Article(id=1242119549202530587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242119544966283483, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240286, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715011200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1726156800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-09-13, onlineDate=1774073977994, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1726243200000, pubDateStr=2024-09-14, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774073977994, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774073977994, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774073977994, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242119544966283483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='11', pageStart='4011', pageEnd='4465', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774073976985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774074072279, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242119944725397854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242119544966283483, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242119944725397855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242119544966283483, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4262, endPage=4270, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242119550532125032, articleId=1242119549202530587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on the regulation of the lifespan and autophagy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by PMT1, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To study the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on the regulation of the lifespan and autophagy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the protein O-mannosyltransferase 1 (PMT1). [Methods] The double deletion strain (pho8Δ60 pmt1Δ) was constructed based on the genetic homologous recombination. The daughter cells produced by the mother cell of the PMT1-deleted yeast strain (pmt1Δ) treated with tunicamycin (inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress) were counted under a light microscope, and the replicative lifespan of the strain was examined. A microplate reader was used to measure the alkaline phosphatase activity of the pho8Δ60 pmt1Δ strain in the SD-N medium (for inducing autophagy). Western blotting was employed to determine the expression level of the autophagy marker Atg8 in the presence of tunicamycin. The transcript levels of autophagy-related genes ATG1 and ATG8 in the pmt1Δ strain treated with tunicamycin were determined by RT-qPCR. [Results] The replicative lifespan of the pmt1Δ strain was shortened by 38.7%, while the alkaline phosphatase activity of pmt1Δ strain was increased compared with those of the wild type in the presence of tunicamycin. The expression levels of GFP-Atg8 fusion protein and free GFP in the pmt1Δ strain were up-regulated with the increase in the concentration of tunicamycin. The transcript levels of ATG1 and ATG8 were up-regulated in the pmt1Δ strain treated with tunicamycin. [Conclusion] Endoplasmic reticulum stress impairs the replicative lifespan and enhances the autophagy of PMT1-deleted yeast cells.

