Article(id=1242175012669583522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242175008705966230, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240491, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1722873600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1728835200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-10-14, onlineDate=1774087201516, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1735920000000, pubDateStr=2025-01-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774087201516, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774087201516, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774087201516, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242175008705966230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='415', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774087200568, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774087310368, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242175469299270453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242175008705966230, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242175469299270454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242175008705966230, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=196, endPage=210, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242175017463673028, articleId=1242175012669583522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=The impact of compound probiotics supplementation on gut microbiota structure, short-chain fatty acids profile, and inflammatory cytokine levels in Chinese wrestlers, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To observe the effects of supplementing compound probiotics on the structure of gut microbiota, content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and levels of inflammatory cytokines in Chinese wrestlers. [Methods] Eighteen non-sports undergraduates from Shandong Sport University were recruited as a control group, while 30 Chinese wrestlers served as the experimental group. Both groups received oral compound probiotics for 8 weeks. Venous blood and stool samples were collected before and after the intervention. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure inflammatory cytokines levels in plasma. The structural characteristics of gut microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3−V4 region, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to determine SCFAs content in stool samples. [Results] Prior to the intervention, the experimental group exhibited lower levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.01), and higher levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) compared to the control group (P < 0.001). After 8 weeks of probiotic supplementation, plasma levels of IL-6 and CRP in the Chinese wrestlers further declined (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Before the intervention, the abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis was higher in Chinese wrestlers than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Following 8 weeks of supplementation, Chinese wrestlers showed an increased abundance of Collinsella (P < 0.01), a decreased abundance of Faecalibacterium (P < 0.01), and reduced α-diversity in gut microbiota (P < 0.01). Prior to the intervention, there was no significant difference in SCFAs content between the two groups. After 8 weeks of intervention with compound probiotics, the content of acetic acid and butyric acid in the stool samples increased in both the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and the experimental group (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis results indicated a positive correlation between B. adolescentis abundance and plasma IL-10 level (r=0.233, P=0.037) and negative correlations of B. adolescentis and C. aerofaciens abundance with plasma IL-6 level (r=−0.499, P=0.000; r=−0.366, P=0.001) in Chinese wrestlers. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between C. aerofaciens abundance and the butyric acid content in stool samples of Chinese wrestlers (r=0.243, P=0.032). [Conclusion] The 8 weeks intervention with compound probiotics effectively reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in plasma. Furthermore, it enhanced the abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the gut microbiota, promoting the production of SCFAs, and improving anti-inflammatory capacity.

, correspAuthors=Jibin SHA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*SHA Jibin, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tingting XIE, Mengyao ZHANG, Tengfei HUO, Tingting LI, Chenjing QI, Lijuan WANG, Hongmei SUN, Haixia LIU, Jibin SHA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1242175022408757711, articleId=1242175012669583522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=补充复合益生菌对中国式摔跤运动员肠道菌群结构、短链脂肪酸含量与炎性因子浓度的影响, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】观察补充复合益生菌对中国式摔跤运动员肠道菌群结构、短链脂肪酸(short chain fatty acids, SCFAs)含量与炎性因子浓度的影响。【方法】招募18名山东省体育学院非体育专业在校大学生为对照组,30名中国式摔跤运动员作为实验组;两组受试者均按计划口服复合益生菌8周。在复合益生菌干预前、后空腹采集静脉血,并收集粪便样本。采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)测定血浆中的炎性因子浓度;采用16S rRNA基因测序技术分析其肠道菌群结构特征,测定区域为V3−V4区;采用气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)检测粪便中SCFAs的含量。【结果】干预前,中国式摔跤运动员血浆中白细胞介素-1 (interleukin 1, IL-1)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin 6, IL-6)和C反应蛋白(C reactive protein, CRP)浓度均显著低于对照组(P < 0.001,P < 0.01,P < 0.01),白细胞介素10 (interleukin 10, IL-10)浓度显著高于对照组(P < 0.001);8周复合益生菌干预后,中国式摔跤运动员血浆中IL-6和CRP浓度均呈进一步显著降低(P < 0.01, P < 0.05)。干预前,中国式摔跤运动员肠道菌群中青春双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium adolescentis)的丰度显著高于对照组(P < 0.01);8周复合益生菌干预后,中国式摔跤运动员组柯林斯氏菌属(Collinsella)丰度显著增加(P < 0.01),而栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)丰度显著降低(P < 0.01);其肠道菌群α多样性显著降低(P < 0.01)。干预前,中国式摔跤运动员粪便中短链脂肪酸含量与对照组之间未见显著差异;8周复合益生菌干预后,对照组粪便样本中乙酸、丁酸的含量均显著增加(P < 0.01,P < 0.05),中国式摔跤运动员粪便样本中乙酸、丁酸的含量均显著增加(P < 0.05)。相关性分析结果提示,中国式摔跤运动员的青春双歧杆菌丰度与血浆中IL-10浓度呈显著正相关(r=0.233,P=0.037);青春双歧杆菌丰度和产气柯林斯氏菌丰度与血浆中IL-6浓度呈显著负相关(r=−0.499,P=0.000;r=−0.366,P=0.001);产气柯林斯氏菌丰度与粪便中丁酸含量呈显著正相关(r=0.243,P=0.032)。【结论】中国式摔跤运动员经8周复合益生菌干预可有效降低血浆促炎因子浓度,提高抗炎因子浓度,提升其肠道菌群中产丁酸菌的丰度,并使其短链脂肪酸生成增加,进而可有效提升其机体抗炎能力。

