Article(id=1242119554604794450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242119544966283483, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240366, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1718294400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1724256000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-08-22, onlineDate=1774073979282, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1724342400000, pubDateStr=2024-08-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774073979282, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774073979282, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774073979282, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242119544966283483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='11', pageStart='4011', pageEnd='4465', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774073976985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774074072279, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242119944725397854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242119544966283483, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242119944725397855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242119544966283483, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4455, endPage=4465, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242119555049390719, articleId=1242119554604794450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Transmission ways and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in Riemerella anatipestifer, columnId=1226236834313847103, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Data Paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is a Gram-negative bacterium that mainly infects domesticated birds such as ducks and geese. The clinical isolates of RA are multi-drug resistant and increasing year by year. However, the transmission ways of antibiotic resistance genes in RA have not been identified. This study aims to identify the transmission ways and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the clinical isolates of RA. [Methods] The drug resistance phenotypes of the reference strain RA ATCC 11845 and the clinical isolates RA CH-1 and RA CH-2 to 28 antibiotics belonging to 10 categories were determined. The antibiotic resistance genes were identified by genome analysis and construction of gene deletion strains. The transmission ways of antibiotic resistance genes were identified by natural transformation. The distribution of these resistance genes in different clinical isolates was detected by PCR. [Results] RA CH-1 and RA CH-2 were resistant to β-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, and amide alcohols, while RA ATCC 11845 was sensitive to the above antibiotics. The resistant strains became sensitive to the corresponding antibiotics after the deletion of 13 resistance genes, respectively, indicating that these genes were involved in antibiotic resistance. All the resistant genes can be transferred to the sensitive strain RA ATCC 11845 by natural transformation. The detection rates of resistance genes in 100 clinical isolates from 2017 to 2023 varied within the range of 3% to 89%. [Conclusion] Antibiotic resistance genes can be transmitted in RA through natural transformation, and different antibiotic resistance genes presented varied distribution in clinical isolates, among which tetX (B739_0030) and blaOXA (G148_1768) were carried by the most and fewest strains, respectively.

, correspAuthors=Anchun CHENG, Mafeng LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: CHENG Anchun,
E-mail: LIU Mafeng,
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuhao YANG, Yizhou YAO, Dekang ZHU, Xiangde ZHANG, Anchun CHENG, Mafeng LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1242119556093772520, articleId=1242119554604794450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=鸭疫里默氏杆菌耐药基因传播方式的鉴定及分布, columnId=1226236834993324389, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=数据论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer, RA)是一种感染鸭、鹅等禽类的革兰氏阴性病原菌。该菌的临床分离株具有多重耐药性,且其耐药性呈现逐年增加的趋势,但关于这些耐药基因在该菌的传播方式尚未被明确鉴定。本研究旨在鉴定耐药基因在鸭疫里默氏杆菌的传播方式,以及这些耐药基因在该菌临床分离株中的分布情况。【方法】测定参考菌株RA ATCC 11845、临床分离株RA CH-1、RA CH-2对10类28种药物的耐药表型;通过基因组分析和基因缺失株的构建鉴定耐药基因;自然转化实验鉴定其耐药基因传播方式;通过PCR检测这些耐药基因在不同临床菌株的分布情况。【结果】耐药检测结果表明,鸭疫里默氏杆菌RA CH-1株、RA CH-2株对β-内酰胺类、四环素类、大环内酯类、林可胺类及酰胺醇类等药物均具有耐药性,而RA ATCC 11845株对以上药物敏感;13个耐药基因分别缺失后对相关药物变得敏感,表明其参与耐药;以上耐药基因均可通过自然转化方式转移至敏感菌株RA ATCC 11845;相关耐药基因在2017-2023年分离的100株临床株的检出率最低为3%,最高为89%。【结论】耐药基因在鸭疫里默氏杆菌可通过自然转化的形式进行传播,不同耐药基因在该菌临床分离株中的分布不同,其中tet(X) (B739_0030)耐药基因携带率最高,blaOXA (G148_1768)耐药基因携带率最低。

, correspAuthors=程安春, 刘马峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=+CqX1tPxBCXTRg9otqM3+Q==, magXml=3WRgef2/AeAoZ5PCMCzsgQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=WVzRx1uHOi5wahOw8wWgMg==, pdfFileSize=587742, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=fOrp3/HRvrUNMT/MQ7aTxg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=hjgsDG8Q3UxhnUh8DKVvWA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#These authors contributed equally to this work.

