落的结果恰好相反。相比之下,ZC与BY的各项α多样性指数均较为接近,表明这两组在物种组成和多样性方面较为相似。基于ASV水平的层级聚类分析进一步揭示了组间差异(图4B),图中颜色深度代表样本间距离系数大小,颜色越深表明群落差异越大。SW与ZC、BY的距离系数均大于0.7,说明SW的真菌群落结构与其他样区差异较大。
基于门水平分类(图4C),3组真菌群落(相对丰度>1%)主要由子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)及未分类真菌构成。子囊菌门为绝对优势菌门,在ZC中占比最高(46.3%);壶菌门在ZC和BY的相对丰度均为3.0%,明显高于SW,提示ZC与BY的真菌群落结构可能存在某些相似的选择压力或生态位。
在属水平上(图4D),通过对总丰度前20的真菌类群进行热图分析(数据经Hellinger标准化),展示了红树林不同退化阶段沉积物中真菌群落的演替特征。分析发现,曲霉属(Aspergillus)和枝孢属(Cladosporium)在ZC、BY和SW中均有较高丰度,显示出广泛的分布性。与此同时,各生态位也呈现出独特的优势类群:ZC真菌群落组成最为丰富且均衡,以阿莫罗西亚属(Amorosia)、维塔利亚纳属(Vittaliana)、黑格孢属(Nigrograna)、新赤壳属(Neocosmospora)和篮状菌属(Talaromyces)等多个高丰度核心菌属为特征,共同构成了健康红树林沉积物的真菌群落基础。随着生境退化,BY群落结构开始转变,青霉属(Penicillium)和瓶霉属(Phialophora)在样本中成为主导类群,反映出环境压力对群落组成的初步影响。SW群落结构则发生根本性转变,转为由副冠壳属(Paraconiothyrium)、新罗素菌属(Neoroussoella)、周喙壳属(Peroneutypa)、木霉属(Trichoderma)和枝孢属等一系列已知病原或耐逆类群所主导。上述结果表明,随着红树林从健康区向死亡区的退化,其沉积物真菌群落发生了系统性演替。这一动态变化过程提示,环境因子可能在驱动真菌群落组成演变中发挥关键作用。
基于模块内连接度(Zi)和模块间连接度(Pi)指标,可将网络中的微生物划分为4类角色:(1) 外围节点(Zi≤2.5,Pi≤0.6),主要与模块内部节点连接,数量多但影响较小;(2) 模块枢纽(Zi>2.5,Pi≤0.6),在模块内部高度连接,对维持模块结构稳定性起核心作用;(3) 连接器(Zi≤2.5,Pi>0.6),负责连接不同模块,促进模块间的物质、能量与信息流动;(4) 网络枢纽(Zi>2.5,Pi>0.6),兼具模块内高连接和模块间桥梁功能,属于全局性关键物种。通常将模块枢纽、连接器及网络枢纽视为关键微生物,它们在维持网络结构与功能中具有重要生态位。在3组的网络中共鉴定出12个关键真菌(图5表4)。ZC组的关键真菌数量最少(1个),而BY (6个)和SW (5个)则更为丰富。从分类组成来看,BY关键真菌以子囊菌门为主,SW关键真菌则同时包含担子菌门和子囊菌门。在属水平上,BY中的曲霉属、青霉属和瓶霉属,以及SW中的枝孢属等关键真菌,在样区中相对丰度均较高(位列前5)。这说明这些高丰度类群在调控真菌群落结构及生态功能中可能发挥着核心作用。
基于FUNGuild数据库的真菌功能预测分析显示,除大量未明确分类的功能类群外(占总功能预测量的52.8%-57.3%),所有样品的真菌群落均以腐生营养型为核心功能组分(相对丰度为24.2%-25.7%)。研究同时在3组样品中共同识别出5种明确注释的生态功能类型,包括:动物病原体,植物病原体,兼具动物病原、植物内生、病原及腐生等多种功能的复合类型,木质腐生菌,以及植物腐生菌。这些功能类群的共存说明红树林真菌群落可能具有多样化的营养策略,在维系生态系统物质循环与种间互作中扮演多重功能角色。
