Article(id=1242175007804195508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242175008705966230, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240522, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1724256000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1730044800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-10-28, onlineDate=1774087200355, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1735920000000, pubDateStr=2025-01-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774087200355, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774087200355, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774087200355, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242175008705966230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='415', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774087200568, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774087310368, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242175469299270453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242175008705966230, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242175469299270454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242175008705966230, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=323, endPage=336, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242175009641300712, articleId=1242175007804195508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Replacement of chemical fertilizer with green manure at different proportions affects fungal community in the paddy field of Ultisol, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] This study investigated the optimal proportion of green manure replacing chemical fertilizer and its effect on soil fungal community in the paddy field of Ultisol, aiming to achieve soil fertilization and sustainable utilization of Ultisol in southern China. [Methods] This study set seven treatments: no fertilizer (Control), application of Chinese milk vetch without chemical fertilizer in early season rice (G), conventional application of chemical fertilizer in early season rice (NPK100), application of Chinese milk vetch and conventional chemical fertilizer in early season rice (NPK100+G), application of Chinese milk vetch and 80% conventional chemical fertilizer in early season rice (NPK80+G), application of Chinese milk vetch and 60% conventional chemical fertilizer in early season rice (NPK60+G), and application of Chinese milk vetch and 40% conventional chemical fertilizer in early season rice (NPK40+G). The conventional chemical fertilizer was applied in late season rice for other treatments except the Control. The root surface soil samples of different treatments were collected at the maturity stage of late rice for the measurement of soil properties. At the same time, high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) was employed to analyze the features of soil fungal community. [Results] Compared with NPK100, the treatments of green manure replacing chemical fertilizer increased the yields of rice and straw. Different treatments significantly altered the soil fungal community composition (P=0.001). Replacing medium and low amounts of chemical fertilizer with green manure increased the relative abundance of saprophytic fungi in soil, which increased the conversion rate of soil organic matter and nutrient turnover rate. Compared with NPK100, replacing 0, 20%, and 40% chemical fertilizer with green manure increased the relative abundance of saprophytic fungi in soil by 33.55%, 167.27%, and 55.28%, respectively. In addition, replacing medium and low amounts of chemical fertilizer with green manure decreased the relative abundance and diversity of potential plant pathogens in soil. [Conclusion] Replacing medium and low amounts (20%–40%) of chemical fertilizer with green manure not only increased rice yield but also reduced environmental pollution, improved soil nutrients, and optimized the fungal community in soil. This study systematically evaluated the effect of replacing different proportions of chemical fertilizer with green manure on the Ultisol paddy ecosystems. The results provided a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of agriculture in the Ultisol region of southern China.

, correspAuthors=Xingjia XIANG, Jia LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*XIANG Xingjia, E-mail:
LIU Jia, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jing LU, Xingjia XIANG, Yuntao KANG, Jing YIN, Dandan YUAN, Jia LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1242175012740891559, articleId=1242175007804195508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=绿肥替代不同比例化肥对红壤稻田土壤真菌群落的影响, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】探究绿肥替代化肥的最佳比例及对红壤稻田土壤真菌群落的影响,以期实现我国南方红壤科学培肥和可持续利用。【方法】研究设置7个处理:不施肥(Control)、早稻不施化肥仅翻压紫云英(G)、早稻常规施用化肥(NPK100)、早稻翻压紫云英且常规施用化肥(NPK100+G)、早稻翻压紫云英且化肥减量20% (NPK80+G)、早稻翻压紫云英且化肥减量40% (NPK60+G)、早稻翻压紫云英且化肥减量60% (NPK40+G)。除Control外,所有处理晚稻均常规施用化肥。在晚稻成熟期采集不同处理水稻根表土样品测定土壤理化性质,同时基于Illumina MiSeq高通量测序平台对土壤样品在DNA水平上进行测序,分析土壤真菌群落特征。【结果】与常规施用化肥相比,绿肥替代部分化肥处理提高水稻稻谷和秸秆产量。不同农业措施显著改变土壤真菌群落组成(P=0.001)。绿肥替代中低量化肥处理提高土壤腐生真菌的相对丰度,增加土壤有机质的转化效率和养分周转速率。相比于常规施用化肥,绿肥替代0、20%和40%化肥处理土壤腐生真菌相对丰度分别提高33.55%、167.27%和55.28%。此外,绿肥替代中低量化肥处理降低土壤中潜在植物病原菌的相对丰度和多样性。【结论】绿肥替代20%−40%化肥既能提高水稻产量,又能减少农业面源污染、提高土壤养分含量及优化土壤真菌群落。本研究系统评估绿肥部分替代化肥对红壤稻田生态系统的影响,研究结果为我国南方红壤区农业可持续发展提供了理论基础。

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Journal of Phytopathology, 2010, 158(7/8):523-526., articleTitle=Methods for detection of Alternaria padwickii in rice seeds, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1243300013388967953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, awardId=2021YFD1700203, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1700203), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1243300013485436950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, awardId=2021YFD1700203, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700203), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1243300013611266081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, awardId=42267046, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(42267046), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1243300013711929380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, 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postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243300004836782731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, companyId=1243300004820005512, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所, 江西 南昌 330200)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1243300009467294600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Rice and straw yields of different treatments. A: Rice yield; B: Rice straw yield. The yield was based on the sum of early and late season rice yield. Different small letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level., figureFileSmall=yZm/tZcPLwaJMsB/fkEYdQ==, figureFileBig=ktHUuq9Q+WP2pXtSzeCwnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300009555374990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同处理稻谷和秸秆产量。

A:稻谷产量;B:秸秆产量。产量为早稻产量与晚稻产量之和。不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。

