Article(id=1242093872692662769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240198, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711382400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1721318400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-07-19, onlineDate=1774067856238, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1721750400000, pubDateStr=2024-07-24, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774067856238, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774067856238, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774067856238, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242093864144666765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='10', pageStart='3571', pageEnd='3997', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774067854200, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774067980255, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242094392937353679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242094392937353680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3780, endPage=3797, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242093873145647640, articleId=1242093872692662769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Dissolved concentration of nitrous oxide, water-air interface emission flux, and sediment microbial community structure in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Within the framework of global climate governance and considering the pivotal role of the Yellow River basin in China's ecological progress, this study focused on the Inner Mongolia segment of the Yellow River in July 2023. [Methods] We collected the surface sediment, water, and gas samples, with the aim of investigating the dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration in the water, the N2O emission flux (FN2O) at the water-air interface, and the microbial community composition and diversity in surface sediments. [Results] The results revealed that the dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration in the water of this segment varied between 0.547 8 mg/m3 and 0.598 2 mg/m3, with an average of 0.574 1 mg/m3. The FN2O at the water-air interface ranged from −3.645 3 mg/(m2·d) to 4.392 5 mg/(m2·d), averaging 1.086 1 mg/(m2·d), which suggested this area was a net source of atmospheric N2O. FN2O showed a significantly positive correlation with pH and a significantly negative correlation with potential. The surface sediments harbored 7 784 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with Proteobacteria (average abundance of 35.13%) being dominant. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), a category of nitrifying bacteria, presented low abundance, with 116 OTUs among which unclassified_d__Unclassified (average abundance of 31.69%) was the dominant genus. For denitrifying bacteria, 3 660 OTUs were identified, with unclassified_k__norank_d__Bacteria (average abundance of 63.12%) being the dominant genus. In view of the scarcity of N2O data for the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River, the findings of this study enrich the N2O data repository of the Yellow River. [Conclusion] This study not only augments our understanding of the microbial community structure and functionality in sediments but also supports the conservation and purification of the Yellow River.

, correspAuthors=Xiaoli WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*WANG Xiaoli, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wuyinga, Xiaoli WANG, Aruhan, Xia WU, Xia HONG, Xiaowen HE, Na LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1242093878422082387, articleId=1242093872692662769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=黄河内蒙古段水体氧化亚氮溶存浓度、水-气界面排放通量和沉积物微生物群落结构, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】基于全球气候治理背景以及黄河流域在我国生态文明建设中的重要地位,本研究于2023年7月选择黄河内蒙古段流域为对象,测定流域内表层沉积物微生物群落结构与多样性、水体理化性质及水-气界面氧化亚氮(nitrous oxide, N2O)气体通量。【方法】使用静态箱-气相色谱仪法对黄河内蒙古段水体N2O溶存浓度、水-气界面N2O排放通量进行探究,使用高通量测序分析表层沉积物。【结果】结果表明黄河内蒙古段水体N2O溶存浓度变化范围在0.547 8−0.598 2 mg/m3之间,均值为0.574 1 mg/m3,水-气界面N2O排放通量(FN2O)变化范围为−3.645 3−4.392 5 mg/(m2·d),均值为1.086 1 mg/(m2·d),总体表现为大气N2O的“源”。FN2O和pH呈极显著正相关、和电位呈显著负相关。表层沉积物中细菌共有7 784个操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU),其中变形菌门(Proteobacteriota)以平均35.13%的丰度成为最优势菌群。氨氧化古菌(ammonia-oxidizing archaea, AOA)相关基因丰度较低,检测到116个OTUs,unclassified_d__Unclassified为优势菌属(平均丰度为31.69%)。反硝化细菌共有3 660个OTUs,优势菌属为unclassified_k__norank_d__Bacteria (平均丰度为63.12%)。【结论】由于黄河内蒙古段N2O相关数据较少,因此本研究结果对填补江河N2O数据具有积极意义,为进一步了解沉积物微生物群落结构及功能菌在黄河治理中的应用提供参考,有助于黄河的保护和净化计划。

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A−H are Tw, pH, DO, EC, ORP, TSS, TP, and TA, respectively., figureFileSmall=SqxL4P+AozMrtjisNsROLA==, figureFileBig=bqLL1/103YX7HL0/eoQgiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285162776183643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=CN, label=图1, caption=黄河内蒙古段水质的理化性质

