Article(id=1242119554042757667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242119544966283483, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240279, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1714838400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1724169600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-08-21, onlineDate=1774073979148, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1724342400000, pubDateStr=2024-08-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774073979148, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774073979148, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774073979148, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242119544966283483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='11', pageStart='4011', pageEnd='4465', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774073976985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774074072279, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242119944725397854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242119544966283483, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242119944725397855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242119544966283483, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4248, endPage=4261, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242119554978087540, articleId=1242119554042757667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Screening and antimicrobial activity evaluation of antimicrobial Lactobacillus strains from vagina, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To develop probiotics for gynecological inflammation, we isolated and screened out Lactobacillus with antimicrobial and probiotic properties from the vagina of healthy women. [Methods] The plate streaking method was employed to isolate the Lactobacillus strains from vaginal samples, and the isolates were then identified based on morphological and 16S rRNA gene sequencing evidence. The growth and adhesion of the five strains were characterized. The Oxford cup method with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as indicator strains was employed to assess the antimicrobial activities of the strains. The microtiter plate method was used to measure the inhibitory effects of the strains on Candida albicans. The antimicrobial components were explored by organic acid elimination and hydrogen peroxide elimination methods. [Results] Five strains of Lactobacillus were isolated, including three strains (Q2.1, BHC04, and Q8.5) of Lactobacillus crispatus and two strains (Q6.3 and BHG05) of Lactobacillus gasseri. All the five strains of Lactobacillus had strong growth and high acid production. Strains Q2.1, BHC04, and BHG05 had a short delay period and reached a plateau growth stage after 20 h, and strains BHG05, Q6.3, and Q8.5 had high acid production, with the culture medium finally reaching pH 3.80–4.03. The adhesion capacity (hydrophobicity, self-agglutination rate, and co-agglutination rate with pathogens) of L. crispatus Q2.1, BHC04, and Q8.5 was significantly higher than that of the positive control strain, L. delbrueckii DM8909. The inhibitory effects of the five strains on E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans were stronger than those of the positive control (nisin). Strains BHC04, BHG05, and Q8.5 showcased stronger inhibitory effects on E. coli than DM8909. The inhibitory effect of BHG05 on C. albicans was significantly stronger than that of DM8909, with the inhibition rate reaching up to (73.14±0.14)%. The inhibitory effects of BHC04 and Q8.5 on C. albicans were not significantly different from that of DM8909, with the inhibition rates reaching up to (72.80±0.30)% and (72.93±0.10)%, respectively. According to the results above, we selected BHC04 and BHG05 as high quality strains with antimicrobial potential. The five strains produced organic acids and hydrogen peroxide to exert antimicrobial effects. [Conclusion] Two strains of Lactobacillus with antimicrobial effects and excellent probiotic properties were screened out. They can be used as candidate strains of antimicrobial probiotics for the prevention and treatment of gynecological inflammation caused by E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans.

, correspAuthors=Jun MENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*MENG Jun, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Panpan DONG, Yue MENG, Xiangge XIN, Jun MENG, Changhe DING, Han DU, Liren SONG, Dongge ZHENG, Lingguang DU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1242119559314998186, articleId=1242119554042757667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=阴道源抑菌性乳杆菌的筛选及其抑菌能力的评价, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】为开发针对妇科炎症的微生态制剂,本研究对健康妇女阴道的乳酸菌进行分离并对其抑菌特性进行探究。【方法】采用平板划线、形态学鉴定和16S rRNA基因鉴定相结合的方法,对阴道中的乳杆菌进行分离纯化和鉴定。对分离得到的5株乳杆菌进行生长特性和黏附能力的测定。利用牛津杯法,以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) ATCC 25923和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus) ATCC 8739为指示菌,测定乳杆菌的抑菌能力;利用微量孔板法测定乳杆菌对白假丝酵母(Candida albicans) CMCC(F) 98001的抑制能力。用有机酸排除和过氧化氢排除法对其抑菌成分进行探究。【结果】初步分离出5株乳杆菌,其中Q2.1、BHC04和Q8.5为卷曲乳杆菌(Lactobacillus crispatus),Q6.3和BHG05为格氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus gasseri)。5株乳杆菌均具有较强的生长和产酸能力,其中Q2.1、BHC04和BHG05的延滞期短,在20 h可达到稳定生长期,BHG05、Q6.3和Q8.5的产酸能力较强,最终pH可达3.80−4.03。卷曲乳杆菌Q2.1、BHC04和Q8.5的黏附能力(疏水能力、自凝集率、与致病菌的共凝集率)显著高于阳性对照菌株德氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus delbrueckii) DM8909。5株乳杆菌对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白假丝酵母的抑制能力显著高于阳性对照乳酸链球菌素(nisin)。BHC04、BHG05和Q8.5对大肠杆菌的抑制能力显著高于阳性对照菌株DM8909。BHG05对白假丝酵母的抑制能力显著高于阳性菌株DM8909,可达(73.14±0.14)%。BHC04和Q8.5对白假丝酵母的抑制能力与DM8909无显著性差异,可达(72.80±0.30)%和(72.93±0.10)%。综上,选取BHC04和BHG05作为具有抑菌潜力的优质菌株。5株乳酸菌可以产生有机酸、过氧化氢等发挥抑菌作用。【结论】筛选出2株具有抑菌能力且益生特性优良的乳杆菌,可作为抑菌微生态制剂的候选菌株来治疗和预防由大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白假丝酵母引起的妇科疾病。

