Article(id=1242175000975868409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242175008705966230, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240494, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1722960000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1728921600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-10-15, onlineDate=1774087198728, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1735920000000, pubDateStr=2025-01-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774087198728, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774087198728, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774087198728, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242175008705966230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='415', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774087200568, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774087310368, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242175469299270453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242175008705966230, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242175469299270454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242175008705966230, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=90, endPage=105, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242175004184511009, articleId=1242175000975868409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Isolation, identification, and characterization of a cadmium-tolerant bacterium Achromobacter sp. A81 with plant growth-promoting effect, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To screen and identify cadmium (Cd)-tolerant bacteria with plant growth-promoting effect from contaminated soil of a mining area in Guangxi, characterize the strain screened out in terms of the Cd tolerance, Cd2+ removal efficiency, plant growth-promoting effect, and influence on rice growth under Cd stress, and demonstrate the potential of the strain in plant growth and soil remediation. [Methods] Cd-tolerant bacteria were isolated by the dilution coating method and Cd2+ concentration gradient acclimation and further identified based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. The Cd tolerance, Cd2+ removal efficiency, and plant growth-promoting effect of the target strain were measured by microdilution, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and colorimetry. Finally, the effect of the strain on the growth of rice plants under Cd stress was investigated by a pot experiment. [Results] Twelve strains of bacteria with good tolerance to Cd2+ were isolated from heavy metal-contaminated soil, and one strain with the best tolerance to Cd was identified as Achromobacter sp. A81, which could grow in the presence of 800 mg/L Cd2+. Strain A81 cultured with 10 mg/L Cd²+ for 7 days showed the maximum Cd²+ removal rate of 44.66%. Both the supernatant and cells of strain A81 demonstrated the ability to adsorb Cd2+. Under Cd stress, the strain secreted a large amount of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) primarily composed of insoluble and soluble proteins. Furthermore, this strain was capable of fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus, and secreting siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, demonstrating remarkable plant growth-promoting effect. Pot experiment results revealed that compared with the group subjected to Cd stress, the rice plants inoculated with strain A81 showed increases of 9.08%, 39.59%, 41.94%, and 73.58% in plant height, root length, stem diameter, and fresh weight, respectively. [Conclusion] This study investigated the Cd tolerance, Cd removal efficiency, and plant growth-promoting effect of Achromobacter sp. A81 and assessed the application potential of this strain in Cd-contaminated soil remediation, providing a scientific basis and high-quality strain resources for the microbial remediation of heavy metal pollution and green agricultural development.

, correspAuthors=Hongyan ZHANG, Naikun SHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: ZHANG Hongyan,
E-mail: SHEN Naikun,
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Junming LU, Chunxi JI, Jianjie GUO, Rui LIU, Ligang ZHANG, Doudou YIN, Jiahao TANG, Hongyan ZHANG, Naikun SHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1242175012380181387, articleId=1242175000975868409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=一株耐镉促生细菌Achromobacter sp. A81的分离鉴定及特性, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】从广西某矿区污染土中筛选并鉴定耐镉(cadmium, Cd)促生细菌,评估其耐Cd、去Cd2+效率、促生特性及对Cd胁迫下水稻生长的影响,展现其在植物促长与土壤修复中的潜力。【方法】通过稀释涂布和Cd2+浓度梯度驯化分离耐Cd细菌,进一步通过形态学、生理生化及16S rRNA基因系统发育树法进行鉴定;再运用微量稀释法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、比色法测定菌株的耐Cd能力、去Cd2+效率和植物促生特性;最后通过盆栽试验考察施加菌株后对Cd胁迫下水稻生长的影响。【结果】从重金属污染土壤中分离得到12株对Cd2+表现较好抗性的细菌,其中对Cd耐受最好的一株细菌鉴定并命名为无色杆菌属(Achromobacter sp.) A81,其对Cd2+的耐受浓度高达800 mg/L,在10 mg/L Cd2+浓度下培养7 d,其最大Cd2+去除率为44.66%;菌株A81的上清液和菌体可共同吸附Cd2+;在Cd胁迫下分泌大量胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substance, EPS),主要成分为不溶性和可溶性蛋白。此外,该菌株具有固氮、溶磷、产铁载体、吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)和1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC)脱氨酶等植物促生活性,展现出显著的促生潜力。盆栽试验结果表明,与Cd胁迫组的对照相比,接种菌株A81后水稻的株高、根长、茎粗和鲜重分别增加了9.08%、39.59%、41.94%和73.58%。【结论】本研究探究了Achromobacter sp. A81在耐Cd、除Cd与植物促生方面的特性,以及其在Cd污染土壤修复中的应用潜力,为微生物治理重金属污染与农业绿色发展提供科学依据与优质菌株资源。

, correspAuthors=张红岩, 申乃坤, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2025, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=p6/2yDHHPbpzXI3q8j4XOg==, magXml=zI/qS8EAux5laZu3vbN66A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=nCYVqnX2fOm7bx8kYS8nEw==, pdfFileSize=1394130, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Vj18Nr4sxapNSdTAdjtyXA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=oaGWZnvRAl9SCPfPYDEr5w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#Those authors contributed equally to this work.