, correspAuthors=Xiaofei PANG, Hongjing CUI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*PANG Xiaofei, E-mail:
CUI Hongjing, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaojing CUI, Di YUAN, Xiaodi YANG, Hengheng ZHANG, Wenbin GUAN, Junfang WANG, Xiaofei PANG, Hongjing CUI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1242119551782027730, articleId=1242119549202530587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=内质网应激反应在PMT1基因调控酿酒酵母细胞寿命和自噬中的作用, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】研究内质网应激反应在酿酒酵母蛋白O-甘露糖基转移酶-1 (protein O-mannosyltransferase-1, pmt1)基因调控细胞寿命和自噬中的作用。【方法】基于基因同源重组的原理,构建双基因缺失菌株(pho8Δ60 pmt1Δ)。在光学显微镜下计数PMT1基因缺失酵母菌株(pmt1Δ)在衣霉素(内质网应激诱导剂)培养条件下的母细胞产生子代细胞的数量,统计菌株的复制性寿命。在SD-N培养中(自噬诱导培养基),通过酶标仪检测pho8Δ60 pmt1Δ菌株的碱性磷酸酶活性。在衣霉素培养条件下,通过Western blotting检测细胞自噬标签Atg8蛋白的表达水平;通过RT-qPCR检测pmt1Δ菌株中自噬相关基因ATG1ATG8的表达情况。【结果】在衣霉素培养条件下,pmt1Δ菌株的复制性寿命缩短38.7%,差异有统计学意义;PMT1基因缺失酵母菌株的碱性磷酸酶活性上升;随衣霉素浓度增加,pmt1Δ菌株中融合蛋白GFP-Atg8和游离GFP蛋白的表达水平逐渐升高;在衣霉素培养条件下,pmt1Δ菌株中ATG1ATG8基因表达上调。【结论】内质网应激反应减弱了PMT1基因缺失酵母细胞复制性寿命,增强了细胞自噬活性。

, correspAuthors=庞晓飞, 崔红晶, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=oVz9m0aapIeWgtZmB+ixxw==, magXml=mvNYqvyo/NRlFxTTJ7JMPA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=4ZlNxFAA2TfXVg5u3LSKtQ==, pdfFileSize=797521, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=hqbiS5gr92z6ai+LhfzbjQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=AY0rIMpZmlB0OTUhJsCPAw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=崔晓静, 袁頔, 杨晓迪, 张恒恒, 管文斌, 王俊芳, 庞晓飞, 崔红晶)}, authors=[Author(id=1243291002472083858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119549202530587, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1243291002585330077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119549202530587, authorId=1243291002472083858, language=EN, stringName=Xiaojing CUI, firstName=Xiaojing, middleName=null, lastName=CUI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
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journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119549202530587, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The electrophoresis of the pho8Δ60 gene disruption cassette (A) and verification of the pho8Δ60 pmt1Δ strain by PCR (B). M: DNA marker; 1: The disruption cassette (A) and PCR products of the genomic DNA of the pho8Δ60 pmt1Δ strain; 2: PCR products of the genomic DNA of the BY4742 strain., figureFileSmall=t3JtSggCIhK37Aiql+zKnw==, figureFileBig=/WyewQ1X2SN5hlD3lFBrcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291006834160379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119549202530587, language=CN, label=图1, caption=pho8Δ60基因破坏元件电泳图(A)及PCR鉴定pho8Δ60 