Article(id=1242149201375736653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242149197907042945, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240401, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1719763200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1727020800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-09-23, onlineDate=1774081047624, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1727280000000, pubDateStr=2024-09-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774081047624, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774081047624, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081047624, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242149197907042945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='12', pageStart='4471', pageEnd='4951', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774081046797, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081046797, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4918, endPage=4935, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242149202164265825, articleId=1242149201375736653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Differences of microbial community structures and co-occurrence networks in rivers and lakes in the Qaidam Basin, columnId=1226236834313847103, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Data Paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Rivers and lakes are important and closely linked aquatic ecosystems, in which microorganisms are important organic components and participate in the transformation of various substances and energy flow. Comparing the bacterial and fungal communities and their co-occurrence networks between rivers and lakes is the key to a deeper understanding of the biogeochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems of the Qaidam Basin. [Methods] We analyzed the diversity, structures, driving factors, and co-occurrence networks of bacterial and fungal communities in six rivers and four lakes of the Qaidam Basin by next-generation sequencing and statistical analysis methods. [Results] The abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi in rivers were higher than those in lakes (Wilcoxon, P < 0.01). The most dominant bacterial phylum was Proteobacteria in both rivers and lakes (rivers: 6.0%–63.0%; lakes: 8.0%–61.0%), while the most dominant fungal phylum varied between rivers and lakes, being Ascomycota (0.5%–75.0%) in rivers and unclassified_k_Fungi (3.0%–87.0%) in lakes. The structures of bacterial and fungal communities differed between rivers and lakes (bacteria: R=0.599, P=0.001; fungi: R=0.435, P=0.001). Altitude (Alt), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), and total nitrogen (TN) were significant factors shaping bacterial community structures, while dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and temperature (Temp) were significant drivers shaping fungal community structures in different aquatic ecosystems. The stability of bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly between habitats. Specifically, bacterial communities were more stable in rivers than in lakes, while fungal communities were more stable in lakes than in rivers. [Conclusion] The bacterial and fungal communities varied between rivers and lakes in the Qaidam Basin, demonstrating spatial heterogeneity. This study can provide data support for the in-depth study of the differences and connections of the microbial community characteristics between rivers and lakes in the Qaidam Basin. Moreover, it lays a theoretical foundation for the protection and management of water resources in this region.

, correspAuthors=Dandan WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*WANG Dandan, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Haichao JIA, Dandan WANG, Yuefei HUANG, Hengzhi YIN, Ziqi SU, Borong LI, Yinxuan GAO, Zhongshuai XIA, Jiyao SUN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1242149203808433053, articleId=1242149201375736653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=柴达木盆地河流与湖泊水体微生物群落结构及共现网络模式差异, columnId=1226236834993324389, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=数据论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】河流与湖泊是重要且紧密联系的水生生态系统,其中微生物是河流与湖泊生态系统中重要的有机组分并参与介导水体各类物质的转化和能量流动,探究河流与湖泊水体细菌和真菌群落特征及其共现网络模式的差异是深入理解柴达木盆地水生生态系统生物地球化学循环的关键。【方法】基于高通量测序技术利用统计分析,选取柴达木盆地典型河湖(4个湖泊和6条河流)为研究对象,解析河流与湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落的多样性、群落结构、驱动因素和共现网络的差异性。【结果】河流水体细菌和真菌的丰度和多样性指数均高于湖泊水体(Wilcoxon,P < 0.01)。河流与湖泊水体的细菌群落的最优势菌门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,河流占比:6.0%−63.0%;湖泊占比:8.0%−61.0%),河流与湖泊的真菌群落最优势物种不同,河流为子囊菌门(Ascomycota):0.5%−75.0%、湖泊为未分类菌门(unclassified_k_Fungi):3.0%−87.0%。河流与湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落结构差异显著(细菌:R=0.599,P=0.001;真菌:R=0.435,P=0.001)。海拔(altitude, Alt)、叶绿素a (chlorophyll a, Chl-a)和总氮(total nitrogen, TN)是不同水体的细菌群落结构的显著驱动因子;而溶解氧(dissolved oxygen, DO)、酸碱度(potential of hydrogen potential of hydrogen, pH)和温度(temperature, Temp)是不同水体真菌群落结构的显著驱动因子。细菌和真菌群落在不同生境中稳定性差异较大:河流细菌群落比湖泊细菌群落中更稳定,而湖泊真菌群落比河流真菌群落更稳定。【结论】柴达木盆地河流与湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落特征存在较明显差异,表现出一定的空间异质性。本研究可为深入研究柴达木盆地河湖水生生态系统微生物群落特征的差异和联系提供数据支撑,并为该区域水资源保护和管理提供一定理论依据。

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Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 680:124-131., articleTitle=Biogeography and the driving factors affecting forest soil bacteria in an arid area, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1243293097132667515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, awardId=2024-ZJ-955, language=EN, fundingSource=Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2024-ZJ-955), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1243293097237525118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, awardId=2024-ZJ-955, language=CN, fundingSource=青海省自然科学基金(2024-ZJ-955), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1243293088286879888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243293088291074193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, companyId=1243293088286879888, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Civil Engineering and Water Resources, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243293088299462802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, companyId=1243293088286879888, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 青海大学 土木水利学院, 青海 西宁 810016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1243293088400126102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243293088416903323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, companyId=1243293088400126102, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Laboratory of Protection and High-Quality Development in the Upper Yellow River, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243293088425291932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, companyId=1243293088400126102, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 青海大学, 黄河上游生态保护与高质量发展实验室, 青海 西宁 810016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1243293088521760928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243293088534343843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, companyId=1243293088521760928, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Key Laboratory of Water Ecological Remediation and Protection at Headwater Regions of Big Rivers, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243293088538538150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, companyId=1243293088521760928, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 青海大学, 水利部江河源区水生态治理与保护重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810016)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1243293094175683068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Comparative analysis of alpha diversity indices in bacteria (A−D) and fungal (E−H) communities between rivers and lakes. Wilcoxon test for bacterial and fungal alpha diversity indices in river and lake waters. *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ****: P < 0.000 1; ns: Not significant., figureFileSmall=8q3rWBn177wBCwmAsOduog==, figureFileBig=lW6iByshChcqTV7l62gWeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243293094297317890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, language=CN, label=图1, caption=河流与湖泊的细菌(A−D)和真菌(E−H)群落α多样性指数对比分析

