Article(id=1242119545717063903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242119544966283483, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240267, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1714147200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1723046400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-08-08, onlineDate=1774073977163, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1723132800000, pubDateStr=2024-08-09, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774073977163, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774073977163, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774073977163, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242119544966283483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='11', pageStart='4011', pageEnd='4465', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774073976985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774074072279, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242119944725397854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242119544966283483, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242119944725397855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242119544966283483, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4219, endPage=4233, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242119546170048738, articleId=1242119545717063903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Noise affects microbial communities on loess slopes, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To investigate the changes of microbial communities on loess slopes with different noise conditions under the influences of temperature and time. [Methods] Based on the changes in soil phosphate content, the noise was determined at 70, 90, and 110 dB. The microbial communities presented variations along the temperature gradients of −5, 15, and 35 ℃ and the noise duration of 2, 4, and 6 h. Subsequently, metagenomic sequencing was carried out for the soil microbial communities. [Results] At the phylum level, Actinobacteria, Mucoromycota, Thermoproteota, and Myxococcota showed differences in the relative abundance among groups (P < 0.05). At the genus level, Arthrobacter, Rhizophagus, Pseudarthrobacter, Actinomadura, Kocuria, Rubrobacter, and Corynebacterium demonstrated different relative abundance among groups (P < 0.05). At the species level, there were significant differences in the relative abundance of Rhizophagus irregularis, Actinomadura sp. WMMB 499, Rubrobacter tropicus, Arthrobacter sp. PGP41, Arthrobacter sp. 24S4 2, and Arthrobacter crystallopoietes among groups (P < 0.05). [Conclusion] Different noise environments have significant effects on the relative abundance of soil microorganisms at the phylum, genus, and species levels.

, correspAuthors=Li CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*CHEN Li, E-mail:
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【目的】探讨不同噪音下黄土边坡土壤微生物在温度和时间影响下的变化。【方法】通过测定土壤磷酸盐含量变化,确定噪音分贝在70、90、110 dB,温度在−5、15、35 ℃,噪音时间在2、4、6 h的条件下,土壤微生物群落的变化。随后对土壤微生物进行宏基因组学测序。【结果】门水平上,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota)、热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)和黏球菌门(Myxococcota)组间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。属水平上,节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、根孢囊霉属(Rhizophagus)、假节杆菌属(Pseudarthrobacter)、马杜拉放线菌属(Actinomadura)、考克氏菌属(Kocuria)、红色杆形菌属(Rubrobacter)和棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium)组间存在显著差异(P < 0.05);种水平上,Rhizophagus irregularisActinomadura sp. WMMB 499、热带红色杆形菌(Rubrobacter tropicus)、Arthrobacter sp. PGP41、Arthrobacter sp. 24S4 2和Arthrobacter crystallopoietes组间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。【结论】不同噪音环境对门、属、种分类水平下的土壤微生物均具有显著影响。

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A: Changes of soil total phosphate content under different noise for 4 h at 23 ℃. B: Changes of soil total phosphate content under different time at 90 dB and 23 ℃. C: Changes of soil total phosphate content under different temperatures at 4 h at 90 dB treatment time. The different lowercase letter indicates significant differences among groups (P < 0.05)., figureFileSmall=6UMdLstbq0ACR3YDXz3l9w==, figureFileBig=WhngDy3z5norbSj6MshWDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291009841479870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同噪音分贝、温度和噪音时间下土壤磷酸盐的含量变化

A:23 ℃,不同噪音分贝处理4 h土壤总磷酸盐含量变化. B:90 dB、23 ℃不同噪音时间土壤总磷酸盐含量变化. C:90 dB处理时间4 h,不同温度土壤总磷酸盐含量变化,不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P < 0.05)

, figureFileSmall=6UMdLstbq0ACR3YDXz3l9w==, figureFileBig=WhngDy3z5norbSj6MshWDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291009967308998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Percentage of loess slope on the Yuzhong Campus of Northwest Minzu University. In the figure, 0% indicates that the overall proportion of the species is less than 0.01%., figureFileSmall=+LTqCj9GnJsfz7DntvuUww==, figureFileBig=yGrhl9DUSohG8OmrDLcObw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291010059583688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=CN, label=图3, caption=西北民族大学榆中校区黄土边坡物种占比