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Con: Controls; Con.pro: Controls after 8 weeks probiotics intervention; Wre: Wrestlers; Wre.pro: Wrestlers after 8 weeks probiotics intervention. #: P < 0.05, ##: P < 0.01, ###: P < 0.001, intragroup comparison; *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001, intergroup comparison., figureFileSmall=8XNjBR3QuTU8cOX4YGRuzQ==, figureFileBig=CsLz/WytkeUwkWEH0LjFtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300008523580378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175012669583522, language=CN, label=图1, caption=八周复合益生菌干预前、后运动员组和对照组血浆炎性因子浓度的变化, figureFileSmall=8XNjBR3QuTU8cOX4YGRuzQ==, figureFileBig=CsLz/WytkeUwkWEH0LjFtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300008661992418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175012669583522, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Changes in gut microbiota alpha diversity of athletes before and after 8 weeks of compound probiotic intervention. Con: Controls; Con.pro: Controls after 8 weeks probiotics intervention; Wre: Wrestlers; Wre.pro: Wrestlers after 8 weeks probiotics intervention. #: P < 0.05, ##: P < 0.01, intragroup comparison., figureFileSmall=2DoyyA9yD6R8QlvN4AJiSg==, figureFileBig=sfXYcwbigSwX7YpLnk7fOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300008758461418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175012669583522, language=CN, label=图2, caption=八周复合益生菌干预前、后运动员肠道菌群α多样性变化, figureFileSmall=2DoyyA9yD6R8QlvN4AJiSg==, figureFileBig=sfXYcwbigSwX7YpLnk7fOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300008854930415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175012669583522, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Changes in gut microbiota beta diversity of athletes before and after 8 weeks of compound probiotic intervention. 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Con: Controls; Con.pro: Controls after 8 weeks probiotics intervention; Wre: Wrestlers; Wre.pro: Wrestlers after 8 weeks probiotics intervention. ##: P < 0.01, ###: P < 0.001, intragroup comparison; *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01, intergroup comparison., figureFileSmall=VXnVH28YT2q8lmeXR3FK/Q==, figureFileBig=pYhPs0IxOXinCRImrjfpfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300009148531713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175012669583522, language=CN, label=图4, caption=八周复合益生菌干预前、后不同组别有差异菌属的丰度变化, figureFileSmall=VXnVH28YT2q8lmeXR3FK/Q==, figureFileBig=pYhPs0IxOXinCRImrjfpfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300009207250949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175012669583522, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Changes in the abundance of differential species in different groups before and after 8 weeks of compound probiotic intervention. Con: Controls; Con.pro: Controls after 8 weeks probiotics intervention; Wre: Wrestlers; Wre.pro: Wrestlers after 8 weeks probiotics intervention. #: P < 0.05, ###: P < 0.001, intragroup comparison; *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01, intergroup comparison., figureFileSmall=HzYgZ5gpdYOku/RIf+LnLg==, figureFileBig=c6aLFpbJgCao/neG/i9CWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300009307914252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175012669583522, language=CN, label=图5, caption=八周复合益生菌干预前、后不同组别有差异菌种的丰度变化, figureFileSmall=HzYgZ5gpdYOku/RIf+LnLg==, figureFileBig=c6aLFpbJgCao/neG/i9CWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300009395994642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175012669583522, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Changes in short-chain fatty acids content in fecal samples of subjects from different groups before and after 8 weeks of compound probiotic intervention. 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Comparison of basic characteristics between the Chinese wrestling athlete group and the control group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupAgeHeight (m)Weight (kg)BMI
与对照组相比,运动员组的年龄、身高、体重、身体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)均未见有显著性差异(P > 0.05)。
Compared with the control group, there were no significant differences in age, height, weight, or body mass index in the athlete group (P > 0.05).
Control
(n=18)
19.80±1.211.76±0.0764.20±9.3720.68±1.90
Wrestler
(n=30)
20.46±1.501.69±0.0963.32±11.4922.07±2.68
), ArticleFig(id=1243300010255827005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175012669583522, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中国式摔跤运动员组和对照组的基本情况对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupAgeHeight (m)Weight (kg)BMI
与对照组相比,运动员组的年龄、身高、体重、身体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)均未见有显著性差异(P > 0.05)。
Compared with the control group, there were no significant differences in age, height, weight, or body mass index in the athlete group (P > 0.05).