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3 Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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DB, GUO YP.Epidemiological investigation of infectious serositis in ducks[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,1999,35(12):25 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Epidemiological investigation of infectious serositis in ducks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243291012966232163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554604794450, doi=10.1016/j.psj.2022.102405, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=102, issue=3, pageStart=102405, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=Poultry Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU XH, LI YL, WANG ZW, PANG ZY, SI ZS, LIU C, LU JB, CAO SL, PEI LY, LI YB.Antibiotic resistance of Riemerella anatipestifer and comparative analysis of antibiotic-resistance gene detection methods[J].Poultry Science,2023,102(3):102405., articleTitle=Antibiotic resistance of Riemerella anatipestifer and comparative analysis of antibiotic-resistance gene detection methods, 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Lane M: DNA marker; Lane 1, 2: Up-spc fragments were amplified from RA CH-1ΔB739_0030: : spc; Lane 3, 4: Up-spc fragments were amplified from positive control and RA CH-1, respectively; Lane 5, 6: Spc-down fragments were amplified from RA CH-1ΔB739_0030: : spc; Lane 7, 8: Spc-down fragments were amplified from positive control and RA CH-1, respectively., figureFileSmall=z6B75UdwmuyuUOxb6tThQg==, figureFileBig=qSDehtt3HEaf5PAfh59a1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291006129517241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554604794450, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PCR鉴定B739_0030基因缺失株凝胶电泳图, figureFileSmall=z6B75UdwmuyuUOxb6tThQg==, figureFileBig=qSDehtt3HEaf5PAfh59a1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291006305678019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554604794450, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The identification of transformant carrying resistance genes (B739_0030, G148_1767, B739_0033, G148_1771) using PCR. A: PCR identification of transformant carrying B739_0030 resistance gene. Lane M: DNA marker; Lane 1−5: B739_0030 fragments were amplified from transformants; +: Positive control; −: Negative control. B: PCR identification of transformant carrying G148_1767 resistance gene. Lane M: DNA marker; Lane 1−6: G148_1767 fragments were amplified from transformants; +: Positive control; −: Negative control. C: PCR identification of transformant carrying B739_0033 resistance gene. Lane M: DNA marker; Lane 1−6: B739_0033 fragments were amplified from transformants; +: Positive control; −: Negative control. D: PCR identification of transformant carrying G148_1771 resistance gene. Lane M: DNA marker; Lane 1−6: G148_1771 fragments were amplified from transformants; +: Positive control; −: Negative control., figureFileSmall=+10tjW7ROKsyRdCWFS6c8Q==, figureFileBig=oBXDF90n4U+DdGei4RLCLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291006423118545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554604794450, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PCR鉴定B739_0030G148_1767B739_0033G148_1771抗性基因转化子凝胶电泳图, figureFileSmall=+10tjW7ROKsyRdCWFS6c8Q==, figureFileBig=oBXDF90n4U+DdGei4RLCLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291006507004632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554604794450, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
B739_0030 up p1CGCGGATCCTGTGCTTAACCGAAAATTTGG
B739_0030 up p2CATGCCATGGTTGTTTGTCTGTATCTATTCG
B739_0030 down p1AAAACTGCAGAATGGAATAAAACGGCACATAAC
B739_0030 down p2ACATGCATGCTAACCTTGATACGAAGCCGAAAG
G148_1774 up p1GCTGTTTTTATGTATGGTTCATTTACTAAAAGCGAAG