A−H分别为内蒙古段水质的Tw、pH、DO、EC、ORP、TSS、TP和TA参数

, figureFileSmall=SqxL4P+AozMrtjisNsROLA==, figureFileBig=bqLL1/103YX7HL0/eoQgiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285162956538728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Changes of NH4+-N, NO3-N and TN in the surface water of the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River with N2O concentration (A) and FN2O (B)., figureFileSmall=Ad4wiqGmvMtf8GTnXC599g==, figureFileBig=PE3APNUsNQjs1K1x1BLG2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285163048813423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=CN, label=图2, caption=黄河内蒙古段表层水体NH4+-N、NO3-N和TN随N2O溶存浓度的变化(A)和随FN2O的变化(B), figureFileSmall=Ad4wiqGmvMtf8GTnXC599g==, figureFileBig=PE3APNUsNQjs1K1x1BLG2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285163191419766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Changes in dissolved N2O concentration and flux in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River., figureFileSmall=Az3kEXIDmItgnAyuLy+P9A==, figureFileBig=XhJnIUdhSNsGlu6tkRid7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285163287888762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=CN, label=图3, caption=黄河内蒙古段N2O溶存浓度和通量变化图, figureFileSmall=Az3kEXIDmItgnAyuLy+P9A==, figureFileBig=XhJnIUdhSNsGlu6tkRid7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285163396940672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Pearson correlation between dissolved N2O concentration, FN2O and physicochemical properties. *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001., figureFileSmall=I8VtgP71Q868DY625DKtng==, figureFileBig=HDm/viHtOGjkzB43/+aW0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285163480826758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=CN, label=图4, caption=水体N2O溶存浓度、FN2O和理化性质的皮尔逊相关性, figureFileSmall=I8VtgP71Q868DY625DKtng==, figureFileBig=HDm/viHtOGjkzB43/+aW0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285163594072972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=The relative abundance of dominant bacterial phyla at the level of sediment bacteria., figureFileSmall=ruucBI2+LJluSQTVrmDPVg==, figureFileBig=DTsOYZVgojqvJaA+a1xrRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285163677959058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=CN, label=图5, caption=沉积物细菌优势菌门水平上的相对丰度图, figureFileSmall=ruucBI2+LJluSQTVrmDPVg==, figureFileBig=DTsOYZVgojqvJaA+a1xrRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285163791205270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Relative abundance of dominant genera of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (A) and dominant genera of denitrifying bacteria (B) in sediment., figureFileSmall=Vz16fG7tZEfrwgRmlXRQOw==, figureFileBig=DXb3XG/n58FDXnFf+rCsig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285163917034393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=CN, label=图6, caption=沉积物AOA优势菌属(A)和反硝化细菌优势菌属(B)的相对丰度, figureFileSmall=Vz16fG7tZEfrwgRmlXRQOw==, figureFileBig=DXb3XG/n58FDXnFf+rCsig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285164009309086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=RDA analysis of phylum level of bacterial (A), genus level of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (B) and genus level of denitrifying bacteria (C) in sediment with FN2O., figureFileSmall=aeN+jeKA6dSUt2R6v3Ic4Q==, figureFileBig=nYwpsVkl85bHBG67PEHT7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285164139332518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=CN, label=图7, caption=沉积物细菌门水平群落(A)、AOA属水平群落(B)和反硝化细菌属水平群落(C)与FN2O的冗余分析, figureFileSmall=aeN+jeKA6dSUt2R6v3Ic4Q==, figureFileBig=nYwpsVkl85bHBG67PEHT7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285164252578730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Correlation analysis between phylum level of bacterial (A), genus level of AOA (B), genus level of denitrifying bacteria (C) and environmental factors. pHw is the pH of the water; Tw is the temperature of the water; ECw is the conductivity of the water; LOI is the loss on ignition of sediment; CEC is the cation exchange capacity of sediment; DOw is the dissolved oxygen of the water; NH4+-N is the ammonia nitrogen of sediment; TN is the total nitrogen of sediment; TP is the total phosphorus of sediment; TSSw is the total suspended solids of the water. *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001., figureFileSmall=033IrhFqljJjfNTfaBm8gQ==, figureFileBig=zC7utEuRfDxLh6BGf3dO8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285164386796465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=CN, label=图8, caption=细菌门水平群落(A)、AOA属水平群落(B)、反硝化细菌属水平群落(C)与环境因子的相关性热图, figureFileSmall=033IrhFqljJjfNTfaBm8gQ==, figureFileBig=zC7utEuRfDxLh6BGf3dO8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285164491654070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of sampling points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sampling pointsLongitudeLatitudeAltitude (m)Annual rainfall (mm)T/℃Wind velocity (m/s)
WHE106°63′35″N39°57′20″1 150283332
LHE107°23′40″N40°43′33″1 050148312
QQE108°37′45″N40°43′19″1 500286332
BTE109°92′10″N40°53′27″1 067309283
TXE111°18′75″N40°21′74″1 132358282
LNWE111°44′39″N39°66′68″1 129410302
), ArticleFig(id=1243285164617483196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