为探究红树林沉积物中微生物群落与环境因子的关系,对相对丰度前15的优势菌属进行Pearson相关性分析。结果显示,不同微生物类群对环境因子的响应存在显著差异,可归纳为重金属耐受型、环境敏感型与营养盐驱动型3种类型。在细菌群落中(图6A),重金属耐受型类群与多种重金属呈正相关:厌氧线菌纲未分类属与Zn、Pb和Cr正相关(P<0.05);脱硫叶菌属除与Cu、Cr正相关外,也与Pb正相关(P<0.05);螺旋体属、硫卵菌属、Aminicenans未分类属及SEEP-SRB1均与Cu和Cr正相关(P<0.05);暖丝菌科未分类属与Zn和Pb正相关(P<0.05)。环境敏感型类群中,B2M28Sva0081Subgroup 23与As呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),而脱硫叶菌属、螺旋体属、硫卵菌属等类群则与As负相关(P<0.01);Sva0081B2M28Subgroup 23与Cu呈负相关(P<0.05),其中B2M28与Cu的负相关水平最高(P<0.001)。此外,暖丝菌科未分类属和脱硫荚菌科未分类属均与Cd呈负相关(P<0.05)。营养盐驱动型类群与营养物质密切相关,例如B2M28与TN、TP、oils正相关(P<0.05),脱硫荚菌科未分类属与TN正相关(P<0.05),而脱硫叶菌属、螺旋体属、Aminicenans未分类属与TN负相关(P<0.05),且脱硫叶菌属与oils呈负相关(P<0.05)。
在真菌群落中(图6B),营养盐驱动型类群包括维塔利亚纳属、阿莫鲁斯菌属、黑粒菌属和青霉属,与TN、TP呈正相关(P<0.05),其中阿莫鲁斯菌属和黑粒菌属与oils正相关(P<0.05),青霉属与TOC正相关(P<0.05)。重金属耐受型类群中,枝孢属和木霉属与Hg正相关(P<0.05);副冠壳属与Cr正相关(P<0.05)。环境敏感型类群则表现为对重金属或有机污染因子的负响应:维塔利亚纳属、阿莫鲁斯菌属和黑粒菌属在偏好营养盐的同时,与Cu呈负相关(P<0.05),且维塔利亚纳属与Zn负相关(P<0.05);木霉属与oils负相关(P<0.05),篮状菌属与Zn、Pb极显著负相关(P<0.01)。上述结果表明,沉积物中重要营养物质(TN、TP、TOC)和重金属污染程度显著影响微生物群落结构。
微生物是红树林生态系统结构与功能的核心,通过驱动碳、氮、硫等关键元素的生物地球化学循环,在维持系统健康与稳定中发挥着至关重要的作用。它们通过代谢活动改变沉积物氧化还原状态,进而影响各种元素的形态与可用性[17-19],并显著调控有机质分解、养分循环和沉积物pH等关键过程[20-22]。本研究通过比较红树林健康区、过渡区和死亡区的沉积物微生物群落组成,揭示了其对红树林生境退化的响应机制。
从细菌群落结构分析结果来看,丰富度与多样性表现为死亡区>健康区≈过渡区。3组均以假单胞菌门、绿屈挠菌门、热脱硫杆菌门和拟杆菌门为优势菌门,假单胞菌门的相对丰度最高且组间无显著差异,这可能与红树林生态系统内旺盛的物质和能量代谢密切相关[23-24]。绿屈挠菌门(13.5%-24.9%)作为第二优势菌门,其相对丰度高于其在广西防城港、茅尾海及廉州湾等红树林沉积物(8.3%,同为第二优势菌门)[25],以及印度红树林沉积物中(3.0%,排名第6)[26]。热脱硫杆菌门下的脱硫杆菌科作为死亡区沉积物中关键微生物,对红树植物的生长具有复杂且双面的影响。一方面,该科细菌在红树林沉积物中通过参与甲烷代谢、硫循环及固氮作用有助于生态系统稳定和植物生长[23,27];另一方面,当生态系统失衡(如极端缺氧)时该类菌群的过度增殖可能会抑制那些能够氧化硫化氢(H2S)的好氧微生物的活动,导致H2S因净消耗减少而大量积累,进而对红树根系产生强烈毒性[28-29]。可见,红树林沉积物中微生物群落具有高度的生态稳定性及复杂性。细菌功能预测发现,死亡区细菌群落的发酵功能显著升高(23.4%),好氧化能异养功能则下降。相比之下,健康区细菌群落以好氧和兼性厌氧类群(如放线菌门和α-变形菌纲)为主,好氧化能异养和光自养功能占比较高,与Bohra等[30]在健康红树林沉积物中的结果一致,体现出养分循环均衡、能量代谢效率较高的生态系统状态。过渡区细菌群落特征介于健康区与死亡区,其中芽单胞菌门富集较为突出,该类菌群通常与生境的营养限制与贫营养化、有机质来源或性质的改变相关[31],其富集可能标志着该区域正处于从健康向退化转变的早期阶段。