G148_1774 up p2GCTTCGGGGTCATTATATTGCATTAATAGTTCAC
G148_1774 cfx p1GTGAACTATTAATGCAATATAATGACCCCGAAGC
G148_1774 cfx p2GTTAGCTGACGTTTTTATTCTTAAGATTTTACTGAAGTTTG
G148_1774 down p1CAAACTTCAGTAAAATCTTAAGAATAAAAACGTCAGCTAAC
G148_1774 down p2GGGATTTTTAGCACTGAACTTTAATCGAAGAACAG
B739_0033 p1ATGACAAAAAAGAAATTGCCC
B739_0033 p2CTACGAAGGATGAAATTTTTC
B739_0033 up p1CGCGGATCCCTTATAATGCCAAATTTTGTC
B739_0033 up p2CATGCCATGGTAGTAACTTCTTACAGGTGAATAC
B739_0033 down p1AAAACTGCAGTTCAAAGTCGGGTGGTTGTCAAG
B739_0033 down p2ACATGCATGCCGTTGTACGACATAGTAAAACCG
G148_1767 up p1CGCGGATCCTGTAATTTTTATTACCTTTGTG
G148_1767 up p2CATGCCATGGTCAAAAATGGCACATAACGGTC
G148_1767 down p1AAAACTGCAGAATGGAATAAAACGGCACATAAC
G148_1767 down p2ACATGCATGCCGCCTTTTGCAAATACTATGTTG
G148_1771 up p1CGCGGATCCATTTCTTATTTCTCATCAAG
G148_1771 up p2CATGCCATGGTATTACCTTATTTTAAATTAAAAATTAAC
G148_1771 down p1ACGCGTCGACGAATAATGTAAATTTGATTTCG
G148_1771 down p2ACATGCATGCCGCGGCATTATGTGTAATTTTAG
B739_0031 up p1CGCGGATCCGCGGGCATTGTGAAAGATACC
B739_0031 up p2CATGCCATGGTTTAGTATGTTTTTTTCTATTTC
B739_0031 down p1ACGCGTCGACAAAGACGAACGCACAACAAGG
B739_0031 down p2ACATGCATGCCTCTTCAATGCTGTTAAATTTC
B739_0035 up p1CATGCCATGGGAAATATTTCGTATATTTGCG
B739_0035 up p2CGGGGTACCTTGTTTGTCTGTATCTATTCG
B739_0035 down p1CTAGTCTAGAAATGGAATAAAACGGCACATAAC
B739_0035 down p2ACATGCATGCTGTCGTCTTTTAAGCTGCCGC
G148_1768 up p1CGCGGATCCCAAAGCACGACTGCCAATAAC
G148_1768 up p2CATGCCATGGAGGTAATAAAAATTACATTATATC
G148_1768 down p1ACGCGTCGACAAAGACGAACGCACAACAAGG
G148_1768 down p2ACATGCATGCCTCTTCAATGCTGTTAAATTTCC
G148_1777 up p1CATGCCATGGGATGTTGTGAAAGAAATTCAAG
G148_1777 up p2CGGGGTACCTCAAAAATGGCACATAACGTTG
G148_1777 down p1CTAGTCTAGAAATGGAATAAAACGGCACATAAC
G148_1777 down p2ACATGCATGCCCATATTCTCAAAAATAGCAAC
G148_1775 up p1CGCGGATCCGATGCCTCCTTTTGCAGGACAAG
G148_1775 up p2CATGCCATGGTTGTAACTGCGTCATTTCTTC
G148_1775 down p1ACGCGTCGACCATCGGTTTGGCGAAATGGCGG
G148_1775 down p2ACATGCATGCCTCAAAATAGTTGAATTGAAAAG
G148_1769 up p1CGCGGATCCCTAAATTCAGGTTTTACAATTTC
G148_1769 up p2CATGCCATGGTATGAAACTTGCACCGCTCCC
G148_1769 down p1ACGCGTCGACTAAAAAGAAGGTTCCGAAATTC
G148_1769 down p2ACATGCATGCGGCTTGCTGAAATACATAAAATG
B739_0036 up p1GAGAGGCTTGGAGTTTAGCCATATCGTTTTC
B739_0036 up p2GCTTCGGGGTCATTATAGTATTCATTTTCATGAG
B739_0036 cfx p1CTCATGAAAATGAATACTATAATGACCCCGAAGC
B739_0036 cfx p2GTTAGCTGACGTTTTTATTCTTAAGATTTTACTGAAGTTTG
B739_0036 down p1CAAACTTCAGTAAAATCTTAAGAATAAAAACGTCAGCTAAC
B739_0036 down p2CATCGTTATGGGTAATGGACGCTTACTTTTC
G148_1772 up p1GCTGATGCTATGGAAAGCTTCATTACTGAAAAGG
G148_1772 up p2GCTTCGGGGTCATTATAGATTACCTGCCATTATG
G148_1772 cfx p1CATAATGGCAGGTAATCTATAATGACCCCGAAGC
G148_1772 cfx p2CGGAACCTTCTTTTTATCATTTAAGATTTTACTGAAGTTTG
G148_1772 down p1CAAACTTCAGTAAAATCTTAAATGATAAAAAGAAGGTTCCG
G148_1772 down p2CATCTGCTACGGTTGGTCGAAATTGAACTATTG
B739_0030 p1GAACGTTGCAATAATTGGTGGTGG
B739_0030 p2CAATTGCTGAAACGTAAAGTCGGG
B739_0031 p1GGATATTGTCAAACTAAAAG
B739_0031 p2GCTTCTTTCGTTGAATTCAATCG
B739_0036 p1GTGCTACGGTACATGATAATAACC
B739_0036 p2CTCACCCTTGTTGAATTCTTCCG
G148_1767 p1ATGACAATGCGAATAGATACAGAC
G148_1767 p2TTATACATTTAACAATTGCTG
G148_1768 p1TTGTGTAGTTGGGGGAAGGTTAG
G148_1768 p2GCTTCTTTCGTTGAATTCAATCG
G148_1769 p1ATGGCAGGTAATCAAGGTCATAAA
G148_1769 p2GAACAAAGAATTGGCATTGC
G148_1771 p1ATGAAAAATATAAAACCCTTAAC
G148_1771 p2TCAATCCACTATTTCTGAAAC
G148_1772 p1GAAGAATTGCTGGAAAATACTTG
G148_1772 p2GTCGTTTTAGCAATATCAGC
G148_1775 p1ATGATTAACAAAACAAAATCTATA
G148_1775 p2TTAGCGGTAGTTTTTTCTTATTTC
), ArticleFig(id=1243291006595085027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554604794450, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
B739_0030 up p1CGCGGATCCTGTGCTTAACCGAAAATTTGG
B739_0030 up p2CATGCCATGGTTGTTTGTCTGTATCTATTCG
B739_0030 down p1AAAACTGCAGAATGGAATAAAACGGCACATAAC
B739_0030 down p2ACATGCATGCTAACCTTGATACGAAGCCGAAAG
G148_1774 up p1GCTGTTTTTATGTATGGTTCATTTACTAAAAGCGAAG
G148_1774 up p2GCTTCGGGGTCATTATATTGCATTAATAGTTCAC
G148_1774 cfx p1GTGAACTATTAATGCAATATAATGACCCCGAAGC