河流与湖泊水体的细菌和真菌α多样性指数的Wilcoxon检验,*P < 0.05;**P < 0.01;****P < 0.000 1;ns:差异不显著

, figureFileSmall=8q3rWBn177wBCwmAsOduog==, figureFileBig=lW6iByshChcqTV7l62gWeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243293094435729933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Spearman coefficient between alpha diversity indices of bacterial and fungal in rivers and lakes and environmental factors. The significance of Spearman's correlation coefficient between environmental factors and bacterial or fungal alpha diversity indices. *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001., figureFileSmall=8cNtX4D5FliSd3R6ujRpXw==, figureFileBig=2r7sFPII0VlyaDM4qNhr1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243293094553170451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, language=CN, label=图2, caption=河流与湖泊水体的细菌和真菌α多样性指数与环境因子之间Spearman相关系数

环境因子与细菌或真菌α多样性指数的Spearman相关系数的显著性,*P < 0.05;**P < 0.01;***P < 0.001

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按照不同的模块进行着色,仅展示网络中相对丰度前5的模块,其他模块用灰色表示;节点颜色:不同的模块;边的颜色:相关关系

, figureFileSmall=Wsj/ZsAyPHdRD5V8ndEXOA==, figureFileBig=v/sq6k3iDZzhDcUpagKDhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243293095744352839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Top 5 dominant species of bacterial communities in different samples of river water bodies at the phylum level

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Top 5 dominant speciesRange of abundance (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)
Table 1 aligns with figure 3A.
Proteobacteria6.0−63.0BYR_ZX (6.0)YKR1 (63.0)
Actinobacteria7.0−36.0YKR1 (7.0)BYR_ZX (36.0)
Firmicutes1.0−55.0TTLR2 (1.0)BYR_ZX (55.0)
Bacteroidetes0.5−20.0BYR_ZX (0.5)GEMR4 (20.0)
Cyanobacteria0.5−19.0BYR_Z (0.5)BYR_S (19.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1243293095865987659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

河流水体不同样本的细菌群落在门水平上的前5优势物种

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Top 5 dominant speciesRange of abundance (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)
Table 1 aligns with figure 3A.
Proteobacteria6.0−63.0BYR_ZX (6.0)YKR1 (63.0)
Actinobacteria7.0−36.0YKR1 (7.0)BYR_ZX (36.0)
Firmicutes1.0−55.0TTLR2 (1.0)BYR_ZX (55.0)
Bacteroidetes0.5−20.0BYR_ZX (0.5)GEMR4 (20.0)
Cyanobacteria0.5−19.0BYR_Z (0.5)BYR_S (19.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1243293095979233877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Top 5 dominant species of fungal communities in different samples of river water bodies at the phylum level

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Top 5 dominant speciesRange of abundance (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)
Table 2 aligns with figure 3B.
Ascomycota0.5−75.0K_TR1 (0.5)XRDR1 (75.0)
Unclassified_k_Fungi3.0−97.0XRDR1 (3.0)K_TR1 (97.0)
Basidiomycota0.2−69.0KTR1 (0.2)BYR_Z (69.0)
Chytridiom, ycota0.5−22.0BYR_Z (0.5)TTLR2 (22.0)
Rozellomycota0.5−16.0GEMR1 (0.5)TTLR2 (16.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1243293096092480088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

河流水体不同样本的真菌群落在门水平上的前5优势物种

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Top 5 dominant speciesRange of abundance (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)
Table 2 aligns with figure 3B.
Ascomycota0.5−75.0K_TR1 (0.5)XRDR1 (75.0)
Unclassified_k_Fungi3.0−97.0XRDR1 (3.0)K_TR1 (97.0)
Basidiomycota0.2−69.0KTR1 (0.2)BYR_Z (69.0)
Chytridiom, ycota0.5−22.0BYR_Z (0.5)TTLR2 (22.0)
Rozellomycota0.5−16.0GEMR1 (0.5)TTLR2 (16.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1243293096218309211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Top 5 dominant species of bacterial communities in different samples of lake water bodies at the phylum level

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Top 5 dominant speciesRange of abundance (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)
Table 3 aligns with figure 3C.
Proteobacteria8.0−61.0KLKL3 (8.0)TSL3 (61.0)
Actinobacteria6.0−38.0GHL1 (6.0)XCDL3 (38.0)
Firmicutes1.0−75.0XCDL1 (1.0)KLKL3 (75.0)
Bacteroidetes0.5−31.0KLKL3 (0.5)XCDL2 (31.0)
Cyanobacteria1.0−20.0TSL1 (1.0)XCDL1 (20.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1243293096318972509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

湖泊水体不同样本的细菌群落在门水平上的前5优势物种

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Top 5 dominant speciesRange of abundance (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)
Table 3 aligns with figure 3C.
Proteobacteria8.0−61.0KLKL3 (8.0)TSL3 (61.0)
Actinobacteria6.0−38.0GHL1 (6.0)XCDL3 (38.0)
Firmicutes1.0−75.0XCDL1 (1.0)KLKL3 (75.0)
Bacteroidetes0.5−31.0KLKL3 (0.5)XCDL2 (31.0)
Cyanobacteria1.0−20.0TSL1 (1.0)XCDL1 (20.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1243293096444801634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Top 5 dominant species of fungal communities in different samples of lake waters at the phylum level