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CIB by heterologous expression of ACC deaminase to improve performance of plants exposed to cadmium stress[J].Microorganisms,2020,8(9):1453., articleTitle=Enhancing the rice seedlings growth promotion abilities of Azoarcus sp. CIB by heterologous expression of ACC deaminase to improve performance of plants exposed to cadmium stress, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243300026315813176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=75, issue=3, pageStart=267, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=Environmental Earth Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HASSAN W, BASHIR S, ALI F, IJAZ M, HUSSAIN M, DAVID J.Role of ACC-deaminase and/or nitrogen fixing rhizobacteria in growth promotion of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under cadmium pollution[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(3):267., articleTitle=Role of ACC-deaminase and/or nitrogen fixing rhizobacteria in growth promotion of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under cadmium pollution, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1243300007961539364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243300007969927973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, companyId=1243300007961539364, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modification, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, Guangxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243300007978316582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, companyId=1243300007961539364, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广西民族大学 海洋与生物技术学院, 广西多糖材料与改性重点实验室, 广西 南宁 530006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1243300013976170551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Morphology characterization of the strain A81. A: Colony morphology; B: Single colony form; C: Gram staining results; D: SEM image., figureFileSmall=iJ6zBw6i5avmkGeImgJVtA==, figureFileBig=DmKLhOraltkl16QO9x0kDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300014127165500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=CN, label=图1, caption=菌株A81的形态特征, figureFileSmall=iJ6zBw6i5avmkGeImgJVtA==, figureFileBig=DmKLhOraltkl16QO9x0kDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300014252994627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Phylogenetic tree of strain A81 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. Bootstrap values based on 1 000 replications are listed as percentages at the branching points. The accession number for each strain is given in parentheses. The scale bar represents 0.01 substitutions per nucleotide position., figureFileSmall=onK353RJrMWZkZ3M6cKODg==, figureFileBig=Ix/e0y5TBXzTUSYAB7154g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300014366240839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=CN, label=图2, caption=菌株A81基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=onK353RJrMWZkZ3M6cKODg==, figureFileBig=Ix/e0y5TBXzTUSYAB7154g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300014458515531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effect of different cadmium concentrations on the growth of strain A81. A: The MIC of strain A81 against cadmium; B: Growth curves of strain A81 under exposure to varying concentrations of cadmium. The values presented are the mean of three independent experiments. Error bars represent the standard deviations of the mean. The different lowercase letters in the picture indicate significant differences among treatments at P < 0.05., figureFileSmall=DWSRTS0uUy9xsGHig7Qhog==, figureFileBig=aEKEktBMp/S83kSCF6n4NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300014563373137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同Cd2+浓度对菌株A81生长的影响, figureFileSmall=DWSRTS0uUy9xsGHig7Qhog==, figureFileBig=aEKEktBMp/S83kSCF6n4NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300014693396565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effects of different temperature (A), pH (B) and NaCl (C) concentrations on the growth of strain A81. The values presented are the mean of three independent experiments. Error bars represent the standard deviations of the mean. The different lowercase letters in the picture indicate significant differences among treatments at P < 0.05., figureFileSmall=s9Cr+K3nSVUtaQtcWXQloA==, figureFileBig=D8/EeyBI2AKiuKmF5HAvOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300014823419995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同温度(A)、pH (B)和NaCl浓度(C)对菌株A81生长的影响, figureFileSmall=s9Cr+K3nSVUtaQtcWXQloA==, figureFileBig=D8/EeyBI2AKiuKmF5HAvOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300014986997856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Cd2+ removal rate of strain A81 at different Cd2+ concentrations. The values presented are the mean of three independent experiments. Error bars represent the standard deviations of the mean. The different lowercase letters in the picture indicate significant differences among treatments at P < 0.05., figureFileSmall=0rMznAjNYyq+RLMdsvXNMw==, figureFileBig=QmEfpManwq3wdocZB3KYTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300015154770021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同Cd2+浓度下菌株A81对Cd2+的去除率, figureFileSmall=0rMznAjNYyq+RLMdsvXNMw==, figureFileBig=QmEfpManwq3wdocZB3KYTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300015242850409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Removal rate of Cd2+ by different components of strain A81 fermentation liquid. The values presented are the mean of three independent experiments. Error bars represent the standard deviations of the mean. The different lowercase letters in the picture indicate significant differences among treatments at P < 0.05., figureFileSmall=97XYVQlMVXqksnXB0UXxIw==, figureFileBig=9LUs3bYrDhhklNGGAg3Xog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300016819908718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=CN, label=图6, caption=菌株A81发酵液不同组分对Cd2+的去除作用, figureFileSmall=97XYVQlMVXqksnXB0UXxIw==, figureFileBig=9LUs3bYrDhhklNGGAg3Xog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300017054789751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=The EPS content of strain A81 in control group (A) and Cd2+ treatment group (B). The values presented are the mean of three independent experiments. Error bars represent the standard deviations of the mean., figureFileSmall=eyX4+TdlUbTwmxoNRmMKAA==, figureFileBig=ONvGm7iMhXQwA6e8bqlbWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300017172230267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=CN, label=图7, caption=菌株A81在对照组(A)和Cd2+处理组(B)的EPS组分含量, figureFileSmall=eyX4+TdlUbTwmxoNRmMKAA==, figureFileBig=ONvGm7iMhXQwA6e8bqlbWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300017264504960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=SEM and EDS analysis of strain A81 with or without Cd2+ stress. A: SEM analysis of strain A81 in the absence of Cd2+; B: SEM analysis of strain A81 in the presence of 800 mg/L Cd2+; C: EDS analysis of strain A81 exposure to 800 mg/L Cd2+. Cps (eV): Counts per second/e volts., figureFileSmall=7SjULTcMrgeN5XU93s+2PQ==, figureFileBig=1ijjhk6ZPYvGjI62m6HUpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300017360973956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=CN, label=图8, caption=有无Cd2+胁迫下的菌株A81的SEM图及EDS元素分析, figureFileSmall=7SjULTcMrgeN5XU93s+2PQ==, figureFileBig=1ijjhk6ZPYvGjI62m6HUpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300017449054343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Growth promoting properties of strain A81. A: Dissolved organic phosphorus; B: Nitrogen fixation; C: Siderophores production; D: ACC deaminase production., figureFileSmall=17FaHZitX3JuSKaU+lz2Ng==, figureFileBig=jyUoMHCRNLtFxT9Npz9yuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300017566494861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=CN, label=图9, caption=菌株A81的促生特性, figureFileSmall=17FaHZitX3JuSKaU+lz2Ng==, figureFileBig=jyUoMHCRNLtFxT9Npz9yuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300017654575246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=Effects of strain A81 on growth and growth promotion of rice under Cd2+ stress at seedling stage., figureFileSmall=Ng03wcw8ObguVoVBho4Tfw==, figureFileBig=Z0pESeWjDQBLhK12/grfXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300017792987287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=CN, label=图10, caption=菌株A81对苗期水稻在Cd2+胁迫下生长与促生的影响, figureFileSmall=Ng03wcw8ObguVoVBho4Tfw==, figureFileBig=Z0pESeWjDQBLhK12/grfXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300017881067674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=EN, label=Figure 11, caption=Plant height (A), root length (B), stem diameter (C) and fresh weight (D) of rice under different treatments. The values presented are the mean of three independent experiments. Error bars represent the standard deviations of the mean. The different lowercase letters in the picture indicate significant differences among treatments at P < 0.05., figureFileSmall=5gZQKMW740Jl29SgOkvK2A==, figureFileBig=hLn/s6j4CklAZybeXr8VpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300017969148062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同处理水稻的株高(A)、根长(B)、茎粗(C)和鲜重(D), figureFileSmall=5gZQKMW740Jl29SgOkvK2A==, figureFileBig=hLn/s6j4CklAZybeXr8VpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243300018061422751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Growth of highly effective cadmium tolerant strains at different Cd2+ concentrations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Number100 mg/L200 mg/L400 mg/L600 mg/L800 mg/L1 000 mg/L
In 3 days, a well-organized colony of bacteria with good growth is defined as +++ normal; In 7 days, slow growth is defined as ++ basically good; After 7 days, only sparse single colonies grow on the plate, which is defined as + inhibited growth; After 7 days, no growth is defined as − no growth.