Control
(n=18)
19.80±1.211.76±0.0764.20±9.3720.68±1.90
Wrestler
(n=30)
20.46±1.501.69±0.0963.32±11.4922.07±2.68
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补充复合益生菌对中国式摔跤运动员肠道菌群结构、短链脂肪酸含量与炎性因子浓度的影响
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谢婷婷 1 , 张梦瑶 2 , 霍腾飞 2 , 李婷婷 1 , 齐晨静 1 , 王利娟 1, 3 , 孙红梅 4 , 刘海霞 5 , 沙继斌 4, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(1): 196-210
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(1): 196-210
补充复合益生菌对中国式摔跤运动员肠道菌群结构、短链脂肪酸含量与炎性因子浓度的影响
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谢婷婷1, 张梦瑶2, 霍腾飞2, 李婷婷1, 齐晨静1, 王利娟1, 3, 孙红梅4, 刘海霞5, 沙继斌4, *
作者信息
  • 1 山东体育学院 研究生教育学院, 山东 济南 250102
  • 2 山东体育学院 武术学院, 山东 日照 276826
  • 3 昌吉学院 体育与健康学院, 新疆 昌吉 831100
  • 4 山东体育学院 运动与健康学院, 山东 济南 250102
  • 5 中科宜康(北京)生物科技有限公司, 北京 100176
The impact of compound probiotics supplementation on gut microbiota structure, short-chain fatty acids profile, and inflammatory cytokine levels in Chinese wrestlers
Tingting XIE1, Mengyao ZHANG2, Tengfei HUO2, Tingting LI1, Chenjing QI1, Lijuan WANG1, 3, Hongmei SUN4, Haixia LIU5, Jibin SHA4, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
  • 2 School of Martial Arts, Shandong Sport University, Rizhao 276826 Shandong, China
  • 3 College of Physical Education and Health, Changji University, Changji 831100, Xinjiang, China
  • 4 College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
  • 5 Zhongke Yikang (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
出版时间: 2025-01-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240491
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【目的】观察补充复合益生菌对中国式摔跤运动员肠道菌群结构、短链脂肪酸(short chain fatty acids, SCFAs)含量与炎性因子浓度的影响。【方法】招募18名山东省体育学院非体育专业在校大学生为对照组,30名中国式摔跤运动员作为实验组;两组受试者均按计划口服复合益生菌8周。在复合益生菌干预前、后空腹采集静脉血,并收集粪便样本。采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)测定血浆中的炎性因子浓度;采用16S rRNA基因测序技术分析其肠道菌群结构特征,测定区域为V3−V4区;采用气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)检测粪便中SCFAs的含量。【结果】干预前,中国式摔跤运动员血浆中白细胞介素-1 (interleukin 1, IL-1)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin 6, IL-6)和C反应蛋白(C reactive protein, CRP)浓度均显著低于对照组(P < 0.001,P < 0.01,P < 0.01),白细胞介素10 (interleukin 10, IL-10)浓度显著高于对照组(P < 0.001);8周复合益生菌干预后,中国式摔跤运动员血浆中IL-6和CRP浓度均呈进一步显著降低(P < 0.01, P < 0.05)。干预前,中国式摔跤运动员肠道菌群中青春双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium adolescentis)的丰度显著高于对照组(P < 0.01);8周复合益生菌干预后,中国式摔跤运动员组柯林斯氏菌属(Collinsella)丰度显著增加(P < 0.01),而栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)丰度显著降低(P < 0.01);其肠道菌群α多样性显著降低(P < 0.01)。干预前,中国式摔跤运动员粪便中短链脂肪酸含量与对照组之间未见显著差异;8周复合益生菌干预后,对照组粪便样本中乙酸、丁酸的含量均显著增加(P < 0.01,P < 0.05),中国式摔跤运动员粪便样本中乙酸、丁酸的含量均显著增加(P < 0.05)。相关性分析结果提示,中国式摔跤运动员的青春双歧杆菌丰度与血浆中IL-10浓度呈显著正相关(r=0.233,P=0.037);青春双歧杆菌丰度和产气柯林斯氏菌丰度与血浆中IL-6浓度呈显著负相关(r=−0.499,P=0.000;r=−0.366,P=0.001);产气柯林斯氏菌丰度与粪便中丁酸含量呈显著正相关(r=0.243,P=0.032)。【结论】中国式摔跤运动员经8周复合益生菌干预可有效降低血浆促炎因子浓度,提高抗炎因子浓度,提升其肠道菌群中产丁酸菌的丰度,并使其短链脂肪酸生成增加,进而可有效提升其机体抗炎能力。