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Top 5 dominant speciesRange of abundance (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)
Table 4 aligns with figure 3D.
Unclassified_k_Fungi3.0−87.0TSL (3.0)XCDL3 (87.0)
Ascomycota3.0−94.0XCDL1 (3.0)TSL1 (94.0)
Chytridiomycota0.3−25.0XCDL2 (0.3)GHL3 (25.0)
Rozellomycota0.2−23.0TSL1 (0.2)XCDL1 (23.0)
Basidiomycota0.2−10.0TSL3 (0.2)KLKL2 (10.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1243293096583213678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

湖泊水体不同样本的真菌群落在门水平上的前5优势物种

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Top 5 dominant speciesRange of abundance (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)Samples with the highest abundance percentage (%)
Table 4 aligns with figure 3D.
Unclassified_k_Fungi3.0−87.0TSL (3.0)XCDL3 (87.0)
Ascomycota3.0−94.0XCDL1 (3.0)TSL1 (94.0)
Chytridiomycota0.3−25.0XCDL2 (0.3)GHL3 (25.0)
Rozellomycota0.2−23.0TSL1 (0.2)XCDL1 (23.0)
Basidiomycota0.2−10.0TSL3 (0.2)KLKL2 (10.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1243293096713237101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Co-occurrence network topology parameters of bacteria and fungi in river and lake waters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Microorganisms across different habitatsNodes_numberEdges_numberNode average degreesClustering coefficientModularity
River bacteria1394406.330.470.56
Lake bacteria823247.930.550.54
River fungi23141.220.600.88
Lake fungi9214.670.720.19
), ArticleFig(id=1243293096851649138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242149201375736653, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

河流与湖泊的细菌和真菌共现网络拓扑参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Microorganisms across different habitatsNodes_numberEdges_numberNode average degreesClustering coefficientModularity
River bacteria1394406.330.470.56
Lake bacteria823247.930.550.54
River fungi23141.220.600.88
Lake fungi9214.670.720.19
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柴达木盆地河流与湖泊水体微生物群落结构及共现网络模式差异
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贾海超 1 , 王丹丹 1, 2, 3, * , 黄跃飞 1, 2, 3 , 殷恒芝 1 , 苏子淇 1 , 李伯荣 1 , 高印轩 1 , 夏中帅 1 , 孙继瑶 1
微生物学报 | 数据论文 2024,64(12): 4918-4935
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微生物学报 | 数据论文 2024, 64(12): 4918-4935
柴达木盆地河流与湖泊水体微生物群落结构及共现网络模式差异
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贾海超1, 王丹丹1, 2, 3, * , 黄跃飞1, 2, 3, 殷恒芝1, 苏子淇1, 李伯荣1, 高印轩1, 夏中帅1, 孙继瑶1
作者信息
  • 1 青海大学 土木水利学院, 青海 西宁 810016
  • 2 青海大学, 黄河上游生态保护与高质量发展实验室, 青海 西宁 810016
  • 3 青海大学, 水利部江河源区水生态治理与保护重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810016
Differences of microbial community structures and co-occurrence networks in rivers and lakes in the Qaidam Basin
Haichao JIA1, Dandan WANG1, 2, 3, * , Yuefei HUANG1, 2, 3, Hengzhi YIN1, Ziqi SU1, Borong LI1, Yinxuan GAO1, Zhongshuai XIA1, Jiyao SUN1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Civil Engineering and Water Resources, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
  • 2 Laboratory of Protection and High-Quality Development in the Upper Yellow River, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Water Ecological Remediation and Protection at Headwater Regions of Big Rivers, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
出版时间: 2024-09-26 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240401
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【目的】河流与湖泊是重要且紧密联系的水生生态系统,其中微生物是河流与湖泊生态系统中重要的有机组分并参与介导水体各类物质的转化和能量流动,探究河流与湖泊水体细菌和真菌群落特征及其共现网络模式的差异是深入理解柴达木盆地水生生态系统生物地球化学循环的关键。【方法】基于高通量测序技术利用统计分析,选取柴达木盆地典型河湖(4个湖泊和6条河流)为研究对象,解析河流与湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落的多样性、群落结构、驱动因素和共现网络的差异性。【结果】河流水体细菌和真菌的丰度和多样性指数均高于湖泊水体(Wilcoxon,P < 0.01)。河流与湖泊水体的细菌群落的最优势菌门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,河流占比:6.0%−63.0%;湖泊占比:8.0%−61.0%),河流与湖泊的真菌群落最优势物种不同,河流为子囊菌门(Ascomycota):0.5%−75.0%、湖泊为未分类菌门(unclassified_k_Fungi):3.0%−87.0%。河流与湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落结构差异显著(细菌:R=0.599,P=0.001;真菌:R=0.435,P=0.001)。海拔(altitude, Alt)、叶绿素a (chlorophyll a, Chl-a)和总氮(total nitrogen, TN)是不同水体的细菌群落结构的显著驱动因子;而溶解氧(dissolved oxygen, DO)、酸碱度(potential of hydrogen potential of hydrogen, pH)和温度(temperature, Temp)是不同水体真菌群落结构的显著驱动因子。细菌和真菌群落在不同生境中稳定性差异较大:河流细菌群落比湖泊细菌群落中更稳定,而湖泊真菌群落比河流真菌群落更稳定。【结论】柴达木盆地河流与湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落特征存在较明显差异,表现出一定的空间异质性。本研究可为深入研究柴达木盆地河湖水生生态系统微生物群落特征的差异和联系提供数据支撑,并为该区域水资源保护和管理提供一定理论依据。