图中数值0%表示物种整体占比不足0.01%

, figureFileSmall=+LTqCj9GnJsfz7DntvuUww==, figureFileBig=yGrhl9DUSohG8OmrDLcObw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291010206384337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Distribution of soil microbial phylum levels under the orthogonal experimental design. CK: No noise, 23 ℃; A: 70 dB, −5 ℃, 2 h; B: 90 dB, −5 ℃, 4 h; C: 110 dB, −5 ℃, 6 h; D: 90 dB, 15 ℃, 2 h; E: 110 dB, 15 ℃, 4 h; F: 70 dB, 15 ℃, 6 h; G: 110 dB, 35 ℃, 2 h; H: 70 dB, 35 ℃, 4 h; I: 90 dB, 35 ℃, 6 h., figureFileSmall=+j0KKAxOUxnrpEjgKi+gTw==, figureFileBig=KUpYuOcJralRsTNV9tKZlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291010290270424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=CN, label=图4, caption=正交试验设计下土壤微生物门水平分布图

CK:无噪音、23 ℃;A:70 dB、−5 ℃、2 h;B:90 dB、−5 ℃、4 h;C:110 dB、−5 ℃、6 h;D:90 dB、15 ℃、2 h;E:110 dB、15 ℃、4 h;F:70 dB、15 ℃、6 h;G:110 dB、35 ℃、2 h;H:70 dB、35 ℃、4 h;I:90 dB、35 ℃、6 h

, figureFileSmall=+j0KKAxOUxnrpEjgKi+gTw==, figureFileBig=KUpYuOcJralRsTNV9tKZlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291010386739421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Microorganisms significantly affected by noise, temperature and noise time at the phylum level. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among groups (P < 0.05). The same as below., figureFileSmall=0VIqDXN9BCJlE7j+CcCBOQ==, figureFileBig=QOD+B5I24j5FDuFidHVbLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291010453848291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=CN, label=图5, caption=门水平上受噪音分贝、温度和噪音时间影响显著的微生物

不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P < 0.05). 下同

, figureFileSmall=0VIqDXN9BCJlE7j+CcCBOQ==, figureFileBig=QOD+B5I24j5FDuFidHVbLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291010554511593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Circle diagram of the distribution of 226 genera at the phylum level., figureFileSmall=cUs6FcMKEz2gzG+5qXLzqw==, figureFileBig=e0LdH8R3vrJTL7u6ge+clg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291010663563502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=CN, label=图6, caption=226属在门水平分布圆环图, figureFileSmall=cUs6FcMKEz2gzG+5qXLzqw==, figureFileBig=e0LdH8R3vrJTL7u6ge+clg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291010806169843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Microorganisms significantly affected by noise, temperature and noise time at the genus level., figureFileSmall=3TOuueSnyd5wy78DyxK18Q==, figureFileBig=eP03yQmFBSScJGDjigcNpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291010923610363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=CN, label=图7, caption=属水平上受噪音分贝、温度和噪音时间影响显著的微生物, figureFileSmall=3TOuueSnyd5wy78DyxK18Q==, figureFileBig=eP03yQmFBSScJGDjigcNpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291011028467972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Circle diagram of the distribution of 131 species at the genus level., figureFileSmall=DpQfAC/yoQj4an3E9m41tA==, figureFileBig=38zrfrgWm2/CC7mjAm6+5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291011141714185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=CN, label=图8, caption=131种在属水平分布圆环图, figureFileSmall=DpQfAC/yoQj4an3E9m41tA==, figureFileBig=38zrfrgWm2/CC7mjAm6+5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243291011292709136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

An orthogonal experimental design was employed to investigate the effects of noise, temperature and noise time at three levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupsNoise level (dB)Time level (h)Temperature level (℃)
CK0023
A702−5
F70615
H70435
B904−5
D90215
I90635
C1106−5
E110415
G110235
), ArticleFig(id=1243291011397566744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

噪音分贝、温度和噪音时间在3水平下的正交试验设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupsNoise level (dB)Time level (h)Temperature level (℃)
CK0023
A702−5
F70615
H70435
B904−5
D90215
I90635
C1106−5
E110415
G110235
), ArticleFig(id=1243291011531784477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Microorganisms significantly affected by noise, temperature and noise time at the species level (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupsRhizophagus irregularisArthrobacter crystallopoietesArthrobacter sp. PGP41Rubrobacter tropicusActinomadura sp. WMMB 499Arthrobacter sp. 24S4 2
不同小写字母表示在P < 0.05的水平上存在显著差异
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
CK0.65ab0.17c0.10c0.04d0.02b0.02ab
A0.45cd0.19c0.10c0.04cd0.02ab0.01c
B0.54bc0.15c0.08c0.04cd0.02b0.01bc
C0.69a0.16c0.08c0.03d0.01b0.01bc
D0.44cd0.19c0.10bc0.04cd0.03a0.01abc
E0.46cd0.19c0.11abc0.04bc0.01b0.01abc
F0.54bc0.29a0.14ab0.05a0.02b0.02ab
G0.56abc0.21bc0.11abc0.05ab0.04a0.02ab
H0.42cd0.26ab0.11abc0.05ab0.03ab0.02a
I0.37d0.27ab0.14a0.05a0.01b0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1243291011653419297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242119545717063903, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