, correspAuthors=孟珺, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jyNVy5u24O7dHvZje1qbIA==, magXml=woKgshuBtoD6ju2tzGiX2Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=suNp5RIrXGHJOcjWupOX+A==, pdfFileSize=995415, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=kRlOJ04xT7Ws3xhy2AapWw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=uievGUaJJwGEUe5B3QJ+FQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=董盼盼, 孟越, 辛向鸽, 孟珺, 丁长河, 杜涵, 宋立人, 郑冬鸽, 杜灵广)}, authors=[Author(id=1243291007127765029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554042757667, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, 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Microecology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU JM, YUAN JL, LI GF, ZHANG DW.Study in inhibition vaginal infection in mice with Lactobacillus DM8908 strain[J].Chinese Journal of Microecology,2003,15(2):80-81,84 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Study in inhibition vaginal infection in mice with Lactobacillus DM8908 strain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243291021564560010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554042757667, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=36, issue=7, pageStart=549, pageEnd=556, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=Packaging Technology and Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIA L, SUN WL, LI WB, DONG Y, WU LL, SALDAÑA MDA, GAO Y, JIN Y, SUN WX.A colour indicator film based on bromothymol blue/poly-l-lactic acid/polyvinylpyrrolidone for detecting bacteria[J].Packaging Technology and Science,2023,36(7):549-556., articleTitle=A colour indicator film based on bromothymol blue/poly-l-lactic acid/polyvinylpyrrolidone for detecting bacteria, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243291021682000524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554042757667, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=30, issue=3, pageStart=453, pageEnd=468, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=Clinical Therapeutics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BARRONS R, TASSONE D.Use of Lactobacillus probiotics for bacterial genitourinary infections in women: a review[J].Clinical Therapeutics,2008,30(3):453-468., articleTitle=Use of Lactobacillus probiotics for bacterial genitourinary infections in women: a review, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1243291015507984852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554042757667, awardId=222102110080, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Research and Development and Promotion Specialties of Henan (Scientific and 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C: Candida albicans. * indicates significant difference before and after treatment (P < 0.05)., figureFileSmall=pgvQ0+Y5q14D5+s9LsCoww==, figureFileBig=KHVqInMuYSj4fRfIDLLuIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291014501351844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554042757667, language=CN, label=图9, caption=过氧化氢排除试验, figureFileSmall=pgvQ0+Y5q14D5+s9LsCoww==, figureFileBig=KHVqInMuYSj4fRfIDLLuIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291014593626539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554042757667, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The inhibitory capacity of CFS against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainspHEscherichia coli (mm)Staphylococcus aureus (mm)
Different letters (a, b, and c) at the same rank indicate statistical significance (P < 0.05), the outer diameter of the inhibitory circle is 7.80 mm, and the activity of nisin is 1 000 IU/mL. − indicated that pH was not measured.
DM89093.9720.00±2.65ab22.67±1.15a
Q2.13.8621.83±2.02a23.67±3.21a
BHC043.8723.50±1.50a26.00±2.65a
Q6.33.8621.00±0.50ab25.67±1.53a
BHG053.8023.67±1.76a25.00±1.00a
Q8.53.8625.00±2.18a22.17±2.02a
Nisin14.67±1.15c18.33±1.15b
), ArticleFig(id=1243291014685901234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554042757667, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CFS对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制能力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainspHEscherichia coli (mm)Staphylococcus aureus (mm)
Different letters (a, b, and c) at the same rank indicate statistical significance (P < 0.05), the outer diameter of the inhibitory circle is 7.80 mm, and the activity of nisin is 1 000 IU/mL. − indicated that pH was not measured.
DM89093.9720.00±2.65ab22.67±1.15a
Q2.13.8621.83±2.02a23.67±3.21a
BHC043.8723.50±1.50a26.00±2.65a
Q6.33.8621.00±0.50ab25.67±1.53a
BHG053.8023.67±1.76a25.00±1.00a
Q8.53.8625.00±2.18a22.17±2.02a
Nisin14.67±1.15c18.33±1.15b
), ArticleFig(id=1243291014807536056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554042757667, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The inhibitory capacity of CFS against Candida albicans

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainspHCandida albicans (%)
Different letters (a, b, c, and d) indicate statistical significance (P < 0.05), the outer diameter of the inhibitory circle is 7.80 mm, and the activity of nisin is 1 000 IU/mL. − indicated that pH was not measured.
DM89093.9772.58±0.18b
Q2.13.8671.92±0.33c
BHC043.8772.80±0.30ab
Q6.33.8672.12±0.21c
BHG053.8073.14±0.14a
Q8.53.8672.93±0.10ab
Nisin57.07±0.49d
), ArticleFig(id=1243291014924976573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554042757667, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

CFS对白假丝酵母的抑制能力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainspHCandida albicans (%)
Different letters (a, b, c, and d) indicate statistical significance (P < 0.05), the outer diameter of the inhibitory circle is 7.80 mm, and the activity of nisin is 1 000 IU/mL. − indicated that pH was not measured.