G148_1774 cfx p2GTTAGCTGACGTTTTTATTCTTAAGATTTTACTGAAGTTTG
G148_1774 down p1CAAACTTCAGTAAAATCTTAAGAATAAAAACGTCAGCTAAC
G148_1774 down p2GGGATTTTTAGCACTGAACTTTAATCGAAGAACAG
B739_0033 p1ATGACAAAAAAGAAATTGCCC
B739_0033 p2CTACGAAGGATGAAATTTTTC
B739_0033 up p1CGCGGATCCCTTATAATGCCAAATTTTGTC
B739_0033 up p2CATGCCATGGTAGTAACTTCTTACAGGTGAATAC
B739_0033 down p1AAAACTGCAGTTCAAAGTCGGGTGGTTGTCAAG
B739_0033 down p2ACATGCATGCCGTTGTACGACATAGTAAAACCG
G148_1767 up p1CGCGGATCCTGTAATTTTTATTACCTTTGTG
G148_1767 up p2CATGCCATGGTCAAAAATGGCACATAACGGTC
G148_1767 down p1AAAACTGCAGAATGGAATAAAACGGCACATAAC
G148_1767 down p2ACATGCATGCCGCCTTTTGCAAATACTATGTTG
G148_1771 up p1CGCGGATCCATTTCTTATTTCTCATCAAG
G148_1771 up p2CATGCCATGGTATTACCTTATTTTAAATTAAAAATTAAC
G148_1771 down p1ACGCGTCGACGAATAATGTAAATTTGATTTCG
G148_1771 down p2ACATGCATGCCGCGGCATTATGTGTAATTTTAG
B739_0031 up p1CGCGGATCCGCGGGCATTGTGAAAGATACC
B739_0031 up p2CATGCCATGGTTTAGTATGTTTTTTTCTATTTC
B739_0031 down p1ACGCGTCGACAAAGACGAACGCACAACAAGG
B739_0031 down p2ACATGCATGCCTCTTCAATGCTGTTAAATTTC
B739_0035 up p1CATGCCATGGGAAATATTTCGTATATTTGCG
B739_0035 up p2CGGGGTACCTTGTTTGTCTGTATCTATTCG
B739_0035 down p1CTAGTCTAGAAATGGAATAAAACGGCACATAAC
B739_0035 down p2ACATGCATGCTGTCGTCTTTTAAGCTGCCGC
G148_1768 up p1CGCGGATCCCAAAGCACGACTGCCAATAAC
G148_1768 up p2CATGCCATGGAGGTAATAAAAATTACATTATATC
G148_1768 down p1ACGCGTCGACAAAGACGAACGCACAACAAGG
G148_1768 down p2ACATGCATGCCTCTTCAATGCTGTTAAATTTCC
G148_1777 up p1CATGCCATGGGATGTTGTGAAAGAAATTCAAG
G148_1777 up p2CGGGGTACCTCAAAAATGGCACATAACGTTG
G148_1777 down p1CTAGTCTAGAAATGGAATAAAACGGCACATAAC
G148_1777 down p2ACATGCATGCCCATATTCTCAAAAATAGCAAC
G148_1775 up p1CGCGGATCCGATGCCTCCTTTTGCAGGACAAG
G148_1775 up p2CATGCCATGGTTGTAACTGCGTCATTTCTTC
G148_1775 down p1ACGCGTCGACCATCGGTTTGGCGAAATGGCGG
G148_1775 down p2ACATGCATGCCTCAAAATAGTTGAATTGAAAAG
G148_1769 up p1CGCGGATCCCTAAATTCAGGTTTTACAATTTC
G148_1769 up p2CATGCCATGGTATGAAACTTGCACCGCTCCC
G148_1769 down p1ACGCGTCGACTAAAAAGAAGGTTCCGAAATTC
G148_1769 down p2ACATGCATGCGGCTTGCTGAAATACATAAAATG
B739_0036 up p1GAGAGGCTTGGAGTTTAGCCATATCGTTTTC
B739_0036 up p2GCTTCGGGGTCATTATAGTATTCATTTTCATGAG
B739_0036 cfx p1CTCATGAAAATGAATACTATAATGACCCCGAAGC
B739_0036 cfx p2GTTAGCTGACGTTTTTATTCTTAAGATTTTACTGAAGTTTG
B739_0036 down p1CAAACTTCAGTAAAATCTTAAGAATAAAAACGTCAGCTAAC
B739_0036 down p2CATCGTTATGGGTAATGGACGCTTACTTTTC
G148_1772 up p1GCTGATGCTATGGAAAGCTTCATTACTGAAAAGG
G148_1772 up p2GCTTCGGGGTCATTATAGATTACCTGCCATTATG
G148_1772 cfx p1CATAATGGCAGGTAATCTATAATGACCCCGAAGC
G148_1772 cfx p2CGGAACCTTCTTTTTATCATTTAAGATTTTACTGAAGTTTG
G148_1772 down p1CAAACTTCAGTAAAATCTTAAATGATAAAAAGAAGGTTCCG
G148_1772 down p2CATCTGCTACGGTTGGTCGAAATTGAACTATTG
B739_0030 p1GAACGTTGCAATAATTGGTGGTGG
B739_0030 p2CAATTGCTGAAACGTAAAGTCGGG
B739_0031 p1GGATATTGTCAAACTAAAAG
B739_0031 p2GCTTCTTTCGTTGAATTCAATCG
B739_0036 p1GTGCTACGGTACATGATAATAACC
B739_0036 p2CTCACCCTTGTTGAATTCTTCCG
G148_1767 p1ATGACAATGCGAATAGATACAGAC
G148_1767 p2TTATACATTTAACAATTGCTG
G148_1768 p1TTGTGTAGTTGGGGGAAGGTTAG
G148_1768 p2GCTTCTTTCGTTGAATTCAATCG
G148_1769 p1ATGGCAGGTAATCAAGGTCATAAA
G148_1769 p2GAACAAAGAATTGGCATTGC
G148_1771 p1ATGAAAAATATAAAACCCTTAAC
G148_1771 p2TCAATCCACTATTTCTGAAAC
G148_1772 p1GAAGAATTGCTGGAAAATACTTG
G148_1772 p2GTCGTTTTAGCAATATCAGC
G148_1775 p1ATGATTAACAAAACAAAATCTATA
G148_1775 p2TTAGCGGTAGTTTTTTCTTATTTC
), ArticleFig(id=1243291006708331248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554604794450, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The MICs of different antibiotics to Riemerella anatipestifer (μg/mL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素
Antibiotics
RA ATCC 11845RA CH-1RA CH-2
头孢噻呋
Ceftiofur
< 0.250.50.5
氨曲南Aztreonam< 0.25164
头孢西丁Cefoxitin< 0.25< 0.25< 0.25
氨苄青霉素
Ampicillin
< 0.25< 0.251
头孢喹肟
Cefquinome
< 0.25< 0.25< 0.25
苯唑西林Oxacillin< 0.2524
甲氧苄啶
Trimethoprim
< 0.2516> 512
卡那霉素
Kanamycin
646432
庆大霉素
Gentamicin
161616
链霉素
Streptomycin
161632
新霉素Neomycin323216