种水平上受噪音分贝、温度和噪音时间影响显著的微生物占比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupsRhizophagus irregularisArthrobacter crystallopoietesArthrobacter sp. PGP41Rubrobacter tropicusActinomadura sp. WMMB 499Arthrobacter sp. 24S4 2
不同小写字母表示在P < 0.05的水平上存在显著差异
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
CK0.65ab0.17c0.10c0.04d0.02b0.02ab
A0.45cd0.19c0.10c0.04cd0.02ab0.01c
B0.54bc0.15c0.08c0.04cd0.02b0.01bc
C0.69a0.16c0.08c0.03d0.01b0.01bc
D0.44cd0.19c0.10bc0.04cd0.03a0.01abc
E0.46cd0.19c0.11abc0.04bc0.01b0.01abc
F0.54bc0.29a0.14ab0.05a0.02b0.02ab
G0.56abc0.21bc0.11abc0.05ab0.04a0.02ab
H0.42cd0.26ab0.11abc0.05ab0.03ab0.02a
I0.37d0.27ab0.14a0.05a0.01b0.02a
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噪音环境对黄土边坡微生物群落的影响
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李明凯 , 赵丽萍 , 李学珍 , 杭鑫余 , 田丽娇 , 陈莉 *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(11): 4219-4233
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(11): 4219-4233
噪音环境对黄土边坡微生物群落的影响
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李明凯, 赵丽萍, 李学珍, 杭鑫余, 田丽娇, 陈莉*
作者信息
  • 西北民族大学 生命科学与工程学院, 甘肃 兰州 730106
Noise affects microbial communities on loess slopes
Mingkai LI, Liping ZHAO, Xuezhen LI, Xinyu HANG, Lijiao TIAN, Li CHEN*
Affiliations
  • Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730106, Gansu, China
出版时间: 2024-08-09 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240267
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【目的】探讨不同噪音下黄土边坡土壤微生物在温度和时间影响下的变化。【方法】通过测定土壤磷酸盐含量变化,确定噪音分贝在70、90、110 dB,温度在−5、15、35 ℃,噪音时间在2、4、6 h的条件下,土壤微生物群落的变化。随后对土壤微生物进行宏基因组学测序。【结果】门水平上,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota)、热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)和黏球菌门(Myxococcota)组间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。属水平上,节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、根孢囊霉属(Rhizophagus)、假节杆菌属(Pseudarthrobacter)、马杜拉放线菌属(Actinomadura)、考克氏菌属(Kocuria)、红色杆形菌属(Rubrobacter)和棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium)组间存在显著差异(P < 0.05);种水平上,Rhizophagus irregularisActinomadura sp. WMMB 499、热带红色杆形菌(Rubrobacter tropicus)、Arthrobacter sp. PGP41、Arthrobacter sp. 24S4 2和Arthrobacter crystallopoietes组间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。【结论】不同噪音环境对门、属、种分类水平下的土壤微生物均具有显著影响。

黄土边坡  /  土壤微生物  /  噪音  /  温度  /  宏基因组

[Objective] To investigate the changes of microbial communities on loess slopes with different noise conditions under the influences of temperature and time. [Methods] Based on the changes in soil phosphate content, the noise was determined at 70, 90, and 110 dB. The microbial communities presented variations along the temperature gradients of −5, 15, and 35 ℃ and the noise duration of 2, 4, and 6 h. Subsequently, metagenomic sequencing was carried out for the soil microbial communities. [Results] At the phylum level, Actinobacteria, Mucoromycota, Thermoproteota, and Myxococcota showed differences in the relative abundance among groups (P < 0.05). At the genus level, Arthrobacter, Rhizophagus, Pseudarthrobacter, Actinomadura, Kocuria, Rubrobacter, and Corynebacterium demonstrated different relative abundance among groups (P < 0.05). At the species level, there were significant differences in the relative abundance of Rhizophagus irregularis, Actinomadura sp. WMMB 499, Rubrobacter tropicus, Arthrobacter sp. PGP41, Arthrobacter sp. 24S4 2, and Arthrobacter crystallopoietes among groups (P < 0.05). [Conclusion] Different noise environments have significant effects on the relative abundance of soil microorganisms at the phylum, genus, and species levels.