河流与湖泊  /  细菌和真菌  /  驱动因素  /  共现网络

[Objective] Rivers and lakes are important and closely linked aquatic ecosystems, in which microorganisms are important organic components and participate in the transformation of various substances and energy flow. Comparing the bacterial and fungal communities and their co-occurrence networks between rivers and lakes is the key to a deeper understanding of the biogeochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems of the Qaidam Basin. [Methods] We analyzed the diversity, structures, driving factors, and co-occurrence networks of bacterial and fungal communities in six rivers and four lakes of the Qaidam Basin by next-generation sequencing and statistical analysis methods. [Results] The abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi in rivers were higher than those in lakes (Wilcoxon, P < 0.01). The most dominant bacterial phylum was Proteobacteria in both rivers and lakes (rivers: 6.0%–63.0%; lakes: 8.0%–61.0%), while the most dominant fungal phylum varied between rivers and lakes, being Ascomycota (0.5%–75.0%) in rivers and unclassified_k_Fungi (3.0%–87.0%) in lakes. The structures of bacterial and fungal communities differed between rivers and lakes (bacteria: R=0.599, P=0.001; fungi: R=0.435, P=0.001). Altitude (Alt), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), and total nitrogen (TN) were significant factors shaping bacterial community structures, while dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and temperature (Temp) were significant drivers shaping fungal community structures in different aquatic ecosystems. The stability of bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly between habitats. Specifically, bacterial communities were more stable in rivers than in lakes, while fungal communities were more stable in lakes than in rivers. [Conclusion] The bacterial and fungal communities varied between rivers and lakes in the Qaidam Basin, demonstrating spatial heterogeneity. This study can provide data support for the in-depth study of the differences and connections of the microbial community characteristics between rivers and lakes in the Qaidam Basin. Moreover, it lays a theoretical foundation for the protection and management of water resources in this region.