pmt1Δ菌株电泳图(B), figureFileSmall=t3JtSggCIhK37Aiql+zKnw==, figureFileBig=/WyewQ1X2SN5hlD3lFBrcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291007039681294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119549202530587, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The replicative lifespan (RLS) curves of the BY4742 and pmt1Δ strains. BY4742: The control strain. Mean RLS is shown in parentheses, and "n" is the number of mother cells scored., figureFileSmall=z30woxOCa2sGn4dYB8TkvA==, figureFileBig=xaiKZxxOfdj1SrTJ91CR2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291007131955993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119549202530587, language=CN, label=图2, caption=野生型和pmt1Δ菌株的复制性寿命曲线图, figureFileSmall=z30woxOCa2sGn4dYB8TkvA==, figureFileBig=xaiKZxxOfdj1SrTJ91CR2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291007228424992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119549202530587, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Alkaline phosphatase activity were detected in the pmt1Δ strain. *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01., figureFileSmall=8H9DI409c8MrdUJ32A6aBQ==, figureFileBig=HUpvLEU8JLrAC501GJAM+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291007341671207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119549202530587, language=CN, label=图3, caption=pmt1Δ菌株中的碱性磷酸酶活性, figureFileSmall=8H9DI409c8MrdUJ32A6aBQ==, figureFileBig=HUpvLEU8JLrAC501GJAM+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291007526220595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119549202530587, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Relative protein expression levels of GFP-Atg8 fusion in the yeast strains. A: Protein expression levels of GFP-Atg8 fusion and free GFP in the yeast strains treated with tunicamycin. B: The gray values of the fusion protein GFP-Atg8. C: The gray values of the free protein GFP. G6PDH: Control antibody. *: P < 0.05. **: P < 0.01. The data represent the mean±SD (n=3), figureFileSmall=Q1QWSQL0QlDIc9+YzI/exg==, figureFileBig=KyuD2JvpAslhe4JjFjiSrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291007656244029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119549202530587, language=CN, label=图4, caption=酵母菌株中融合蛋白GFP-Atg8的表达水平, figureFileSmall=Q1QWSQL0QlDIc9+YzI/exg==, figureFileBig=KyuD2JvpAslhe4JjFjiSrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291007744324421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119549202530587, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Relative mRNA expression levels of autophagy-related genes ATG1 and ATG8 in the yeast strains. The data represent the mean±SD (n=3). *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01., figureFileSmall=EQTosL054UDqvwz8L55+xw==, figureFileBig=ecAUMoaV7k50pMRtayS4Aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291007836599119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119549202530587, language=CN, label=图5, caption=自噬相关基因ATG1ATG8在酵母菌株中的转录表达水平, figureFileSmall=EQTosL054UDqvwz8L55+xw==, figureFileBig=ecAUMoaV7k50pMRtayS4Aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291007945651028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119549202530587, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primers name序列Sequences (5′→3′)