loess slopes  /  soil microorganisms  /  noise  /  temperature  /  metagenome
李明凯, 赵丽萍, 李学珍, 杭鑫余, 田丽娇, 陈莉. 噪音环境对黄土边坡微生物群落的影响. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (11) : 4219 -4233 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240267
Mingkai LI, Liping ZHAO, Xuezhen LI, Xinyu HANG, Lijiao TIAN, Li CHEN. Noise affects microbial communities on loess slopes[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (11) : 4219 -4233 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240267
黄土边坡(loess slopes)是由黄土或沙土等非岩性土壤构成的坡体,具有岩石条件差、土质松散、蓄水量低、含盐量高和有机质含量低的特点,这导致了黄土边坡脆弱的生态环境[1-2]。土壤微生物是黄土边坡生态系统的重要组成部分,在物质转换、能量流动以及稳定生态系统等方面发挥着重要作用[3]。相比于林地和草地边坡,黄土边坡土壤微生物群落更为脆弱,易受外界环境的影响[4-5]。黄土边坡多分布于干旱或半干旱地区,这些地区的极端温度和低降雨量,使黄土边坡土壤微生物群落的多样性和稳定性显著降低[6]。黄土边坡的非岩性土壤易发生土壤侵蚀,土壤中的有机质和养分流失进一步减少了土壤微生物生物量和群落数量[7]。当前对黄土边坡土壤微生物影响的研究主要集中于土壤水分[8]、放牧方式[9]、耕作模式[10]和灌溉策略[11]等方面,而噪音及噪音环境等对土壤微生物影响的研究相对较少。
噪音环境中的噪音分贝和作用时间是影响微生物群落丰富度的主要因素,不同噪音分贝和作用时间对不同生境微生物影响各异。如高跃等[12]研究表明,杂交鲟在受到48 h和145 dB的噪音刺激后,体内鼠杆状菌科(Muribaculaceae)的相对丰度降低;断奶仔猪在受到3 d和85 dB的噪音刺激后,肠道内链球菌属(Streptococcus)和罗斯拜瑞氏菌属(Roseburia)的相对丰度增加[13];犊牛在受到28 d、每天4 h、65 dB的噪音刺激后,粪便中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinomycetota)的相对丰度减少[14]。相同噪音分贝和不同作用时间对微生物的影响也不同,如Zhang等[15]研究表明,小鼠在受到3 h、100 dB的噪声刺激后,粪便中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的相对丰度增加,而拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)的相对丰度减少;Cui等[16]研究表明,小鼠在受到24 h、100 dB的噪音刺激后,盲肠中变形菌门(Pseudomonadota)和放线菌门(Actinomycetota)的相对丰度显著减少;陶俊先[17]研究表明,小鼠在受到7 d、100 dB噪音刺激后,粪便中的普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)的相对丰度增多,而乳酸菌属(Lactobacillus)的相对丰度减少。噪音通过促进或抑制某些微生物的生长,使微生物群落发生改变[15]。上述研究主要是噪音对动物肠道或粪便中微生物的影响,而噪音对土壤微生物的影响尚未见报道。
温度变化是微生物生长和代谢的决定性因素,也是土壤环境变化的主要驱动力[18-19]。不同微生物对温度敏感性不同,导致温度变化对某些微生物的生存能力产生影响,使土壤微生物群落结构和功能发生改变[20]。土壤温度上升提高了微生物的代谢速率和土壤酶活性,促进有机质分解,增加土壤微生物的生长和繁殖速率[21]。温度升高也可能导致自养微生物的数量超过异养微生物,增加有效碳的竞争,使微生物生物量下降[22]。另一方面,土壤温度下降会减慢微生物的代谢速率和生长速度。许多微生物在低温条件下进入休眠状态,代谢活动减弱,影响其活性[23-24]。研究表明,低温环境有利于细菌生长不利于真菌生长,主要原因是低温降低了真菌细胞膜的流动性和酶活性,限制其在寒冷环境中的生长,降低真菌群落多样性和丰富度[25]。温度升高或降低不仅能直接影响微生物的丰富度和群落结构,还能通过微生物间的相互关系间接影响土壤生态系统。然而关于噪音环境下温度变化对黄土边坡微生物群落的影响,尚未见报道。
采样点位于甘肃省榆中县夏官营镇西北民族大学附近的101省道旁,距离道路约1 km处自然未开垦沟壑边坡,其地理坐标为104.17°E,35.94°N。噪音水平为25−35 dB,海拔高度约为1 700 m,降水主要集中在7−9月,年平均降水量为351 mm,年平均气温为9.1 ℃,该地区的土壤类型为黄土,土壤表层(0−20 cm)平均容重为1.33 g/cm3,土壤持水量为22.9%,pH值为8.3[26]。经实地调查发现,主要植被类型为碱蓬草、冷蒿、甘青针茅、茵陈蒿、丝路蓟等。