A1b++++++
A4b+++++++++
A6a+++++++
A7+++++++++
A81+++++++++++
A9+++++++
A12++++
B2++++++++
B4a++++
B3+++++++++
B6a++++
B8b++++++++
), ArticleFig(id=1243300018153697442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

菌株在不同浓度Cd2+胁迫下的生长情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Number100 mg/L200 mg/L400 mg/L600 mg/L800 mg/L1 000 mg/L
In 3 days, a well-organized colony of bacteria with good growth is defined as +++ normal; In 7 days, slow growth is defined as ++ basically good; After 7 days, only sparse single colonies grow on the plate, which is defined as + inhibited growth; After 7 days, no growth is defined as − no growth.
A1b++++++
A4b+++++++++
A6a+++++++
A7+++++++++
A81+++++++++++
A9+++++++
A12++++
B2++++++++
B4a++++
B3+++++++++
B6a++++
B8b++++++++
), ArticleFig(id=1243300018283720868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physiological and biochemical results of the strain A81

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Test itemsResults
+: Positive; −: Negative.
Voges-Proskauer test
Methyl red test
Nitrate reduction+
Gelatin liquefaction+
Citrate+
Starch hydrolysis
Fructose
Glucose+
Sucrose
Mannitol
H2S production
Litmus milk testPeptonization
), ArticleFig(id=1243300018392772776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242175000975868409, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

菌株A81生理生化试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Test itemsResults
+: Positive; −: Negative.
Voges-Proskauer test
Methyl red test
Nitrate reduction+
Gelatin liquefaction+
Citrate+
Starch hydrolysis
Fructose
Glucose+
Sucrose
Mannitol
H2S production
Litmus milk testPeptonization
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一株耐镉促生细菌Achromobacter sp. A81的分离鉴定及特性
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陆君铭 # , 吉春喜 # , 郭健杰 , 刘睿 , 张莉刚 , 殷豆豆 , 唐家昊 , 张红岩 * , 申乃坤 *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(1): 90-105
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(1): 90-105
一株耐镉促生细菌Achromobacter sp. A81的分离鉴定及特性
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陆君铭#, 吉春喜#, 郭健杰, 刘睿, 张莉刚, 殷豆豆, 唐家昊, 张红岩* , 申乃坤*
作者信息
  • 广西民族大学 海洋与生物技术学院, 广西多糖材料与改性重点实验室, 广西 南宁 530006
Isolation, identification, and characterization of a cadmium-tolerant bacterium Achromobacter sp. A81 with plant growth-promoting effect
Junming LU#, Chunxi JI#, Jianjie GUO, Rui LIU, Ligang ZHANG, Doudou YIN, Jiahao TANG, Hongyan ZHANG* , Naikun SHEN*
Affiliations
  • Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modification, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, Guangxi, China
出版时间: 2025-01-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240494
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【目的】从广西某矿区污染土中筛选并鉴定耐镉(cadmium, Cd)促生细菌,评估其耐Cd、去Cd2+效率、促生特性及对Cd胁迫下水稻生长的影响,展现其在植物促长与土壤修复中的潜力。【方法】通过稀释涂布和Cd2+浓度梯度驯化分离耐Cd细菌,进一步通过形态学、生理生化及16S rRNA基因系统发育树法进行鉴定;再运用微量稀释法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、比色法测定菌株的耐Cd能力、去Cd2+效率和植物促生特性;最后通过盆栽试验考察施加菌株后对Cd胁迫下水稻生长的影响。【结果】从重金属污染土壤中分离得到12株对Cd2+表现较好抗性的细菌,其中对Cd耐受最好的一株细菌鉴定并命名为无色杆菌属(Achromobacter sp.) A81,其对Cd2+的耐受浓度高达800 mg/L,在10 mg/L Cd2+浓度下培养7 d,其最大Cd2+去除率为44.66%;菌株A81的上清液和菌体可共同吸附Cd2+;在Cd胁迫下分泌大量胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substance, EPS),主要成分为不溶性和可溶性蛋白。此外,该菌株具有固氮、溶磷、产铁载体、吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)和1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC)脱氨酶等植物促生活性,展现出显著的促生潜力。盆栽试验结果表明,与Cd胁迫组的对照相比,接种菌株A81后水稻的株高、根长、茎粗和鲜重分别增加了9.08%、39.59%、41.94%和73.58%。【结论】本研究探究了Achromobacter sp. A81在耐Cd、除Cd与植物促生方面的特性,以及其在Cd污染土壤修复中的应用潜力,为微生物治理重金属污染与农业绿色发展提供科学依据与优质菌株资源。

耐镉  /  无色杆菌属  /  植物促生  /  镉胁迫  /  水稻盆栽

[Objective] To screen and identify cadmium (Cd)-tolerant bacteria with plant growth-promoting effect from contaminated soil of a mining area in Guangxi, characterize the strain screened out in terms of the Cd tolerance, Cd2+ removal efficiency, plant growth-promoting effect, and influence on rice growth under Cd stress, and demonstrate the potential of the strain in plant growth and soil remediation. [Methods] Cd-tolerant bacteria were isolated by the dilution coating method and Cd2+ concentration gradient acclimation and further identified based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. The Cd tolerance, Cd2+ removal efficiency, and plant growth-promoting effect of the target strain were measured by microdilution, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and colorimetry. Finally, the effect of the strain on the growth of rice plants under Cd stress was investigated by a pot experiment. [Results] Twelve strains of bacteria with good tolerance to Cd2+ were isolated from heavy metal-contaminated soil, and one strain with the best tolerance to Cd was identified as Achromobacter sp. A81, which could grow in the presence of 800 mg/L Cd2+. Strain A81 cultured with 10 mg/L Cd²+ for 7 days showed the maximum Cd²+ removal rate of 44.66%. Both the supernatant and cells of strain A81 demonstrated the ability to adsorb Cd2+. Under Cd stress, the strain secreted a large amount of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) primarily composed of insoluble and soluble proteins. Furthermore, this strain was capable of fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus, and secreting siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, demonstrating remarkable plant growth-promoting effect. Pot experiment results revealed that compared with the group subjected to Cd stress, the rice plants inoculated with strain A81 showed increases of 9.08%, 39.59%, 41.94%, and 73.58% in plant height, root length, stem diameter, and fresh weight, respectively. [Conclusion] This study investigated the Cd tolerance, Cd removal efficiency, and plant growth-promoting effect of Achromobacter sp. A81 and assessed the application potential of this strain in Cd-contaminated soil remediation, providing a scientific basis and high-quality strain resources for the microbial remediation of heavy metal pollution and green agricultural development.

