Article(id=1259888471733354877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1259888457367806489, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250825, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1762099200000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1767542400000, acceptedDateStr=2026-01-05, onlineDate=1778310419257, onlineDateStr=2026-05-09, pubDate=1777824000000, pubDateStr=2026-05-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778310419257, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778310419257, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778310419257, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1259888457367806489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='5', pageStart='2031', pageEnd='2556', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778310415832, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778320153326, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1259929299465921482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1259888457367806489, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1259929299465921483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1259888457367806489, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2521, endPage=2534, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1259888477236281772, articleId=1259888471733354877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Development and application of a recombinase-aided amplification-exonuclease assay for detecting Listeria monocytogenes, columnId=1194702985843413943, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Technology and Method, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Listeria monocytogenes, as a major causative agent of foodborne illness outbreaks, poses a serious threat to food safety and public health. In complex foodborne pathogen environments, the specific and effective detection methods for L. monocytogenes are crucial. Objective To develop a novel recombinase-aided amplification-exonuclease (RAA-exo) assay for detecting L. monocytogenes. Methods Multiple RAA primer and probe sets targeting hly were designed, and the optimal primer set was selected based on nucleic acid amplification efficiency. The reaction system was rigorously optimized, focusing on the concentrations of A buffer, B buffer, and RAA primers and probe. Results The optimized RAA-exo assay showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 copies/μL for recombinant plasmids and 10 CFU/mL for L. monocytogenes suspensions. The assay demonstrated high specificity, selectively detecting L. monocytogenes without cross-reactivity to other common foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, or other Listeria species (L. ovinae, L. seeligeri, and L. innocua). In a validation study using 44 pork samples, the RAA-exo assay results were in complete agreement with those of the real-time fluorescence PCR internal standard method outlined in the industry standard SN/T 5224—2019. Conclusion The developed RAA-exo assay exhibits high sensitivity and specificity, requires minimal hands-on time, and achieves detection within 20 min at 37 °C. Therefore, the assay is suitable for rapid, on-site testing, serving as an efficient and convenient tool for L. monocytogenes detection, with promising applications in food safety monitoring.

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E-mail: WU Qin, ;
CHENG Changyong,
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These authors contributed equally to this work.

, authorsList=Junfeng LI, Jiahui WANG, Ruisheng XIANG, Chenxi LEI, Kexin YU, Yuhe FU, Houhui SONG, Changyong CHENG, Qin WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1259888492260278889, articleId=1259888471733354877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=单增李斯特菌RAA-exo检测方法的建立和应用, columnId=1194702986061517752, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=技术与方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes, LM)是引起食源性疾病暴发的主要病原之一,严重威胁食品安全和公共卫生安全。在食源性致病菌污染呈现多元化特征的环境下,特异性检测单增李斯特菌并开展预防工作极为重要。 目的 建立一种新的单增李斯特菌重组酶辅助扩增-外切酶(recombinase aided amplification-exonuclease, RAA-exo)检测方法。 方法 针对单增李斯特菌的hly基因设计多对RAA引物和探针,筛选核酸扩增效率最高的引物。利用最佳RAA引物系统对反应体系进行优化,包括A buffer、B buffer、RAA引物和探针的使用量。基于优化后的反应体系,对该方法的灵敏度、特异性和实际应用能力进行评估。 结果 本方法检测重组质粒的最低检测限为0.5 copies/μL,检测单增李斯特菌液的最低检测限为10 CFU/mL。该方法仅对靶细菌单增李斯特菌敏感,对沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌等几种常见食源性病原菌均无法检出,对绵羊李斯特菌、西尔李斯特菌、英诺克李斯特菌等几种李斯特菌同样无法检出。对44份猪肉样本的应用结果表明,本方法的检测结果与行业标准SN/T 5224—2019推荐的实时荧光PCR内标法结果一致。 结论 本研究建立的RAA-exo技术具有灵敏度高、特异性强、操作简便等优点,在37 ℃条件下20 min内即可完成检测,适用于基层现场快速检测,为单增李斯特菌的快速检测提供了高效、便捷的技术支持,具有广阔的应用前景。

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作者贡献声明

李俊峰:执行调研,数据收集与监管,撰写文章;王佳慧:数据分析,验证;项瑞生:数据收集与监管;雷晨曦:修改文章;余可心:方法论;付玉和:软件程序;宋厚辉:监督管理,提供资源;程昌勇:提供资源,获取基金,项目管理;吴芹:提出概念,获取基金,撰写文章。