river and lake  /  bacteria and fungi  /  driving factors  /  co-occurrence network
贾海超, 王丹丹, 黄跃飞, 殷恒芝, 苏子淇, 李伯荣, 高印轩, 夏中帅, 孙继瑶. 柴达木盆地河流与湖泊水体微生物群落结构及共现网络模式差异. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (12) : 4918 -4935 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240401
Haichao JIA, Dandan WANG, Yuefei HUANG, Hengzhi YIN, Ziqi SU, Borong LI, Yinxuan GAO, Zhongshuai XIA, Jiyao SUN. Differences of microbial community structures and co-occurrence networks in rivers and lakes in the Qaidam Basin[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (12) : 4918 -4935 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240401
柴达木盆地被誉为“祖国的聚宝盆”,区域内富集了各类的矿产资源,同时也是我国西北地区重要的生态保护屏障。柴达木盆地自然发育着众多生境各异(如:盐度差异显著、海拔跨度大等)的湖泊与河流,是世界上盐湖分布最集中的区域之一。微生物是河流与湖泊生态系统中重要的有机组分,能够参与介导湖泊生态系统中的物质转化和能量流动。柴达木盆地湖泊水源主要为高山融雪汇成河流注入,少部分为自然降水和地下泉眼,因此该区域河流与湖泊存在着密切的联系,具体表现在河流中各类营养物质会在其尾闾湖中富集,因此河流微生物菌群结构与湖泊存在一定的相似性,但河流与湖泊两种生态系统中微生物也有其独特的分布特征。研究发现湖泊生态系统中微生物群落结构在水平方向相对均匀,而在垂直方向存在明显差异;河流生态系统一般流域广泛且受沿程人类活动和不同环境因素的影响,在水平方向上存在较大差异[1-4]。另外,河流与湖泊的微生物群落对水环境变化较为敏感,表现在不同水体环境条件下微生物群落结构不同,如高盐湖泊以耐盐类群和嗜盐类群[如盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、盐芽孢杆菌属(Halobacillus)]为主[5-6]。目前对于柴达木盆地湖泊或河流水体细菌和真菌群落特征的研究已较为丰富[7-10],而这些研究多集中在单一的湖泊或河流。因此,综合对比研究柴达木盆地河流和湖泊水体细菌和真菌群落结构特征,以期掌握柴达木盆地河流和湖泊水体细菌和真菌群落多样性和结构及其差异性,为柴达木盆地河流和湖泊水质安全提供参考,为深入挖掘柴达木盆地河流和湖泊水体微生物菌群功能奠定数据基础。
基于相关关系的微生物共现网络能够反映微生物菌群的稳定性,先前已有众多研究关注了河流和湖泊生境中微生物菌群的共现网络[11-13]。如Chen等研究金沙江细菌和真菌群落的生物地理模式和网络模式发现,与细菌相比,真菌群落受到更强烈的扩散限制影响和更少的网络连通性[14]。2023年,王丹丹等对柴达木盆地湖泊的水体和沉积物贡献网络模式研究发现,沉积物的细菌空间周转率明显小于水体[9]。Zhao等使用共现网络分析对青藏高原部分湖泊的细菌和真菌群落生物地理格局进行研究发现,细菌群落比真菌群落具有更高的复杂性和稳定性[15]。目前,对于湖泊生境的微生物共现网络的稳定性和互作关系等研究已较为成熟,但对于柴达木盆地河流与湖泊的微生物共现网络的对比分析仍然不足。
基于此,本研究选取柴达木盆地典型河湖(4个湖泊和6条河流)为研究对象,基于高通量测序技术,解析部分河流与湖泊的细菌和真菌群落的多样性、群落结构及其变化的驱动因素,同时构建细菌和真菌的生态网络结构,研究河流与湖泊的细菌和真菌群落的共现网络模式。本文相关结果,一方面可为柴达木盆地河湖生态系统微生物数据的挖掘提供基础,另一方面为柴达木盆地河湖生态系统水资源管理和应用提供一定的决策支撑,进而可更有针对性地进行生态保护。
2023年7月,选取柴达木盆地东北部的尕海湖(GHL)、小柴旦湖(XCDL)、托素湖(TSL)、可鲁克湖(KLKL)和鱼卡河(YKR)、巴音河(BYR)、格尔木河(GEMR)、连通河(K_TR)、塔塔棱河(TTLR)和香日德河(XRDR)进行水样采集。以上样点湖泊包括淡水湖(KLKL)和咸水湖,河流包括入湖河流和非入湖河流,其中BYR为KLKL的入湖河、K_TR为TSL的入湖河、TTLR为XCDL的入湖河。采样点信息详见附表1(所有附表和附图的数据已提交国家微生物科学数据中心,编号:NMDCX0001714)。使用便携式采样器在每个采样点水下约0.5 m处采集水体样本7 L置于无菌处理的窄口玻璃瓶内,其中5 L用于水体抽真空过滤(孔隙直径0.22 μm的无菌滤纸膜),剩余水样用于水体营养盐浓度检测。所有水体样本采集后及时放置在−4 ℃条件下避光保存以待进一步分析。
使用多参数便携式水质仪(Xylem Inc.公司)在每个样点连续3次监测样点的温度(Temperature, Temp)、溶解氧(dissolved oxygen, DO)、电导率(electrical conductivity, EC)、pH,氧化还原电位(oxidation-reduction potential, ORP)、盐度(salinity, SAL)和总溶解性固体(total dissolved solids, TDS),并将3次测量结果取均值作为最终该样点的理化因子数据。同时,在采样点使用便携式GPS仪确定采样点的经度(longitude, Lon)、纬度(latitude, Lat)和海拔(altitude, Alt)。另外,在实验室进行水体的总氮(total nitrogen, TN)、总磷(total phosphorus, TP)、叶绿素a (chlorophyll a, Chl-a)、氨氮(ammonia nitrogen, NH4+-N)、硝氮(nitrate nitrogen, NO3-N)的检测。其中TN、TP依据国家检测标准[16]检测、NH4+-N的检测依据HJ 535—2009标准[17]、NO3-N的检测依据SL 84—1994标准[18]、Chl-a的检测依据SL 88—2012标准[19]