pho8Δ60-box-FTATCAGCATACGGGACATTATTTGAACGCGCATTAGCAGCAGATTGTACTGAGAGTGCAC
pho8Δ60-box-RTCACGAAGAATATGACATTCTTCTTCTTGTGTGATGCAGACTGTGCGGTATTTCACACCG
pho8Δ60-RT-FATGATGACTCACACATTACC
pho8Δ60-RT-RACGTAATGCAAAACTGCTTG
ATG1-RT-FGGGTCTAGGCGACCATCTTT
ATG1-RT-RAGTTTGACTGTACGGTGGGG
ATG8-RT-FTGTCAATGATACTTTGCCACCTACT
ATG8-RT-RATTTCGATTTTAGATGTTAACGCTTC
RPR8-RT-FTCATGGCTGCGTCTGAAGTA
RPR8-RT-RGGCACCGTTATTAGCAGCAT
), ArticleFig(id=1243291008063091553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119549202530587, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primers name序列Sequences (5′→3′)
pho8Δ60-box-FTATCAGCATACGGGACATTATTTGAACGCGCATTAGCAGCAGATTGTACTGAGAGTGCAC
pho8Δ60-box-RTCACGAAGAATATGACATTCTTCTTCTTGTGTGATGCAGACTGTGCGGTATTTCACACCG
pho8Δ60-RT-FATGATGACTCACACATTACC
pho8Δ60-RT-RACGTAATGCAAAACTGCTTG
ATG1-RT-FGGGTCTAGGCGACCATCTTT
ATG1-RT-RAGTTTGACTGTACGGTGGGG
ATG8-RT-FTGTCAATGATACTTTGCCACCTACT
ATG8-RT-RATTTCGATTTTAGATGTTAACGCTTC
RPR8-RT-FTCATGGCTGCGTCTGAAGTA
RPR8-RT-RGGCACCGTTATTAGCAGCAT
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内质网应激反应在PMT1基因调控酿酒酵母细胞寿命和自噬中的作用
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崔晓静 1, 2, 3 , 袁頔 4 , 杨晓迪 1, 3 , 张恒恒 2 , 管文斌 1, 3 , 王俊芳 5 , 庞晓飞 6, * , 崔红晶 1, 5, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(11): 4262-4270
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(11): 4262-4270
内质网应激反应在PMT1基因调控酿酒酵母细胞寿命和自噬中的作用
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崔晓静1, 2, 3, 袁頔4, 杨晓迪1, 3, 张恒恒2, 管文斌1, 3, 王俊芳5, 庞晓飞6, * , 崔红晶1, 5, *
作者信息
  • 1 广东省医学免疫与分子诊断重点实验室, 广东 东莞 523808
  • 2 广东医科大学附属东莞第一医院检验医学科, 广东 东莞 523808
  • 3 广东医科大学 医学技术学院, 广东 东莞 523808
  • 4 广东医科大学 第二临床医学院, 广东 东莞 523808
  • 5 广东医科大学 基础医学院, 广东 东莞 523808
  • 6 山东省第二人民医院儿科, 山东 济南 250022
Effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on the regulation of the lifespan and autophagy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by PMT1
Xiaojing CUI1, 2, 3, Di YUAN4, Xiaodi YANG1, 3, Hengheng ZHANG2, Wenbin GUAN1, 3, Junfang WANG5, Xiaofei PANG6, * , Hongjing CUI1, 5, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
  • 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
  • 3 School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
  • 4 The Second Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
  • 5 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
  • 6 Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
出版时间: 2024-09-14 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240286
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【目的】研究内质网应激反应在酿酒酵母蛋白O-甘露糖基转移酶-1 (protein O-mannosyltransferase-1, pmt1)基因调控细胞寿命和自噬中的作用。【方法】基于基因同源重组的原理,构建双基因缺失菌株(pho8Δ60 pmt1Δ)。在光学显微镜下计数PMT1基因缺失酵母菌株(pmt1Δ)在衣霉素(内质网应激诱导剂)培养条件下的母细胞产生子代细胞的数量,统计菌株的复制性寿命。在SD-N培养中(自噬诱导培养基),通过酶标仪检测pho8Δ60 pmt1Δ菌株的碱性磷酸酶活性。在衣霉素培养条件下,通过Western blotting检测细胞自噬标签Atg8蛋白的表达水平;通过RT-qPCR检测pmt1Δ菌株中自噬相关基因ATG1ATG8的表达情况。【结果】在衣霉素培养条件下,pmt1Δ菌株的复制性寿命缩短38.7%,差异有统计学意义;PMT1基因缺失酵母菌株的碱性磷酸酶活性上升;随衣霉素浓度增加,pmt1Δ菌株中融合蛋白GFP-Atg8和游离GFP蛋白的表达水平逐渐升高;在衣霉素培养条件下,pmt1Δ菌株中ATG1ATG8基因表达上调。【结论】内质网应激反应减弱了PMT1基因缺失酵母细胞复制性寿命,增强了细胞自噬活性。