采样点基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sampling pointsLongitudeLatitudeAltitude (m)Annual rainfall (mm)T/℃Wind velocity (m/s)
WHE106°63′35″N39°57′20″1 150283332
LHE107°23′40″N40°43′33″1 050148312
QQE108°37′45″N40°43′19″1 500286332
BTE109°92′10″N40°53′27″1 067309283
TXE111°18′75″N40°21′74″1 132358282
LNWE111°44′39″N39°66′68″1 129410302
), ArticleFig(id=1243285164739118016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Microbial groupTarget genesPrimers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
Prokaryotic organismBacterial 16S rRNA gene338FACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG
(468 bp, V3−V4)806RGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT
Prokaryotic organism (archaea)AOAamoAFSTAATGGTCTGGCTTAGACG
(600 bp)amoARGCGGCCATCCATCTGTATGT
Prokaryotic organismDenitrifying bacteriacd3aFGTSAACGTSAAGGARACSGG
(bacterium)(400 bp)R3cdRGASTTCGGRTGSGTCTTGA
), ArticleFig(id=1243285164843975623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

高通量测序引物序列表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Microbial groupTarget genesPrimers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
Prokaryotic organismBacterial 16S rRNA gene338FACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG
(468 bp, V3−V4)806RGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT
Prokaryotic organism (archaea)AOAamoAFSTAATGGTCTGGCTTAGACG
(600 bp)amoARGCGGCCATCCATCTGTATGT
Prokaryotic organismDenitrifying bacteriacd3aFGTSAACGTSAAGGARACSGG
(bacterium)(400 bp)R3cdRGASTTCGGRTGSGTCTTGA
), ArticleFig(id=1243285164948833229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Physical and chemical properties of sediments in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sampling pointsWHLHQQBTTXLNW
NH4+-N (mg/kg)35.6228.2619.7842.4214.7517.70
TN (mg/kg)2.730.832.904.041.491.37
TP (mg/kg)61.0651.0646.8751.3955.5836.23
LOI (%)12.906.448.376.176.665.63
CEC (cmol/kg)10.351.962.821.301.673.62
Volume average particle size (µm)33.2726.4027.9040.1225.9032.18
), ArticleFig(id=1243285166911767503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

黄河内蒙古段沉积物的理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sampling pointsWHLHQQBTTXLNW
NH4+-N (mg/kg)35.6228.2619.7842.4214.7517.70
TN (mg/kg)2.730.832.904.041.491.37
TP (mg/kg)61.0651.0646.8751.3955.5836.23
LOI (%)12.906.448.376.176.665.63
CEC (cmol/kg)10.351.962.821.301.673.62
Volume average particle size (µm)33.2726.4027.9040.1225.9032.18
), ArticleFig(id=1243285167029208020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Diversity index of sediment microbial community in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Bacterial speciesSampling pointsOTUsOTU sequenceACE indexChao1 indexCoverageShannon indexSimpson indexSobs index
Bacterial
16S rRNA gene
WH4 09892 0905 109.924 874.470.964 37.133 10.002 1894 098
LH2 82840 3393 137.753 095.840.984 46.719 30.003 6542 828
QQ2 72246 4553 141.823 031.080.981 66.016 90.016 5332 722
BT3 51051 7193 870.923 739.220.981 67.045 40.002 5693 510
TX3 29965 3964 144.504 225.410.971 06.814 00.004 9113 299
LNW2 21450 4752 345.962 296.850.992 06.576 60.003 2362 214
AOAWH7630 95480.4580.670.999 12.592 80.143 60076
LH5476 15558.9756.500.999 42.248 10.185 50054
QQ4136 74842.2841.500.999 82.504 20.147 50041
BT7130 07175.1575.670.999 11.866 20.344 70071
TX8611 75990.0590.670.999 12.819 40.133 60086
LNW4231 19145.3344.000.999 52.090 00.199 20042
Denitrifying bacteria nirSWH1 67059 1014 132.702973.570.879 76.322 30.006 0401 670
LH91158 3771 828.871458.110.943 55.236 40.017 470911
QQ94159 7781 352.361 300.030.950 15.455 80.012 950941
BT1 54781 6083 971.912 876.250.887 56.166 00.006 5701 547
TX1 07816 7831 521.011 501.460.943 75.680 00.017 3601 078
LNW32447 453384.30391.680.989 74.275 50.032 680324
), ArticleFig(id=1243285167150842844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872692662769, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