资料显示,土壤微生物主要活动在土壤表层(0−20 cm)处。为了采集受到较少干扰的微生物样本,利用五点取样法取每点样地的(10−20 cm)处土壤,并充分混匀。将土壤样品带回实验室,过20目筛除去土壤中的植物残留组织。将处理后的样品分成3份,一份置于−80 ℃冰箱留存备用;一份按照正交试验设计分成10组进行噪音处理,并进行宏基因组学测序(深圳微科盟科技有限公司,原始数据保藏号:SAMN41884200,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosample/41884200);一份进行土壤理化及相关性测定。
采用总磷酸盐检测试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司)测定土壤样品总磷酸盐含量。采用恒重法测定土壤水分;采用电位法(水土比为2.5:1)测定土壤pH;采用便携式温度计测定土壤温度。经测定土壤水分为23.3%;pH值为8.2;土壤温度为23.3 ℃。
根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)的标准,噪音是指超过55 dB不规则的声波信号。因此本研究设置了60、70、80、90、110、120 dB的噪音水平处理土壤样品,试验装置如图1所示。将土壤样品置于23 ℃的试验装置中处理4 h后,测定土壤磷酸盐的含量变化,取磷酸盐含量变化显著的噪音分贝。固定噪音分贝和温度不变,改变噪音时间为0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8 h,测定土壤磷酸盐含量变化,选取磷酸盐含量变化显著的时间范围。固定噪音分贝和噪音时间,改变温度为−10、−5、5、15、25、35、40 ℃,测定土壤磷酸盐含量变化,取磷酸盐含量变化显著的温度梯度。根据3个因素的最佳试验水平,进行正交试验设计。
采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵法(hexadecyltrimethy ammonium bromide, CTAB)提取土壤样本基因组DNA。利用Agilent 5400 (Agilent Technologies公司)检测DNA浓度、完整性以及纯度。使用NEBNext® UltraTM Ⅱ DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina (New England Biolabs公司)构建DNA文库。DNA样品检测合格后,使用超声波破碎仪将样品碎片化至350 bp大小,再经末端修复、加A尾、加测序接头、片段筛选、PCR扩增和纯化步骤完成整个文库制备工作。然后进一步PCR扩增,PCR产物通过AMPure XP (Beverly公司)进行纯化,再用Agilent 5400 (Agilent Technologies公司)评估文库质量,最后通过qPCR对文库浓度进行定量。根据有效文库浓度及目标数据量,将符合条件的文库在Illumina NovaSeq 6000平台采用PE150策略进行测序。
测序完成后,运用Diamond软件将非冗余蛋白比对到NCBI NR蛋白数据库,比对结果再用BASTA软件分析得到非冗余蛋白的物种注释信息。同时使用Kraken2和深圳微科盟生物技术有限公司微生物核酸数据库(筛选RefSeq全基因组数据库中属于细菌、真菌、古菌、病毒序列)比对计算样本中所含有物种的序列数,再用Bracken软件对样本中门、属、种等分类水平微生物的实际丰度进行统计。
使用Excel 2019,L9(33)正交表进行正交试验设计并作图;采用微科盟生科云在线网站(https://www.bioincloud.tech)进行显著性差异分析。
在微生物学研究中,当处理样品的其他条件保持不变时,磷酸盐含量变化能够反映微生物的活动状态,通过监测磷酸盐含量的变化可以推测微生物群落的变化[27-28]。如图2所示,经噪音处理后,同一土壤样品磷酸盐含量发生变化,表明该土壤中的微生物群落发生改变。固定温度为23 ℃、噪音时间为4 h,设置不同噪音分贝处理土壤样品,测定磷酸盐含量。如图2A所示,不同噪音分贝处理下磷酸盐的含量均有变化,以70、90和110 dB下磷酸盐含量与对照组差异最为显著。固定噪音分贝为90 dB温度为23 ℃,对同一样品进行不同时间噪音处理,测定磷酸盐含量。如图2B所示,磷酸盐含量呈现出抛物线型的变化趋势,噪音时间为2、4和6 h下磷酸盐含量与对照组差异显著。最后,固定噪音分贝为90 dB噪音时间为4 h,对同一样品进行不同温度处理,测定磷酸盐含量。如图2C所示,温度在−5、15和35 ℃下磷酸盐含量与对照组差异显著。
根据磷酸盐含量变化,选取了3个噪音分贝水平(70、90和110 dB);3个噪音时间水平(2、4和6 h);3个温度水平(−5、15和35 ℃),进行正交试验设计,如表1所示。
图3所示,噪音处理后,黄土边坡土壤微生物中细菌(Bacteria)占97% (32 635 508个)、古菌(Archaea)占2% (781 182个)、真菌(Fungi)占1% (267 932个)和其余DNA病毒占比不足0.01%。