, figureFileSmall=yZm/tZcPLwaJMsB/fkEYdQ==, figureFileBig=ktHUuq9Q+WP2pXtSzeCwnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300009656038292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Soil fungal alpha diversity of different treatments. A: ASV richness index; B: Shannon index. Different small letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level., figureFileSmall=vSg7HgMAr/X48Raxc3dUNg==, figureFileBig=auFTdVmGCe7vCb80F85Rvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300009731535770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同处理土壤真菌α多样性。

A:ASV丰富度指数;B:Shannon指数。不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。

, figureFileSmall=vSg7HgMAr/X48Raxc3dUNg==, figureFileBig=auFTdVmGCe7vCb80F85Rvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300009844781984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=EN, label=null, caption=The analysis of soil fungal community composition (A), redundancy analysis (B), and community assembly process (C). Different small letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level., figureFileSmall=OXhsOxO308gCVE29tH3hrA==, figureFileBig=JsbRKAt0jzp2W1fhSjSnMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300009920279463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=CN, label=图3, caption=土壤真菌群落组成(A)、冗余分析(B)和群落构建过程分析(C)。

不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。

, figureFileSmall=OXhsOxO308gCVE29tH3hrA==, figureFileBig=JsbRKAt0jzp2W1fhSjSnMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300010029331373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Relative abundance of dominant fungal phyla (A) and dominant fungal genera (B) in soil under different treatments., figureFileSmall=tOM7PqxE08wLToYUDjr5Tw==, figureFileBig=c0brNIHBwjoc6/QctB36yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300010142577589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同处理土壤真菌优势门(A)和优势属(B)相对丰度, figureFileSmall=tOM7PqxE08wLToYUDjr5Tw==, figureFileBig=c0brNIHBwjoc6/QctB36yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300010260018105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=The analysis of soil potential plant fungal pathogen and saprophyte., figureFileSmall=p1wfzjfn2+b0tjfTbFL8xQ==, figureFileBig=33vSCzx+ZUO02JLPV/t7rQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300010419401665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=CN, label=图5, caption=土壤潜在植物病原菌和腐生菌分析。

A:潜在植物病原菌的相对丰度;B:潜在植物病原菌的ASV丰富度指数;C:腐生菌的相对丰度;D:腐生菌的ASV丰富度指数。不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。

, figureFileSmall=p1wfzjfn2+b0tjfTbFL8xQ==, figureFileBig=33vSCzx+ZUO02JLPV/t7rQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300010545230790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Relative abundance of dominant potential plant pathogenic fungi in soil., figureFileSmall=foAbWue7ZAUZLIwcLlfVyQ==, figureFileBig=zgu3RShS/+prH5lJ8DytMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300010692031440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=CN, label=图6, caption=土壤优势潜在植物病原菌相对丰度。

A:盘长孢状炭疽菌的相对丰度;B:新月弯孢菌的相对丰度;C:稻黑孢霉的相对丰度;D:Alternaria padwickii的相对丰度。不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。

, figureFileSmall=foAbWue7ZAUZLIwcLlfVyQ==, figureFileBig=zgu3RShS/+prH5lJ8DytMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300012218758098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Soil chemical properties of different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Soil propertiesControlGNPK100NPK100+GNPK80+GNPK60+GNPK40+G
Results are presented as the mean±SD (n=4). Different small letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level.
pH6.17±0.13b6.32±0.16ab6.61±0.20a6.60±0.24a6.46±0.02ab6.58±0.17a6.49±0.38ab
Moisture (%)27.05±1.16b27.51±0.51b27.51±1.19b29.33±0.59a30.30±0.88a28.55±2.06ab27.21±0.87b
TN (g/kg)1.15±0.07d1.45±0.05bc1.34±0.08c1.50±0.09ab1.60±0.12a1.36±0.10c1.39±0.04bc
TP (g/kg)0.50±0.03b0.63±0.16a0.66±0.03a0.65±0.05a0.66±0.03a0.61±0.05a0.60±0.04ab
SOC (g/kg)11.45±0.54c14.48±1.12b13.75±0.72b16.35±2.04a16.45±0.69a15.25±0.76ab14.23±1.36b
AP (mg/kg)3.01±1.11d5.06±2.10cd12.01±3.74ab15.04±6.63a6.31±2.77bcd11.14±3.33abc9.52±4.76abc
DOC (mg/kg)87.98±9.14ab79.40±5.15b69.25±2.64c69.50±5.51c66.85±6.15c84.38±4.01ab89.55±8.72a
DON (mg/kg)2.59±1.44b3.72±0.99ab5.48±2.37a3.65±1.22ab4.30±0.74ab4.51±2.25ab3.33±0.90ab
NH4+-N (mg/kg)2.00±0.37ab2.85±1.63a2.46±0.76ab1.74±0.05ab1.37±0.37b2.23±0.83ab1.27±0.29b
NO3-N (mg/kg)0.81±0.03b0.86±0.09ab0.95±0.10ab0.98±0.14ab0.98±0.02ab1.03±0.08a1.02±0.25a
), ArticleFig(id=1243300012357170139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同处理土壤理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Soil propertiesControlGNPK100NPK100+GNPK80+GNPK60+GNPK40+G
Results are presented as the mean±SD (n=4). Different small letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level.
pH6.17±0.13b6.32±0.16ab6.61±0.20a6.60±0.24a6.46±0.02ab6.58±0.17a6.49±0.38ab
Moisture (%)27.05±1.16b27.51±0.51b27.51±1.19b29.33±0.59a30.30±0.88a28.55±2.06ab27.21±0.87b
TN (g/kg)1.15±0.07d1.45±0.05bc1.34±0.08c1.50±0.09ab1.60±0.12a1.36±0.10c1.39±0.04bc
TP (g/kg)0.50±0.03b0.63±0.16a0.66±0.03a0.65±0.05a0.66±0.03a0.61±0.05a0.60±0.04ab
SOC (g/kg)11.45±0.54c14.48±1.12b13.75±0.72b16.35±2.04a16.45±0.69a15.25±0.76ab14.23±1.36b
AP (mg/kg)3.01±1.11d5.06±2.10cd12.01±3.74ab15.04±6.63a6.31±2.77bcd11.14±3.33abc9.52±4.76abc
DOC (mg/kg)87.98±9.14ab79.40±5.15b69.25±2.64c69.50±5.51c66.85±6.15c84.38±4.01ab89.55±8.72a
DON (mg/kg)2.59±1.44b3.72±0.99ab5.48±2.37a3.65±1.22ab4.30±0.74ab4.51±2.25ab3.33±0.90ab
NH4+-N (mg/kg)2.00±0.37ab2.85±1.63a2.46±0.76ab1.74±0.05ab1.37±0.37b2.23±0.83ab1.27±0.29b
NO3-N (mg/kg)0.81±0.03b0.86±0.09ab0.95±0.10ab0.98±0.14ab0.98±0.02ab1.03±0.08a1.02±0.25a
), ArticleFig(id=1243300012491387877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Pearson correlations between yields and soil chemical properties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Soil propertiesRice yieldRice straw yield
rPrP
r: Pearson correlation coefficients; P: Significance.
pH0.5950.0010.5870.001
TN0.7120.0000.6430.000
TP0.4540.0150.3940.038
SOC0.7740.0000.6890.000
AP0.5340.0030.5260.004
DOC−0.3760.048−0.2670.170
DON0.3540.0640.3200.097
NH4+-N−0.1740.376−0.1950.319
NO3-N0.4860.0090.4910.008
), ArticleFig(id=1243300012650771436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