cadmium tolerance  /  Achromobacter sp.  /  plant growth-promoting  /  cadmium stress  /  potted rice plant
陆君铭, 吉春喜, 郭健杰, 刘睿, 张莉刚, 殷豆豆, 唐家昊, 张红岩, 申乃坤. 一株耐镉促生细菌Achromobacter sp. A81的分离鉴定及特性. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (1) : 90 -105 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240494
Junming LU, Chunxi JI, Jianjie GUO, Rui LIU, Ligang ZHANG, Doudou YIN, Jiahao TANG, Hongyan ZHANG, Naikun SHEN. Isolation, identification, and characterization of a cadmium-tolerant bacterium Achromobacter sp. A81 with plant growth-promoting effect[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (1) : 90 -105 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240494
镉(cadmium, Cd)是一种具有严重毒害的重金属,因其显著的生物蓄积性、致突变、致畸性和致癌性,已成为不可忽视的环境污染物[1]。在工业化与农业现代化加速融合的背景下,矿产过度开发和农药滥用加剧了Cd污染,威胁人类健康与生态安全[2]。值得关注的是,Cd污染通过土壤-作物链的传递,严重危害农业生产的稳定性和粮食安全[3]。水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是全球三大粮食作物之一,长期生长在Cd污染环境下的水稻会限制其生长,减少产量,并使稻米中Cd含量超标[4]。Cd经过食物链逐级传递,最终富集在人体,特别是肾脏,从而引发健康问题,如泌尿功能异常、骨骼软化、疼痛及肾功能受损等症状[5]。因此,急需有效Cd污染修复和治理策略。
传统Cd污染修复手段,受成本高、周期长、效果有限及二次污染等限制[6]。相比之下,微生物修复技术作为新兴环境友好型策略,利用微生物通过吸附、矿化和沉淀等机制降解Cd污染物[7]。研究表明,真菌刺孢曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatus)在10 mg/L Cd2+浓度下培养72 h,其最大去除效率为46.80%[8];耐Cd伯克霍尔德菌属(Burkholderia sp.) JLS17在10 mg/L Cd2+浓度下培养72 h,其最大去除效率为41.90%[9]。在实际应用中,微生物修复技术常与其他方法联合应用,提高修复效率,如产气肠杆菌(Enterobacter aerogenes) MCC 3092不仅促进水稻生长[具有产吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)、1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC)脱氨酶、固氮等促生特性],还能减少水稻对Cd的吸收[10]。因此,微生物修复技术的探索与应用逐渐成为Cd污染治理的研究热点。
耐Cd细菌(Cd tolerant bacteria, CdtB)是一类能在重金属污染环境存活的细菌,如假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)、伯克霍尔德属菌属(Burkholderia sp.)和无色杆菌属(Achromobacter sp.)等,研究表明CdtB利用生物吸附、浸出、转化、降解和积累等机制去除环境中的Cd[11]。耐重金属的植物促生细菌(plant growth promoting bacteria, PGPB)可以促进植物生长,增强抗逆性,其促生机制分为直接与间接两种:直接机制通过产生促生物质(如IAA等)和提高土壤营养(氮、磷、钾)利用率;间接机制则通过产生抗生素、分泌铁载体及诱导系统抗性来抵御病原微生物与虫害,优化植物对生物胁迫的能力,并影响土壤中重金属的生物利用性与毒性,从而提升植物修复重金属污染的效率[12]。例如,Tian等报道成团泛菌(Pantoea agglomerans) Tm02对1 000 μmol/L CdCl2有较强的耐受性,并且具有产生IAA、固氮和解磷的能力,通过水培发现接种该菌株能在Cd胁迫下促进水稻生长和降低水稻籽粒Cd的积累作用,展现出Cd污染土壤修复的潜力[13]。然而,公开报道的耐Cd PGPB的菌株种类较为单一,并对其去除Cd2+的机理研究较少。
已有研究发现,无色杆菌属(Achromobacter sp.)因其出色的环境适应性,在环境污染治理领域展现出巨大的应用潜力[14]。例如,王焯等[15]报道木糖氧化无色杆菌(Achromobacter xylosoxidans) D16不仅能在铀浓度350 mg/kg条件下生长,还可以分泌IAA和ACC脱氨酶促进植物生长,通过盆栽发现接种该菌能有效减少铀的积累和减轻铀污染对苜蓿的影响。鉴于当前微生物重金属研究多聚焦于耐Cd促生微生物筛选与鉴定,而有关Achromobacter sp.的重金属吸附机制及其对水稻Cd胁迫响应的具体作用机制尚待深入探索。本研究从Cd污染土壤中分离得到一株强耐Cd细菌,先通过形态学、生理生化及16S rRNA基因鉴定菌种;再运用微量稀释法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、比色法测定菌株的耐Cd性、去Cd2+效率和植物促生特性;最后通过盆栽试验,研究施加菌株对Cd胁迫水稻生长的影响。
重金属污染土样采自广西壮族自治区某矿区附近严格管控地块。水稻品种为‘百香优125’,由广西百香高科种业有限公司提供。盆栽土壤:人为加入氯化镉(CdCl2),为确保土壤中Cd2+浓度为120 mg/kg,每3 d混匀搅拌1次,老化4周后用于水稻栽培。