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Talanta, 2023, 259: 124558., articleTitle=A rapid and inexpensive nucleic acid detection platform for Listeria monocytogenes based on the CRISPR/Cas12a system, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1259928500878848897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, awardId=2025C04009, language=EN, fundingSource=The Key Research and Development International Cooperation Program of Zhejiang Province(2025C04009), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1259928502103585673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, awardId=2025C04009, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省“尖兵领雁+X”国际科技合作项目(2025C04009), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1259928503810667409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, awardId=2021LFR044, language=EN, fundingSource=The Zhejiang A&F University Talents Starting Program(2021LFR044), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1259928505500971931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, awardId=2021LFR044, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江农林大学学校科研发展基金(2021LFR044), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259928385585819802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259928385925558432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, companyId=1259928385585819802, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, the Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for One Health and Food Safety, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259928385996861604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, companyId=1259928385585819802, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江农林大学 动物医学院,浙江省畜禽绿色生态健康养殖应用技术研究重点实验室,动物健康互联网检测技术浙江省工程研究中心,浙江省动物医学与健康管理国际科技合作基地,同一健康和食品安全一带一路 国际联合实验室,中澳动物健康大数据分析联合实验室,浙江 杭州)]), AuthorCompany(id=1259928386563092651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259928386756030639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, companyId=1259928386563092651, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Zhejiang Ling Yu Bio-Sci&Tech Co. , Ltd. , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259928386839916721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, companyId=1259928386563092651, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江领与生物科技有限公司,浙江 杭州)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1259928470667277039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=RAA primer screening results. 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A: Sensitivity of plasmid; B: Sensitivity of bacterial liquid; C: Specificity., figureFileSmall=wOWzdT4Uh14QKpIffEx4ug==, figureFileBig=yEGHZG7tGcBKIkQIu/40tQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259928484965659431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, language=CN, label=图3, caption=方法性能评估结果, figureFileSmall=wOWzdT4Uh14QKpIffEx4ug==, figureFileBig=yEGHZG7tGcBKIkQIu/40tQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259928487842951987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Detection results of actual samples. A: RAA-exo detection results for samples 1 to 26; B: RAA-exo detection results for samples 27 to 44; C: SN/T 5224—2019 detection results for samples 1 to 26; D: SN/T 5224—2019 detection results for samples 27 to 44; E: Detection of the tolerance of nucleic acid lysis solution to pork; F: Analysis chart for detection results of RAA-exo and SN/T 5224—2019., figureFileSmall=ik6bszEqqiQ52caJB1H/Eg==, figureFileBig=AR4cg4l80RHSFLgBU8V4Dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259928489952686906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, language=CN, label=图4, caption=实际样品检测结果, figureFileSmall=ik6bszEqqiQ52caJB1H/Eg==, figureFileBig=AR4cg4l80RHSFLgBU8V4Dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259928492716733254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sequence of primers and probes used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sequence namesSequences (5′→3′)
LM-Probe-1ACAACTTGAATGTCTGCATTATTTTGAT[FAM-dT]G[]THF][BHQ1-dT]GGATTTCTTCTTT-C3
LM-hly-F1-aTTCATCCATGGCACCACCAGCATCTCCGCCT
LM-hly-F2-aCGCCTGCAAGTCCTAAGACGCCAATCGAAA
LM-hly-F3-aGTCCTAAGACGCCAATCGAAAAGAAACACGCGGA
LM-hly-F4-aTGAAATCGATAAGTATATACAAGGATTGGATTA
LM-hly-F5-aTATACCACGGAGATGCAGTGACAAATGTGCCGC
LM-hly-R1-aAGAGCACCTGGATAGGTTAGGCTCGAAATTGCAT
LM-hly-R2-aCTAATTCCGAATTCGCTTTTACGAGAGCACCT
LM-hly-R3-aTTAATGAATCACGTTTTACAGGGAGAACATCTGG
LM-hly-F1-bAACAACGCAGTAAATACATTAGTGGAAAGATG
LM-hly-F2-bTTGATTATGATGACGAAATGGCTTACAGTGA
LM-hly-F3-bATGGCTTACAGTGAATCACAATTAATTGCGAAA
LM-hly-F4-bAGCATTTAAAGCTGTAAATAATAGCTTGAATG
LM-hly-R1-bAGGTCTTGTAGGTTCATTAACATTCACGTTA
LM-hly-R2-bACTGCTCTTTAGTAACAGCTTTGCCGAA
LM-hly-R3-bCAAGCGCTTGCAACTGCTCTTTAGTAACAGC
LM-hly-R4-bACGCCACACTTGAGATATATGCAGGAGGA
), ArticleFig(id=1259928494604170070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用的RAA引物和探针序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sequence namesSequences (5′→3′)
LM-Probe-1ACAACTTGAATGTCTGCATTATTTTGAT[FAM-dT]G[]THF][BHQ1-dT]GGATTTCTTCTTT-C3
LM-hly-F1-aTTCATCCATGGCACCACCAGCATCTCCGCCT
LM-hly-F2-aCGCCTGCAAGTCCTAAGACGCCAATCGAAA
LM-hly-F3-aGTCCTAAGACGCCAATCGAAAAGAAACACGCGGA
LM-hly-F4-aTGAAATCGATAAGTATATACAAGGATTGGATTA
LM-hly-F5-aTATACCACGGAGATGCAGTGACAAATGTGCCGC
LM-hly-R1-aAGAGCACCTGGATAGGTTAGGCTCGAAATTGCAT
LM-hly-R2-aCTAATTCCGAATTCGCTTTTACGAGAGCACCT
LM-hly-R3-aTTAATGAATCACGTTTTACAGGGAGAACATCTGG
LM-hly-F1-bAACAACGCAGTAAATACATTAGTGGAAAGATG
LM-hly-F2-bTTGATTATGATGACGAAATGGCTTACAGTGA
LM-hly-F3-bATGGCTTACAGTGAATCACAATTAATTGCGAAA
LM-hly-F4-bAGCATTTAAAGCTGTAAATAATAGCTTGAATG
LM-hly-R1-bAGGTCTTGTAGGTTCATTAACATTCACGTTA
LM-hly-R2-bACTGCTCTTTAGTAACAGCTTTGCCGAA
LM-hly-R3-bCAAGCGCTTGCAACTGCTCTTTAGTAACAGC
LM-hly-R4-bACGCCACACTTGAGATATATGCAGGAGGA
), ArticleFig(id=1259928496843928415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of common nucleic acid detection methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MethodsDetection temperatureReaction timeMain materialsCost of single reaction
PCR