DM89093.9772.58±0.18b
Q2.13.8671.92±0.33c
BHC043.8772.80±0.30ab
Q6.33.8672.12±0.21c
BHG053.8073.14±0.14a
Q8.53.8672.93±0.10ab
Nisin57.07±0.49d
), ArticleFig(id=1243291015059194308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554042757667, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Elimination of organic acid

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsEscherichia coli (mm)Staphylococcus aureus (mm)Candida albicans (mm)
CFSCFS of pH 5.50CFSCFS of pH 5.50CFSCFS of pH 5.50
Different letters (a and b) indicate statistical significance (P < 0.05).
DM890924.00±1.87024.67±2.01075.17±0.20a47.66±0.54b
Q2.123.50±0.41024.00±1.41075.59±0.08a69.51±1.35b
BHC0424.67±2.66027.75±1.25075.78±0.36a69.13±0.76b
Q6.323.67±1.70025.00±2.16075.19±0.29a70.12±1.67b
BHG0528.00±2.16023.17±2.09074.73±0.17a72.80±1.04b
Q8.523.83±0.24023.67±1.25075.40±0.19a67.47±1.02b
), ArticleFig(id=1243291015268909515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119554042757667, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

有机酸排除试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsEscherichia coli (mm)Staphylococcus aureus (mm)Candida albicans (mm)
CFSCFS of pH 5.50CFSCFS of pH 5.50CFSCFS of pH 5.50
Different letters (a and b) indicate statistical significance (P < 0.05).
DM890924.00±1.87024.67±2.01075.17±0.20a47.66±0.54b
Q2.123.50±0.41024.00±1.41075.59±0.08a69.51±1.35b
BHC0424.67±2.66027.75±1.25075.78±0.36a69.13±0.76b
Q6.323.67±1.70025.00±2.16075.19±0.29a70.12±1.67b
BHG0528.00±2.16023.17±2.09074.73±0.17a72.80±1.04b
Q8.523.83±0.24023.67±1.25075.40±0.19a67.47±1.02b
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阴道源抑菌性乳杆菌的筛选及其抑菌能力的评价
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董盼盼 1 , 孟越 1 , 辛向鸽 1 , 孟珺 1, * , 丁长河 1 , 杜涵 2 , 宋立人 2 , 郑冬鸽 2 , 杜灵广 2
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(11): 4248-4261
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(11): 4248-4261
阴道源抑菌性乳杆菌的筛选及其抑菌能力的评价
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董盼盼1, 孟越1, 辛向鸽1, 孟珺1, * , 丁长河1, 杜涵2, 宋立人2, 郑冬鸽2, 杜灵广2
作者信息
  • 1 河南工业大学 粮油食品学院, 河南 郑州 450001
  • 2 郑州金百合生物工程有限公司, 河南 郑州 450001
Screening and antimicrobial activity evaluation of antimicrobial Lactobacillus strains from vagina
Panpan DONG1, Yue MENG1, Xiangge XIN1, Jun MENG1, * , Changhe DING1, Han DU2, Liren SONG2, Dongge ZHENG2, Lingguang DU2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
  • 2 Zhengzhou Jinbaihe Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
出版时间: 2024-08-23 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240279