将抽滤后的滤纸膜使用FastDNA® Spin Kit for Soil试剂盒(MP Biomedicals LLC公司)进行微生物总DNA的提取,具体提取过程参见相关操作说明。总DNA提取后使用通用引物515F (5′-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGG-3′)和806R (5′-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′)对细菌16S rRNA基因的V4区进行PCR扩增,使用ITS1F (5′-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3′)和ITS2R (5′-GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC-3′)对真菌ITS区进行PCR扩增。细菌PCR反应体系:5×FastPfu缓冲液4 μL,dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L) 2 μL,上、下游引物(5 μmol/L)各0.8 μL,TransStart FastPfu DNA聚合酶(2×) 0.4 μL,模板DNA 10 ng,补加ddH2O至20 μL。真菌PCR反应体系(20 μL):10×FastPfu缓冲液2 μL,dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L) 2 μL,上、下游引物(5 μmol/L)各0.8 μL,rTaq DNA聚合酶(2.5 μmol/L) 0.2 μL,模板DNA 10 ng,补加ddH2O至20 μL。细菌和真菌扩增程序:95 ℃预变性3 min;95 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,共27个循环;随后72 ℃稳定延伸10 min,最后在10 ℃进行保存。每个样本均3次重复并用2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR产物,并进行纯化、定量和均一化后送样进行高通量测序。
使用Illumina公司的MiSeq PE250平台进行高通量测序(上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司)。将原始下机数据按如下流程处理:(1) 使用Fastp (v0.19.6)软件对双端原始测序序列进行质控(位点截取、长度过滤、错配体和嵌合体去除);(2) 使用FLASH (v1.2.11)软件进行拼接得到原始序列数据;(3) 使用UPARSE软件(v7.1),根据97%的相似度对质控拼接后的序列进行操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)的聚类;(4) 利用RDP classifier (v2.11)对细菌Silva 16S rRNA基因数据库(v138)和Unite真菌数据库,进行OTU物种分类学注释。相关原始测序数据已经上传到NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov),序列登记编号PRJNA1107365和PRJNA1107378。
使用“vegan”和“picante”软件包计算河流与湖泊水体细菌和真菌的α多样性指数(Chao1丰度指数、Shannon多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、PD系统发育性指数),并使用非参数Wilcoxon检验分析河流与湖泊水体细菌和真菌群落的α多样性指数的差异性[20]。另外,计算环境因子与河流和湖泊的细菌和真菌α多样性指数的Spearman相关关系,确定不同水体细菌和真菌群落α多样性指数的影响因子。基于微生物群落Bray-Curtis距离使用主坐标分析(principal co-ordinates analysis, PCoA)并结合相似性分析(analysis of similarities, ANOSIM)研究河流与湖泊水体细菌和真菌群落结构的差异性,R值越大,组间差异程度越高[21]。剔除方差膨胀因子(variance inflation factor, VIF)大于10的环境因子,基于去趋势对应分析(detrended correspondence analysis, DCA)值的大小(细菌DCA1=5.87,真菌DCA1=9.70,DCA1≥3.50),选取典范对应分析(canonical correlation analysis, CCA),再利用“vegan”软件包进行探究环境因子对河流与湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落结构的影响大小[22]。最后构建河流与湖泊的水体细菌和真菌群落的共现网络,具体如下:首先挑选出在超过一半数目样品(河流7个、湖泊8个)中出现,并且其相对丰度大于0.01的OTUs,进一步选择Spearman相关系数绝对值大于0.8同时显著性P < 0.01的OTUs用于群落共现网络构建[9, 22]。随后用Gephi (v0.10.1)交互软件进行微生物共现网络的可视化及分析[23]
河流与湖泊的Temp无显著差别,其中KLKL2的Temp最高(31.43 ℃),其入湖河流BYR_S的Temp最低(12.95 ℃)。除KLKL (淡水湖)外的湖泊盐度均远大于河流,所有湖泊水体的EC、TDS、ORP均远大于除K_TR1以外的河流。另外,河流中的K_TR1的TDS、SAL、ORP值最高且与其尾闾湖TSL相接近。同时,河流与湖泊的pH无明显差异,但均呈碱性。然而,XCDL的叶绿素(Chl-a)含量最低(0.11 mg/L),BYR的硝氮(NO3-N)水平最高(均值1.10 mg/L),同时河流水体的溶解氧均值(DO)略高于湖泊,河流与湖泊的氨氮(NH4+-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)无明显差异,见附表1。
采样水体样本的细菌和真菌共检测出的OTUs数目分别为20 217和7 996。进一步计算并分析不同水体细菌和真菌群落的α多样性指数(Chao1丰度指数、Shannon多样性指数、PD系统发育指数、Pielou均匀度指数)及其与环境因子的Spearman相关性见附表2、图1所示。由图1可知河流与湖泊的细菌群落各α多样性指数差异显著。除河流的真菌群落Pielou均匀度指数与湖泊真菌无显著差异外,河流水体的细菌和真菌群落各α多样性指数均显著高于湖泊(Wilcoxon,P < 0.01),原因之一是大部分河流的溶解氧的含量高于湖泊,更利于微生物的生存。同时,值得注意的是XRDR的细菌和真菌群落的各α多样性指数均值均最高,可能是由于XRDR富含大量可吸附微生物的泥沙导致[24]。环境因子与河流和湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落的α多样性指数的相关关系表明,河流细菌群落的α多样性指数均与NH4+-N呈显著正相关关系,表明NH4+-N对细菌多样性有促进作用。同时,河流细菌群落的α多样性指数也与Lon呈正相关关系,但随着pH的增加而减少。然而,Lat和DO与河流细菌群落的各α多样性指数均呈显著负相关关系(图2A)。河流真菌的Chao1丰度指数、Shannon多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数与NH4+-N呈显著正相关关系,而PD系统发育度指数与其呈显著负相关关系(图2B)。湖泊细菌的各α多样性指数均与ORP、EC、TDS、SAL和Alt呈显著正相关关系,但与DO呈显著负相关关系。同时Shannon多样性指数和PD系统发育度指数均与NH4+-N、Temp、Lat、和pH呈显著负相关关系(图2C)。湖泊真菌的Chao1丰度指数和PD系统发育度指数与NO3-N和TN呈显著负相关关系,与Temp和NH4+-N呈显著正相关关系,Shannon多样性指数随NO3-N、TN和DO的增加而减少,Pielou均匀度指数随NH4+-N的增加而减少(图2D)。
在门分类水平上分别绘制不同水体细菌和真菌物种丰度堆积图(图3),其前5优势物种丰度占比如表14所示。