Transformation: 95 ℃

Annealing: 55 ℃

Extrusion: 72 ℃

1-2 hPrimers, probes, hot-start polymeraseThree yuan
LAMP65 ℃ constant temperature60 minBST polymerase, lock-type probes, primersThree yuan and sixty fen

RPA fluorescence method

RAA fluorescence method

37 ℃ constant temperature15-30 minRAA reaction proteinase, primers, probes and RAA reaction bufferFive yuan and twenty fen

RPA test strip

RAA test strip

37 ℃ constant temperature25-40 minRAA reaction protease, primers, probes and RAA reaction buffer, lateral flow chromatography test stripEleven yuan and twenty fen

RPA-CRISPR/Cas and

RAA-CRISPR/Cas

37 ℃ constant temperature40-60 minRAA reaction protease, RAA reaction buffer, Cas protein, primers, CrRNA, probeNine yuan and forty fen
), ArticleFig(id=1259928497343050598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1259888471733354877, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

常见核酸检测方法的比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MethodsDetection temperatureReaction timeMain materialsCost of single reaction
PCR

Transformation: 95 ℃

Annealing: 55 ℃

Extrusion: 72 ℃

1-2 hPrimers, probes, hot-start polymeraseThree yuan
LAMP65 ℃ constant temperature60 minBST polymerase, lock-type probes, primersThree yuan and sixty fen

RPA fluorescence method

RAA fluorescence method

37 ℃ constant temperature15-30 minRAA reaction proteinase, primers, probes and RAA reaction bufferFive yuan and twenty fen

RPA test strip

RAA test strip

37 ℃ constant temperature25-40 minRAA reaction protease, primers, probes and RAA reaction buffer, lateral flow chromatography test stripEleven yuan and twenty fen

RPA-CRISPR/Cas and

RAA-CRISPR/Cas

37 ℃ constant temperature40-60 minRAA reaction protease, RAA reaction buffer, Cas protein, primers, CrRNA, probeNine yuan and forty fen
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单增李斯特菌RAA-exo检测方法的建立和应用
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李俊峰 1 , 王佳慧 1 , 项瑞生 1 , 雷晨曦 1 , 余可心 1 , 付玉和 2 , 宋厚辉 1 , 程昌勇 1 , 吴芹 1
微生物学报 | 技术与方法 2026,66(5): 2521-2534
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微生物学报 | 技术与方法 2026, 66(5): 2521-2534
单增李斯特菌RAA-exo检测方法的建立和应用
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李俊峰1, 王佳慧1, 项瑞生1, 雷晨曦1, 余可心1, 付玉和2, 宋厚辉1, 程昌勇1 , 吴芹1
作者信息
  • 1.浙江农林大学 动物医学院,浙江省畜禽绿色生态健康养殖应用技术研究重点实验室,动物健康互联网检测技术浙江省工程研究中心,浙江省动物医学与健康管理国际科技合作基地,同一健康和食品安全一带一路 国际联合实验室,中澳动物健康大数据分析联合实验室,浙江 杭州
  • 2.浙江领与生物科技有限公司,浙江 杭州
Development and application of a recombinase-aided amplification-exonuclease assay for detecting Listeria monocytogenes
Junfeng LI1, Jiahui WANG1, Ruisheng XIANG1, Chenxi LEI1, Kexin YU1, Yuhe FU2, Houhui SONG1, Changyong CHENG1 , Qin WU1
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, the Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for One Health and Food Safety, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
  • 2.Zhejiang Ling Yu Bio-Sci&Tech Co. , Ltd. , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
出版时间: 2026-05-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250825
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单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes, LM)是引起食源性疾病暴发的主要病原之一,严重威胁食品安全和公共卫生安全。在食源性致病菌污染呈现多元化特征的环境下,特异性检测单增李斯特菌并开展预防工作极为重要。 目的 建立一种新的单增李斯特菌重组酶辅助扩增-外切酶(recombinase aided amplification-exonuclease, RAA-exo)检测方法。 方法 针对单增李斯特菌的hly基因设计多对RAA引物和探针,筛选核酸扩增效率最高的引物。利用最佳RAA引物系统对反应体系进行优化,包括A buffer、B buffer、RAA引物和探针的使用量。基于优化后的反应体系,对该方法的灵敏度、特异性和实际应用能力进行评估。 结果 本方法检测重组质粒的最低检测限为0.5 copies/μL,检测单增李斯特菌液的最低检测限为10 CFU/mL。该方法仅对靶细菌单增李斯特菌敏感,对沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌等几种常见食源性病原菌均无法检出,对绵羊李斯特菌、西尔李斯特菌、英诺克李斯特菌等几种李斯特菌同样无法检出。对44份猪肉样本的应用结果表明,本方法的检测结果与行业标准SN/T 5224—2019推荐的实时荧光PCR内标法结果一致。 结论 本研究建立的RAA-exo技术具有灵敏度高、特异性强、操作简便等优点,在37 ℃条件下20 min内即可完成检测,适用于基层现场快速检测,为单增李斯特菌的快速检测提供了高效、便捷的技术支持,具有广阔的应用前景。