图4所示,经A−I组的正交试验设计后,针对门分类水平上数量大于1%的微生物群落组成情况展开分析。结果表明,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)、芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)等11门是土壤中主要微生物类群,约占土壤中所有微生物的70%−80%。从整体上看,不同噪音环境处理下各组土壤微生物群落的优势类群虽然未发生变化,但其相对丰度差异很大。从CK组到I组,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)变化范围为47.79%−43.39%;假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)为22.59%−16.89%;热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)为2.07%−1.47%;芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)为1.44%−1.17%;酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)为0.77%−0.38%;毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota)为0.77%−0.38%;浮霉状菌门(Planctomycetota)为0.41%−0.34%;亚硝化球菌门(Nitrososphaerota)为0.24%−0.19%;黏球菌门(Myxococcota)为0.31%−0.18%;子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为0.29%−0.11%;疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)为0.15%−0.11%。
图5所示,对上述11门菌群数量进行显著性差异分析,仅有放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)、毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota)和黏球菌门(Myxococcota)菌群数量组间存在显著性差异。具体来说,放线菌门F组(45.37%;70 dB、15 ℃、6 h)显著高于C组(44.0%;110 dB、−5 ℃、6 h),表明放线菌门受温度和噪音的影响较为显著,当温度超过15 ℃和噪音超过90 dB后,放线菌门的数量会显著增多;热变形菌门F组(2.07%;70 dB、15 ℃、6 h)显著高于A组(1.47%;70 dB、−5 ℃、2 h),表明热变形菌门受温度影响最为显著,当温度高于15 ℃时菌群数量显著增加,而当温度为35 ℃时则显著下降;毛霉菌门C组(0.73%;110 dB、−5 ℃、6 h)显著高于I组(0.38%;90 dB、35 ℃、6 h),表明毛霉菌门受温度和噪音分贝的影响较为显著,随着温度的上升和噪音分贝的下降,毛霉菌门的数量显著下降,当噪音分贝达到70 dB时毛霉菌门的数量达到最低;黏球菌门F组(0.31%;70 dB、15 ℃、6 h)显著高于E组(0.18%;110 dB、15 ℃、4 h),黏球菌门与毛霉菌门相似都与噪音分贝有关,但黏球菌门数量随着噪音分贝的下降而增加,对噪音时间敏感程度较低,噪音分贝越大菌群数量越低,在70 dB时黏球菌门的数量达到最大值。
图6所示,基于上述在不同噪音环境下微生物门分类水平的分析,对属分类水平微生物进行分析。以上4门在属分类水平上共检测到226属。其中,放线菌门数量最多有185属,占整体81.9%;其次是黏球菌门22属,占9.7%;毛霉菌门17属,占7.5%;热变形菌门2属,占整体不足1.0%。
图7所示,通过对4门的属水平分析,存在显著性差异的菌属主要是放线菌门6属,毛霉菌门1属。具体来说,节杆菌属(Arthrobacter) H组(1.32%;70 dB、35 ℃、4 h)显著高于F组(1.15%;70 dB、15 ℃、6 h),表明节杆菌属受温度影响最为显著,当温度降低时节杆菌群数量会显著减少,说明节杆菌属有一定的耐热性;根孢囊霉属(Rhizophagus) C组(0.69%;110 dB、−5 ℃、6 h)显著高于F组(0.52%;70 dB、15 ℃、6 h),表明根孢囊霉属受噪音分贝和温度的影响最为显著,根孢囊霉属在噪音分贝为110 dB时数量最高并且随着噪音分贝的上升有增加的趋势。在相同噪音分贝下,根孢囊霉属在−5 ℃时数量最高,说明其具有一定耐寒性;假节杆菌属(Pseudarthrobacter) I组(0.32%;90 dB、35 ℃、6 h)显著高于B组(0.19%;90 dB、−5 ℃、4 h),表明假节杆菌属受温度和噪音时间的影响较大,其数量随着温度的上升和噪音时间的延长而增加,在温度为35 ℃时和噪音时间为6 h数量最高;马杜拉放线菌属(Actinomadura) B组(0.35%;90 dB、−5 ℃、4 h)显著高于E组(0.16%;110 dB、15 ℃、4 h),表明马杜拉放线菌属受噪音分贝和温度的影响较大,随着噪音分贝和温度的上升有下降的趋势,在90 dB达到最大值。温度与噪音分贝对马杜拉放线菌属的影响相近,在相同噪音分贝下15 ℃时数量最高;考克氏菌属(Kocuria) F组(0.05%;70 dB、15 ℃、6 h)显著高于B组(0.03%;90 dB、−5 ℃、4 h),表明考克氏菌属受噪音分贝和温度影响较大,随着噪音分贝的下降而增加,噪音分贝在70 dB数量最高。温度对考克氏菌属的影响与噪音分贝相反,随着温度上升有增加的趋势在15 ℃时最高;红色杆形菌属(Rubrobacter) F组(0.05%;70 dB、15 ℃、6 h)显著高于A组(0.04%;70 dB、−5 ℃、2 h),表明其数量受温度和噪音时间的影响较大,随着温度下降而减少,在35 ℃时红色杆形菌属的数量最高,并且随着噪音时间的延长数量也增加;棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium)对照组(0.06%;无噪音,23 ℃)显著高于各组,说明在噪音环境的刺激下棒杆菌属的生长和繁殖可能会受到抑制。