中国式摔跤  /  肠道菌群  /  短链脂肪酸  /  炎性因子

[Objective] To observe the effects of supplementing compound probiotics on the structure of gut microbiota, content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and levels of inflammatory cytokines in Chinese wrestlers. [Methods] Eighteen non-sports undergraduates from Shandong Sport University were recruited as a control group, while 30 Chinese wrestlers served as the experimental group. Both groups received oral compound probiotics for 8 weeks. Venous blood and stool samples were collected before and after the intervention. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure inflammatory cytokines levels in plasma. The structural characteristics of gut microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3−V4 region, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to determine SCFAs content in stool samples. [Results] Prior to the intervention, the experimental group exhibited lower levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.01), and higher levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) compared to the control group (P < 0.001). After 8 weeks of probiotic supplementation, plasma levels of IL-6 and CRP in the Chinese wrestlers further declined (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Before the intervention, the abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis was higher in Chinese wrestlers than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Following 8 weeks of supplementation, Chinese wrestlers showed an increased abundance of Collinsella (P < 0.01), a decreased abundance of Faecalibacterium (P < 0.01), and reduced α-diversity in gut microbiota (P < 0.01). Prior to the intervention, there was no significant difference in SCFAs content between the two groups. After 8 weeks of intervention with compound probiotics, the content of acetic acid and butyric acid in the stool samples increased in both the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and the experimental group (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis results indicated a positive correlation between B. adolescentis abundance and plasma IL-10 level (r=0.233, P=0.037) and negative correlations of B. adolescentis and C. aerofaciens abundance with plasma IL-6 level (r=−0.499, P=0.000; r=−0.366, P=0.001) in Chinese wrestlers. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between C. aerofaciens abundance and the butyric acid content in stool samples of Chinese wrestlers (r=0.243, P=0.032). [Conclusion] The 8 weeks intervention with compound probiotics effectively reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in plasma. Furthermore, it enhanced the abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the gut microbiota, promoting the production of SCFAs, and improving anti-inflammatory capacity.