单增李斯特菌  /  核酸检测  /  RAA-exo

Listeria monocytogenes, as a major causative agent of foodborne illness outbreaks, poses a serious threat to food safety and public health. In complex foodborne pathogen environments, the specific and effective detection methods for L. monocytogenes are crucial. Objective To develop a novel recombinase-aided amplification-exonuclease (RAA-exo) assay for detecting L. monocytogenes. Methods Multiple RAA primer and probe sets targeting hly were designed, and the optimal primer set was selected based on nucleic acid amplification efficiency. The reaction system was rigorously optimized, focusing on the concentrations of A buffer, B buffer, and RAA primers and probe. Results The optimized RAA-exo assay showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 copies/μL for recombinant plasmids and 10 CFU/mL for L. monocytogenes suspensions. The assay demonstrated high specificity, selectively detecting L. monocytogenes without cross-reactivity to other common foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, or other Listeria species (L. ovinae, L. seeligeri, and L. innocua). In a validation study using 44 pork samples, the RAA-exo assay results were in complete agreement with those of the real-time fluorescence PCR internal standard method outlined in the industry standard SN/T 5224—2019. Conclusion The developed RAA-exo assay exhibits high sensitivity and specificity, requires minimal hands-on time, and achieves detection within 20 min at 37 °C. Therefore, the assay is suitable for rapid, on-site testing, serving as an efficient and convenient tool for L. monocytogenes detection, with promising applications in food safety monitoring.