产量与土壤理化性质之间的皮尔森相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Soil propertiesRice yieldRice straw yield
rPrP
r: Pearson correlation coefficients; P: Significance.
pH0.5950.0010.5870.001
TN0.7120.0000.6430.000
TP0.4540.0150.3940.038
SOC0.7740.0000.6890.000
AP0.5340.0030.5260.004
DOC−0.3760.048−0.2670.170
DON0.3540.0640.3200.097
NH4+-N−0.1740.376−0.1950.319
NO3-N0.4860.0090.4910.008
), ArticleFig(id=1243300012780794865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Pearson correlations between soil fungal alpha diversity and soil chemical properties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Soil propertiesASV richness indexShannon index
rPrP
r: Pearson correlation coefficients; P: Significance.
pH−0.3300.087−0.1790.363
TN−0.3830.044−0.3480.070
TP−0.3590.061−0.1830.350
SOC−0.4470.017−0.3390.078
AP−0.2490.201−0.0530.787
DOC0.5880.0010.4770.010
DON−0.3550.064−0.1880.338
NH4+-N0.1170.5550.1800.360
NO3-N−0.1270.519−0.0630.751
), ArticleFig(id=1243300012931789817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

土壤真菌多样性与土壤理化性质之间的皮尔森相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Soil propertiesASV richness indexShannon index
rPrP
r: Pearson correlation coefficients; P: Significance.
pH−0.3300.087−0.1790.363
TN−0.3830.044−0.3480.070
TP−0.3590.061−0.1830.350
SOC−0.4470.017−0.3390.078
AP−0.2490.201−0.0530.787
DOC0.5880.0010.4770.010
DON−0.3550.064−0.1880.338
NH4+-N0.1170.5550.1800.360
NO3-N−0.1270.519−0.0630.751
), ArticleFig(id=1243300013086978049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Pearson correlations between the relative abundance of soil saprophyte and potential plant pathogen and soil nutrient contents, yields

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariablesSaprophytePotential plant pathogen
rPrP
r: Pearson correlation coefficients; P: Significance.
TN0.4260.024−0.1070.587
TP0.1900.3320.1160.558
SOC0.4350.021−0.2620.179
AP−0.0760.702−0.2430.212
DOC−0.4900.0080.3800.046
DON−0.0090.965−0.3120.106
NH4+-N−0.2160.2700.1060.592
NO3-N0.1080.583−0.3060.113
Rice yield0.3200.097−0.4530.016
Rice straw yield0.1450.462−0.3880.042
), ArticleFig(id=1243300013179252744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175007804195508, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