Chinese wrestling  /  gut microbiota  /  short-chain fatty acids  /  inflammatory cytokines
谢婷婷, 张梦瑶, 霍腾飞, 李婷婷, 齐晨静, 王利娟, 孙红梅, 刘海霞, 沙继斌. 补充复合益生菌对中国式摔跤运动员肠道菌群结构、短链脂肪酸含量与炎性因子浓度的影响. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (1) : 196 -210 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240491
Tingting XIE, Mengyao ZHANG, Tengfei HUO, Tingting LI, Chenjing QI, Lijuan WANG, Hongmei SUN, Haixia LIU, Jibin SHA. The impact of compound probiotics supplementation on gut microbiota structure, short-chain fatty acids profile, and inflammatory cytokine levels in Chinese wrestlers[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (1) : 196 -210 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240491
肠道菌群构成了一个极其复杂且高度动态变化的微生态系统,它在宿主的新陈代谢调控中扮演着至关重要的角色[1]。近年来,运动与肠道菌群之间存在的紧密联系,得到研究者的高度关注[2],已有学者尝试提出“运动员微生物组”(athletic microbiome)这一概念。其核心要点在于,运动训练会使运动员的肠道菌群发生特征性的适应性变化[3]。即不同专项训练会促使运动员形成不同的肠道微生态系统结构特征,而这关键性的差异会受到专项特点、训练量、训练强度、运动时长等多重因素的影响。同时,肠道菌群的这一特征性改变,又可能直接影响到运动员的运动能力与表现。其机制在于运动员肠道菌群所产生的特征性改变,可通过肠道菌群代谢产物(如短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸)的生成,参与调节宿主代谢,从而直接影响运动员的能量供应。
中国式摔跤是中国传统的体育项目之一,与柔道、相扑、自由式摔跤、古典式摔跤和桑博并称为“世界六大跤种”。从项目特征来看,中国式摔跤更加注重“以巧制胜”,强调快速、灵活和有效的配合。在训练与比赛过程中,需要运动员达成速度力量、肌肉耐力和爆发力的有效耦合。正是基于这一项目特征,中国式摔跤运动员所承受的专项运动负荷,同样会促使其肠道菌群结构产生特征性的适应改变[4],进而可影响运动员的运动能力与表现。
益生菌是在适当剂量下给宿主带来健康益处的活的微生物,其对健康的促进作用已得到广泛的验证[5]。近年来,有研究者较为系统地分析了补充食物来源的植物乳杆(Lactobacillus plantarum) TWK10对机体运动能力的影响,研究首次发现补充植物乳杆菌TWK10可有效提升小鼠的运动能力[5-6];进而观察到口服植物乳杆菌TWK10可提升健康成年人的有氧耐力[7],并可有效增加老年人的肌肉质量[8]。此外,在给小鼠补充从举重奥运会冠军肠道中分离得到的长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum) OLP-01菌株后,发现小鼠的肌肉力量与抗疲劳能力均显著提升[9]。这些研究结果提示,补充功能明确的益生菌能够有效调节宿主的肠道菌群,进而提升宿主的运动能力及表现。
与单一益生菌相比,复合益生菌对肠道菌群结构、代谢产物生成和肠道黏膜屏障完整性的影响可能会更为显著。因此,本研究拟在观察分析中国式摔跤运动员肠道菌群结构特征的基础上。进一步关注补充复合益生菌对其肠道菌群结构与机体代谢所产生的影响,并对其应答模式所存在的差异进行实证性分析。
本研究招募受试者包括对照组18人、运动员组30人。其中中国式摔跤运动员组均为国家二级及以上运动级别的运动员,包括运动健将11人,一级运动员12人,二级运动员7人,其中有1人为52公斤级世界杯冠军,5人为全国中国式摔跤比赛冠军,2人为全国大学生中国式摔跤比赛冠军。对照组均为山东体育学院非体育专业的在校大学生,身体健康,无不良嗜好。受试者的排除标准:(1) 有任何外伤史或感染史;(2) 在实验前3个月内或实验期间使用过抗生素和非甾体抗炎药物;(3) 有影响肠道菌群或者身体健康的其他严重疾病或状况。其基本情况如表1所示。本研究已得到山东体育学院运动科学伦理委员会的审核批准。所有受试者在实验前均签署了《受试者知情同意书》。
本研究使用的混合益生菌冻干粉制剂由某生物科技公司提供,生产批号:SLZY0701D4a03A06,规格:2 g/袋。混合益生菌(活菌数200亿CFU/袋)配方:乳双歧杆菌HN019、两歧双歧杆菌Bb06、动物双歧杆菌BB-12、乳双歧杆菌Bi07、长双歧杆菌R175、动物双歧杆菌B94、鼠李糖乳杆菌GG、干酪乳杆菌LC11、瑞士乳杆菌R52、副干酪乳杆菌Lpc37、植物乳杆菌R1012、罗伊氏乳杆菌HA188、鼠李糖乳杆菌R11、嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM、嗜热链球菌St21。
对照组和中国式摔跤运动员组每天于固定时间服用复合益生菌,每次1袋(2 g),每日2次,持续服用8周。
运动员组和对照组在补充复合益生菌8周后,清晨通过肘静脉分别采集两组受试者的空腹静脉血,并将血液置于含乙二胺四乙酸(ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid, EDTA)的采血管中,经4 ℃、3 500 r/min离心5 min后收集血浆。将离心后收集到的血浆严格按照ELISA试剂盒(武汉伊莱瑞特生物科技股份有限公司)说明书的操作步骤进行,检测样本中的白细胞介素1 (interleukin 1, IL-1)、白细胞介素6 (interleukin 6, IL-6)、白细胞介素10 (interleukin 10, IL-10)和超敏C反应蛋白(C reactive protein, CRP)。