Listeria monocytogenes  /  nucleic acid testing  /  RAA-exo
李俊峰, 王佳慧, 项瑞生, 雷晨曦, 余可心, 付玉和, 宋厚辉, 程昌勇, 吴芹. 单增李斯特菌RAA-exo检测方法的建立和应用. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (5) : 2521 -2534 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250825
Junfeng LI, Jiahui WANG, Ruisheng XIANG, Chenxi LEI, Kexin YU, Yuhe FU, Houhui SONG, Changyong CHENG, Qin WU. Development and application of a recombinase-aided amplification-exonuclease assay for detecting Listeria monocytogenes[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (5) : 2521 -2534 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250825
单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes, LM)隶属于芽孢杆菌目李斯特菌属,是一种呈杆状、无囊膜、无芽孢、有鞭毛的兼性厌氧革兰氏阳性细菌。由于其生长抗逆能力强,生存温度范围广,即便在低温酸性环境中也能存活,因此广泛分布于各类食物中[1]。它被世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)列为四大食源性致病菌(大肠杆菌、肉毒杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌和单增李斯特菌)之一[2]。单增李斯特菌病是一种重要的人畜共患病,可引发人或动物流产、败血症、脑膜炎等严重疾病。该病原菌尤其对新生儿、老年人、孕妇以及免疫缺陷者构成严重威胁,临床死亡率高达20%-30%[3-4]。目前,全球各地仍有单增李斯特菌感染病例的报道,这不仅给畜牧养殖业造成严重经济损失,更严重威胁人类健康和公共卫生安全。因此,为加强对LM污染的检测和监控,亟需针对LM建立一种精准便捷的快速检测方法,以推动源头防控体系的完善与高效运行。
针对LM的检测方法多样,包括传统细菌培养方法[5]、酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay, ELISA)[6]、聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)[7]、环介导等温扩增法(loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP)[8]、重组聚合酶扩增技术(recombinase polymerase amplification, RPA)[9]、重组酶介导扩增技术(recombinase aided amplification, RAA)等快速检测技术。其中,RPA和RAA技术凭借其独特优势在众多快速检测技术中脱颖而出,被视为实现便携式快速核酸检测的重要手段。二者工作原理相同,均在37-42 ℃恒温条件下工作,通过重组酶、单链结合蛋白和DNA聚合酶的协同作用,快速扩增核酸(30 min内完成)。它们灵敏度高(可检测单拷贝核酸),无需热循环仪,适合基层或现场检测。RAA和RPA的核心组分、反应条件和应用几乎一致,主要区别在于酶的来源不同,而且RPA技术所有权在国外,成本较高且供货周期长,而RAA则相对更易获取。与传统的细菌培养方法相比,RPA和RAA技术的检测流程更为简单,检测时间从数日缩短至30 min内;与ELISA技术相比,操作流程简便,无需预先制备单克隆抗体;与PCR技术相比,无需昂贵仪器,也无需复杂的热循环程序(变性、退火和延伸),在常温下即可完成扩增反应,检测时长也大大缩短,30 min内就能完成检测;与LAMP技术相比,只需一对引物,节省了高昂的生物标记成本,且等温扩增温度更低。总之,它们的发展有效弥补了传统细菌检测方法和PCR技术的不足,对基础设施落后地区的现场快速检测更为友好[10]。随着研究的深入,有研究者将RPA/RAA技术与CRISPR/Cas反式剪切技术[11]、侧向层析试纸条(lateral flow assay, LFA)[12]和荧光法[13]相结合,进一步提升了RPA/RAA技术的发展潜力。其中荧光法对设备要求不高,在保持便捷操作的同时兼具高敏感度和高特异性优势,且较CRISPR/Cas反式剪切技术和试纸条检测成本低,具有更广的普适性。基于此,本研究旨在建立一种新的单增李斯特菌RAA-外切酶(RAA-exonuclease, RAA-exo)荧光法,为基层人员开展食源性致病菌现场快速检测提供更为高效、便捷的技术支持。
单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes) EGD-e、绵羊李斯特菌(Listeria ivanii)、西尔李斯特菌(Listeria seeligeri)、英诺克李斯特菌(Listeria innocua)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella) CVCC541、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) ATCC 25922、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus) ATCC 29213、蜡样杆菌(Bacillus cereus) ATCC 11778均保存于浙江农林大学动物预防医学与公共卫生实验室。