LB培养基、有机磷细菌培养基和铬天青(chrome azurol sulphonate, CAS)检测培养基均购自青岛海博生物技术有限公司。促生培养基:阿须贝固氮菌培养基(Ashby)和King氏培养基以及Salkowski比色液均参照文献[16]配制。ADF培养基参照文献[17]配制。
200 mg/mL的CdCl2溶液用0.22 μm滤膜过滤除菌备用。PCR扩增所用试剂购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司,引物27F和1492R由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。
从广西壮族自治区某矿区的重金属污染土壤采集样品。取5 g的土壤于45 mL无菌生理水,在35 ℃、200 r/min的恒温振荡摇床培养30 min。再用无菌水梯度稀释土样上清至10−1、10−3和10−5。取各稀释液100 µL涂布于100 mg/L Cd2+的LB固体培养基,筛选出长势良好的单菌落,分别接种至不同Cd2+浓度(200、400、600、800和1 000 mg/L)的LB固体培养基上进行适应性驯化。在800 mg/L Cd2+的LB固体培养基板上,选取能在48 h内生长稳定的细菌进行连续划线纯化,将纯化的菌株与灭菌甘油(终浓度为30%)混合,并储存在−80 ℃的冰箱中备用。
将菌体划线接种在LB固体培养基上,于35 ℃培养48 h后观察菌落形态,并进行革兰氏染色及扫描电镜观察。参考《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》[18]对菌株进行生理、生化鉴定。采用Chelex-100纯化DNA提取试剂盒(天津诺维莱博科技有限公司)提取菌株A81的DNA[19]。使用细菌16S rRNA基因通用引物27F (5′-AGAG TTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′)和1492R (5′-GGTT ACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′)进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系(50 μL):2×Taq PCR Mix 25 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各1 μL,DNA模板2 μL,ddH2O 21 μL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性4 min;95 ℃变性1 min,55 ℃退火1 min,72 ℃延伸2 min,32个循环;72 ℃终延伸10 min。PCR产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测后,送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司测序。所得序列上传至EzBioCloud (https://www.ezbiocloud.net/)数据库进行BLAST多重序列比对,然后利用MEGA 11软件构建系统发育树进行分子生物学鉴定。
参照Yin等的方法稍作修改[20]。将纯种菌株接种到LB液体培养基中,在35 ℃、200 r/min条件下培养48 h作为种子液(1×106 CFU)。向LB液体中添加200 mg/mL的CdCl2溶液,以调整Cd2+溶度至0、100、200、400、600、800和1 200 mg/L。接种菌株A81种子液于上述体系中,在35 ℃、200 r/min下培养3 d。随后,使用酶标仪测定其OD600值。OD600 > 0.2作为存活标准。实验设置3组重复以确保数据可靠性。
将种子液接入含不同Cd2+浓度(0、200、400、800和1 200 mg/L)的LB液体培养基中。在35 ℃、200 r/min条件下培养,每隔8 h取样,使用酶标仪测定其OD600值。每组处理设3次重复。基于测定数据,绘制菌株A81在不同Cd2+浓度下的生长曲线。
最适温度实验:将菌株A81接种于LB培养基内,置于不同温度(10−45 ℃)摇床培养箱内,在200 r/min的条件下培养72 h后测定其OD600值。酸碱性与耐盐性实验:将LB培养基调至不同pH值(4.0−11.0)或含有不同浓度的NaCl (0−10%),接种菌株A81,在35 ℃、200 r/min的条件下培养3 d,测定其OD600值。各处理均设3次重复。
参照Yin等和Li等的方法稍作修改,研究菌株A81在不同初始Cd2+浓度下的Cd2+去除效率[20-21]。将菌株A81接种至不同Cd2+浓度(10、50、100、200、400和800 mg/L)的LB液体培养基。在35 ℃、200 r/min的条件下培养3 d和7 d。随后,取2 mL菌液,8 000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液过0.22 μm滤膜。利用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES,Aglient公司)测定待测上清液的Cd2+浓度。各处理均设3次重复。Cd2+去除率计算如公式(1)所示。
$去除率=(C0Ce)/C0×100%$
式中:C0为初始Cd2+浓度(mg/L);Ce为上清液中Cd2+浓度(mg/L)。
参照周野等[22]的方法稍作修改。取50 mL发酵液,8 000 r/min离心10 min,取上清过0.22 μm滤膜后作为无菌发酵液;剩余菌体细胞使用50 mL无菌水重悬,制得菌体细胞悬液。随后,分别向含有50 mL的100 mg/L Cd2+的LB培养基中加入50 mL的发酵液、无菌发酵液和菌体细胞悬液,在摇床内35 ℃、200 r/min培养12 h混匀后再静置4 h。按照1.8方法处理各组的上清液,用ICP-OES测定3组上清液的Cd2+浓度,计算Cd2+去除率。各处理均设3次重复,结果取平均值(下同)。