酿酒酵母  /  衣霉素  /  内质网应激  /  自噬  /  PMT1

[Objective] To study the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on the regulation of the lifespan and autophagy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the protein O-mannosyltransferase 1 (PMT1). [Methods] The double deletion strain (pho8Δ60 pmt1Δ) was constructed based on the genetic homologous recombination. The daughter cells produced by the mother cell of the PMT1-deleted yeast strain (pmt1Δ) treated with tunicamycin (inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress) were counted under a light microscope, and the replicative lifespan of the strain was examined. A microplate reader was used to measure the alkaline phosphatase activity of the pho8Δ60 pmt1Δ strain in the SD-N medium (for inducing autophagy). Western blotting was employed to determine the expression level of the autophagy marker Atg8 in the presence of tunicamycin. The transcript levels of autophagy-related genes ATG1 and ATG8 in the pmt1Δ strain treated with tunicamycin were determined by RT-qPCR. [Results] The replicative lifespan of the pmt1Δ strain was shortened by 38.7%, while the alkaline phosphatase activity of pmt1Δ strain was increased compared with those of the wild type in the presence of tunicamycin. The expression levels of GFP-Atg8 fusion protein and free GFP in the pmt1Δ strain were up-regulated with the increase in the concentration of tunicamycin. The transcript levels of ATG1 and ATG8 were up-regulated in the pmt1Δ strain treated with tunicamycin. [Conclusion] Endoplasmic reticulum stress impairs the replicative lifespan and enhances the autophagy of PMT1-deleted yeast cells.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae  /  tunicamycin  /  endoplasmic reticulum stress  /  autophagy  /  PMT1
崔晓静, 袁頔, 杨晓迪, 张恒恒, 管文斌, 王俊芳, 庞晓飞, 崔红晶. 内质网应激反应在PMT1基因调控酿酒酵母细胞寿命和自噬中的作用. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (11) : 4262 -4270 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240286
Xiaojing CUI, Di YUAN, Xiaodi YANG, Hengheng ZHANG, Wenbin GUAN, Junfang WANG, Xiaofei PANG, Hongjing CUI. Effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on the regulation of the lifespan and autophagy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by PMT1[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (11) : 4262 -4270 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240286
内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress, ERS)通过激活未折叠蛋白反应(unfolded protein response, UPR)信号通路[1],增强内质网处理未折叠或错误折叠蛋白质的能力,缓解应激压力,有助于重建或维持细胞内环境稳态,该细胞保护性信号级联反应过程在衰老和衰老相关疾病中具有重要作用[1-2]。当ERS反应较轻时,UPR信号通路通过启动自噬(autophagy),进而恢复内质网稳态,有利于细胞存活[3];当ERS反应持续存在或过强时,过度诱导的自噬或激活的凋亡通路会促使细胞死亡[3]。自噬是细胞内的一种生理活动,在多种应激条件下也是保护细胞和维持体内平衡的一种重要的机制[4-5]