ZC-RAA® Basic Kits、ZC-RAA® exo Kits,杭州众测生物科技有限公司;核酸抽提液,北京索莱宝科技有限公司;1×TE缓冲液,生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;核酸裂解液,博迪泰(厦门)生物科技有限公司;高纯度质粒小量快速提取试剂盒,上海惠凌生物技术有限公司。
超微量分光光度计,赛默飞世尔科技公司;荧光定量PCR仪,安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司;PCR仪,伯乐生命医学产品(上海)有限公司;核酸电泳仪,北京六一生物科技有限公司;核酸胶曝光仪,上海硕盟生物科技有限公司。
利用Primer 6.0软件针对靶序列hly基因设计一套可特异性检测单增李斯特菌的RAA引物与exo探针,所有探针均委托杭州有康生物科技有限公司合成,具体引物和探针序列如表1所示。
基于阳性质粒参考品(5×103 copies/µL),将上述RAA引物进行不同组合展开基础RAA扩增反应(a1F/a1R、a1F/a2R、a1F/a3R、a2F/a1R、a2F/a2R、a2F/a3R、a3F/a1R、a3F/a2R、a3F/a3R、a4F/a1R、a4F/a2R、a4F/a3R、a5F/a1R、a5F/a2R、a5F/a3R、b1F/b1R、b1F/b2R、b1F/b3R、b1F/b4R、b2F/b1R、b2F/b2R、b2F/b3R、b2F/b4R、b3F/b1R、b3F/b2R、b3F/b3R、b3F/b4R、b4F/b1R、b4F/b2R、b4F/b3R、b4F/b4R),选取扩增效率较高的引物组合进行荧光RAA扩增反应,以扩增效率为依据筛选出最佳配对方案。基础RAA反应和荧光RAA反应分别按照ZC-RAA® Basic Kits、ZC-RAA® exo Kits说明书操作。
基于筛选出的最佳RAA引物,优化RAA-exo反应体系,分别对A buffer (10%)、B buffer (280 nmol/L)、RAA引物(10 μmol/L)和探针(10 μmol/L)的用量进行优化。以5×103 copies/µL质粒为扩增模板进行荧光RAA反应,将荧光RAA扩增效率最高的组分确定为最优反应体系。其中A buffer的用量分别为20.0、22.5、25.0、27.5、30.0 μL;B buffer的用量分别为2.00、2.25、2.50、2.75、3.00 μL;RAA引物的用量分别为1.6、1.8、2.0、2.2、2.4、2.6 μL;探针的用量分别为0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8 μL。
将质粒梯度稀释成9个稀释度,分别为104、103、102、101、5、2.5、1、0.5、0.25 copies/µL,并设置ddH2O作为阴性对照,将出现阳性结果的最低质粒质量浓度作为检测限。将单增李斯特菌梯度稀释成8个稀释度,分别为104、2×103、103、2×102、102、2×101、101、5 CFU/mL,将出现阳性结果的最低浓度单增李斯特菌作为检测限。
选择单增李斯特菌EGD-e、绵羊李斯特菌、西尔李斯特菌、英诺克李斯特菌、沙门氏菌CVCC541、大肠杆菌ATCC 25922、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213和蜡样芽孢杆菌ATCC 11778进行特异性实验,对所有细菌培养物进行核酸提取并检测,并设置ddH2O作为阴性对照。
采用空白样品添加法制备检测样品,单增李斯特菌在猪肉样品中的添加浓度为LOD。经样品处理后,用3批不同试剂进行检测,每个批次单独进行5次试验。根据每批测定的结果,判断不同批次试剂对方法灵敏度的影响。
人工制备单增李斯特菌污染的猪肉样品44份,取10 g猪肉样品切碎后与90 mL LB肉汤混合,中速均质15 min。往0.9 mL匀浆中分别加入不同浓度的单增李斯特菌,振荡混匀。然后将40份猪肉样品顺序打乱,重新排序制备成盲样。将加标样品以500 r/min低速离心30 s以去除大颗粒猪肉颗粒,取50 μL上清液与50 μL核酸裂解液(含2% Triton X-100、10 mmol/L Tris-HCl、5 mmol/L EDTA、5% Chelex-100、0.2 mol/L海藻糖,pH 8.0)涡旋振荡2 min,然后12 000 r/min离心1 min,取上清进行核酸检测。将44份猪肉样品经裂解液提取核酸后,分别用RAA-exo、行业标准SN/T 5224—2019[14]推荐的实时荧光PCR内标法同时进行检测。根据2种方法的检测结果,评估RAA-exo与行业标准SN/T 5224—2019的符合度。SN/T 5224—2019是海关总署发布的出入境检验检疫行业标准,全称为《出口食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌检验方法-实时荧光PCR内标法》,其核心是为出口食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌提供精准且能监控假阴性的快速检测方案。
将现有的上、下游引物两两配对组合,并进行基础RAA扩增。结果见图1A1B,a1F/a5F/a1R/a3R引物组合的扩增效率明显高于b1F/b4F/b1R/b4R引物组合,因此选取a1F/a5F/a1R/a3R引物组合进行进一步筛选。采用荧光型RAA评价a1F/a5F/a1R/a3R引物组合的核酸扩增效率,结果如图1C所示:所有引物组合均出现特异性扩增曲线。结果显示a5F/a1R组合的出峰时间为3 min,比其他引物组合的出峰时间都早,而且a5F/a1R组合的荧光强度峰值最高,说明a5F/a1R组合具有最高的扩增效率,因此选取a5F/a1R组合作为该单增李斯特菌RAA-exo方法的扩增引物。