氟苯尼考Florfenicol114
万古霉素
Vancomycin
326464
甲氧西林Methicillin< 0.2548
氯霉素
Chloramphenicol
2232
多黏菌素Polymyxin> 512512> 512
四环素Tetracycline< 0.25416
强力霉素
Doxycycline
< 0.2518
红霉素Erythromycin< 0.25328
阿奇霉素
Azithromycin
0.52562
螺旋霉素
Spiramycin
1651216
氧氟沙星Ofloxacin< 0.250.54
恩诺沙星
Enrofloxacin
< 0.2518
吡哌酸
Pipemidic acid
2128256
林可霉素
Lincomycin
< 0.25> 512128
克林霉素
Clindamycin
< 0.255121
磺胺甲恶唑
Sulfamethoxazole
16256128
美罗培南
Meropenem
< 0.25< 0.25< 0.25
), ArticleFig(id=1243291006829966076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554604794450, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同抗生素对鸭疫里默氏杆菌的MIC值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素
Antibiotics
RA ATCC 11845RA CH-1RA CH-2
头孢噻呋
Ceftiofur
< 0.250.50.5
氨曲南Aztreonam< 0.25164
头孢西丁Cefoxitin< 0.25< 0.25< 0.25
氨苄青霉素
Ampicillin
< 0.25< 0.251
头孢喹肟
Cefquinome
< 0.25< 0.25< 0.25
苯唑西林Oxacillin< 0.2524
甲氧苄啶
Trimethoprim
< 0.2516> 512
卡那霉素
Kanamycin
646432
庆大霉素
Gentamicin
161616
链霉素
Streptomycin
161632
新霉素Neomycin323216
氟苯尼考Florfenicol114
万古霉素
Vancomycin
326464
甲氧西林Methicillin< 0.2548
氯霉素
Chloramphenicol
2232
多黏菌素Polymyxin> 512512> 512
四环素Tetracycline< 0.25416
强力霉素
Doxycycline
< 0.2518
红霉素Erythromycin< 0.25328
阿奇霉素
Azithromycin
0.52562
螺旋霉素
Spiramycin
1651216
氧氟沙星Ofloxacin< 0.250.54
恩诺沙星
Enrofloxacin
< 0.2518
吡哌酸
Pipemidic acid
2128256
林可霉素
Lincomycin
< 0.25> 512128
克林霉素
Clindamycin
< 0.255121
磺胺甲恶唑
Sulfamethoxazole
16256128
美罗培南
Meropenem
< 0.25< 0.25< 0.25
), ArticleFig(id=1243291006955795208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554604794450, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The MICs of the antibiotics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株
Strains
氨曲南MIC值
The MICs of aztreonam (μg/mL)
四环素MIC值
The MICs of tetracycline (μg/mL)
红霉素MIC值
The MICs of erythromycin (μg/mL)
克林霉MIC值
The MICs of clindamycin (μg/mL)
氯霉素MIC值
The MICs of chloramphenicol (μg/mL)
RA CH-1644325122
RA CH-1ΔB739_0031644325122
RA CH-1ΔB739_0036< 0.254325122
RA CH-1ΔB739_0031ΔB739_0036< 0.254325122
RA CH-1ΔB739_0030644325122
RA CH-1ΔB739_0035644325122
RA CH-1ΔB739_0030ΔB739_003564< 0.25325122
RA CH-1ΔB739_0033644< 0.25< 0.252
RA CH-24168132
RA CH-2ΔG148_17684168132
RA CH-2ΔG148_17741168132
RA CH-2ΔG148_1768ΔG148_17741168132
RA CH-2ΔG148_17674168132
RA CH-2ΔG148_17774168132
RA CH-2ΔG148_1767ΔG148_1777448132
RA CH-2ΔG148_1771416< 0.25132
RA CH-2ΔG148_17754168< 0.2532
RA CH-2ΔG148_17694168116
RA CH-2ΔG148_17724168132
RA CH-2ΔG148_1769ΔG148_1772416812
RA ATCC 11845< 0.25< 0.25< 0.25< 0.252
), ArticleFig(id=1243291007073235728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554604794450, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

抗生素MIC值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株
Strains
氨曲南MIC值
The MICs of aztreonam (μg/mL)
四环素MIC值
The MICs of tetracycline (μg/mL)
红霉素MIC值
The MICs of erythromycin (μg/mL)
克林霉MIC值
The MICs of clindamycin (μg/mL)
氯霉素MIC值
The MICs of chloramphenicol (μg/mL)
RA CH-1644325122
RA CH-1ΔB739_0031644325122
RA CH-1ΔB739_0036< 0.254325122
RA CH-1ΔB739_0031ΔB739_0036< 0.254325122
RA CH-1ΔB739_0030644325122
RA CH-1ΔB739_0035644325122
RA CH-1ΔB739_0030ΔB739_003564< 0.25325122
RA CH-1ΔB739_0033644< 0.25< 0.252
RA CH-24168132
RA CH-2ΔG148_17684168132
RA CH-2ΔG148_17741168132
RA CH-2ΔG148_1768ΔG148_17741168132
RA CH-2ΔG148_17674168132
RA CH-2ΔG148_17774168132
RA CH-2ΔG148_1767ΔG148_1777448132
RA CH-2ΔG148_1771416< 0.25132
RA CH-2ΔG148_17754168< 0.2532
RA CH-2ΔG148_17694168116
RA CH-2ΔG148_17724168132
RA CH-2ΔG148_1769ΔG148_1772416812
RA ATCC 11845< 0.25< 0.25< 0.25< 0.252
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鸭疫里默氏杆菌耐药基因传播方式的鉴定及分布
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杨宇豪 1, 2, 3, 4, # , 姚弈舟 1, 2, 3, 4, # , 朱德康 1, 2, 3, 4 , 张相德 5 , 程安春 1, 2, 3, 4, * , 刘马峰 1, 2, 3, 4, *
微生物学报 | 数据论文 2024,64(11): 4455-4465
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微生物学报 | 数据论文 2024, 64(11): 4455-4465