将菌株A81分别接种于无Cd2+和含有400 mg/L Cd2+的LB液体培养基中,在35 ℃、200 r/min下培养。采用离心法和加热法提取菌株A81的可溶性和不可溶性EPS[23]。于10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80和90 h分别收集未加Cd2+和400 mg/L Cd2+处理的菌液,在4 ℃、8 000 r/min下离心10 min,收集上清液。上清液用于测定可溶性多糖和可溶性蛋白。将菌体重悬于0.5 g/L NaCl溶液,60 ℃水浴30 min后,4 ℃、8 000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液,用于测定不可溶性多糖和不可溶性蛋白。多糖采用苯酚硫酸法测定[24],蛋白质含量采用考马斯亮蓝法测定[25]
配制Cd2+浓度为400 mg/L的LB液体培养基,以不添加Cd2+的LB培养基作为对照,接种菌株A81培养3 d。取菌液,8 000 r/min离心10 min,去上清,保留菌体。使用0.1 mol/L的PBS缓冲液洗涤菌体3次后,加入2.5%的戊二醛混匀后4 ℃静置过夜。次日,将菌体8 000 r/min离心10 min,去除戊二醛,再用PBS缓冲液清洗2次,每次15 min,随后依次用30%、50%、70%、80%、90%和100%的乙醇对菌体进行系列梯度脱水,每次15 min,其中100%乙醇脱水处理2次,每次20 min。脱水结束后,把样品置于干燥器内彻底干燥,随后固定在玻片上,喷金以增加导电性。最后,使用扫描电镜及能谱仪(SEM-EDS,Carl Zeiss AG公司)对样品进行微观形态观察和元素分析。
将菌株A81点接于有机磷细菌培养基,35 ℃培养箱内倒置培养3 d,观察有无溶磷圈,检测其溶解有机磷能力,测定透明圈直径(D)与菌落直径(d),用D/d表示溶磷指数。参考曹晶晶等[16]的方法,将菌株接种于King氏培养基中在35 ℃、200 r/min下振荡培养2 d后,用Salkowski比色法测定其产IAA含量;将菌株A81划线于Ashby固体培养基上,在35 ℃培养箱内倒置培养3 d,观察其生长情况,检测其固氮能力。将菌株点接于CAS检测培养基上,在35 ℃培养箱内倒置培养5 d,观察有无橙黄色晕圈,检测其产铁载体能力。根据Penrose等[17]的方法,将菌株接种于ADF培养基中,在35 ℃、200 r/min下培养3 d,观察其浑浊情况,检测其产ACC脱氨酶能力。
挑选健康饱满水稻种子,经5% H2O2溶液消毒30 min后,用去离子水冲洗3次,随后于30 ℃黑暗浸泡12 h催芽,培育至3叶1心期。选取长势一致的水稻秧苗,移栽至实验盆,分别接种稀释10倍后的A81菌液,接种量20 mL/kg。实验共设4组(每组3次重复):CK组(无Cd无接种)、A81组(无Cd有接种)、Cd组(有Cd无接种)和Cd+A81组(有Cd有接种)。移栽4周后,整株采取样本,洗净根部,记录根长、株高、茎粗数据,并测定单株鲜重。
本研究采用GraphPad Prism 8和Origin 2022软件进行统计分析绘图。通过SPSS 8.0分析不同处理组之间的差异,确定各组之间的显著性差异(P < 0.05)。
本研究从矿区重金属污染土壤中分离纯化得到12株耐Cd菌株,分别标记为A1b、A4b、A6a、A7、A81、A9、A12、B2、B4a、B3、B6a、B8b,各菌株在不同浓度Cd2+胁迫下的生长情况见表1。从表1中可以看出,菌株A81对Cd2+有高耐受性(培养基Cd2+浓度为800 mg/L),因此,确定A81为优选耐Cd菌株。
筛选所得的菌株为杆状,革兰氏阴性菌,菌落呈圆形光滑状、湿润、边缘整齐、易挑取,在固体培养基上呈淡黄色(图1)。
由菌株A81生理生化试验结果可知(表2),VP试验、MR试验、淀粉试验、硫化氢试验结果呈阴性;可利用葡萄糖,但无法利用果糖、蔗糖、甘露醇;硝酸盐还原试验、明胶液化、柠檬酸盐利用结果呈阳性;石蕊牛奶实验呈胨化,说明其产酪蛋白水解酶。
对菌株A81进行分子生物学鉴定,将16S rRNA基因序列在EzBioCloud数据库中进行BLAST多重序列比对分析,发现该菌株与木糖氧化无色杆菌(Achromobacter xyloxide) NBRC 15126的相似性高达99.28%,初步鉴定该菌株为Achromobacter sp. A81,系统发育树如图2所示。
菌株A81对Cd2+的耐受性研究结果表明,该菌株A81对Cd2+的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC)为800 mg/L (图3A)。图3B为初始Cd2+浓度为0、200、400、800和1 200 mg/L时,菌株A81的生长曲线。在无Cd2+的LB培养基中,菌株表现出快速增殖,在约40 h内达到稳定期。然而,在Cd2+浓度升高时,观察到生长速率随之降低。当200 mg/L Cd2+条件下,菌落OD600降低了近一半,表明该菌株对Cd2+的敏感性。同时,菌株A81由于Cd的毒性影响表现出延长滞后期的生理反应。在800 mg/L Cd2+条件下,菌株的生长受到更严重的抑制,40 h后才开始生长,在60 h后进入稳定生长阶段。
图4所示,菌株A81在10 ℃和45 ℃中不长,最适温度范围为20−40 ℃;pH生长范围为5.0−10.0,最适生长pH范围为5.0−9.0;在0−9% NaCl范围内菌株A81可生长,最适生长浓度为0−6%。曹晶晶等[16]筛选出的耐盐根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens) DJ-1的最大耐盐浓度达到8% NaCl,以及林浩澎等[26]报道的耐碱杀香鱼假单胞菌(Pseudomonas plecoglossicida) ZY-3的pH耐受范围为6.0−10.0。与DJ-1和ZY-3相比,菌株A81具有更高的耐盐浓度并且同样能在碱性环境中生长,预示其在盐碱土壤生态修复领域具有潜在应用价值。
图5为不同初始Cd2+浓度下菌株A81对溶液中Cd2+的去除率。随着Cd2+浓度的增高,菌株A81的去除率不断降低,但随着时间的增加,去除率会有所提高。菌株A81在10 mg/L Cd²+浓度下培养3 d与7 d,该菌株的Cd²+去除率分别为31.82%与44.66%;在50 mg/L Cd²+浓度下培养3 d与7 d,Cd²+去除率分别为29.92%与40.20%。然而,当在800 mg/L Cd²+浓度下,无论培养3 d或7 d,Cd²+去除率均维持在较低水平,分别为12.03%与12.01%,可能是由于Cd毒害对菌株的生长造成严重抑制,菌体数量较少[27]