酿酒酵母作为研究细胞寿命的理想模式生物,具有基因操作简便,寿命周期短等优点[6]。酿酒酵母蛋白O-甘露糖基转移酶家族(protein O-mannosyltransferases, PMTs)中的PMT1基因可以启动O-甘露糖基多聚糖的组装,参与蛋白质修饰、维持细胞壁和细胞内的稳定性[7]。本课题组前期研究发现,缺失PMT1基因可延长酵母细胞的复制性寿命,其机制与ERS诱导的UPR信号通路活性和细胞自噬活性相关[8-9],这提示酵母细胞内蛋白质动态平衡在PMT1基因调控细胞寿命过程中发挥重要作用,但有关内质网应激反应在PMT1基因调控酵母细胞寿命和自噬中的具体作用,以及可能机制还未知,因此,本研究进一步探究内质网应激反应在PMT1基因调控酵母细胞寿命和自噬中的作用,探讨可能的细胞机制。
本研究所用的质粒pRS306为低拷贝穿梭载体,在大肠杆菌中具有氨苄青霉素抗性,带有Ura3营养筛选标签。单倍体酿酒酵母BY4742由美国华盛顿大学Matt Kaeberlein博士惠赠,过表达Atg8蛋白的酵母菌株BY4742Atg8pmt1ΔAtg8为衰老研究所保存[8],双基因缺失酵母菌株(pho8Δ60 pmt1Δ)为本研究构建。
酵母YPD、SD和SD-N等培养基参考文献[8-9]配制。
衣霉素(tunicamycin)购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;Western、IP细胞裂解液和碱性磷酸酶检测试剂盒购自上海碧云天生物技术股份有限公司;GFP抗体购自Santa Cruz Biotechnology公司;G6PDH抗体购自西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司;荧光定量PCR试剂盒购自宝日医生物技术(北京)有限公司。引物(表1)由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。
多功能酶标仪,伯腾仪器有限公司(BioTek公司);凝胶成像系统,Bio-Techne公司;荧光化学发光仪,Azure Biosystems公司。
双基因缺失菌株的构建方法参考文献[10],反应体系按照试剂说明书进行。以pho8Δ60-RT-F和pho8Δ60-RT-R为PCR引物,质粒pRS306为模板,扩增产物为pho8Δ60破坏元件(含URA3基因编码序列)。采用醋酸锂方法将破坏元件转化酵母细胞感受态(pmt1Δ菌株),PCR方法验证阳性克隆酵母菌株。
酵母细胞复制性寿命的检测方法按照参考文献[11]进行。在光学显微镜下分离、记录酵母母细胞在0.25 μg/mL衣霉素的寿命平板产生子细胞的个数,统计绘制复制性寿命曲线图。
酵母细胞液泡中的碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)由PHO8基因编码,通常将缺失包括跨膜区在内的60个氨基酸残基编码的蛋白命名为Pho8Δ60,它到达液泡的唯一途径是自噬[12]。将pho8Δ60酵母菌株和pho8Δ60 pmt1Δ酵母菌株培养至对数生长期,重悬浮于3 mL SD-N培养基中(不含氨基酸和硫氨酸的酵母氮基)培养6 h。提取酵母细胞总蛋白,BCA试剂盒检测蛋白浓度,碱性磷酸酶检测试剂盒测定ALP活性。检测方法均严格按照相应试剂盒说明书进行。
通过Western blotting技术检测酵母细胞中融合蛋白GFP-Atg8的表达水平。酵母菌株BY4742Atg8pmt1ΔAtg8分别接种于3 mL YPD液体培养基中,培养至对数生长期后(OD600约为0.6−0.8),加入30 μL 200 μg/mL衣霉素分别培养1 h和3 h。收集菌液,加入约0.2 g酸洗珠子、IP裂解液和蛋白酶抑制剂,涡旋10 s、冰浴20 s,持续30 min,提取酵母细胞总蛋白。12% PAGE胶电泳,单克隆抗体GFP蛋白杂交,兔多克隆抗体G6PDH为内参对照,荧光化学发光仪显色。
取等量(OD600约为0.1)的酵母菌株,置于含或不含2 μg/mL衣霉素的液体培养基中培养1 h,提取酵母细胞总RNA、反转录成cDNA、RT-qPCR均按照试剂盒说明书进行。RT-qPCR检测自噬相关基因(ATG1ATG8)的转录水平,PRP8基因作为内参。
采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析。两组间比较采用t检验进行分析。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
本研究在pmt1Δ酵母菌株的基础上,进一步缺失pho8Δ60基因,构建pho8Δ60 pmt1Δ酵母菌株。图1A所示,PHO8基因破坏元件大小为1 232 bp,与预期大小相符;图1B所示,以pho8Δ60-box-F和pho8Δ60-box-R为引物,以阳性克隆菌株基因组DNA为模板,PCR产物与预期大小相符。研究结果说明,pho8Δ60pmt1Δ (pho8Δ60: : URA3 pmt1: : LEU2)菌株构建成功。
衣霉素是一种核苷类抗生素,它可以阻碍蛋白质的糖基化修饰过程,引起未折叠蛋白质堆积增加,诱导内质网应激反应[13]。本研究为进一步研究内质网应激反应在长寿命pmt1Δ菌株参与细胞寿命调控中的作用,采用在显微镜下计数BY4742和pmt1Δ菌株在衣霉素(0.25 μg/mL)培养条件下的母细胞产生子代细胞的数量,绘制复制性寿命曲线图。如图2所示,BY4742和pmt1Δ菌株的平均寿命均明显缩短,与其在YPD培养条件的寿命比较,分别缩短14.6%和56.4%;在衣霉素培养条件下,BY4742菌株的平均寿命约19.9代,pmt1Δ菌株的寿命约12.2代,缩短38.7%,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。以上结果说明,衣霉素明显缩短BY4742菌株和pmt1Δ菌株的复制性寿命,对pmt1Δ菌株的影响作用更显著。
通过测定碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,研究pmt1∆酵母细胞中的细胞自噬水平。如图3所示,在YPD培养条件下,与BY4742菌株中的ALP活性比较,pmt1Δ菌株中的ALP活性上调;在自噬诱导培养条件下(SD-N培养基),两种菌株中的ALP活性均升高,pmt1Δ菌株中的ALP活性升高更显著。这说明,缺失PMT1基因上调酵母细胞中碱性磷酸酶的活性,在自噬培养条件下,碱性磷酸酶的活性上调更显著。
通过检测酵母菌株在衣霉素培养条件下融合蛋白GFP-Atg8的表达水平,研究pmt1∆酵母细胞在内质网应激条件下的自噬活性。如图4所示,随着衣霉素培养时间延长,pmt1∆菌株中的游离蛋白GFP占总蛋白的比例增加,显著高于BY4742菌株(P < 0.01)。以上结果提示,衣霉素诱导pmt1Δ菌株中融合蛋白GFP-Atg8和游离蛋白GFP表达上调。