鸭疫里默氏杆菌耐药基因传播方式的鉴定及分布
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杨宇豪1, 2, 3, 4, #, 姚弈舟1, 2, 3, 4, #, 朱德康1, 2, 3, 4, 张相德5, 程安春1, 2, 3, 4, * , 刘马峰1, 2, 3, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1 西南动物疫病防控技术教育部工程研究中心, 四川 成都 611130
  • 2 四川省动物疫病防控国际联合研究中心, 四川 成都 611130
  • 3 动物疫病与人类健康四川省重点实验室, 四川 成都 611130
  • 4 四川农业大学 动物医学院, 禽病防治研究中心, 四川 成都 611130
  • 5 江苏益客食品集团股份有限公司, 江苏 宿迁 223800
Transmission ways and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in Riemerella anatipestifer
Yuhao YANG1, 2, 3, 4, #, Yizhou YAO1, 2, 3, 4, #, Dekang ZHU1, 2, 3, 4, Xiangde ZHANG5, Anchun CHENG1, 2, 3, 4, * , Mafeng LIU1, 2, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
  • 2 Sichuan International Joint Research Center for Animal Epidemic Prevention and Control, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
  • 3 Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
  • 4 Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
  • 5 Jiangsu YiKe Food Group Co., Ltd., Suqian 223800, Jiangsu, China
出版时间: 2024-08-23 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240366
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【目的】鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer, RA)是一种感染鸭、鹅等禽类的革兰氏阴性病原菌。该菌的临床分离株具有多重耐药性,且其耐药性呈现逐年增加的趋势,但关于这些耐药基因在该菌的传播方式尚未被明确鉴定。本研究旨在鉴定耐药基因在鸭疫里默氏杆菌的传播方式,以及这些耐药基因在该菌临床分离株中的分布情况。【方法】测定参考菌株RA ATCC 11845、临床分离株RA CH-1、RA CH-2对10类28种药物的耐药表型;通过基因组分析和基因缺失株的构建鉴定耐药基因;自然转化实验鉴定其耐药基因传播方式;通过PCR检测这些耐药基因在不同临床菌株的分布情况。【结果】耐药检测结果表明,鸭疫里默氏杆菌RA CH-1株、RA CH-2株对β-内酰胺类、四环素类、大环内酯类、林可胺类及酰胺醇类等药物均具有耐药性,而RA ATCC 11845株对以上药物敏感;13个耐药基因分别缺失后对相关药物变得敏感,表明其参与耐药;以上耐药基因均可通过自然转化方式转移至敏感菌株RA ATCC 11845;相关耐药基因在2017-2023年分离的100株临床株的检出率最低为3%,最高为89%。【结论】耐药基因在鸭疫里默氏杆菌可通过自然转化的形式进行传播,不同耐药基因在该菌临床分离株中的分布不同,其中tet(X) (B739_0030)耐药基因携带率最高,blaOXA (G148_1768)耐药基因携带率最低。

鸭疫里默氏杆菌  /  耐药基因  /  传播方式  /  自然转化

[Objective] Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is a Gram-negative bacterium that mainly infects domesticated birds such as ducks and geese. The clinical isolates of RA are multi-drug resistant and increasing year by year. However, the transmission ways of antibiotic resistance genes in RA have not been identified. This study aims to identify the transmission ways and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the clinical isolates of RA. [Methods] The drug resistance phenotypes of the reference strain RA ATCC 11845 and the clinical isolates RA CH-1 and RA CH-2 to 28 antibiotics belonging to 10 categories were determined. The antibiotic resistance genes were identified by genome analysis and construction of gene deletion strains. The transmission ways of antibiotic resistance genes were identified by natural transformation. The distribution of these resistance genes in different clinical isolates was detected by PCR. [Results] RA CH-1 and RA CH-2 were resistant to β-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, and amide alcohols, while RA ATCC 11845 was sensitive to the above antibiotics. The resistant strains became sensitive to the corresponding antibiotics after the deletion of 13 resistance genes, respectively, indicating that these genes were involved in antibiotic resistance. All the resistant genes can be transferred to the sensitive strain RA ATCC 11845 by natural transformation. The detection rates of resistance genes in 100 clinical isolates from 2017 to 2023 varied within the range of 3% to 89%. [Conclusion] Antibiotic resistance genes can be transmitted in RA through natural transformation, and different antibiotic resistance genes presented varied distribution in clinical isolates, among which tetX (B739_0030) and blaOXA (G148_1768) were carried by the most and fewest strains, respectively.

Riemerella anatipestifer  /  antibiotic resistance genes  /  transmission way  /  natural transformation