真菌群落多样性分析显示,死亡区的物种丰富度与多样性均显著低于健康区和过渡区。这一结果与Zhao等[32]在退化土壤中观察到的真菌多样性下降趋势一致,说明环境退化普遍导致真菌多样性降低。与此前分析的细菌群落对比,死亡区的真菌群落对环境退化的响应模式截然相反,这可能反映了真菌对环境胁迫更为敏感,以及缺氧条件下微生物竞争格局的改变[6]。在群落组成上,子囊菌门在所有样区均占优势,这与很多红树林沉积物中优势真菌群落的研究结论一致[33]。然而在属水平上呈现明显的生态位分异:健康区以腐生和发酵型功能类群(如曲霉属、篮状菌属)为主;过渡区富集了兼具腐生与弱致病潜力的类群(如瓶霉属、青霉属);死亡区则显著富集副冠壳属和枝孢属等已知病原或耐逆类群。这一分布模式与Huang等[34]关于植物病理状况驱动根际真菌群落演替的结论相符,强化了环境胁迫会引发真菌病原类群增殖的观点。对各组关键真菌的分析进一步揭示了这一演替过程:关键真菌在健康区占比最低,而在过渡区和死亡区则更为丰富。枝孢属不仅作为死亡区的关键真菌,同时具有很高的相对丰度,提示其在构建并维持红树林退化环境的微生物网络结构中可能处于核心地位。真菌功能预测也显示出死亡区植物病原功能相对增强。综上所述,在红树林退化过程中真菌群落可能通过病原类群的显著富集以及关键类群从共生、腐生菌向致病菌的演替机制,加剧植被健康恶化。这一发现从微生物群落生态学的角度印证了植物促生微生物群落失衡与生态系统退化之间的潜在联系[35]
环境因子关联分析进一步将微生物群落结构与环境压力联系起来。在细菌群落中,假单胞菌门和热脱硫杆菌门与TN、oils及As呈正相关,表明这些类群可能在碳、氮和砷代谢中扮演重要角色。这一结果支持Holguin等[23]的结论,即假单胞菌门作为关键的“微生物引擎”,在有机质丰富的沉积物中驱动着多种元素的生物地球化学循环。相反,绿屈挠菌门与多种重金属及营养盐呈负相关,提示其更适应贫营养或低污染环境。在属水平上,脱硫叶菌属与Cu、Pb和Cr正相关,而与TN和oils负相关,表明该类硫酸盐还原菌可能适应于兼具厌氧与重金属污染的生境,这与Wu等[36]的研究相印证,明确了硫酸盐还原菌在重金属抗性与还原过程中的生态功能。真菌群落对环境因子的响应模式同样显著,且表现出与细菌不同的侧重点。黑粒菌属与多种营养盐(TN、TP和oils)及重金属(As和Cd)呈正相关,提示其具有广泛的环境适应策略,这一发现与其生态多样性(包括内生、腐生和病原生活方式)[37]相对应。
本研究揭示了红树林退化进程中微生物群落演替的3个关键特征:(1) 细菌与真菌的多样性对生态系统退化呈现相反的响应模式;(2) 过渡区蕴藏着独特的微生物特征,可能作为生态系统退化的早期预警指标;(3) 微生物核心功能从好氧代谢向厌氧发酵和硫循环的转变是红树林退化进程中的典型微生物过程。这些微生物群落可能通过改变养分循环、积累毒性物质(如硫化氢)以及增强病原压力等多种途径参与并加速红树林生态系统的退化进程。
  • 广西壮族自治区青年科学基金(2024GXNSFBA010361)
  • 广西红树林研究中心基本科研业务费资助项目(2023GMRC-02)
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250727
  • 接收时间:2025-09-25
  • 首发时间:2026-06-17
  • 出版时间:2026-06-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-25
  • 录用日期:2025-11-12
基金
the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(2024GXNSFBA010361)
广西壮族自治区青年科学基金(2024GXNSFBA010361)
the Fundamental Research Fund for Guangxi Mangrove Research Center(2023GMRC-02)
广西红树林研究中心基本科研业务费资助项目(2023GMRC-02)
作者信息
    1.广西科学院 广西海洋科学院(广西红树林研究中心),广西近海海洋环境科学重点实验室,广西 南宁
    2.广西科学院 广西海洋科学院(广西红树林研究中心),广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室,广西 北海
    3.广西科学院 广西海洋天然产物与组合生物合成化学重点实验室,广西 南宁
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250727
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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