土壤腐生菌和潜在植物病原菌的相对丰度与土壤养分含量、产量之间的皮尔森相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariablesSaprophytePotential plant pathogen
rPrP
r: Pearson correlation coefficients; P: Significance.
TN0.4260.024−0.1070.587
TP0.1900.3320.1160.558
SOC0.4350.021−0.2620.179
AP−0.0760.702−0.2430.212
DOC−0.4900.0080.3800.046
DON−0.0090.965−0.3120.106
NH4+-N−0.2160.2700.1060.592
NO3-N0.1080.583−0.3060.113
Rice yield0.3200.097−0.4530.016
Rice straw yield0.1450.462−0.3880.042
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绿肥替代不同比例化肥对红壤稻田土壤真菌群落的影响
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路静 1 , 项兴佳 1, 2, * , 康耘滔 3 , 尹静 1 , 袁丹丹 1 , 刘佳 4, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(1): 323-336
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(1): 323-336
绿肥替代不同比例化肥对红壤稻田土壤真菌群落的影响
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路静1, 项兴佳1, 2, * , 康耘滔3, 尹静1, 袁丹丹1, 刘佳4, *
作者信息
  • 1 安徽大学 资源与环境工程学院, 安徽 合肥 230601
  • 2 湿地生态系统保护与修复安徽省重点实验室, 安徽 合肥 230601
  • 3 南京农业大学 农学院, 江苏 南京 210095
  • 4 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所, 江西 南昌 330200
Replacement of chemical fertilizer with green manure at different proportions affects fungal community in the paddy field of Ultisol
Jing LU1, Xingjia XIANG1, 2, * , Yuntao KANG3, Jing YIN1, Dandan YUAN1, Jia LIU4, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
  • 2 Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
  • 3 College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
  • 4 Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China
出版时间: 2025-01-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240522
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【目的】探究绿肥替代化肥的最佳比例及对红壤稻田土壤真菌群落的影响,以期实现我国南方红壤科学培肥和可持续利用。【方法】研究设置7个处理:不施肥(Control)、早稻不施化肥仅翻压紫云英(G)、早稻常规施用化肥(NPK100)、早稻翻压紫云英且常规施用化肥(NPK100+G)、早稻翻压紫云英且化肥减量20% (NPK80+G)、早稻翻压紫云英且化肥减量40% (NPK60+G)、早稻翻压紫云英且化肥减量60% (NPK40+G)。除Control外,所有处理晚稻均常规施用化肥。在晚稻成熟期采集不同处理水稻根表土样品测定土壤理化性质,同时基于Illumina MiSeq高通量测序平台对土壤样品在DNA水平上进行测序,分析土壤真菌群落特征。【结果】与常规施用化肥相比,绿肥替代部分化肥处理提高水稻稻谷和秸秆产量。不同农业措施显著改变土壤真菌群落组成(P=0.001)。绿肥替代中低量化肥处理提高土壤腐生真菌的相对丰度,增加土壤有机质的转化效率和养分周转速率。相比于常规施用化肥,绿肥替代0、20%和40%化肥处理土壤腐生真菌相对丰度分别提高33.55%、167.27%和55.28%。此外,绿肥替代中低量化肥处理降低土壤中潜在植物病原菌的相对丰度和多样性。【结论】绿肥替代20%−40%化肥既能提高水稻产量,又能减少农业面源污染、提高土壤养分含量及优化土壤真菌群落。本研究系统评估绿肥部分替代化肥对红壤稻田生态系统的影响,研究结果为我国南方红壤区农业可持续发展提供了理论基础。

化肥减量  /  紫云英  /  真菌群落  /  植物病原菌

[Objective] This study investigated the optimal proportion of green manure replacing chemical fertilizer and its effect on soil fungal community in the paddy field of Ultisol, aiming to achieve soil fertilization and sustainable utilization of Ultisol in southern China. [Methods] This study set seven treatments: no fertilizer (Control), application of Chinese milk vetch without chemical fertilizer in early season rice (G), conventional application of chemical fertilizer in early season rice (NPK100), application of Chinese milk vetch and conventional chemical fertilizer in early season rice (NPK100+G), application of Chinese milk vetch and 80% conventional chemical fertilizer in early season rice (NPK80+G), application of Chinese milk vetch and 60% conventional chemical fertilizer in early season rice (NPK60+G), and application of Chinese milk vetch and 40% conventional chemical fertilizer in early season rice (NPK40+G). The conventional chemical fertilizer was applied in late season rice for other treatments except the Control. The root surface soil samples of different treatments were collected at the maturity stage of late rice for the measurement of soil properties. At the same time, high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) was employed to analyze the features of soil fungal community. [Results] Compared with NPK100, the treatments of green manure replacing chemical fertilizer increased the yields of rice and straw. Different treatments significantly altered the soil fungal community composition (P=0.001). Replacing medium and low amounts of chemical fertilizer with green manure increased the relative abundance of saprophytic fungi in soil, which increased the conversion rate of soil organic matter and nutrient turnover rate. Compared with NPK100, replacing 0, 20%, and 40% chemical fertilizer with green manure increased the relative abundance of saprophytic fungi in soil by 33.55%, 167.27%, and 55.28%, respectively. In addition, replacing medium and low amounts of chemical fertilizer with green manure decreased the relative abundance and diversity of potential plant pathogens in soil. [Conclusion] Replacing medium and low amounts (20%–40%) of chemical fertilizer with green manure not only increased rice yield but also reduced environmental pollution, improved soil nutrients, and optimized the fungal community in soil. This study systematically evaluated the effect of replacing different proportions of chemical fertilizer with green manure on the Ultisol paddy ecosystems. The results provided a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of agriculture in the Ultisol region of southern China.