在复合益生菌干预前和复合益生菌干预结束后24−48 h内,分别采集两组受试者的粪便样本,用无菌离心管采集2管受试者粪便样本,立即放入−80 ℃的低温箱保存备用。送至北京诺禾致源科技股份有限公司进行细菌16S rRNA基因测序和生物信息学分析。
按照粪便基因组RNA提取试剂盒(Bio-NE公司)的操作方法,提取合格的DNA。对检测合格的DNA样品进行粪便细菌16S rRNA基因的V3−V4区进行PCR扩增,所用引物为515F (5′-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3′)和515R (5′-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′)。PCR反应体系(15 μL):Phusion® High-Fidelity PCR Master Mix [纽英伦生物技术(北京)有限公司] 15 μL,上、下游引物(0.02 μmol/L)各1 μL,基因组DNA模板10 ng。PCR反应条件:98 ℃预变性1 min;98 ℃变性10 s,50 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,进行30次循环;72 ℃保持5 min进行终延伸。PCR反应结束后,使用2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测产物,并对合格的PCR产物进行磁珠纯化,收集纯化的PCR产物。随后,进行文库构建,并使用Qubit和qPCR方法对构建好的文库进行定量,文库合格后,使用Illumina NovaSeq 6000进行PE250上机测序。
准确称量短链脂肪酸(short chains fatty acids, SCFAs),包括乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸、己酸标准品,用乙醚配置成0.05、0.01、0.05、1、5、10、25、50、100、250 μg/mL等10个混合标准浓度梯度。实验过程中,取粪便100 mg,首先加入100 μL 15%磷酸,再加50 μg/mL的内标(异己酸)溶液100 μL和乙醚400 μL匀浆1 min,于4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心10 min后,取上清上机测试。气相色谱质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)测序程序:选用亲水性相互作用液相色谱-蜡质(hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-wax, HP-INNOWAX)毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm);分流进样,进样量1 μL,分流比10:1。进样口温度250 ℃;离子源温度230 ℃;传输线温度250 ℃,四级杆温度150 ℃。程序升温起始温度90 ℃;然后再以10 ℃/min升温至120 ℃;再以5 ℃/min升温至150 ℃;最后以25 ℃/min升温至250 ℃维持2 min。载气为氮气,载气流速1.0 mL/min。质谱(mass spectrometry, MS)条件:电子轰击电离(electron ionization, EI)源,全扫及选择离子监测(selected ion monitoring, SIM)扫描方式,电子能量70 eV。上述实验内容由苏州帕诺米克生物科技股份有限公司协助完成。
使用SPSS 20.0统计学软件进行数据统计分析,数据以mean±SD表示,当数据满足正态分布时,组内采用配对t检验进行统计分析,组间采用两独立样本t检验进行统计分析;当数据不满足正态分布时,采用秩和检验进行统计分析,显著性水平设为P < 0.05。实验所得数据使用GraphPad Prism 9.0进行制图。
图1所示,干预前,运动员组血浆中IL-1、IL-6、CRP的水平显著低于对照组(P < 0.001,P < 0.01,P < 0.01),IL-10的水平显著高于对照组(P < 0.001);8周复合益生菌干预后,两组的组内比较发现,运动员组和对照组IL-6和CRP水平均显著下降(P < 0.01,P < 0.05);两组的组间比较发现,运动员组的IL-1和CRP均显著低于对照组(P < 0.01,P < 0.001),IL-10水平显著高于对照组(P < 0.001)。
图2所示,通过对ACE指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数的比对发现,干预前,运动员组与对照组的α多样性无显著差异;8周复合益生菌干预后,两组的组间比较无显著差异;两组的组内比较发现,α多样性均呈现显著下降的趋势(P < 0.01,P < 0.05)。
图3所示,对干预前、后的对照组和运动员组的肠道菌群进行主成分分析(principal components analysis, PCA)和主坐标分析(principal coordinates analysis, PCoA)。结果显示,经过8周复合益生菌干预后,通过两组的组内比较发现,对照组组内距离有较大差距,运动员组的组内距离有更集中的趋势;组间比较发现,运动员组与对照组的多样性趋于相似。上述结果提示复合益生菌干预可影响运动员肠道菌群的组成。
图4所示,干预前,运动员组双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)和布劳特氏菌属(Blautia)丰度显著高于对照组(P < 0.05,P < 0.01),运动员组的栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)显著低于对照组(P < 0.01);8周复合益生菌干预后,两组的组内比较运动员组和对照组柯林斯氏菌属(Collinsella)丰度显著增加(P < 0.01),两组的栖粪杆菌属丰度则显著降低(P < 0.01)。