杨宇豪, 姚弈舟, 朱德康, 张相德, 程安春, 刘马峰. 鸭疫里默氏杆菌耐药基因传播方式的鉴定及分布. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (11) : 4455 -4465 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240366
Yuhao YANG, Yizhou YAO, Dekang ZHU, Xiangde ZHANG, Anchun CHENG, Mafeng LIU. Transmission ways and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in Riemerella anatipestifer[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (11) : 4455 -4465 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240366
抗生素耐药基因的传播和扩散是目前全球面临的重大公共卫生问题[1-2]。细菌主要通过基因突变和耐药基因水平转移2种方式获得耐药[3-4]。基因水平转移主要包括接合转移、转导及自然转化3种方式[5-7]。接合转移是细菌中普遍存在的一种DNA转移机制,通过细菌与细菌之间的接触使质粒从一个菌转移至另一个菌[8]。例如INCA/C质粒已在多种革兰氏阴性菌中发现,包括肠杆菌科细菌、铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌,这种质粒通常携带qnrA1基因,可对氟喹诺酮类药物产生耐药[9]。转导是以噬菌体为载体进行基因的水平转移,自然界中噬菌体会与环境中的细菌发生相互作用,研究表明沙门氏菌、葡萄球菌等细菌可通过噬菌体传播耐药基因[10]。自然转化是指细菌能够摄取环境中游离的DNA并整合至自身基因组的过程[11]。在自然环境中,只有少数细菌被发现具有摄取环境中游离DNA的能力;因此,这类细菌较易通过自然转化的方式来获得耐药基因[12]
鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer, RA)是威克斯氏菌科(Weeksellaceae)、里默氏菌属(Riemerella)的一种革兰氏阴性杆菌[13]。该菌具有多种血清型和多重耐药的特点,因此,通过现有单一血清型疫苗或药物很难达到预期防控效果,是目前威胁我国养鸭业健康发展的主要细菌性病原[14]。目前鉴定的鸭疫里默氏杆菌耐药基因主要包括:β-内酰胺类耐药基因blaTm-1blaOXA-209blaRAA-1blaRASA-1rad-1[15-19],氨基糖苷类耐药基因aac(3)-Igaac(3)-IcaadS[20],酰胺醇类耐药基因floRcat[16, 21],大环内脂类耐药基因erm(F)、erm(E)、ere(D)[20],林可酰胺类耐药基因lnu(H)和lnu(I)[22-23],喹诺酮类耐药基因gyrA[15],四环素类耐药基因tet(X)[24]等。
前期研究发现,鸭疫里默氏杆菌具有自然转化的现象[25],然而自然转化在该菌耐药基因传播中的作用未被系统鉴定。本研究旨在探究鸭疫里默氏杆菌中耐药基因是否通过自然转化的形式进行水平转移,并且对其耐药基因在临床株的携带情况进行调查,为临床用药提供参考依据。
鸭疫里默氏杆菌RA CH-1、RA CH-2及其他临床分离株由本实验室分离并保存于−80 ℃冰箱。RA ATCC 11845购自美国典型培养物保藏中心;鸭疫里默氏杆菌耐药基因缺失株由本研究构建;DNA纯化回收试剂盒购自天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;培养基购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;抗生素购自大连美仑生物技术有限公司。
研究使用的基因序列来自NCBI数据库,引物序列由北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司合成,见表1
参照美国临床和实验室标准协会中测定抗生素MIC的实验方法,利用96孔培养板测定10类28种抗生素对RA CH-1、RA CH-2、RA ATCC 11845的MIC值。在96孔培养板中每孔加入的菌液含量约为105 CFU;加入的抗生素每孔浓度从左至右依次为512、256、128、64、32、16、8、4、2、1、0.5、0.25 μg/mL。放入37 ℃恒温培养箱培养18−24 h后,记录以上菌株对不同种类抗生素的MIC值。
通过下载NCBI上公布的鸭疫里默氏杆菌RA CH-1、RA CH-2、RA ATCC 11845基因组,对其基因组序列比较,分析其存在的不同耐药基因。
分别以RA CH-1、RA CH-2基因组为模板,使用相应引物扩增耐药基因上游(up)片段和下游(down)片段;分别以质粒pEX18Gm、pLMF03为模板扩增壮观霉素(spectinomycin, spc)抗性基因片段和头孢西丁(cefoxitin, cfx)耐药基因片段。将上游片段、抗性基因片段、下游基因片段通过融合PCR的方式进行连接,得到up-spc-down或up-cfx-down片段。将融合片段通过自然转化方式转化至受体菌中,利用含有壮观霉素(80 μg/mL)或头孢西丁(1 μg/mL)的血平板筛选,长出克隆后用引物up p1+cfx p2或spc p2、cfx p1或spc p1+down p2进行PCR鉴定。以此方法建构的耐药基因缺失株包括了β-内酰胺类耐药基因B739_0031B739_0036G148_1768G148_1774,四环素类耐药基因B739_0030B739_0035G148_1767G148_1777,大环内酯类耐药基因B739_0033G148_1771,林可胺类耐药基因G148_1775及酰胺醇类耐药基因G148_1769G148_1772
自然转化方法参照文献[26]进行操作。将RA ATCC 11845培养至对数生长期(OD600为1.0−2.0),并调整OD600为1.0。以RA CH-1、RA CH-2基因组为底物DNA (2 μg)与300 μL RA ATCC 11845受体菌混合后进行自然转化,置于37 ℃培养箱孵育1 h,随即将其涂布于含有相应抗性的血琼脂平板上,长出克隆后用耐药基因引物up p1及down p2进行PCR鉴定。
选取100株鸭疫里默氏杆菌临床分离株,对其耐药基因进行PCR鉴定,所用引物为耐药基因up p1/down p2,统计100株临床分离株中耐药基因的数目及占比。
为测定RA CH-1、RA CH-2和RA ATCC 11845这3株鸭疫里默氏杆菌的耐药表型,检测了10类28种药物对3株菌的MIC。结果如表2所示,与RA ATCC 11845相比,RA CH-1及RA CH-2对β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、林可胺类、酰胺醇类、糖肽类、多肽类、磺胺类抗生素均具有耐药性;RA ATCC 11845则是对多数药物敏感,仅对氨基糖苷类、多肽类药物具有抗性。
通过比较分析RA CH-1、RA CH-2和RA ATCC 11845的全基因组,本研究从RA CH-1、RA CH-2基因组中共找到13个耐药基因。RA CH-1基因组包含的耐药基因包括:编码β-内酰胺类耐药基因B739_0031B739_0036,编码四环素类耐药基因B739_0030B739_0035,编码大环内酯类耐药基因B739_0033;RA CH-2基因组包含的耐药基因包括:编码β-内酰胺类耐药基因G148_1768G148_1774,编码四环素类耐药基因G148_1767G148_1777,编码大环内酯类耐药基因G148_1771,编码林可胺类耐药基因G148_1775,编码酰胺醇类耐药基因G148_1769G148_1772
其中,B739_0030B739_0035为同源基因,相似性为96%;G148_1767G148_1777为同源基因,相似性为100%;G148_1769G148_1772为同源基因,相似性为98.5%。
采用抗性基因替代的方法对目的基因进行缺失,以RA CH-1ΔB739_0030: : spc缺失株的鉴定结果为例。结果如图1所示:以RA CH-1ΔB739_0030: : spc为模板,PCR能扩增出up-spc片段及spc-down片段,而对照组RA CH-1为模板,则未扩增出条带,说明RA CH-1ΔB739_0030: : spc有痕缺失株构建成功。其余缺失株的构建及验证方法与上述一致。
为进一步验证以上耐药基因是否参与相应药物耐药,本研究检测了亲本株、耐药基因缺失株之间的耐药性差异。如表3所示,缺失大环内酯类耐药基因B739_0033G148_1771,林可胺类耐药基因B739_0033G148_1775,β-内酰胺类耐药基因B739_0036后,缺失株对相应药物敏感性均降低至与RA ATCC 11845同一水平;当菌株体内存在同类2个耐药基因时,仅缺失1个对耐药表型无显著影响。只有当2个基因均缺失后才会对相应药物敏感,如单缺四环素类耐药基因B739_0030B739_0035对四环素MIC值无影响,当2个耐药基因均缺失后才表现出对四环素敏感。