河流与湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落在属水平上的优势物种见附图1。
基于Bray-Curtis距离,使用PCoA解析河流及湖泊的细菌和真菌群落结构差异,结果如图4所示。由图4A可知,PCoA1和PCoA2对河流与湖泊水体的细菌群落差异的解释率分别为31.32%和16.85%。来自同一水体的细菌群落基本聚集在一起,而不同水体的细菌群落出现明显的分离,这表明河流与湖泊水体的细菌群落结构存在显著差异(ANOSIM:R=0.599,P=0.001)。然而KLKL与其他湖泊水体细菌群落出现明显分离,K_TR1与TSL的细菌群落明显聚集而与KLKL明显分离,研究表明盐度是水体微生物群落结构的显著驱动因素,因此盐度的差异(均值:KLKL=0.97 g/L、K_TR=15.44 g/L、TSL=17.60 g/L、其余湖泊水体盐度 > 15.00 g/L)可能是以上样点细菌群落结构差异的主要因素[6, 25]。同时,可以发现BYR_Z和BYR_ZX与KLKL细菌群落出现较明显的聚集,表现出较高的群落结构相似性,原因可能是BYR为KLKL的入湖河流。由图4B可知,前两轴对河流与湖泊水体的真菌群落结构变化的解释率为15.14%和10.18%。与不同水体的细菌群落结构情况相似,来自同一水体样本的真菌群落基本聚集在一起,不同水体样本的真菌群落出现明显的分离,ANOSIM也表明河流与湖泊水体的真菌群落结构显著不同(ANOSIM:R=0.435,P=0.001)。研究表明Chl-a的含量通常被用于表征水中藻类生物量,评价水体营养状态[26-27],可发现XCDL与其他湖泊水体真菌群落出现明显的分离,原因可能是XCDL的Chl-a的含量明显低于其他3个湖泊(均值:XCDL=0.11 μg/L、GHL=1.62 μg/L、KLKL= 1.21 μg/L、TSL=0.36 μg/L)。另外,XCDL与其入湖河流TTLR的真菌群落也出现明显的分离,原因可能是盐胁迫影响真菌的代谢过程、种间相互作用和食物网结构等进而导致真菌群落结构差异较大(均值:XCDL=36.95 g/L、TTLR=0.63 g/L)[28-29]。同样K_TR1为连接KLKL与TSL的河流样点,因而其水体真菌群落结构与KLKL和TSL的群落结构存在较高相似性,表现出K_TR1与KLKL和TSL的真菌群落聚集[30]
使用方差膨胀因子(VIF)分析剔除掉VIF大于10的环境因子(SAL和TDS)。依据DCA分析结果(细菌DCA1=5.87,真菌DCA1=9.70,DCA1≥3.50),选取CCA解析细菌和真菌群落在不同水体环境中变化的驱动因子,CCA1和CCA2分别解释了河流与湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落结构变化的21.62%和13.30%。对河流和湖泊水体细菌群落结构变化的显著驱动因素影响大小为EC > ORP > Alt > Chl-a > TP > TN > NH4+-N (R2=0.73、0.68、0.49、0.35、0.28、0.23、0.22,P < 0.05) (图5A)。影响不同水体的真菌群落结构的显著因素排序为ORP > DO > EC > Temp > TP > NH4+-N > pH (R2=0.69、0.58、0.57、0.34、0.31、0.28、0.25,P < 0.05) (图5B)。
基于OTUs之间的相关关系,对河流与湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落共现网络进行构建和解析,结果如图6所示。河流水体细菌的共现网络由139个节点和440条边组成,湖泊水体的细菌共现网络由82个节点和324条边组成;河流水体真菌的共现网络由23个节点和14条边组成,湖泊水体的真菌共现网络由9个节点和21条边组成(表5),表明柴达木盆地河流细菌群落比湖泊具有更复杂的相互作用关系和网络结构,而湖泊真菌群落比河流的网络关系和网络结构更复杂。另外,河流的细菌和真菌群落共现网络的模块化程度分别为0.56和0.88,湖泊的细菌和真菌共现网络的模块化程度分别为0.54和0.19,表明柴达木盆地河流的细菌和真菌群落与湖泊的细菌群落共现网络模块化程度均较高(模块化指数大于0.40),且河流水体的细菌和真菌群落的网络模块化均高于湖泊,而湖泊真菌群落共现网络的模块化程度很低,表明河流水体的细菌和真菌群落的共现网络的模块内连接更复杂,而湖泊水体细菌和真菌群落的共现网络模块间的连接更复杂。值得注意的是河流与湖泊水体的真菌共现网络均较简单,原因可能是柴达木盆地干旱少雨的气候不利于真菌菌株生长。另外,河流与湖泊的细菌群落网络关系显示群落内部正相关关系明显大于负相关关系,而河流与湖泊的真菌群落网络关系均为正相关关系。此外,河流与湖泊的细菌群落聚类系数为0.47和0.55,节点平均度分别为6.33和7.93,而河流与湖泊的真菌群落聚类系数为0.60和0.72,节点平均度分别为1.22和4.67,表明在环境干扰的情况下河流的细菌和真菌群落的稳定性均小于湖泊[14]
本研究中共采集河湖水体共28个样本,对不同水体的细菌和真菌群落的多样性、群落结构、驱动因素和共现网络进行解析,结果表明河流与湖泊的微生物群落结构特征存在较为明显的差异。
河流细菌和真菌Chao1丰度指数和Shannon多样性指数均显著高于湖泊,这说明柴达木盆地河流水体的细菌和真菌物种比湖泊更为丰富,群落结构更复杂。这与王博雯等所得出的开都河细菌群落α多样性指数远高于博斯腾湖结果一致[31]。其原因可能是流动的河水会收纳沿程各类环境中的微生物,致使河流水体的微生物多样性和丰度都显著高于湖泊水体[32]。然而,这与Zhang等得出的巢湖入湖河流细菌群落的α多样性指数低于巢湖的结果相反,原因一方面是入湖河携带的微生物在巢湖中富集,另一方面是巢湖流域位于人群密集地区,人类产生的有机物、无机盐等对巢湖的微生物群落结构产生影响[12, 30, 33-34]。本研究中的XCDL和KLKL的α多样性指数略低于其入湖河流(TTLR和BYR) (附图2),原因可能是XCDL和KLKL的盐度(均值:36.95 g/L和0.97 g/L)高于TTLR和BYR (均值:0.63 g/L、0.37 g/L),较高的盐度增加了微生物细胞外渗透压,使细胞活性降低,从而导致微生物多样性降低[35]
本研究中不同水体细菌的优势门均为Proteobacteria,这是由于Proteobacteria在自然生境中占据更宽的生态位,这与众多前人对不同河流及湖泊的群落组成的研究结果一致[10, 36-39]。然而,不同样点的优势物种又存在一定差别,例如在BYR_Z、BYR_ZX的Firmicutes含量却远高于Proteobacteria,其原因是这2个点位于城市之内,居民生活所产生的NO3-N (BYR均值:1.10 mg/L,含量远大于其他样点)有益于Firmicutes的生长以及上游动物产生含有大量Firmicutes的粪便排入河中导致[40]。另外,采样期间正处于BYR上游河床施工期,河水中混入大量泥沙也是Firmicutes增加的主要原因[41]。同时也可注意到KLKL2和KLKL3的Firmicutes丰度较高,原因之一是BYR携带的Firmicutes在KLKL出现了富集的现象,另外这与两地湖边栖息大量鸟类和周边牧民羊群留下的粪便有关[9, 12, 30]