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【目的】为开发针对妇科炎症的微生态制剂,本研究对健康妇女阴道的乳酸菌进行分离并对其抑菌特性进行探究。【方法】采用平板划线、形态学鉴定和16S rRNA基因鉴定相结合的方法,对阴道中的乳杆菌进行分离纯化和鉴定。对分离得到的5株乳杆菌进行生长特性和黏附能力的测定。利用牛津杯法,以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) ATCC 25923和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus) ATCC 8739为指示菌,测定乳杆菌的抑菌能力;利用微量孔板法测定乳杆菌对白假丝酵母(Candida albicans) CMCC(F) 98001的抑制能力。用有机酸排除和过氧化氢排除法对其抑菌成分进行探究。【结果】初步分离出5株乳杆菌,其中Q2.1、BHC04和Q8.5为卷曲乳杆菌(Lactobacillus crispatus),Q6.3和BHG05为格氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus gasseri)。5株乳杆菌均具有较强的生长和产酸能力,其中Q2.1、BHC04和BHG05的延滞期短,在20 h可达到稳定生长期,BHG05、Q6.3和Q8.5的产酸能力较强,最终pH可达3.80−4.03。卷曲乳杆菌Q2.1、BHC04和Q8.5的黏附能力(疏水能力、自凝集率、与致病菌的共凝集率)显著高于阳性对照菌株德氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus delbrueckii) DM8909。5株乳杆菌对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白假丝酵母的抑制能力显著高于阳性对照乳酸链球菌素(nisin)。BHC04、BHG05和Q8.5对大肠杆菌的抑制能力显著高于阳性对照菌株DM8909。BHG05对白假丝酵母的抑制能力显著高于阳性菌株DM8909,可达(73.14±0.14)%。BHC04和Q8.5对白假丝酵母的抑制能力与DM8909无显著性差异,可达(72.80±0.30)%和(72.93±0.10)%。综上,选取BHC04和BHG05作为具有抑菌潜力的优质菌株。5株乳酸菌可以产生有机酸、过氧化氢等发挥抑菌作用。【结论】筛选出2株具有抑菌能力且益生特性优良的乳杆菌,可作为抑菌微生态制剂的候选菌株来治疗和预防由大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白假丝酵母引起的妇科疾病。

乳杆菌  /  阴道  /  益生特性  /  抑菌能力  /  妇科炎症

[Objective] To develop probiotics for gynecological inflammation, we isolated and screened out Lactobacillus with antimicrobial and probiotic properties from the vagina of healthy women. [Methods] The plate streaking method was employed to isolate the Lactobacillus strains from vaginal samples, and the isolates were then identified based on morphological and 16S rRNA gene sequencing evidence. The growth and adhesion of the five strains were characterized. The Oxford cup method with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as indicator strains was employed to assess the antimicrobial activities of the strains. The microtiter plate method was used to measure the inhibitory effects of the strains on Candida albicans. The antimicrobial components were explored by organic acid elimination and hydrogen peroxide elimination methods. [Results] Five strains of Lactobacillus were isolated, including three strains (Q2.1, BHC04, and Q8.5) of Lactobacillus crispatus and two strains (Q6.3 and BHG05) of Lactobacillus gasseri. All the five strains of Lactobacillus had strong growth and high acid production. Strains Q2.1, BHC04, and BHG05 had a short delay period and reached a plateau growth stage after 20 h, and strains BHG05, Q6.3, and Q8.5 had high acid production, with the culture medium finally reaching pH 3.80–4.03. The adhesion capacity (hydrophobicity, self-agglutination rate, and co-agglutination rate with pathogens) of L. crispatus Q2.1, BHC04, and Q8.5 was significantly higher than that of the positive control strain, L. delbrueckii DM8909. The inhibitory effects of the five strains on E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans were stronger than those of the positive control (nisin). Strains BHC04, BHG05, and Q8.5 showcased stronger inhibitory effects on E. coli than DM8909. The inhibitory effect of BHG05 on C. albicans was significantly stronger than that of DM8909, with the inhibition rate reaching up to (73.14±0.14)%. The inhibitory effects of BHC04 and Q8.5 on C. albicans were not significantly different from that of DM8909, with the inhibition rates reaching up to (72.80±0.30)% and (72.93±0.10)%, respectively. According to the results above, we selected BHC04 and BHG05 as high quality strains with antimicrobial potential. The five strains produced organic acids and hydrogen peroxide to exert antimicrobial effects. [Conclusion] Two strains of Lactobacillus with antimicrobial effects and excellent probiotic properties were screened out. They can be used as candidate strains of antimicrobial probiotics for the prevention and treatment of gynecological inflammation caused by E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans.

Lactobacillus  /  vagina  /  probiotic properties  /  antimicrobial effect  /  gynecological inflammation
董盼盼, 孟越, 辛向鸽, 孟珺, 丁长河, 杜涵, 宋立人, 郑冬鸽, 杜灵广. 阴道源抑菌性乳杆菌的筛选及其抑菌能力的评价. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (11) : 4248 -4261 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240279
Panpan DONG, Yue MENG, Xiangge XIN, Jun MENG, Changhe DING, Han DU, Liren SONG, Dongge ZHENG, Lingguang DU. Screening and antimicrobial activity evaluation of antimicrobial Lactobacillus strains from vagina[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (11) : 4248 -4261 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240279
健康妇女阴道是一个非常复杂的微生态系统[1],包含细菌、真菌等各种微生物,它们主要定殖于阴道四周的侧壁黏膜中。这些微生物之间互相制约、互相作用,形成阴道微生态系统。正常情况下微生态处于一个波动的状态,微生物的种类和数量都不会发生质的变化。当这个系统平衡被破坏时,会出现由于阴道菌群失调引起的阴道炎、宫颈炎和盆腔炎等多种疾病。阴道感染性疾病在国内具有高发态势,严重影响患者的身体健康与生活质量[2-3]
念珠菌性阴道炎(vulvovaginal candidiasis, VVC)是一种具有高发病率、高复发性以及非致命性等特点的妇科疾病,是困扰全球女性身体健康的一大难题。念珠菌性阴道炎的主要致病菌为白假丝酵母,这是一种存在于健康女性阴道内的机会致病菌,其菌丝态可以通过分泌黏附素定殖在阴道上皮细胞,进而形成生物膜,来抵抗抗真菌药物和宿主防御[4]。需氧性阴道炎(aerobic vaginitis, AV)是以阴道内乳杆菌减少或缺失、需氧菌增多为主要特征的阴道感染性疾病,最常见的病原体是大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)等。当前阴道炎的治疗方法主要是使用抗生素治疗,虽然抗生素对疾病的控制具有积极的作用,但是研究表明,在使用抗生素治疗阴道细菌感染患者12个月后有50%的复发率[5]。标准的抗生素疗法忽视了已经失调的阴道环境,无法重建阴道酸性环境[6],同时,抗生素也不适用于孕妇和哺乳期妇女。这些副作用给抗生素治疗带来了新的挑战。
乳杆菌为阴道菌群的优势微生物,数量可达阴道菌群的95%以上[7],在维持阴道微生态环境平衡发挥重要作用。育龄女性正常阴道菌群主要以卷曲乳杆菌和惰性乳杆菌为主,卷曲乳杆菌可以作为反映女性正常阴道微生态的标志,惰性乳杆菌与阴道微生态紊乱密切相关[8]。研究发现,当阴道菌群失衡时,及时补充乳杆菌可以纠正阴道微生态的平衡,对疾病的治疗具有积极的意义。目前在阴道炎治疗上,不仅要改善症状提高治愈率,而且还要调整微生态失衡状态,其中恢复乳杆菌数量来提升阴道防御功能成为关键。
本研究致力于从阴道样品中筛选出对常见阴道炎病原菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白假丝酵母)有较强抑菌作用的优质乳杆菌,为开发预防和缓解由菌群紊乱而引起的阴道炎的微生态制剂提供潜在的优良菌株。
白假丝酵母CMCC(F) 98001购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司,金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 25923和大肠杆菌ATCC 8739为河南工业大学粮油食品学院保存。阳性对照菌株德氏乳杆菌DM8909筛选自阴道乳酸菌活菌制剂——定君生,并由北京六合华大基因科技有限公司鉴定。
乳酸链球菌素,山东元泰生物工程有限公司;ʟ-半胱氨酸盐酸盐,天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司;细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒,天根生化科技(北京)有限公司。
MRS培养基:在普通MRS培养基加入0.5 g/L的ʟ-半胱氨酸盐酸盐,固体MRS加入琼脂15.0 g/L。LB培养基(g/L):胰蛋白胨10.0,酵母浸粉5.0,NaCl 10.0,固体LB加入琼脂10.0 g/L。SDB (sabouraud dextrose broth)培养基(g/L):葡萄糖40.0,蛋白胨10.0,固体SDB加入琼脂10.0 g/L。