研究表明,鸭疫里默氏杆菌具有发生自然转化的能力[25]。为判定自然转化是否是该菌耐药基因平行转移的一种普遍方式,本研究分别以RA CH-1和RA CH-2基因组为底物进行自然转化,判断RA CH-1、RA CH-2基因组中耐药基因能否转移至敏感株RA ATCC 11845中。结果表明,RA CH-1/RA CH-2基因组与RA ATCC 11845孵育后,可使RA ATCC 11845对四环素类、大环内酯类药物产生耐药。对转化子进行PCR鉴定发现,耐药基因B739_0030B739_0033G148_1767G148_1771已经被转移至RA ATCC 11845的基因组(图2);其余耐药基因也同样如此,可使RA ATCC 11845对β-内酰胺类、林可胺类及酰胺醇类药物产生耐药,对转化子进行PCR鉴定发现,耐药基因B739_0036G148_1774G148_1769G148_1775已经被转移至RA ATCC 11845的基因组。以上结果证明,不同耐药基因均能通过自然转化方式在鸭疫里默氏杆菌之间发生水平基因转移。
为进一步研究这些耐药基因在不同临床菌株的分布情况,本研究对在2017−2023年,自山东、四川等7个省份共17个地区分离到的100株分离株的耐药基因携带情况进行了鉴定(以上菌株均由本实验室分离并保存于−80 ℃冰箱)。由于以上13个耐药基因中B739_0030B739_0035G148_1767G148_1777G148_1769G148_1772为同源基因,因此对10个耐药基因进行了鉴定。结果表明,β-内酰胺类耐药基因B739_0031 (blaOXA)的携带率为43% (43/100),β-内酰胺类耐药基因B739_0036 (blaRASA)的携带率为12% (12/100),β-内酰胺类耐药基因G148_1768 (blaOXA)的携带率为3% (3/100),β-内酰胺类耐药基因G148_1774 (blaRASA)的携带率为39% (39/100),四环素类耐药基因B739_0030 [tet(X)]的携带率为89% (89/100),四环素类耐药基因G148_1767 [tet(X)]的携带率为68% (68/100),大环内酯类耐药基因B739_0033 [erm(F)]的携带率为53% (53/100),红霉素耐药基因G148_1771 [ere(D)]的携带率为14% (14/100),林可胺类耐药基因G148_1775 [lnu(H)]的携带率为16% (16/100),酰胺醇类耐药基因G148_1769 (catB)的携带率为22% (22/100)。其中,携带2种以上耐药基因的菌株占比为88%,携带3种以上耐药基因的菌株占比为73%,携带4种以上耐药基因的菌株占比为52%,携带5种以上耐药基因的菌株占比为29%,携带6种以上耐药基因的菌株占比为17%。
我国是养鸭大国,2023年全国商品肉鸭出栏量超过42亿只[27]。疫病的频发仍然是限制我国养鸭业快速健康发展的重要因素。鸭疫里默氏杆菌是一种主要感染鸭和其他禽类的革兰氏阴性病原菌,是危害我国养鸭业健康发展最为重要的细菌性病原之一[13]。该菌感染雏鸭后导致纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎、脑膜炎等病变,死亡率可达75%或更高[28]。该菌血清型复杂,目前至少发现有21种不同的血清型,而且血清型之间无交叉保护作用[13]。另一方面,该菌的临床分离株表现出多重耐药,在某些养殖场已达到无药可用的境地。
据目前报道,该菌对8大类抗生素(β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、大环内脂类、喹诺酮类、林可酰胺类、酰胺醇类、四环素类、多肽类)超过30种药物均具有耐药性[15-24]。就单个菌株而言,可对多达7大类抗生素耐药[29]。综上所述,鸭疫里默氏杆菌耐药性与其携带耐药基因直接相关。然而,耐药基因在鸭疫里默氏杆菌是如何传播的未被系统研究。因此,本研究鉴定了鸭疫里默氏杆菌耐药基因传播的方式,并分析鸭疫里默氏杆菌中耐药基因的分布,为更好地防控耐药基因在该菌的传播奠定基础。
本研究首先分析鉴定了RA CH-1、RA CH-2及RA ATCC 11845的耐药表型,从多重耐药菌RA CH-1、RA CH-2的基因组中找到了已报道的13个耐药基因,包括了β-内酰胺类耐药基因blaOXAblaRASA、四环素类耐药基因tet(X)、大环内酯类耐药基因erm(F)、ere(D)、林可胺类耐药基因lnu(H)、酰胺醇类耐药基因catB。构建以上耐药基因缺失株并对缺失株进行了药物敏感性测定,结果显示以上耐药基因均参与耐药。当菌株体内存在同类2个耐药基因时,它们之间可能协作互补,如四环素耐药基因仅缺失1个对耐药表型无显著影响,只有当2个基因均缺失后才会对相应药物敏感。
鸭疫里默氏杆菌具有自然转化的能力,因此本研究鉴定了是否耐药基因可以从耐药菌株通过自然转化方式转移至敏感菌株。本研究的受体菌选择了对多种药物敏感的RA ATCC 11845,供体基因选择了携带不同耐药基因的RA CH-1和RA CH-2基因组。结果表明,耐药基因均可以从RA CH-1和RA CH-2基因组转移并整合至RA ATCC 11845的基因组并表现出耐药表型。
对自2017−2023年分离于山东、四川等地的100株菌的耐药基因携带情况进行了鉴定。结果表明,不同耐药基因的携带率差异较大,这一结果可能由多种原因导致,既有可能是在不同地区中耐药基因各自的流行率不同,也可能是临床株本身自然转化能力的不同导致接受外源耐药基因的难易程度不同所致。
综上所述,本研究鉴定了鸭疫里默氏杆菌耐药基因可通过自然转化的形式进行水平传播,而且各类耐药基因在临床分离株中携带情况不同,其中四环素类耐药基因、大环内酯类耐药基因、β-内酰胺类耐药基因的携带率相对较高,为下一步有效防控耐药基因的传播和临床用药选择提供依据。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1800200)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32273003)
  • 四川省自然科学基金(24NSFSC0034)
  • 四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC1677)
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2024年第64卷第11期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240366
  • 接收时间:2024-06-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-08-23
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-14
  • 录用日期:2024-08-22
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1800200)
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1800200)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32273003)
国家自然科学基金(32273003)
Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(24NSFSC0034)
四川省自然科学基金(24NSFSC0034)
Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2022NSFSC1677)
四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC1677)
作者信息
    1 西南动物疫病防控技术教育部工程研究中心, 四川 成都 611130
    2 四川省动物疫病防控国际联合研究中心, 四川 成都 611130
    3 动物疫病与人类健康四川省重点实验室, 四川 成都 611130
    4 四川农业大学 动物医学院, 禽病防治研究中心, 四川 成都 611130
    5 江苏益客食品集团股份有限公司, 江苏 宿迁 223800

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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