通过RT-qPCR检测参与自噬相关基因ATG1ATG8的转录表达水平,进一步研究pmt1∆酵母细胞在内质网应激条件下的自噬活性。结果显示,在YPD培养条件下,与BY4742菌株中的ATG1ATG8基因表达水平比较,pmt1∆菌株中的自噬相关基因表达上调;在衣霉素培养条件下,pmt1∆菌株中ATG1ATG8基因表达水平显著上调(图5)。因此,在衣霉素培养条件下,缺失PMT1基因诱导自噬相关基因ATG1ATG8的表达上调。
内质网应激和细胞自噬通过调控细胞内蛋白质的动态平衡,在生物体生长发育、细胞程序性死亡、抑制肿瘤和调控寿命等方面发挥着非常重要的作用[14]。激活内质网应激,提高自噬作用效率,使得细胞内累积的受损蛋白质或细胞器明显减少,促进细胞存活;反之,聚集的毒性蛋白质超出细胞的承载能力,引起细胞衰老和衰老等相关疾病发生或发展。
在内质网应激过程中,激活的未折叠蛋白反应通路诱导伴侣蛋白等表达上调,下调错误折叠蛋白堆积,激活细胞自噬[15]。本研究以衣霉素为内质网应激反应诱导剂,研究内质网应激在PMT1基因调控酵母细胞寿命中的作用,探讨其相关机制。在衣霉素培养条件下,pmt1Δ菌株的复制性寿命明显缩短。这提示衣霉素诱导的内质网应激反应可能导致长寿命pmt1Δ菌株细胞的增殖能力减弱,寿命缩短。这一结果与以往报道相似,持续存在的内质网应激会使得细胞保护性UPR变成细胞毒性[16]。持续存在的ERS超出细胞自身处理能力,为保护其他细胞或细胞内其他代谢的正常功能,机体将会启动细胞自噬,过度激活的自噬会导致细胞死亡[17]
碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性测定是当前相对精确的研究非选择性细胞自噬水平的定量方法[18]。去除N-末端60个氨基酸的Pho8Δ60蛋白以非活性酶原的形式分散在整个细胞质中。当非选择性细胞自噬发生时,包裹进自噬体的Pho8Δ60蛋白运送至液泡,被激活为有活性的碱性磷酸酶。为研究pmt1Δ菌株的自噬活性,本研究在pmt1Δ酵母细胞的基础上,进一步缺失pho8Δ60基因,成功构建pho8Δ60 pmt1Δ双基因缺失菌株。研究发现缺失PMT1基因诱导酵母细胞内碱性磷酸酶活性上调,且在自噬培养条件下,碱性磷酸酶的活性升高更显著。这提示,缺失PMT1基因诱导酵母细胞中非选择性自噬活性显著上调。研究发现pmt1Δ菌株中融合蛋白GFP-Atg8和游离蛋白GFP的表达水平升高,也进一步证实本研究前期关于PMT1基因在选择性自噬活性中的作用研究[8]
为进一步研究内质网应激反应对pmt1Δ菌株细胞自噬活性的作用,本研究检测pmt1Δ菌株在衣霉素培养条件下的融合蛋白GFP-Atg8的表达情况。研究发现,随着衣霉素培养时间的延长,pmt1Δ菌株中的游离蛋白GFP占总蛋白的比例增加;在转录水平上,衣霉素诱导pmt1Δ菌株中的ATG1ATG8基因表达上调。研究结果说明,衣霉素增强了pmt1Δ菌株的自噬活性。本研究结果与以往研究报道相一致,内皮细胞摄取细颗粒物(PM2.5)引发内质网应激反应,进而诱导细胞自噬[19]。在酵母内质网自噬过程中,Atg1控制自噬体的形成[20],Atg8参与自噬体膜的扩张[21]。自噬相关蛋白Atg39和Atg40能将内质网装载到自噬体中[22]。哺乳动物中的FAM134B和RTN3蛋白都能在体外驱动饥饿诱导的内质网自噬[23]。酵母细胞内质网应激既激活内质网自噬,又诱导巨自噬,两种自噬过程可以独立运行,又相互协调[24]。亨廷顿病和帕金森病的实验模型表明,内质网应激诱导的自噬增强细胞清除polyQ和α-synuclein等聚集物能力,促进细胞存活[25-26]。自噬激活的最终转归取决于多种因素,包括刺激强度、细胞类型和细胞环境等,适度的自噬活性有利于细胞生存和发育,过度激活会导致细胞死亡。因此,ERS和自噬之间可能存在相互诱导和协同作用。
综上所述,内质网应激反应诱导剂衣霉素缩短pmt1Δ菌株的复制性寿命,激活酵母细胞自噬活性;无论是内质网应激还是细胞自噬,适度的激活寿命相关调控通路对细胞寿命是有益的,持续存在的激活会超出细胞承载能力,最终导致细胞死亡。然而,有关内质网应激和细胞自噬两者在pmt1Δ菌株调控细胞寿命中相互关系和具体机制还有待进一步研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金(31701050)
  • 广东省自然科学基金(2022A1515010816)
  • 广东省医学科研基金(A2022368)
  • 广东医科大学博士启动项目(B2017014)
  • 广东医科大学校级大学生创新创业训练计划(ZCDS002)
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2024年第64卷第11期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240286
  • 接收时间:2024-05-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-09-14
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-07
  • 录用日期:2024-09-13
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701050)
国家自然科学基金(31701050)
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022A1515010816)
广东省自然科学基金(2022A1515010816)
Guangdong Medical Research Foundation(A2022368)
广东省医学科研基金(A2022368)
Doctoral Research Start-up Fund Project of Guangdong Medical University(B2017014)
广东医科大学博士启动项目(B2017014)
Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Student of Guangdong Medical University(ZCDS002)
广东医科大学校级大学生创新创业训练计划(ZCDS002)
作者信息
    1 广东省医学免疫与分子诊断重点实验室, 广东 东莞 523808
    2 广东医科大学附属东莞第一医院检验医学科, 广东 东莞 523808
    3 广东医科大学 医学技术学院, 广东 东莞 523808
    4 广东医科大学 第二临床医学院, 广东 东莞 523808
    5 广东医科大学 基础医学院, 广东 东莞 523808
    6 山东省第二人民医院儿科, 山东 济南 250022

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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