chemical fertilizer reduction  /  Chinese milk vetch  /  fungal community  /  plant pathogen
路静, 项兴佳, 康耘滔, 尹静, 袁丹丹, 刘佳. 绿肥替代不同比例化肥对红壤稻田土壤真菌群落的影响. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (1) : 323 -336 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240522
Jing LU, Xingjia XIANG, Yuntao KANG, Jing YIN, Dandan YUAN, Jia LIU. Replacement of chemical fertilizer with green manure at different proportions affects fungal community in the paddy field of Ultisol[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (1) : 323 -336 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240522
中国水稻种植面积常年保持在3 000万hm2,是全球水稻产量最高的国家之一[1]。施肥是提升土壤肥力和作物产量必不可少的措施[2],然而在农业实践中,过量施用化肥这一现象日益严重[3]。化肥的大量施用导致资源浪费,并对环境造成诸多负面影响,如土壤酸化、水体富营养化等[4]。冬季种植绿肥作物并将其整合到稻田轮作系统中,可以减轻长期单施化肥的不利影响。紫云英(Astragalus sinicus L.)是我国南方稻田最常用的豆科绿肥。在休耕期种植紫云英,可以充分利用水、光、热等资源,减少土壤养分损失;紫云英生长过程中通过生物固氮的方式提高土壤氮含量,其翻压还田后还可以降低土壤容重[5]、提高土壤养分含量、增强土壤酸碱缓冲能力。与肥田萝卜、黑麦草等非豆科绿肥相比,紫云英较低的碳氮比能最大限度减少甲烷排放[6]。因此,通过紫云英种植替代部分化肥,不仅可以降低化肥用量,还可以保护农田生态环境。
红壤是我国南方地区最典型的土壤类型,由脱硅富铝化过程和生物富集过程相互作用而形成[7],具有pH低、土壤养分失衡等特点[8],红壤在我国南方已成为低产土壤[9]。水稻是我国南方红壤区最主要的农作物。稻田常年投入大量化学养分,一方面增加农民的生产负担、降低经济效益;另一方面也造成土壤肥力衰退、温室气体排放量大,并且极易引起氮磷养分流失,加剧农业面源污染。在冬季休闲期种植绿肥,能够截获环境养分,为后续水稻节肥增效、控制养分流失奠定物质基础。绿肥翻压时处于盛花期,养分含量高,能够替代化肥用量、提高养分利用效率、培肥稻田土壤、促进水稻增产[10]
土壤微生物在陆地生态系统中发挥重要作用,如促进养分循环等[11],而土壤理化性质的改变影响土壤微生物的群落结构[12]。Gao等[13]在湖南、江西、安徽等地研究发现,施加紫云英能改变土壤细菌群落,提高放线菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度,这2种菌门有助于促进植物残体的降解,为土壤增加氮源,从而提升土壤肥力。Ablimit等[14]研究发现,绿肥与玉米间作显著提高土壤pH和养分含量,提高细菌和古菌的丰富度,降低潜在植物病原菌的相对丰度。刘春增等[15]研究表明,紫云英还田降低了子囊菌门(Ascomycota)的相对丰度,增加担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和被孢霉属(Mortierella)的相对丰度,担子菌门和被孢霉属能够降解土壤中的有机物质,提高土壤养分含量。种植翻压绿肥改变土壤微生物的群落结构,但目前对土壤真菌群落结构的研究相对较少,此外关于种植翻压绿肥的研究大多是在常规施用化肥的基础上额外引入绿肥,未考虑绿肥部分替代化肥对农业生态系统的影响。
真菌作为分解者在土壤养分循环中发挥重要作用。腐生真菌参与土壤中有机物质的分解和养分的循环利用[16]。土壤真菌通过改变土壤微环境,影响土壤中有机物质的稳定和分解过程,并通过非营养途径提高植物耐受性,有利于植物生长[17]。然而,植物病原真菌与生态系统稳定性之间存在负相关关系:植物病原真菌丰富度越高,植物生产力和恢复力越低[18]。因此,绿肥替代不同比例化肥对土壤真菌群落的影响值得深入探讨。本研究以紫云英为供试绿肥,以第四纪红黏土母质发育的红黄泥为供试土壤,利用高通量测序技术,探索紫云英替代不同比例化肥对土壤理化性质、水稻产量和真菌群落的影响,以期为红壤稻田减肥增效和科学利用绿肥资源提供理论依据,最终促进我国南方红壤区农业可持续发展。
试验在江西省国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心高安科研基地进行。试验基地位于江西省高安市(28º25′N,115º22′E),该地属于典型的亚热带季风气候,年均气温17.7 ℃,年均降水量1 560 mm,光照充足,全年平均无霜期276 d。初始土壤理化性质:pH 5.82、有机质23.49 g/kg、总氮(total nitrogen, TN) 0.99 g/kg、总磷(total phosphorus, TP) 0.43 g/kg、碱解氮71.88 mg/kg、有效磷(available phosphorus, AP) 12.51 mg/kg、速效钾49.78 mg/kg。
试验开始于2015年,以随机区组的方式进行设计,共设置7个处理,分别为冬闲-双季稻,早稻不施肥(Control);紫云英-双季稻,早稻不施化肥,早稻翻压紫云英(G);冬闲-双季稻,早稻常规施用化肥(NPK100);紫云英-双季稻,早稻翻压紫云英和常规施用化肥(NPK100+G);紫云英-双季稻,早稻翻压紫云英和化肥减量20% (NPK80+G);紫云英-双季稻,早稻翻压紫云英和化肥减量40% (NPK60+G);紫云英-双季稻,早稻翻压紫云英和化肥减量60% (NPK40+G)。除Control处理外,所有处理晚稻均常规施用化肥,每个处理设4次重复。早稻常规化肥施肥量为N 150 kg/hm2、P2O5 75 kg/hm2、K2O 120 kg/hm2,NPK80+G、NPK60+G和NPK40+G处理的早稻施肥量在早稻常规化肥施用量的基础上分别减少20%、40%和60%。晚稻常规化肥施肥量为N 180 kg/hm2、P2O5 75 kg/hm2、K2O 150 kg/hm2。紫云英在晚稻收割后播种,早稻种植前翻压,除Control和NPK100处理外,其他处理年均鲜草翻压量均约为22 500 kg/hm2。供试土壤为第四纪红黏土母质发育的红黄泥。