RAA-exo反应体系的优化结果见图2,当A buffer使用量从20.0 µL增加至25.0 µL时扩增效率逐渐提高,而继续增加A buffer的用量扩增效率反而下降,因此A buffer的最佳使用量为25.0 µL。如图2B所示,当B buffer的使用量从2.00 µL增加至2.25 µL时,扩增效率逐渐提高,而继续增加B buffer的用量扩增效率反而下降,因此B buffer最佳使用量为2.25 µL。如图2C所示,当引物的使用量从1.6 µL增加至1.8 µL时,扩增效率逐渐提高,而继续增加引物的用量扩增效率不再有明显的提高,因此引物最佳使用量为1.8 µL。如图2D所示,当探针的使用量从0.4 µL增加至0.7 µL,扩增效率逐渐提高,而继续增加探针的用量扩增效率反而下降,因此探针最佳使用量为0.7 µL。因此,选取A buffer 25.0 μL、B buffer 2.25 μL、上下游引物各1.8 μL、探针0.7 μL作为最优反应体系进行后续反应。
菌液灵敏度结果如图3A所示,荧光浓度随着质粒质量浓度的降低而对应降低,当质粒质量浓度低至0.5 copies/µL时该方法仍然出现明显的荧光信号,但当质粒质量浓度继续降低将检测不到荧光信号,因此该方法检测质粒的最低检测限为0.5 copies/µL。菌液灵敏度结果如图3B所示,当细菌浓度低至10 CFU/mL时该方法仍然出现明显的荧光信号,但当细菌浓度继续降低则检测不到荧光信号,因此该方法检测细菌的最低检测限为10 CFU/mL。
特异性评估结果如图3C所示,只有检测单增李斯特菌EGD-e时出现明显的S型扩增曲线,检测绵羊李斯特菌、西尔李斯特菌、英诺克李斯特菌、沙门氏菌CVCC541、大肠杆菌ATCC 25922、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213、蜡样芽孢杆菌ATCC 11778这7种细菌时均未出现明显的扩增曲线,说明该方法仅能检测单增李斯特菌,对其他7种细菌均无交叉反应,特异性高。
本方法应用于猪肉中单增李斯特菌检测的批间重现性结果表明,所有3批不同批次的试剂阳性率均为100%,重现性良好。
本研究人工制备了44份单增李斯特菌污染的猪肉样品,随后采用核酸裂解液进行核酸提取。核酸裂解液对猪肉的耐受性结果如图4E所示,结果显示在猪肉存在的情况下,核酸裂解液对单增李斯特菌的提取效果与无猪肉存在时相近,说明本研究使用的核酸裂解液提取效果良好,可用于实际样品中单增李斯特菌的核酸提取。RAA-exo和行业标准SN/T 5224—2019对44份猪肉样品的检测结果如图4所示,RAA-exo的检测结果见图4A4B,行业标准SN/T 5224—2019的检测结果见图4C4D。根据2个方法的检测结果和方法结果的判定标准制备散点图,见图4F图4F是基于RAA-exo和SN/T 5224—2019实验数据制作的:首先X轴指的是SN/ T 5224—2019的Ct值,以35为分界,Ct值小于35的为阳性样本,超过35的为阴性样本;Y轴是RAA-exo导出的实际样品的荧光强度值,图中的“Threshold value”是RAA-exo的阈值,在阈值线以上的是阳性样本,低于阈值线的是阴性样本。根据2种方法各自的判定标准对检测样品进行判定,结果表明RAA-exo检出阳性样本22个,阴性样本22个(图4A4B);行业标准SN/T 5224—2019检出阳性样本16个,阴性样本28个(图4C4D),而且行业标准SN/T 5224—2019和平板涂布法检出的阳性样本在RAA-exo检测中均被检出。对于差异样本(在RAA-exo中检出,而在行业标准SN/T 5224—2019中未检出)进行了平板计数法验证,结果表明RAA-exo的检测结果与平板计数法一致,表明本方法RAA-exo的检测结果对实际样本的检测结果是可靠的。
单增李斯特菌对低温、酸性、高渗透环境具有强抵抗性,极易在生产和储存过程中污染食品,奶制品、蔬菜、海鲜等重要食物来源均检测出该菌的存在[15],造成广泛的食品污染。据统计,病例患者多为孕妇、新生儿、老年人以及免疫系统虚弱者[16],患病原因多与食用被LM污染的生食或冷冻食品有关。近年来,中国单增李斯特菌病的发生率显著增长,尤其集中于经济较为发达的城市区域[17-18]。该病原菌对孕妇群体构成严重威胁,非围产期孕妇的病死率高达3.78%,围产期孕妇流产及新生儿死亡比例高达32.68%[19]。单增李斯特菌是一种人畜共患病原菌,动物李斯特菌病也在持续被报道,患病动物大部分集中在牛、羊、鸡这3个养殖品种,病死率最高达100%[20],给养殖业造成严重的经济损失。这一系列数据凸显了LM给公共卫生领域带来的巨大挑战,因此需从源头加强防控,建立高效灵敏的检测方法以实现病原的早期识别,保障食品安全与人类健康。
近些年来,针对LM已建立多种快速检测技术。Etty等[21]利用新型载体建立了一种能特异性检测P60蛋白的夹心ELISA方法,提升了检测效率。张海洋等[22]优化了检测抗体与捕获抗体的种类及最佳稀释度,建立双抗体夹心ELISA方法,检测限达103 CFU/mL。赵梦迪[23]制造出ActA单抗竞争ELISA试剂盒,将检测时限缩短至2 h,灵敏度和特异性分别为100%和93.3%。尽管ELISA方法试验设备简单、对操作要求不高,但其灵敏度相较于分子诊断技术表现较差,且需要预先进行前增菌和单克隆抗体制备,过程繁琐且成本较高。分子生物学诊断技术的出现解决了检测时间过长、灵敏度和特异性不高的问题,现有常见核酸检测方法的具体详情和比较见表2。多重PCR可通过设计多个特异性引物实现多病原菌的同时检测,如Boukharouba等[24]建立了一种可同时检测致病性大肠杆菌、单增李斯特菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的多重PCR方法,检测限达10 pg/μL。实时荧光PCR通过对荧光染料的扫描可实现定量检测,如张俊彦等[25]基于叠氮溴化乙锭建立可区分死菌与活菌的实时荧光PCR技术,检测限达每个反应55 CFU。