厌氧罐,OXOID公司;厌氧产气袋和酶标仪,ThermoFisher Scientific公司;立式压力蒸汽灭菌锅,上海博迅实业有限公司;电热恒温培养箱,北京市永光明医疗仪器有限公司;超净工作台,上海笃特科学仪器有限公司;图像颗粒分析仪,丹东百特仪器有限公司;牛津杯,北京吉泰远成科技有限公司。
采样者为学校健康成年女性(包括学生和老师),所有受试者均了解并签署项目知情同意书。采样者用无菌棉签从阴道侧壁1/3处取得阴道分泌物,放入带有生理盐水的无菌试管中,4 ℃保存并尽快处理。
取少量样品用生理盐水稀释,在10−2、10−3、10−4梯度下各吸取100 µL于MRS固体培养基上涂布,放置在厌氧罐中,37 ℃倒置培养48 h;使用无菌接种环挑取单个特征菌落于MRS固体培养基上划线,37 ℃厌氧培养48 h,反复划线至同一平板中的菌落颜色、大小、形状均一致,然后将菌落接至含有MRS液体培养基的厌氧管中培养24 h,液体培养2−3次后,进行结晶紫染色观察其形态并进行保存(菌液: 甘油=1:1存放于−80 ℃)。
已活化两代的菌株在MRS液体培养基中37 ℃富集培养24 h,用DNA提取试剂盒提取DNA。引物为27F (5′-AACTGAGTTTGATCCT GGCTC-3′)和1492R (5′-TACGGTTACCTTGTT ACGACTT-3′)。PCR扩增体系(50 μL):模板DNA 2 μL,2×Taq PCR MasterMix Ⅱ 25 μL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各1.25 μL,ddH2O 20.5 μL。PCR扩增条件:94 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s;55 ℃退火30 s;72 ℃延伸90 s,共30个循环;72 ℃末端延伸10 min。将扩增产物送至华大基因测序,并在NCBI中进行同源性比对分析。
将筛选出的抑菌能力较强的菌株活化传代,以2%的体积分数接种于MRS液体培养基,以空白MRS液体培养基作为空白对照,每2 h测定一次菌液的pH值及OD600[9]
将活化好的乳杆菌37 ℃培养24 h后,4 ℃、6 000 r/min离心10 min,用0.1 mol/L KNO3 (pH 6.20)洗涤2次,然后重悬菌体,在600 nm处测量其初始吸光度A0。取3 mL菌悬液加入1 mL二甲苯,室温静置10 min,混匀静置15 min,吸取下层水相,以缓冲液为空白对照,在600 nm波长处测量吸光度A。乳杆菌的疏水能力[10]按照公式(1)计算。
式中:A0为初始吸光度,A为二甲苯处理后的吸光度。
将活化好的乳杆菌离心弃上清液,用0.01 mol/L PBS洗涤2次,调整菌悬液浓度为1×108 CFU/mL。取调整后的菌悬液在600 nm处测量吸光度,记为A1,取2 mL菌悬液在37 ℃静置培养2 h,测量在600 nm处测量吸光度,记为A2。乳杆菌的自凝集率[11]按照公式(2)计算。
式中:A1为初始吸光度,A2为静置后的吸光度。
按1.5.2调整乳杆菌的菌悬液,并且制备3株指示菌的菌悬液。取指示菌菌悬液1 mL与1 mL乳杆菌菌悬液混合,测定0 h及静置2 h后上层溶液的OD600值(分别记为A3A4)。乳杆菌的共凝集率[11]按照公式(3)计算。
式中:A3为0 h上层溶液的OD600A4静置2 h后上层溶液的OD600
将活化后的菌株按2%接种在厌氧管37 ℃培养48 h,然后在4 ℃、6 000 r/min离心10 min,0.22 μL滤膜过滤,所得即为CFS,4 ℃冰箱保存备用。
将大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌按1%接种,37 ℃、180 r/min培养12 h,4 ℃冰箱保存备用。将白假丝酵母按1%接种于沙氏葡萄糖培养基,28 ℃、100 r/min培养24 h制备菌悬液,调整菌体浓度为1×104 CFU/mL。
取适量指示菌加入50 ℃左右的LB培养基,使培养基中指示菌为1×106 CFU/mL,充分混匀后倒平板,将平板敞口放置在操作台90 min吹干凝固,随后将牛津杯放置于平板表面,加入200 μL CFS,冰箱4 ℃扩散12 h,最后37 ℃培养8−10 h观察其抑菌情况并测量抑菌圈直径[12]
96孔板每孔加入190 μL CFS以及10 μL指示菌悬液,用MRS代替CFS作为对照。在28 ℃培养48 h后于酶标仪580 nm处测定其吸光度。乳杆菌的抑菌活性以其对指示真菌的抑菌率[13]按照公式(4)计算。
式中:ODLAB为样品组的吸光度,ODControl为对照组的吸光度。
用0.2 mol/L的无菌NaOH调节CFS到pH 5.50,排除乳酸和乙酸的影响[14],调节好的CFS用0.22 μm水系滤膜过滤后进行抑菌实验。
将适量过氧化氢酶溶解于pH为7.00的PBS缓冲液中,得到一定浓度的过氧化氢酶母液。测定CFS的初始pH,调节CFS的pH为7.00,将过氧化氢酶母液加入CFS至最终浓度为5 mg/mL,37 ℃反应2 h,然后沸水浴5 min使酶灭活,将CFS的pH调节到初始pH[15],用0.22 μm水系滤膜过滤,进行抑菌实验。
本研究使用SPSS 22.0和Origin 2017进行数据分析及绘图。符合正态分布的计量资料采用“均数±标准差”表示,数据比较采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),并利用Duncan’s法检验处理间的差异显著性(P < 0.05)。
采用微生物传统分离方法,用MRS培养基从阴道样品中初步分离出5株疑似乳杆菌的菌株。对照菌株DM8909和5株分离菌株的菌落形态如图1所示,对照菌株DM8909的菌落为乳白色,表面光滑、隆起,边缘整齐,易挑起。Q2.1、BHC04和Q8.5的菌落为白色,表面干燥无光泽,扁平,边缘整齐,不易挑起。Q6.3和BHG05的菌落为乳白色,表面光滑、隆起,边缘整齐,易挑起。6株菌株的菌体形态如图2所示,对照菌株DM8909的菌落的菌体为较粗的杆状,Q2.1、BHC04和Q8.5的菌体为细长的杆状,Q6.3和BHG05的菌体为短杆状。
将16S rRNA基因鉴定结果在NCBI网站进行BLAST同源性对比,DM8909为德氏乳杆菌,Q2.1、BHC04和Q8.5为卷曲乳杆菌,Q6.3和BHG05为格氏乳杆菌。