黄河内蒙古段沉积物微生物群落多样性指数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Bacterial speciesSampling pointsOTUsOTU sequenceACE indexChao1 indexCoverageShannon indexSimpson indexSobs index
Bacterial
16S rRNA gene
WH4 09892 0905 109.924 874.470.964 37.133 10.002 1894 098
LH2 82840 3393 137.753 095.840.984 46.719 30.003 6542 828
QQ2 72246 4553 141.823 031.080.981 66.016 90.016 5332 722
BT3 51051 7193 870.923 739.220.981 67.045 40.002 5693 510
TX3 29965 3964 144.504 225.410.971 06.814 00.004 9113 299
LNW2 21450 4752 345.962 296.850.992 06.576 60.003 2362 214
AOAWH7630 95480.4580.670.999 12.592 80.143 60076
LH5476 15558.9756.500.999 42.248 10.185 50054
QQ4136 74842.2841.500.999 82.504 20.147 50041
BT7130 07175.1575.670.999 11.866 20.344 70071
TX8611 75990.0590.670.999 12.819 40.133 60086
LNW4231 19145.3344.000.999 52.090 00.199 20042
Denitrifying bacteria nirSWH1 67059 1014 132.702973.570.879 76.322 30.006 0401 670
LH91158 3771 828.871458.110.943 55.236 40.017 470911
QQ94159 7781 352.361 300.030.950 15.455 80.012 950941
BT1 54781 6083 971.912 876.250.887 56.166 00.006 5701 547
TX1 07816 7831 521.011 501.460.943 75.680 00.017 3601 078
LNW32447 453384.30391.680.989 74.275 50.032 680324
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黄河内蒙古段水体氧化亚氮溶存浓度、水-气界面排放通量和沉积物微生物群落结构
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乌音嘎 1, 2 , 王晓丽 1, 2, * , 阿如汗 1, 2 , 吴霞 1, 2 , 虹霞 1, 2 , 贺晓雯 1 , 刘娜 1
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(10): 3780-3797
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(10): 3780-3797
黄河内蒙古段水体氧化亚氮溶存浓度、水-气界面排放通量和沉积物微生物群落结构
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乌音嘎1, 2, 王晓丽1, 2, * , 阿如汗1, 2, 吴霞1, 2, 虹霞1, 2, 贺晓雯1, 刘娜1
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古师范大学 化学与环境科学学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022
  • 2 内蒙古自治区环境化学重点实验室, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022
Dissolved concentration of nitrous oxide, water-air interface emission flux, and sediment microbial community structure in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River
Wuyinga1, 2, Xiaoli WANG1, 2, * , Aruhan1, 2, Xia WU1, 2, Xia HONG1, 2, Xiaowen HE1, Na LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, Inner Mongolia, China
  • 2 Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Hohhot 010022, Inner Mongolia, China
出版时间: 2024-07-24 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240198
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【目的】基于全球气候治理背景以及黄河流域在我国生态文明建设中的重要地位,本研究于2023年7月选择黄河内蒙古段流域为对象,测定流域内表层沉积物微生物群落结构与多样性、水体理化性质及水-气界面氧化亚氮(nitrous oxide, N2O)气体通量。【方法】使用静态箱-气相色谱仪法对黄河内蒙古段水体N2O溶存浓度、水-气界面N2O排放通量进行探究,使用高通量测序分析表层沉积物。【结果】结果表明黄河内蒙古段水体N2O溶存浓度变化范围在0.547 8−0.598 2 mg/m3之间,均值为0.574 1 mg/m3,水-气界面N2O排放通量(FN2O)变化范围为−3.645 3−4.392 5 mg/(m2·d),均值为1.086 1 mg/(m2·d),总体表现为大气N2O的“源”。FN2O和pH呈极显著正相关、和电位呈显著负相关。表层沉积物中细菌共有7 784个操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU),其中变形菌门(Proteobacteriota)以平均35.13%的丰度成为最优势菌群。氨氧化古菌(ammonia-oxidizing archaea, AOA)相关基因丰度较低,检测到116个OTUs,unclassified_d__Unclassified为优势菌属(平均丰度为31.69%)。反硝化细菌共有3 660个OTUs,优势菌属为unclassified_k__norank_d__Bacteria (平均丰度为63.12%)。【结论】由于黄河内蒙古段N2O相关数据较少,因此本研究结果对填补江河N2O数据具有积极意义,为进一步了解沉积物微生物群落结构及功能菌在黄河治理中的应用提供参考,有助于黄河的保护和净化计划。