图5所示,干预前,运动员组的青春双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium adolescentis)显著高于对照组(P < 0.01);8周复合益生菌干预后,两组的组内比较显示,运动员组和对照组的青春双歧杆菌和产气柯林斯氏菌(Collinsella aerofaciens)的丰度均进一步显著增加(P < 0.001,P < 0.05)。
图6所示,干预前,运动员组与对照组SCFAs浓度无显著差异;8周复合益生菌干预后,两组组内比较对照组(P < 0.01,P < 0.05)和运动员组(P < 0.05,P < 0.05)的乙酸、丁酸浓度均显著增加。对照组的丙酸、戊酸和己酸有上升趋势但无明显差异。
图7所示,短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)、青春双歧杆菌、柏之叶双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense)与IL-10呈显著正相关(r=0.360,P=0.001;r=0.233,P=0.037;r=0.221,P=0.049);肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)与IL-10呈显著负相关(r=−0.264,P=0.018),青春双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium bifidum)、产气柯林斯氏菌、戊糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus pentosus)、短乳杆菌、柏之叶双歧杆菌与IL-6呈显著负相关(r=−0.499,P=0.000;r=−0.416,P=0.000;r=−0.366,P=0.001;r=−0.351,P=0.001;r=−0.302,P=0.006;r=−0.256,P=0.022),戊糖乳杆菌、短乳杆菌与CRP呈显著负相关(r=−0.305,P=0.006;r=−0.259,P=0.020),甲酸芽植菌与IL-1呈显著负相关(r=−0.222,P=0.048)。
图8所示,青春双歧杆菌、产气柯林斯氏菌、柏之叶双歧杆菌、戊糖乳杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌与乙酸呈显著正相关(r=0.353,P=0.002;r=0.272,P=0.016;r=0.241,P=0.033;r=0.230,P=0.043;r=0.229,P=0.044),产气柯林斯氏菌与丁酸呈显著正相关(r=0.243,P=0.032);甲酸芽殖菌与异丁酸呈显著负相关(r=−0.279,P=0.013)。
中国式摔跤运动的生理特点决定了其对运动员身体素质的高要求,因此需要运动员具备较强的无氧耐力和高强度的肌肉力量需求。在剧烈运动和比赛后,运动员体内的炎症细胞因子水平显著上升[10],引发不同程度的炎症反应。其中,IL-1、IL-6和CRP是人体重要的炎症介质[11],在长时间运动后,IL-1水平随着疲劳程度波动。相比之下,骨骼肌的剧烈收缩则会诱导机体释放IL-6,后者作为CRP的调节因子,通过与肝细胞受体结合刺激CRP合成,从而增强宿主免疫应答。同时,IL-6还能促进TNF-α、IL-1β等促炎因子的表达,进一步加剧炎症反应[12]。然而,IL-6的上调也会诱导机体分泌IL-10,两者相互调节,保持动态平衡。IL-10作为重要的抗炎因子,能有效抑制多种促炎细胞因子,如TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6和IL-12,同时调节免疫细胞活性,减轻炎症反应,防止组织过度损伤。本研究结果显示,补充复合益生菌8周后,运动员组的IL-6和CRP水平相较于干预前显著降低。与对照组相比,经过复合益生菌干预后,运动员组的IL-1和CRP水平显著低于对照组,而IL-10的水平则显著升高。Thongprayoon等[13]研究表明,在经过益生菌干预后,运动员组炎性因子的水平显著下降,这说明补充复合益生菌能够显著降低IL-6和CPR水平。在多囊卵巢综合征人群中,为期12周的益生菌干预能够有效下调机体的IL-6和CPR水平[14]。另外一项随机对照的益生菌干预试验发现,进行益生菌干预的两组乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)丰度显著升高,并伴随肠道炎症反应的减少[15]。因此,补充复合益生菌能够有效降低运动员体内的促炎因子,显著缓解运动引发的炎症反应,同时促进抗炎因子IL-10的释放,从而帮助维持炎症与抗炎的平衡,对改善运动员机体的炎症反应具有积极作用。
本研究表明,补充复合益生菌后,运动员组的肠道菌群α多样性显著下降,而β多样性则与对照组更为接近。类似的现象也在绝经后肥胖女性接受复合益生菌干预的研究中被观察到[16],其中α多样性同样呈现出下降趋势。此外,一项关于儿童和青少年肥胖的研究也发现,益生菌组的α多样性在干预后也有所下降[17]。这些变化可能是由于肠道菌群的竞争抑制机制,即益生菌通过特定菌种的增殖和竞争抑制了其他菌群的生长,使肠道内的原生菌群减少和总体菌群丰富度的降低,也可能是由于益生菌的补充导致特定菌群的增加,从而减少了整体的物种多样性。
本研究结果显示,在8周复合益生菌干预前,运动员组双歧杆菌属和布劳特氏菌属丰度显著高于对照组(P < 0.05,P < 0.01),运动员组栖粪杆菌属丰度显著低于对照组(P < 0.01)。这与一项针对久坐(sedentary, SET)与体力活动频繁(active, ACT)女性的肠道菌群差异研究结果相吻合[18],该研究发现ACT组双歧杆菌属和乳酸杆菌属丰度显著高于SET组。这表明运动员长期高强度训练可能导致肠道微环境发生变化,运动训练作为影响肠道菌群结构的独立因素可直接影响肠道菌群的结构特征,不同运动专项运动员的肠道菌群结构有着显著差异。8周复合益生菌干预后,组内比较发现运动员组和对照组柯林斯氏菌属丰度显著增加(P < 0.01),而两组的栖粪杆菌属丰度则显著降低(P < 0.01)。Przewłócka等[19]通过对综合格斗运动员为期4周的益生菌和维生素D3联合干预发现,联合干预组的柯林斯氏菌属丰度增加,肠道上皮细胞的通透性得到改善,运动中的耐力时间也延长。另外,一项对健康人群的益生菌干预研究也表明,柯林斯氏菌属的丰度显著增加,同时其他产生SCFAs的菌群,如布劳特氏菌属和梭状链杆菌属等也有所增加,但并未观察到栖粪杆菌属有显著增加[20]。柯林斯氏菌属能够发酵膳食纤维,产生SCFAs如丁酸来维持肠道屏障功能[21],此外柯林斯氏菌属具有良好的抗炎和免疫调节作用[22-23],在宿主能量代谢中发挥着重要的作用。这提示复合益生菌干预能够显著改变肠道菌群的结构特征,促进特定有益菌(如柯林斯氏菌)丰度增加,导致栖粪杆菌丰度减少。本研究进一步发现,在运动员组中,复合益生菌干预后青春双歧杆菌和产气柯林斯氏菌的丰度均存在显著差异。这些结果表明,复合益生菌干预能够显著改变肠道菌群的结构特征,促进特定有益菌丰度的增加。