菌株的生长曲线如图3所示,0−4 h时为菌株生长的延滞期,但菌株Q2.1、BHC04和BHG05增长较快,这3株乳杆菌延滞期较短,可见其适应环境能力强,4−12 h为对数生长期,除Q8.5外,各菌株迅速增长,20 h时除Q8.5外,其余菌株均已进入稳定生长期,Q8.5的对数生长期较长,在32 h基本稳定。在相同培养时间内,菌株BHC04和Q6.3的生长繁殖能力最强,最终菌液浓度最高。
乳杆菌培养液pH值变化与菌株的生长情况密切相关。菌株的生长曲线如图4所示,0−20 h pH随着菌体数目的增加而快速降低,24 h后随着培养时间的延长,导致代谢产物积累和营养物质消耗,使待测菌株的增殖速度受到明显抑制,pH值的下降速率减缓。在48 h时,比较发现BHG05、Q6.3和Q8.5的产酸能力较强,最终pH分别为3.90、3.80和4.03。
菌体表面的疏水性与黏附能力呈正相关关系[16],因此疏水能力常常用来评价乳杆菌的黏附性能。如图5所示,5株乳杆菌的表面疏水能力均显著高于对照菌株DM8909,说明5株菌均具有较强的疏水能力。卷曲乳杆菌BHC04和Q8.5的疏水能力最强,分别为94.26%和90.72%。另外发现,卷曲乳杆菌Q2.1、BHC04和Q8.5的疏水能力均在85.00%以上,格氏乳杆菌Q6.3和BHG05的疏水能力也无显著性差异,3株卷曲乳杆菌的疏水能力均显著高于2株格氏乳杆菌,这表明相同菌种的表面疏水能力可能相似,即菌株的疏水能力与菌种有关,由研究结果可以发现卷曲乳杆菌具有较强的表面疏水能力。
菌株的自凝集率如图6所示,6株菌的自凝集率均在40.00%以上,卷曲乳杆菌Q2.1、BHC04和Q8.5的自凝集率显著高于对照菌株,分别为75.75%、78.95%和87.99%。格氏乳杆菌BHG05的自凝集率为53.37%,显著高于对照菌株,格氏乳杆菌Q6.3的自凝集率为43.86%,显著低于对照菌株(DM8909为50.69%)。3株卷曲乳杆菌的自凝集率均显著高于2株格氏乳杆菌,因此可以推测菌株的自凝集率也与菌种有关,卷曲乳杆菌具有较强的自凝集率。
与大肠杆菌的共凝集率见图7A,卷曲乳杆菌Q2.1、BHC04和Q8.5的与大肠杆菌的共凝集率显著高于对照菌株,分别为58.24%、61.38%和69.11%。格氏乳杆菌BHG05与大肠杆菌的共凝集率为18.41%,显著高于对照菌株,Q6.3与大肠杆菌的共凝集率与对照菌株无显著性差异。与金黄色葡萄球菌的共凝集率见图7B,卷曲乳杆菌Q2.1、BHC04和Q8.5的与金黄色葡萄球菌的共凝集率显著高于对照菌株,分别为54.48%、56.43%和63.67%。格氏乳杆菌Q6.3和BHG05与金黄色葡萄球菌的共凝集率与对照菌株存在显著性差异,分别为17.27%和18.17%。与白假丝酵母的共凝集率见图7C,卷曲乳杆菌Q2.1、BHC04和Q8.5与白假丝酵母的共凝集率显著高于对照菌株,分别49.88%、67.21%和60.22%。格氏乳杆菌BHG05和Q6.3与白假丝酵母的共凝集率为21.14%和14.21%,显著高于对照菌株。3株卷曲乳杆菌与致病菌的共凝集率均显著高于2株格氏乳杆菌,可以推测菌株的共凝集率也与菌种有关,卷曲乳杆菌具有较强的共凝集率。综上所述,乳杆菌Q2.1、BHC04、Q8.5和BHG05均具有较强的黏附能力,而且黏附能力与乳杆菌种类有关,卷曲乳杆菌具有更强的黏附能力。
选取DM8908为阳性对照菌株,以乳酸链球菌素(nisin)为阳性对照[17],用牛津杯法以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌评价筛选菌株的抑菌能力。结果如表1所示,对大肠杆菌抑制能力较强的菌株依次为Q8.5 (25.00±2.18) mm、BHG05 (23.67±1.76) mm、BHC04 (23.50±1.50) mm、Q2.1 (21.83±2.02) mm和Q6.3 (21.00± 0.50) mm。对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制能力较强的菌株依次BHC04 (26.00±2.65) mm、Q6.3 (25.67±1.53) mm、BHG05 (25.00±1.00) mm、Q2.1 (23.67±3.21) mm和Q8.5 (22.17±2.02) mm。这5株菌产生抑菌圈的大小均在20.00 mm以上,其中BHC04、BHG05和Q8.5对大肠杆菌的抑制能力与对照菌株DM8909存在显著性差异,5株菌对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制能力显著高于阳性对照乳酸链球菌素。由图8可知,5株菌对大肠杆菌产生的抑菌圈透明且明显大于乳酸链球菌素,说明其抑菌潜力巨大。另外研究发现,这5株菌的CFS的pH均可达到pH 4.00以下,推测其抑菌能力可能与发酵液pH存在某种联系。
表2可知,BHG05对白假丝酵母的抑制能力显著高于阳性菌株DM8909,为(73.14±0.14)%。BHC04和Q8.5对白假丝酵母的抑制能力与DM8909无显著性差异,可达(72.80±0.30)%和(72.93±0.10)%。5株菌对白假丝酵母的抑制能力显著高于阳性对照乳酸链球菌素。综上所述,BHC04和BHG05对革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)、革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄菌)和真菌(白假丝酵母)均具有较强的抑制能力,选取BHC04和BHG05作为具有抑菌潜力的优质菌株。
表3可知,调节CFS的pH为5.50之后,CFS对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制能力消失,可推测6株乳酸菌主要通过产生有机酸发挥抑菌能力。然而也有研究表明抑菌类物质在酸性条件下发挥抑菌作用,可能调节pH破坏了抑菌成分[18]。CFS对白色念珠菌的抑菌能力见表3,对照菌株DM8909的抑制效果经酸排除后显著下降,说明对照菌株的抑菌效果大部分来自有机酸。5株乳酸菌CFS酸排除后抑菌效果均有下降,但抑制率仍保持在60.00%以上,菌株Q6.3和BHG05的CFS在pH 5.50时对白色念珠菌的抑菌率可达(70.12±1.67)%和(72.80±1.04)%,表明这5株乳酸菌可能分泌除有机酸以外的其他抑菌物质。