图8所示,根据上述在不同噪音环境的土壤微生物属分类水平的分析,对种水平微生物进行分析。以上7属在种分类水平上共检测到131种。其中,节杆菌属数量最多有67种,占整体51.1%;其次是棒杆菌属有38种,占29.0%;马杜拉放线菌属有9种,占6.9%;考克氏菌属有6种,占4.6%;其余3菌属占整体不足10.0%。
表2所示,对上述2门7属的种水平微生物进行显著性差异分析发现,Rhizophagus irregularisArthrobacter crystallopoietesArthrobacter sp. PGP41、热带红色杆形菌(Rubrobacter tropicus)、Actinomadura sp. WMMB 499和Arthrobacter sp. 24S4 2的菌群数量组间存在显著性差异。具体来说,Rhizophagus irregularis C组(0.69%;110 dB、−5 ℃、6 h)显著高于I组(0.37%;90 dB、35 ℃、6 h),表明Rhizophagus irregularis受温度和噪音分贝的影响较为显著,其数量随着温度的下降而增加,在−5 ℃达到最大值,表明Rhizophagus irregularis具有一定的耐寒性。同时,噪音分贝也对Rhizophagus irregularis数量产生了一定影响,噪音分贝为90 dB时数量最低;Arthrobacter crystallopoietes I组(0.27%;90 dB、35 ℃、6 h)显著高于B组(0.15%;90 dB、−5 ℃、4 h),表明Arthrobacter crystallopoietes受到温度和噪音时间的影响最为显著,其数量随着温度的上升而增加,在35 ℃时数量达到最大值,在−5 ℃时数量最低,并且随着噪音时间的延长而增加;Arthrobacter sp. PGP41 I组(0.14%;90 dB、35 ℃、6 h)显著高于C组(0.16%;110 dB、−5 ℃、6 h),表明Arthrobacter sp. PGP41受到噪音分贝和温度的影响较大,其数量随着噪音分贝的下降和温度的上升而增加,在90 dB下Arthrobacter sp. PGP41数量最高并与各组存在显著差异,相同噪音分贝下温度越高Arthrobacter sp. PGP41数量越高,温度升高至35 ℃时数量达到最大值;Arthrobacter sp. 24S4 2在I组(0.02%;90 dB、35 ℃、6 h)显著高于C组(0.01%;110 dB、−5 ℃、6 h),其数量随着噪音分贝的增加和温度的下降有减少的趋势,在90 dB下数量最高。节杆菌的最适生长温度一般为29 ℃以上,从9个不同的处理来看,3个节杆菌种在35 ℃时数量均较高;热带红色杆形菌(Rubrobacter tropicus) I组(0.05%;90 dB、35 ℃、6 h)显著高于C组(0.03%;110 dB、−5 ℃、6 h),表明热带红色杆形菌(Rubrobacter tropicus)受到温度和噪音分贝的影响较大,其数量随着温度的上升而增加,在35 ℃时数量最高。然而噪音分贝对热带红色杆形菌(Rubrobacter tropicus)的影响与温度相反,随着噪音分贝的升高热带红色杆形菌(Rubrobacter tropicus)数量有下降的趋势,在110 dB时数量最低;Actinomadura sp. WMMB 499 G组(0.04%;110 dB、35 ℃、2 h)显著高于C组(0.01%;110 dB、−5 ℃、6 h),Actinomadura sp. WMMB 499与热带红色杆形菌(Rubrobacter tropicus)性质相似,受到温度的影响较大,其数量随着温度的上升而增加,在35 ℃下达到最大值。
土壤微生物是黄土边坡生态系统的重要组成部分[29]。土壤微生物通过与植物共生、分解有机物和抵抗逆境等方式对黄土边坡植物群落和土壤结构产生重要影响[30]。然而,土壤微生物群落易受人为或环境因素的干扰,从而降低黄土边坡生态系统的稳定性[31-32]。微生物数量是反映土壤微生物活动的重要指标,本研究发现噪音环境对土壤微生物数量有显著影响。
门水平上,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)数量随温度上升而增加,与吴霞等[33]研究一致。放线菌门是盐碱土壤中一种常见的耐高温菌群,在高温下能大量繁殖。同时也是分解土壤有机质的主要菌群,其含量高低常常作为评价土壤质量的标准[34]。热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)属于原核生物,是古细菌的一种,最早在海洋中被发现,后来在盐碱土壤和淡水环境均有发现,是碳循环的主要贡献者之一[35]。热变形菌门与放线菌门相似,是一类耐热性细菌,热变形菌门生长温度最高可达113 ℃[36]。毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota)是一种腐生性真菌,其分泌的纤维素酶和蛋白酶活性很高,具有较高的分解能力可以降解土壤中难降解物质[37]。本研究结果表明毛霉菌门数量随温度上升而减少,刘闪等[38]研究表明毛霉菌门数量随温度上升而增加,与本研究结果不一致。可能的原因是刘闪等提取的毛霉菌门来源于水体,而本研究的毛霉菌门来源于土壤,会导致毛霉菌门对不同的生长环境表现出差异,从而影响其数量变化趋势。黏球菌门(Myxococcota)是地球上分布最广泛的细菌,在海洋、淡水、土壤和沙漠等环境中均有发现,是多种环境中的优势菌群[39]。目前土壤中的黏球菌被证实具有溶菌、降解纤维素以及参与土壤中氮循环等功能[40-41]