于2023年晚稻成熟期采集水稻根表土样品[19],土壤采集后过2 mm筛、去除草根、石块等杂质并混匀后分成两份。一份用于土壤理化性质的测定;一份提取土壤微生物DNA用于土壤真菌群落测定。
水稻成熟后各小区全部收割并测量各小区稻谷和秸秆质量。土壤pH值采用pH计(上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司)测定;土壤含水量采用烘干法测定;土壤总氮含量采用凯氏定氮法测定;土壤总磷用碱熔-钼锑抗比色法,使用紫外分光光度计(Shimadzu公司)测定;土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon, SOC)用重铬酸钾容量法-外加热法测定;土壤有效磷用0.5 mol/L NaHCO3浸提法,使用紫外分光光度计测定;土壤可溶性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC)使用碳氮分析仪(Shimadzu公司)测定;可溶性有机氮(dissolved organic nitrogen, DON)采用差减法测定,即可溶性有机氮=溶解性总氮−溶解性无机氮;土壤铵态氮(NH4+-N)和硝态氮(NO3-N)的含量用连续流动分析仪(Skalar公司)测定。
使用FastDNA® SPIN试剂盒(MP Biomedicals公司)按照说明提取土壤微生物DNA,将提取的DNA溶解在60 μL的TE缓冲液中,并于−20 ℃保存。采用引物ITS1F (5′-CTT GGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3′)和ITS2R (5′-GC TGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC-3′)扩增真菌ITS区域。土壤真菌PCR反应体系(50 μL):25 μL Premix Taq DNA聚合酶(TaKaRa公司),DNA模板1 μL,正、反向引物(20 μmol/L)各1 μL,ddH2O 22 μL。土壤真菌PCR反应条件:95 ℃ 5 min;94 ℃ 45 s,56 ℃ 45 s,72 ℃ 45 s,共35个循环;72 ℃ 10 min。纯化的PCR产物由上海凌恩生物科技有限公司进行高通量测序。测序所得的原始数据通过QIIME 2软件进行质控,经过过滤和去除嵌合体等处理后获得扩增子序列变异(amplicon sequence variant, ASV)丰度表。
利用SPSS 20.0对土壤理化性质、水稻产量、真菌α多样性和相对丰度进行单因素方差分析,使用皮尔森(Pearson)相关分析检验理化性质与产量、真菌α多样性及真菌相对丰度与产量、土壤养分含量的相关性。利用方差膨胀因子(variance inflation factor, VIF)对环境因子进行共线性分析。利用R软件(v4.3.2)的vegan和Hmisc等进行非度量多维尺度分析(non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMDS)、相似性分析(analysis of similarities, ANOSIM; permutations=999)、冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)、方差分解分析(variance partitioning analysis, VPA)和基于丰度的β零模型分析(abundance-based beta-null deviation, NDV)。利用FUNGuild方法(v1.1)对真菌进行功能预测分析。
通过单因素方差分析对比不同处理间土壤理化性质和水稻产量的差异。与对照相比,不同施肥措施增加土壤pH值、总氮、总磷、有机碳、有效磷、可溶性有机氮和硝态氮含量(表1)。与常规施用化肥相比,紫云英部分替代化肥增加或者维持土壤养分含量水平,未导致土壤肥力下降,特别是绿肥替代中低量化肥处理土壤氮磷养分含量维持在较高水平。与对照相比,施肥处理显著增加稻谷产量和秸秆产量(图1)。与常规施用化肥相比,紫云英替代中低量化肥处理显著增加作物产量,紫云英替代20%和40%化肥分别增加作物产量为13.58%和16.44%。皮尔森相关性分析结果表明稻谷产量与pH (P=0.001)、总氮(P < 0.001)、总磷(P < 0.05)、土壤有机碳(P < 0.001)、有效磷(P < 0.01)和硝态氮(P < 0.01)含量呈正相关,与可溶性有机碳(P < 0.05)含量呈负相关(表2)。
利用ASV richness index和Shannon index表征土壤真菌的多样性。与对照(Control)相比,全量化肥处理(NPK100)或绿肥替代中低量化肥(NPK100+G、NPK80+G和NPK60+G)处理降低土壤真菌多样性(图2)。与常规施用化肥(NPK100)相比,绿肥替代中低量化肥(NPK100+G、NPK80+G和NPK60+G)对真菌ASV richness index显著不影响,但单施绿肥(G)和绿肥替代高量化肥(NPK40+G)处理显著增加真菌ASV richness index。与常规施用化肥(NPK100)相比,绿肥替代低量化肥(NPK80+G)显著降低真菌Shannon index,而其他处理对真
菌Shannon index影响不显著。真菌ASV richness具体表现为Control > G > NPK40+G > NPK100+ G > NPK100 > NPK60+G > NPK80+G。真菌Shannon具体表现为Control > G > NPK40+G > NPK100 > NPK100+G > NPK60+G > NPK80+G。根据皮尔森相关性的分析结果得知,土壤ASV richness与总氮(P < 0.05)、土壤有机碳(P < 0.05)含量呈负相关关系,与可溶性有机碳(P=0.001)含量呈显著正相关关系;土壤Shannon与可溶性有机碳(P=0.010)含量呈正相关关系(表3)。