研究表明Bacteroidetes和水体富营养化密切相关,而本研究中采样河流与湖泊的Bacteroidetes占比很低(总体均值10.7%),说明柴达木盆地的水生生态系统未出现富营养化现象[42]。同时,水体盐度的升高可增加Actinobacteria的相对丰度,并减少Proteobacteria的相对丰度,因此这也是XCDL (均值:36.95 g/L) Actinobacteria的相对丰度较高的原因[43]。不同水体的真菌群落优势物种除unclassified_k_Fungi外,主要为Ascomycota。研究结果表示,Ascomycota多作为土壤或沉积物中的腐生菌,对降解复杂有机质起着关键作用,因此本研究中含大量泥土的XRDR中Ascomycota的丰度较高[44-45]。同时有多项研究表明,较高营养化水平的环境会引起Ascomycota的丰度增加,因此这也是本研究中NH4+-N含量最高的KLKL3 (0.14 mg/L)、TN含量较高的GHL (均值3.09 mg/L)和TSL1 (1.92 mg/L)中Ascomycota丰度较大的原因[14, 46-47]。同时有研究表明,大多数Basidiomycota是腐生菌,对环境胁迫的反应相对稳定且能够抵抗环境压力,在维持湖泊生态系统稳定方面发挥着重要作用。本研究中Basidiomycota在河流和湖泊水体中丰度总占比为11.8%,表明柴达木盆地的河流与湖泊的生态系统稳定性较好。值得注意的是,在流经德令哈市的BYR_Z和BYR_ZX的样点发现,其Basidiomycota的占比(BYR-Z:69%、BYR-ZX:43%)远高于其他菌门,表明德令哈市内BYR的水生态在人类活动的干扰下仍具有较强的稳定性。
柴达木盆地的不同河湖的细菌和真菌群落结构受Alt影响显著,且Alt与不同河流和湖泊的Chl-a呈正相关关系,与河流的TN和NO3-N呈负相关关系,而与湖泊的ORP、EC、TDS、SAL呈负相关关系(图2)。因此可推测Alt是对柴达木盆地不同河流和湖泊中的营养因子水平产生影响进而导致不同水体的细菌和真菌群落的结构不同[9]
不同水体的细菌和真菌群落的α多样性指数与环境因子的相关关系区别很大,其中值得注意的是河流细菌Shannon多样性指数与NH4+-N呈正相关,而湖泊细菌Shannon多样性指数与NH4+-N呈负相关关系。原因可能如下:(1) 河流细菌群落的NH4+-N与DO呈显著负相关关系,而湖泊细菌群落的NH4+-N与DO呈显著正相关关系,因此可认为是河流与湖泊不同程度的DO (河流均值:7.45 mg/L、湖泊均值:7.25 mg/L)对氮转化起作用的菌群种类引起相反变化,进而导致以上现象[48];(2) 另外河流细菌群落的NH4+-N与SAL呈显著正相关关系,而湖泊细菌群落的NH4+-N与SAL呈显著负相关关系,因此可认为不同水体细菌群落受盐度(SAL均值:河流:0.45 g/L、湖泊:29.00 g/L)影响强烈,导致不同水体的氮转化细菌多样性存在差异[49]。另外,研究发现河流与湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落的α多样性指数与DO均呈负相关关系,表明以上河流与湖泊中厌氧菌群占多数[48]
河流与湖泊的具体生境不同,导致两者的细菌和真菌群落的共现网络存在较大差别,这与前人研究结果一致[11-12, 14]。本研究中河流比湖泊的细菌群落具有更复杂的网络关系,但湖泊的真菌共现网络关系比河流更复杂。这表明河流细菌和湖泊真菌群落的物种间互作关系更复杂,且可能具有更高程度的功能冗余以及更高的生态位宽度[50-51]。研究发现网络中不同模块的节点可能执行不同的功能,如参与生境中碳循环、氮循环及降解有毒化合物等,同时也具有独立功能的生态位[12, 52-53]。本研究中采样河流的细菌和真菌与湖泊的细菌群落均具有高度的模块化结构,但河流真菌群落的共现网络模块化程度远高于湖泊,表明不同水体的环境异质性,也表明河流的真菌群落比湖泊具有更复杂的功能[51]。另外,正相关关系代表群落间的共生或寄生关系,负相关关系代表群落间的捕食或竞争关系[35, 54]。本研究中河流与湖泊的真菌物种间均为正相关关系(100%),说明河流与湖泊的真菌群落物种间共生和寄生关系较多,同时也说明河流与湖泊的真菌群落稳定性较差[55]。另外,与河流和湖泊的真菌群落相比,细菌群落更高的负相关关系比例(河流:8.70%、湖泊:28.30%)表明细菌群落间更强的竞争关系,同时表明河流与湖泊的细菌比真菌群落具有更高的稳定性,可承受更强烈的环境变化[56]。同时,值得注意的是,河流与湖泊细菌群落共现网络复杂程度远高于真菌,原因可能是细菌的OTUs (20 217)远高于真菌OTUs (7 996)。
本文选取柴达木盆地典型河湖为研究对象,分析柴达木盆地河流及湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落多样性、群落结构、环境驱动因子和共现网络模式的差异性,并讨论了差异形成的原因。取得结论如下:(1) 河流水体细菌和真菌群落的α多样性指数及其影响因素与湖泊存在显著差异;(2) 河流与湖泊不同样点的细菌优势菌门相同,真菌优势菌门不同且占比不同,表明不同样点的细菌和真菌群落存在一定的空间异质性;(3) 河流与湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落结构差异显著,但个别湖泊及其入湖河流的相近样点微生物群落结构相似;(4) 河流与湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落的显著环境驱动因素不完全一致,其中EC、ORP、NH4+-N和TP是同时驱动河流和湖泊水体微生物群落结构的变化;(5) 河流及湖泊水体的细菌和真菌群落共现网络均具有高度的模块化结构,且河流细菌群落比湖泊细菌更稳定,而湖泊的真菌群落比河流真菌群落更稳定。本研究可为深入理解柴达木盆地河湖水体微生物群落特征的联系和差异提供一定见解,并为柴达木盆地湖泊水资源保护和管理提供基础。
  • 青海省自然科学基金(2024-ZJ-955)
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2024年第64卷第12期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240401
  • 接收时间:2024-07-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-09-26
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-01
  • 录用日期:2024-09-23
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2024-ZJ-955)
青海省自然科学基金(2024-ZJ-955)
作者信息
    1 青海大学 土木水利学院, 青海 西宁 810016
    2 青海大学, 黄河上游生态保护与高质量发展实验室, 青海 西宁 810016
    3 青海大学, 水利部江河源区水生态治理与保护重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810016

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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