肠道菌群的代谢产物SCFAs与益生菌之间存在着密切的关系,研究显示通过8周的益生菌补充,能够显著促进滑雪运动员SCFAs的生成,同时胆汁酸的合成受到抑制,从而对运动表现产生积极影响[24];在最近的一项针对200例功能性消化不良的患者进行的益生菌干预实验中[25],也发现高剂量益生菌组产生的SCFAs含量明显高于其他三组,并且能够有效改善患者的功能性消化不良。此外,一项来自小鼠的研究指出[26],口服益生菌能够增加肠道中丁酸的生成,促使调节性T细胞增多,进而促进年轻小鼠的骨生成。通过职业运动员和久坐不动人群之间的肠道微生物群比较研究发现[27],职业运动员组的肠道菌群在功能代谢水平上更加活跃,能够能有效地分解和利用膳食中的碳水化合物、蛋白质等营养物质,生成SCFAs等代谢物。本研究同样观察到,经过8周复合益生菌干预,运动员体内的乙酸和丁酸的浓度显著增加,这表明复合益生菌的补充对运动员的SCFAs水平和运动表现具有积极的作用。
秦盼盼等[23]从人肠道中分离得到的产气柯林斯氏菌能够产生丁酸,并有效减轻炎症性疾病。多项研究已证实,产气柯林斯氏菌与代谢综合征[28]、2型糖尿病[29]及自身免疫性疾病[30]之间存在密切的联系。丁酸作为一种重要的代谢产物,能够通过抑制NF-κβ活性,减少IL-6的表达,有效减轻机体的炎症反应[31];此外,丁酸还能与G蛋白偶联受体(如GPR41、GPR43)结合,触发抗炎信号传导,进一步抑制IL-6的释放[32]。本研究经过8周复合益生菌干预后,相关性分析结果显示,产气柯林斯氏菌与乙酸和丁酸呈显著正相关,与IL-6呈显著负相关,这表明复合益生菌干预能够促进SCFAs的生成,进而降低IL-6水平,减轻机体炎症反应。另一方面,青春双歧杆菌与IL-10呈显著正相关,而与IL-6的水平呈显著负相关。青春双歧杆菌通过与肠道免疫细胞的Toll样受体2和Toll样受体4相互作用,激活抗炎信号通路,诱导IL-10的表达,并同时抑制IL-6的释放[33];此外,青春双歧杆菌能够通过抑制NF-κβ活性,进一步减少IL-6的表达,而IL-10则能进一步增强抗炎反应[34]。这表明复合益生菌干预能够增加青春双歧杆菌的含量,从而促进IL-10的产生,并抑制IL-6的释放,具有显著的抗炎作用。有研究者观察到,在胶原诱导关节炎模型中,早期补充青春双歧杆菌能够提升大鼠体内SCFAs的浓度,并调控促炎/抗炎反应平衡[35]。此外,在修复骨折引起的全身性炎症时,补充青春双歧杆菌能够更好地抑制骨折后的全身性炎症反应,从而增强肠道黏膜完整性[36]。综上所述,产气柯林斯氏菌和青春双歧杆菌在肠道微生物群中具有重要的调节作用。产气柯林斯氏菌通过产生丁酸来降低促炎因子浓度,而青春双歧杆菌不仅能增强机体免疫功能,还在抗炎和修复炎症性疾病中展现关键的作用。
在对女子竞走运动员进行冬季训练的研究进行深入分析发现,她们体内的普氏栖粪杆菌(Faecalibacterium prausnitzii)和副流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parainfluenzae)的丰度相较于冬训前显著提升[37]。鉴于运动训练是影响肠道菌群的结构和多样性的重要因素之一[38],在本研究中,运动员所经历的高强度训练可能引发肠道环境的变化。在此过程中,复合益生菌的介入可能进一步强化了这种选择性环境,使得如产气柯林斯氏菌和青春双歧杆菌等特定菌群占据主导地位,而其他菌群的丰度相应减少,从而导致α多样性下降。然而,这种干预未必是负面的,可能使运动员的肠道菌群结构更加稳定。通过产气柯林斯氏菌和青春双歧杆菌的发酵作用,增加乙酸和丁酸的生成,这些SCFAs不仅为肠道细胞提供必要的能量,还起到了调节肠道屏障功能,降低通透性的作用,有助于降低促炎因子的水平。此外,在本研究中通过检测干预前运动员组与对照组的肠道菌群,发现双歧杆菌和布劳特氏菌的丰度显著高于对照组,这提示我们运动训练可能促使运动员的肠道菌群产生了适应性改变。因此,复合益生菌干预可能有助于运动员在高强度训练后的快速恢复,调控炎性因子水平,提升整体健康状况和运动表现。
本研究观察到8周复合益生菌干预后,中国式摔跤运动员血浆中IL-6和CRP浓度均显著降低,IL-10浓度显著升高;中国式摔跤运动员肠道菌群中的青春双歧杆菌与产气柯林斯氏菌丰度上升尤为显著,并与粪便中乙酸、丁酸含量及其血浆中炎性因子浓度呈显著相关关系。上述结果提示补充复合益生菌可使运动员肠道菌群结构发生明显改变,增加短链脂肪酸的产生,并有效调控其血浆炎性因子浓度的变化。
  • 山东省重点研发计划(2019GSF108155)
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240491
  • 接收时间:2024-08-06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-04
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-06
  • 录用日期:2024-10-14
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Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2019GSF108155)
山东省重点研发计划(2019GSF108155)
作者信息
    1 山东体育学院 研究生教育学院, 山东 济南 250102
    2 山东体育学院 武术学院, 山东 日照 276826
    3 昌吉学院 体育与健康学院, 新疆 昌吉 831100
    4 山东体育学院 运动与健康学院, 山东 济南 250102
    5 中科宜康(北京)生物科技有限公司, 北京 100176

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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