通过非度量多维尺度分析研究不同处理对土壤真菌群落组成的影响(图3A)。不同施肥措施显著改变土壤真菌群落组成(P=0.001)。RDA和VPA的分析结果表明,pH (6.08%)、总磷(4.97%)、土壤有机碳(5.61%)和可溶性有机氮(4.48%)是影响真菌群落组成的主要因素(图3B)。
随机性过程和确定性过程与微生物群落构建密切相关[20],并对群落多样性、功能等产生影响。本研究通过基于丰度的β零模型评估真菌群落构建模式,判断随机性过程和确定性过程对真菌群落构建的相对重要性。基于丰度的β零偏差值越接近0表示随机性过程越强,越接近1表示确定性过程越强。与对照相比,单施化肥或绿肥与全量化肥配施处理土壤真菌群落表现出更强的随机性过程(图3C)。单施绿肥或绿肥替代部分化肥处理土壤真菌群落较单施化肥表现出更强的确定性过程。
图4A可知,在真菌门分类水平上,土壤真菌的主要类群为子囊菌门、毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota)、担子菌门和壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)。与其他处理相比,绿肥替代中量化肥处理具有最低的子囊菌门相对丰度和最高的担子菌门相对丰度。不同施肥措施对土壤真菌毛霉菌门的相对丰度影响较小。壶菌门相对丰度在对照处理中最高,在绿肥替代中低量化肥处理中最低。
在土壤真菌优势属的分析中,列出了相对丰度最高的9个属,其余真菌属合并为“Others” (图4B)。真菌优势属主要为AchroceratosphaeriaEchria、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和被孢霉属。与其他处理相比,绿肥替代中低量化肥具有最高的Achroceratosphaeria相对丰度和最低的镰刀菌属相对丰度,绿肥替代高量化肥具有最高的镰刀菌属相对丰度。Echria相对丰度在对照处理中最高,在绿肥替代低量和高量化肥处理中最低。被孢霉属相对丰度在绿肥替代低量化肥处理中最高,在对照和单独施用化肥处理中最低。
通过功能预测分析土壤潜在植物病原菌和腐生菌(图5)。图5A、5B的结果表明,单施化肥或绿肥替代化肥处理土壤中潜在植物病原菌的相对丰度和ASV richness index较低,特别是绿肥替代中低量化肥植物潜在病原菌的相对丰度和ASV richness index为最低,但是单施绿肥植物潜在病原菌的相对丰度表现为最高。如图5C所示,绿肥替代中低量化肥处理提高土壤腐生真菌的相对丰度,与常规施肥(NPK100)相比,NPK100+G、NPK80+G和NPK60+G处理土壤腐生真菌的相对丰度分别提高33.55%、167.27%和55.28%,而绿肥替代高量化肥却降低腐生真菌的相对丰度。图5D表明不同施肥处理对土壤腐生菌ASV richness index的影响不显著。皮尔森相关性的分析结果表明腐生菌的相对丰度与总氮(P < 0.05)、土壤有机碳(P < 0.05)含量呈正相关关系,与可溶性有机碳(P < 0.01)含量呈负相关关系。土壤潜在植物病原菌的相对丰度与可溶性有机碳(P < 0.05)含量呈正相关关系,与稻谷产量(P < 0.05)、秸秆产量(P < 0.05)呈负相关关系(表4)。
图6可知,土壤优势潜在植物病原菌有盘长孢状炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)、新月弯孢菌(Curvularia lunata)、稻黑孢霉(Nigrospora oryzae)和Alternaria padwickii。与常规施肥(NPK100)相比,绿肥替代化肥处理降低盘长孢状炭疽菌的相对丰度,其中NPK60+G处理盘长孢状炭疽菌的相对丰度最低;绿肥替代化肥对新月弯孢菌的相对丰度影响不显著,但G处理新月弯孢菌的相对丰度显著增加;绿肥替代化肥处理降低稻黑孢霉的相对丰度,其下降程度在NPK80+G和NPK60+G处理中最显著;绿肥替代化肥处理中Alternaria padwickii的相对丰度表现较低。
土壤有机质、氮、磷是土壤肥力指标[21],能够影响作物生长和养分循环。与常规施肥相比,单施绿肥处理水稻产量和秸秆产量略有降低(图1),之前研究结果证明单施绿肥由于养分释放缓慢[22],无法满足作物快速生长需要,因此可能导致产量下降。相比于单施化肥,绿肥部分替代化肥增加土壤总氮、有机碳等土壤养分含量(表1),这与张济世等[5]的研究结果一致。施用化肥虽然能快速补充速效养分,但由于养分易于淋失[23],其供应的持续性无法得到保障。绿肥与化肥配施后,化肥作为速效养分可以立刻被植物吸收,促进植物生长,克服单施绿肥养分供应不及时的缺点。此外,绿肥需要通过微生物转化,将有机物质中的营养元素释放供给植物生长,因此绿肥的肥力具有缓慢性和持久性,克服单施化肥养分供应不能持续的缺点。在本研究中,水稻产量与总氮、总磷、土壤有机碳、有效磷和硝态氮含量呈正相关关系(表2),绿肥与化肥配施可提高土壤总氮、有机碳等养分含量(表1),从而提高水稻产量。因此,绿肥替代部分化肥可以培肥土壤并减少农业面源污染,说明这种农业模式具有广阔的应用前景。
施用化肥可降低农田土壤微生物多样性已经被广泛证明[24],本研究与前人结果一致。长期施用化肥减少水稻土通气孔隙[25],导致土壤板结等问题,不利于微生物生长。植物可以直接利用化肥,降低植物对土壤微生物的依赖[26],导致土壤微生物多样性下降。单施绿肥或绿肥替代高量化肥处理,土壤真菌多样性维持较高水平(图2)。刘春增等[15]的研究证明,在稻田中施用绿肥能够增加微生物的多样性。施用绿肥后增加土壤养分含量,为土壤微生物提供大量的碳源[27]和底物,降低土壤微生物养分限制,减弱微生物间的竞争,导致微生物多样性维持较高水平。
土壤真菌在养分循环、有机物降解方面发挥重要作用[4],绿肥替代部分化肥处理显著改变土壤真菌群落组成(图3A)。绿肥作为外源有机质翻压还田后增强土壤真菌群落构建的确定性过程(图3C),即那些容易降解绿肥的真菌类群得到大量富集,它们占据更高的生态位,生长表现出明显优势。Tang等[28]研究发现,真菌群落组成主要受土壤有机碳的影响。本研究也发现土壤有机碳是影响真菌群落组成的主要因素(图3B)。绿肥替代部分化肥处理显著改变土壤有机碳含量,是导致土壤真菌群落组成改变的重要原因。