图6可知,发酵液吸附作用对Cd2+的去除效果最好,其去除率(15.98%)显著高于无菌发酵液和菌体细胞悬液。无菌上清液对Cd2+的去除效果次之,去除率(10.53%)显著高于菌体悬液;去除效果最差的是菌体细胞悬液,其去除率为4.47%。综上可知,菌株A81的上清液和菌体均参与Cd2+的吸附。
图7可知,随着时间延长,对照组的菌株A81的EPS总量先降低后增加(图7A),EPS总量为337.39−575.24 mg/L;而400 mg/L Cd2+处理组的EPS总量随着时间的延长而逐渐增加,EPS总量可达382.60−886.66 mg/L,与对照组相比平均增加了54.13% (图7B)。由此说明,菌株A81经Cd胁迫后会分泌更多的EPS。随着发酵时间从10 h延长至90 h,Cd2+处理下菌株A81的EPS中不可溶性蛋与可溶性蛋白含量分别增加了157.11%和197.71%,同时不可溶性多糖与可溶性多糖含量分别增加了38.27%和75.61%。尤为突出的是,菌株A81的蛋白质组分(不可溶性蛋白和可溶性蛋白)含量占比最高且增长最为显著,表明蛋白组分在Cd2+的络合和抵御Cd胁迫中发挥了重要作用,这与谢伟霞等[28]的研究结果相似。
扫描电镜可以观察到未添加Cd2+和添加800 mg/L Cd2+的菌株A81的细胞外部表面的影响(图8)。当Cd2+浓度为0 mg/L时,细胞呈现出杆状,细胞之间未发生粘连(图8A);而当Cd2+浓度为800 mg/L时,细胞表面变得粗糙,并且发生了一定程度的变形与皱缩,表明细胞处于应激反应[29] (图8B)。同时,在表面明显观察到生物膜的形成、沉淀颗粒的吸附以及细胞之间粘连等现象,这表明细胞在Cd胁迫环境下激发自身防御。通过对颗粒物质进行EDS元素分析,证明沉淀颗粒含大量Cd元素(图8C)。
植物促生能力研究结果表明,菌株A81的菌体周围形成溶磷圈并且其溶磷指数(D/d)为6.99/21.26,表明菌株有较好的溶磷能力(图9A);菌株A81在Ashby固体培养基上可以生长,证实其具有强固氮作用(图9B);该菌株在King氏培养基中振荡培养2 d后,可产生IAA (41.24 mg/L);在CAS检测培养基可见橙黄色晕圈,表明其具有产铁载体能力(图9C);此外,菌株A81可产ACC脱氨酶(图9D)。综上所述,菌株A81具有溶磷、固氮、产IAA、铁载体和ACC脱氨酶的促生特性。
图10所示,Cd胁迫处理显著抑制了水稻株高、根长和茎粗的生长,抑制水稻体内生物量的积累,并且发现高浓度Cd胁迫下诱导水稻长出大量的不足3 cm的短根,增加了根的密度;接种菌株A81能显著缓解污染对水稻生长的抑制作用,并且对水稻生长具有促生作用。Cd组的水稻株高比CK组(43.10 cm)显著降低了22.52%。Cd+A81组与Cd组(33.39 cm)相比,增加了9.08%。A81组的株高与CK组显著增加了18.46% (图11A)。Cd组水稻的根长比CK组(12.21 cm)显著降低了11.84%。Cd+A81组与Cd组(10.76 cm)相比,增加了39.59%。A81组的根长与CK组显著增加了43.99% (图11B)。Cd组水稻的茎粗比CK组(4.39 cm)降低了8.69%,与CK组无显著差异。Cd+A81组与Cd组(4.01 cm)相比,增加了41.94%。A81组的茎粗与CK组显著增加了48.05% (图11C)。Cd组水稻的鲜重比CK组(3.50 g)显著降低了20.37%。Cd+A81组与Cd组(2.79 g)相比,增加了73.58%。A81组的根长与CK组显著增加了105.28% (图11D)。
耐Cd促生细菌的筛选与功能鉴定是研究微生物修复Cd污染的重要环节[30]。目前,耐镉促生菌的筛选有许多报道。Cho等[31]成功从重金属污染土壤中分离出雷弗森菌属(Leifsonia sp.) ZP3,耐Cd2+最高浓度为100 mg/L,且兼具溶解有机磷和产IAA等促生特性。Abdollahi等[32]从重金污染土壤中分离出5株耐Cd细菌,经鉴定为阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)、神户肠杆菌(Enterobacter kobei)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、普沙根瘤菌(Rhizobium pusense)和根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefacien),对Cd2+的最高耐受浓度达100−150 mg/L,并具备溶磷、解钾等促生功能。本研究从矿区重金属污染土壤中筛选出的Achromobacter sp. A81,与其他已报道的耐镉促生细菌相比,不仅具有固氮、溶磷、产铁载体、IAA和ACC脱氨酶活性,还表现出对Cd2+较高的抗性,其在极端浓度(800 mg/L Cd2+)下依旧能存活。此外,已有报道的耐镉罗尔斯通氏菌属(Ralstonia sp.) YDR的Cd2+最大耐受浓度为80 mg/L,在10 mg/L Cd2+的浓度下培养7 d,该菌株的最大Cd2+去除率高达60%以上[20]。张旭辉等[33]筛选的耐镉Achromobacter sp. ZXH21的Cd2+最大耐受浓度为600 mg/L,在50 mg/L Cd2+的浓度下培养7 d,最大去除率为36.5%。本研究的Achromobacter sp. A81在10 mg/L Cd²+浓度下培养7 d,最大Cd²+去除率为44.66%;在50 mg/L Cd²+浓度下培养7 d,最大Cd²+去除率为40.20%,相比同类文献Cd²+最大耐镉浓度与去除效率,处于中等水平。这为其后续应用研究奠定了坚实基础。此外,该菌株展现出耐碱(pH 10.0)与耐盐(9% NaCl)能力,预示其在盐碱土壤生态修复领域具有潜在的重要应用价值。