乳酸菌在发酵过程中不仅会产生乳酸、乙酸等有机酸,还会产生具有抑菌作用的过氧化氢[19]。乳酸菌自身不具备过氧化氢酶,这会致使环境中过氧化氢不断积累,抑制其他菌的生长[20]。由图9A9B可知,经过氧化氢酶处理过后,6株乳酸菌的抑菌能力在处理前后不存在显著性差异,推测可能是乳酸菌产生的过氧化氢较少,并且大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对过氧化氢不敏感。由图9C可知,6株乳酸菌的CFS对白色念珠菌的抑制能力在处理前后均存在显著性差异,这说明白色念珠菌对过氧化氢更敏感。嗜酸乳杆菌及保加利亚乳杆菌在生长繁殖过程中产生的过氧化氢可以抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、荧光假单胞杆菌及大肠杆菌等常见致病菌的活性[21-22]
本文采用传统微生物分离方法,从健康女性阴道样品中分离得到5株乳杆菌,其中3株卷曲乳杆菌和2株格氏乳杆菌。研究发现,5株乳杆菌均具有良好的生长繁殖能力,延滞期短,20 h即可达到生长稳定期,并且5株菌均具有良好的产酸能力,其中BHG05、Q6.3和Q8.5的产酸能力可达3.80−4.03,乳杆菌可以通过分解糖原产生乳酸,增加阴道酸度,降低阴道的pH值,从而抑制有害微生物在阴道内的定殖[23]。乳杆菌的黏附能力主要从表面疏水性、自凝集率及与病原菌的共凝集率这3个方面进行评价[11]。细菌的黏附能力在衡量菌株抵抗病原菌的入侵、平衡肠道菌群以及免疫调节宿主生物活性等功能中扮演着一个重要的角色[24],乳杆菌的黏附作用被认为是发挥抑菌作用的前提。乳杆菌可通过黏附素与上皮细胞表面的受体结合定殖于细胞表面并占据空间位置,与病原菌形成位置竞争和营养物质竞争,进而阻止病原菌的黏附和侵袭,抑制病原菌的大量繁殖[25]。乳杆菌的自聚集率与菌株黏附定殖能力有关,是乳杆菌发挥生理功能、免疫调节和生物拮抗等作用的必要条件[26]。乳杆菌自聚集率越强,其对上皮细胞的黏附能力则越强[27]。共聚集率较强的乳杆菌可以防止致病菌黏附到阴道上皮,从而达到抑菌的效果。对5株乳杆菌的黏附作用进行评价,发现Q2.1、BHC04和Q8.5的表面疏水性、自凝集率及与病原菌的共凝集率均高于对照菌株,另外本研究发现,卷曲乳杆菌的表面疏水性、自凝集率及与病原菌的共凝集率显著高于格氏乳杆菌,推测乳杆菌的黏附能力与菌株的种属相关。益生菌黏附机体上皮细胞后,可以通过分泌有机酸、抗菌肽等物质来抑制微生物[28]。需氧性阴道炎主要由大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌这些需氧菌引起,外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的主要病原体为白假丝酵母[29]。本研究分离的5株乳杆菌对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白假丝酵母均具有较强的抑制能力,综合比较筛选出BHC04和BHG05为具有抑菌潜力的优质菌株。5株乳酸菌主要通过产生有机酸和过氧化氢发挥抑菌作用。
阴道微生态菌群的平衡主要是以乳杆菌菌群来维持的,其中以卷曲乳杆菌、詹氏乳杆菌、格氏乳杆菌和惰性乳杆菌等益生乳杆菌构成。乳杆菌作为阴道微生态中的优势菌群,不仅可以维持阴道微生态健康,而且起到预防阴道感染的作用,在抵御病原微生物的入侵中发挥着不可替代的作用[23]。乳杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质或与病原菌竞争等方式来抑制病原菌的增殖[30]。乳杆菌还可通过参与机体免疫调节,促进抗炎因子IL-1RA的分泌,抑制IL-6、IL-8等促炎因子的分泌,维持免疫平衡,恢复阴道微生态健康[31]。研究表明乳杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质(有机酸、过氧化氢、细菌素),自动聚集作用以及竞争阴道上皮中的营养物质和黏附位置等作用抑制体内病原体的过度繁殖[32],维持女性生殖道系统稳定。
20世纪80年代我国就成功研发出用于治疗阴道炎的阴道乳酸菌活菌制剂——定君生,目前已经广泛应用于临床且具备良好的治疗效果,是治疗女性细菌性阴道疾病的理想药物[33]。乳杆菌作为一种女性益生菌已被用于预防阴道炎症和调节阴道微生态系统。然而,目前国内可供选择的女性益生菌产品种类有限,因此开发能够预防和治疗女性生殖道疾病,改善阴道微环境,增强女性生殖健康的乳酸菌制剂是十分必要和紧迫的[34]。本研究从健康成年女性阴道分离出5株乳杆菌,初步研究结果表明其具有较好的黏附特性和抑菌能力,未来有望将应用于女性微生态制剂领域。然而,本研究还不够深入,还需要体内和临床试验去验证其抑菌效果。不同乳杆菌菌种、菌株之间的生物学功能不尽相同[35],筛选出的菌株的安全性与无毒性检测等还需进一步验证。目前,国内、外关于微生态制剂的报道也主要是抑制细菌性阴道炎,还未见抑制真菌性阴道炎的妇科用微生态制剂,本研究筛选出的菌株可以抑制大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白假丝酵母,有望解决需氧性和真菌性阴道炎,这不仅可以提高妇女生活质量,还可带动相关产业发展,为社会创造更大的经济和社会效益。
  • 河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)(222102110080)
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240279
  • 接收时间:2024-05-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-08-23
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-05
  • 录用日期:2024-08-21
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Key Research and Development and Promotion Specialties of Henan (Scientific and Technological Offensive)(222102110080)
河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)(222102110080)
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    1 河南工业大学 粮油食品学院, 河南 郑州 450001
    2 郑州金百合生物工程有限公司, 河南 郑州 450001

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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