属水平上,节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)是一组多样化的细菌属,已知的节杆菌属可以转化多种有机碳底物,包括芳烃和各种碳水化合物,是土壤碳循环的主要参与者[42]。马杜拉放线菌属(Actinomadura)是土壤中常见的细菌,主要功能是分解腐殖质、纤维素和动植物残骸,是增强土壤养分循环的关键菌群[43]。此外马杜拉放线菌属还能通过分泌植物激素和抗菌剂与植物共生[44]。假节杆菌属(Pseudarthrobacter)是一组革兰氏阳性内生细菌,存在于土壤、水和极端栖息地等自然环境中,主要功能是参与植物根际吲哚乙酸的分泌、固氮和磷的溶解等过程[45]。根孢囊霉属(Rhizophagus)具有抗盐碱、抗高温和抗干旱等多种抗逆性,可适应黄土边坡干旱贫瘠的生态环境,有利于黄土边坡的防护[46]。红色杆形菌属(Rubrobacter)具有高度的嗜热性,最高生长温度可达60 ℃[47]。目前关于考克氏菌属(Kocuria)和棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium)的研究相对较少,具体生长条件及其功能特性有待进一步的分离鉴定和功能预测。
种水平上,Rhizophagus irregularis是广泛存在的土壤真菌,通过调节植物体内渗透压与植物共生[48]。本研究中Rhizophagus irregularis的数量在−5 ℃的条件下最高,在35 ℃的条件下最低,并随着温度的升高而减少,与花顶等[49]研究一致。低温胁迫可以显著增强Rhizophagus irregularis的活性和繁殖能力;Arthrobacter sp. 24S4 2是土壤中参与固氮的一类微生物,主要功能是将土壤中的硝酸盐转化为氨[50]Arthrobacter sp. PGP41是一种与环境修复有关的细菌,在土壤中具有固氮和溶解磷酸盐的能力,并能提高重金属胁迫下幼苗根系的生长能力[51]Arthrobacter crystallopoietes和热带红色杆形菌(Rubrobacter tropicus)菌群与节杆菌属类群相似,均具有耐高温的特性,与李娟等[52]研究结果一致。节杆菌属是一类耐高温菌群,最适生长温度可达35 ℃。目前关于Actinomadura sp. WMMB 499的研究相对较少,具体功能有待进一步分离验证。上述试验结果表明,一些菌群在噪音环境下存在显著性差异,可作为下一步主要研究的微生物类群。
在9个不同的噪音环境下处理,门水平:放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota)、热变形菌门(Thermoproteota)和黏球菌门(Myxococcota)组间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。属水平:节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、根孢囊霉属(Rhizophagus)、假节杆菌属(Pseudarthrobacter)、马杜拉放线菌属(Actinomadura)、考克氏菌属(Kocuria)、红色杆形菌属(Rubrobacter)和棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium)组间存在显著差异(P < 0.05);种水平:Rhizophagus irregularisActinomadura sp. WMMB 499、热带红色杆形菌(Rubrobacter tropicus)、Arthrobacter sp. PGP41、Arthrobacter sp. 24S4 2和Arthrobacter crystallopoietes组间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。今后可对上述菌群开展进一步的分离和培养工作,以探究黄土边坡不同噪音环境下土壤微生物的功能及其抗逆性,为开发黄土边坡土壤微生物资源提供科学依据。
  • 甘肃省重点研发计划(22YF7FA172)
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2024年第64卷第11期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240267
  • 接收时间:2024-04-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-08-09
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-27
  • 录用日期:2024-08-08
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Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(22YF7FA172)
甘肃省重点研发计划(22YF7FA172)
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    西北民族大学 生命科学与工程学院, 甘肃 兰州 730106

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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