EPS是微生物分泌或细胞裂解产生的生物大分子聚合物,包裹于细胞表面或散布于胞外,主要由蛋白质、多糖及核酸组成[34]。微生物在逆境下会增加EPS的合成,以稳定生长环境,因此EPS是细菌适应逆境的自我保护机制之一,其中EPS的蛋白质表面含有丰富的−OH和−C=O等官能团,对抗逆境时具有至关重要的作用[35]。Lian等[36]报道铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)和粪产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes faecalis)在Cd胁迫下,EPS的产量分别激增了52.07%和409.69%,其中不可溶性蛋白质含量变化显著,且发现C=O与C−N等官能团在Cd去除中起重要作用。在本研究中,Achromobacter sp. A81的上清液和菌体细胞均参与Cd2+的吸附。在Cd胁迫下,菌株大量分泌EPS,特别是可溶性和不可溶性蛋白质的含量分别激增了197.71%和157.11%,这为菌株吸附Cd2+提供了物质基础。此外,通过SEM-EDS发现菌株A81表面在Cd胁迫下沉淀大量含Cd颗粒物质,表明菌株A81能诱导重金属沉淀,进而降低溶液中游离态重金属的含量,这一发现与苏楠楠等[37]发现相似。然而,关于菌株A81蛋白质与Cd2+的具体络合机制,仍需通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared, FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS)等先进光谱技术进行检测与分析[38]
近年来,PGPB在缓解重金属胁迫,特别是Cd污染对植物的毒害方面展现出巨大的应用潜力,其通过分泌植物促生剂(如IAA)、产铁载体、溶解有机磷盐、固氮、生产ACC脱氨酶等机制,有效促进植物生长并减轻重金属的毒害效应,成为生态修复和农业可持续发展的重要工具[12]。具体而言,PGPB通过分泌IAA等植物促生激素,直接促进植物的生长与发育。例如,Chen等[39]发现荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens) Sasm05不仅能产生IAA促进油菜的生长,还能直接调控Cd吸收关键基因的表达。这一现象表明,PGPB在分子水平上通过调控植物基因表达,实现对重金属胁迫的响应和适应。其次,PGPB在固氮和产ACC脱氨酶等方面也发挥了重要作用。Shen等[40]的研究表明,固氮细菌Burkholderia sp. GN6不仅促进植物生长,缩短植物对Cd2+的吸收时间,还降低了Cd在细胞质中的“活性态”。此外,Fernández-Llamosas等[41]报道耐Cd细菌固氮弧菌属(Azoarcus sp.) CIB具有显著的产ACC脱氨酶的活性,有效减少了水稻在Cd胁迫环境中乙烯的产生,进而降低了水稻幼苗对Cd的吸收。值得注意的是,多种促生功能的协同作用在PGPB缓解植物Cd毒害展现出更为显著的优势。Hassan等[42]的研究强调,同时具备产生ACC脱氨酶与固氮能力的PGPB相较于单一功能的PGPB,能更有效地减轻植物Cd污染胁迫并增强植物恢复能力。此外,苏楠楠等[37]发现克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella sp.) M2通过溶解有机磷形成磷酸盐沉淀固定Cd2+,减少了土壤中有效Cd含量,从而缓解了Cd对小麦的毒害。本研究中,Achromobacter sp. A81具备固氮、溶磷、产铁载体、IAA和ACC脱氨酶活性,展现出强大的促生潜力。盆栽结果进一步表明,与未接菌种的对照组相比,施加菌株A81显著促进水稻生长,使得水稻的根长、株高、茎粗、鲜重分别增加了18.46%、43.99%、48.05%、105.28%;同时,在Cd胁迫条件下,菌株A81有效缓解了Cd对苗期水稻生长发育的影响,具体表现为,与Cd胁迫组相比,接种菌株A81后水稻的株高、根长、茎粗和鲜重分别增加了9.08%、39.59%、41.94%和73.58%,这一发现不仅验证了Achromobacter sp. A81在生态修复和农业应用中的潜在价值,也为该菌株在农业实践中的进一步应用提供了科学依据。
未来的研究应聚焦于菌株A81的Cd吸附机理,并且探索其对其他重金属(如Cu2+、Zn2+和Pb2+)的耐受性和去除能力。此外,进一步探索菌株A81对Cd胁迫下水稻的生理响应与Cd迁移效率,深入了解菌株A81缓解水稻Cd胁迫的具体作用机制。同时,需审慎考虑环境安全性与生产成本因素。本研究不仅奠定了Cd污染修复菌剂开发的理论基础,也为绿色农业实践提供了宝贵的菌株资源与科学支撑。
本研究成功从重金属污染土壤中分离到一株耐镉促生细菌Achromobacter sp. A81,其对Cd2+的耐受浓度高达800 mg/L。在10 mg/L Cd2+浓度下培养7 d,其最大去除率为44.66%。该菌株的上清液和菌体共同吸附Cd2+;在Cd胁迫下分泌大量EPS,主要成分为不溶性和可溶性蛋白。该菌株能诱导Cd2+沉淀于菌体表面,减少游离态Cd2+。此外,该菌株还具备固氮、溶磷、产铁载体、IAA和ACC脱氨酶植物促生功能。盆栽试验证实,接种菌株A81显著促进水稻生长并有效缓解Cd胁迫的毒害,这有助于其在镉污染微生物修复领域的应用。
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2025年第65卷第1期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240494
  • 接收时间:2024-08-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-04
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-07
  • 录用日期:2024-10-15
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    广西民族大学 海洋与生物技术学院, 广西多糖材料与改性重点实验室, 广西 南宁 530006

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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