数字PCR技术大大缩短了前增菌耗时,通过荧光信号大小即可对目标物质进行定性和绝对定量分析,如徐佳微等[26]以细胞壁水解酶基为靶基因建立了单增李斯特菌微滴式数字PCR检测方法,最低检测限为6.65 copies/μL。尽管PCR技术在LM检测领域表现出良好的应用优势,然而它需要较为昂贵的仪器、试剂和复杂的热循环程序,限制了其普及与推广。基于此,等温核酸扩增技术应运而生。陈平亚等[27]针对LM的保守基因actA建立LAMP检测方法,灵敏度达64 copies/μL。陈清莹等[28]基于淬灭基团释放建立了可同时检测单增李斯特菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的环介导等温扩增技术(DRQ-LAMP),针对LM的检测限为7.3×102 copies/g。岳慧敏等[29]优化增菌条件后,LAMP检测速冻肉糜类制品中单增李斯特菌的检出限从6.4×104 CFU/g (未增菌)降低至6.4×101 CFU/g,结合6 h前增菌将总时间控制在8 h内。虽然LAMP避免了复杂的热循环程序,但其扩增原理复杂,需要同时使用4-6个特异性引物进行反应,生物标记成本提高,同时检测温度高达60 ℃,并非实现现场快速检测的最优解。RPA和RAA技术凭借其独特优势在多种快速检测技术中脱颖而出,可在37-42 ℃恒温下工作,检测速度快(30 min内完成),灵敏度高。研究者还将RPA/RAA技术与荧光法、试纸条法和CRISPR/Cas联合使用,进一步提高RPA/RAA技术的灵敏度、特异性,以及扩大方法的应用范围。郭瑞等[30]基于hlyA基因开发荧光型RAA快速检测技术,质粒最低检测限为1 copy/μL,菌液核酸最低检测限为103 CFU/mL。Garrido-Maestu等[31]研究开发了荧光型RPA,应用于检测熏三文鱼样本中LM,其LOD50为6.3 CFU/25 g。Chen等[32]在LFA中使用铕纳米颗粒作为荧光探针以提高灵敏度,开发了一种RPA-LFA,可在37 ℃下、30 min内同时检测3种食源性病原体,其中LM的检测限为9 CFU/mL。Yang等[33]建立了LM的RAA-CRISPR Cas12a检测方法,菌液最低检测限为350 CFU/mL,质粒最低检测限为5.4×103 ng/μL。Xiao等[34]的研究开发了一种LM的RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a检测方法,其检测限为4.4 CFU/g。其中,荧光法对设备要求不高,在保持便捷操作的同时兼具高敏感度和高特异性优势,较CRISPR/Cas反式剪切技术和试纸条检测成本低,具有更广的普适性。
为进一步提升荧光型RAA的灵敏度,本研究优化了各项反应条件,建立一项新的单增李斯特菌RAA-exo检测方法。本研究基于靶基因hly设计出一系列RAA引物,分析不同组合对扩增效率的影响,确定最佳引物组合为a5F/a1R。基于最佳的引物,系统优化反应体系,包括A buffer、B buffer、RAA引物和探针的使用量,显著提升了方法的灵敏度、特异性和准确度。根据性能评估结果得知,该单增李斯特菌RAA-exo检测方法表现出卓越的灵敏度,最低检测限达0.5 copies/μL。同时其特异性高度集中于单增李斯特菌,对绵羊李斯特菌、西尔李斯特菌、英诺克李斯特菌等其他李斯特菌无交叉反应,对沙门氏菌CVCC541、大肠杆菌ATCC 25922、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213、蜡样芽孢杆菌ATCC 11778等几种食源性致病菌也无交叉反应。在实际样品检测阶段,44份猪肉样本的检测结果准确率高于SN/T 5224—2019行标法,验证了其检测结果的可靠性。此外,该检测方法操作温度低(37 ℃),无复杂的热循环程序,检测周期短(20 min),只需裂解液来提取核酸,较核酸提取设备和试剂盒操作简便,普适性更高,在食品样本中单增李斯特菌即时检测领域具有广阔的市场应用潜力。
  • 浙江省“尖兵领雁+X”国际科技合作项目(2025C04009)
  • 浙江农林大学学校科研发展基金(2021LFR044)
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250825
  • 接收时间:2025-11-03
  • 首发时间:2026-05-09
  • 出版时间:2026-05-04
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-03
  • 录用日期:2026-01-05
基金
The Key Research and Development International Cooperation Program of Zhejiang Province(2025C04009)
浙江省“尖兵领雁+X”国际科技合作项目(2025C04009)
The Zhejiang A&F University Talents Starting Program(2021LFR044)
浙江农林大学学校科研发展基金(2021LFR044)
作者信息
    1.浙江农林大学 动物医学院,浙江省畜禽绿色生态健康养殖应用技术研究重点实验室,动物健康互联网检测技术浙江省工程研究中心,浙江省动物医学与健康管理国际科技合作基地,同一健康和食品安全一带一路 国际联合实验室,中澳动物健康大数据分析联合实验室,浙江 杭州
    2.浙江领与生物科技有限公司,浙江 杭州
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250825
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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