与常规施用化肥相比,绿肥替代中量化肥能够提高担子菌门的相对丰度(图4A),担子菌门具有降解有机物质的能力,从而有助于提升土壤肥力[9]。绿肥替代中低量化肥能够提高土壤腐生菌的相对丰度(图5C)。土壤腐生菌是土壤碳循环的重要媒介[29],通过参与木质素、纤维素等土壤中有机物质的分解在物质循环中发挥作用[16]。绿肥作为有机肥,需要在土壤中进行转化变为速效肥供植物吸收,而土壤腐生菌起到重要作用。较高的土壤腐生菌相对丰度说明土壤养分周转速率快,可以为植物提供充分的养分[30]。绿肥替代中低量化肥处理土壤有机碳含量高于其他处理(表1),说明土壤具有较高的养分潜力,该处理能够有效培肥土壤。然而,当绿肥替代高量化肥时,土壤中腐生菌的相对丰度较低(图5C),同时土壤有机碳含量也表现较低(表1),说明过低的化肥施用迫使前期绿肥快速腐解和养分释放。在后期(采样期)绿肥养分供应不足,导致较低土壤有机质和较低的腐生菌相对丰度。因此,绿肥替代高量化肥可能导致土壤养分潜力不足,不利于农业生态系统的可持续发展。土壤腐生菌的相对丰度与总氮、土壤有机碳含量呈正相关关系(表4),总氮和土壤有机碳含量又与作物产量呈正相关关系(表2),表明土壤腐生菌可能通过分解土壤中的有机物质提高土壤养分含量,间接影响水稻对养分的吸收利用,进而提高水稻产量。
土壤潜在植物病原菌的相对丰度与稻谷产量呈显著负相关关系(表4),植物病原菌的占比上升,可能加剧植物生长的波动性,导致植物生产力不稳定[31]。本研究中紫云英部分替代化肥处理土壤潜在植物病原菌的多样性和相对丰度表现为较低水平,其中绿肥替代中低量化肥处理潜在植物病原菌的多样性和相对丰度最低(图5A5B)。赵竟茹等[9]研究发现绿肥与化肥配施降低植物病原菌的相对丰度,有益于植物生长。然而,本研究还发现单施绿肥处理潜在植物病原菌的相对丰度较其他处理表现为最高。单施绿肥由于养分释放缓慢等不利因素导致植物生长受到一定限制。研究表明植物可以通过吸收更多养分促进生长来抵抗病原菌[32]。因此,单施绿肥导致作物生长限制,对植物病原菌抵抗能力下降,可能是导致植物病原菌增加的一个重要原因。绿肥与化肥配施能够显著改善作物生长,提高作物抵抗植物病原菌能力,进而抑制植物病原菌对植物的侵入。绿肥与化肥配施后作物生长量增加,可能向地下输入更多光合作用产物,提高根际微生物的活性。一般而言,较高的根际微生物活性显著抑制病害程度[33]
对测定的植物病原菌进一步分析发现,对水稻有致病性的植物病原菌包括稻黑孢霉和Alternaria padwickii (图6C6D)。稻黑孢霉是水稻穗腐病的病原菌,造成水稻产量和稻米品质下降[34]Alternaria padwickii是水稻链格孢叶斑病的病原体,能够抑制种子萌发,引起幼苗死亡[35]。本研究发现,绿肥替代化肥处理,特别是绿肥替代中低量化肥处理,这2类水稻病原菌相对丰度维持在较低水平,进一步说明合适的绿肥替代化肥比例具有较好的应用前景,既能减少作物病害风险,又能降低农业面源污染。
绿肥替代化肥显著改变红壤稻田土壤真菌群落组成和多样性特征。绿肥替代部分化肥,特别是替代20%−40%化肥能够提高土壤养分含量、抑制植物病原菌和增加植物益生菌,进而提高作物产量。单施绿肥导致养分供应不足及增加潜在植物病原菌多样性和相对丰度,不利于作物生长。因此,合适的绿肥替代化肥比例这一农业措施可以减少农业面源污染,改善稻田土壤质量,优化土壤真菌类群,具有重要的应用前景。本研究详细探讨绿肥部分替代化肥对土壤养分、作物产量和真菌群落的影响,研究结果为南方红壤区农业的可持续发展提供重要的理论依据。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700203)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42267046)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32160766)
  • 安徽省优秀青年科研项目(2022AH030015)
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2025年第65卷第1期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240522
  • 接收时间:2024-08-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-04
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-22
  • 录用日期:2024-10-28
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1700203)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700203)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42267046)
国家自然科学基金(42267046)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160766)
国家自然科学基金(32160766)
Outstanding Youth Research Project of Anhui Province(2022AH030015)
安徽省优秀青年科研项目(2022AH030015)
作者信息
    1 安徽大学 资源与环境工程学院, 安徽 合肥 230601
    2 湿地生态系统保护与修复安徽省重点实验室, 安徽 合肥 230601
    3 南京农业大学 农学院, 江苏 南京 210095
    4 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所, 江西 南昌 330200

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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