黄河内蒙古段  /  氧化亚氮  /  群落多样性  /  浓度和通量  /  影响因素

[Objective] Within the framework of global climate governance and considering the pivotal role of the Yellow River basin in China's ecological progress, this study focused on the Inner Mongolia segment of the Yellow River in July 2023. [Methods] We collected the surface sediment, water, and gas samples, with the aim of investigating the dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration in the water, the N2O emission flux (FN2O) at the water-air interface, and the microbial community composition and diversity in surface sediments. [Results] The results revealed that the dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration in the water of this segment varied between 0.547 8 mg/m3 and 0.598 2 mg/m3, with an average of 0.574 1 mg/m3. The FN2O at the water-air interface ranged from −3.645 3 mg/(m2·d) to 4.392 5 mg/(m2·d), averaging 1.086 1 mg/(m2·d), which suggested this area was a net source of atmospheric N2O. FN2O showed a significantly positive correlation with pH and a significantly negative correlation with potential. The surface sediments harbored 7 784 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with Proteobacteria (average abundance of 35.13%) being dominant. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), a category of nitrifying bacteria, presented low abundance, with 116 OTUs among which unclassified_d__Unclassified (average abundance of 31.69%) was the dominant genus. For denitrifying bacteria, 3 660 OTUs were identified, with unclassified_k__norank_d__Bacteria (average abundance of 63.12%) being the dominant genus. In view of the scarcity of N2O data for the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River, the findings of this study enrich the N2O data repository of the Yellow River. [Conclusion] This study not only augments our understanding of the microbial community structure and functionality in sediments but also supports the conservation and purification of the Yellow River.

Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River  /  nitrous oxide  /  community diversity  /  concentration and flux  /  influencing factors
乌音嘎, 王晓丽, 阿如汗, 吴霞, 虹霞, 贺晓雯, 刘娜. 黄河内蒙古段水体氧化亚氮溶存浓度、水-气界面排放通量和沉积物微生物群落结构. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (10) : 3780 -3797 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240198
Wuyinga, Xiaoli WANG, Aruhan, Xia WU, Xia HONG, Xiaowen HE, Na LIU. Dissolved concentration of nitrous oxide, water-air interface emission flux, and sediment microbial community structure in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (10) : 3780 -3797 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240198
温室气体排放造成的温室效应是当今世界三大环境问题之一[1],氧化亚氮(N2O)作为三大温室气体之一[2],具有显著的温室效应。尽管N2O在大气中的浓度排在二氧化碳(carbon dioxide, CO2)和甲烷(methane, CH4)之后,但它在吸收太阳辐射能量的能力上却显著超过前两者,其效率分别是CO2的300倍和CH4的12倍[3]。N2O在大气中的存在时间长达130至170年之久[4],N2O在大气中的稳定性极高,目前唯一已知的消耗路径是通过大气中的光化学反应,释放出的氮氧化物进一步破坏臭氧层。因此,N2O的排放量直接影响到臭氧层的恢复进程[5]。因此,N2O在不同生态系统中的生成与排放正受到广大研究者的关注。
河流作为N2O的重要排放源,也是全球N2O收支核算的重要贡献者[6]。N2O的产生途径主要包括硝化、反硝化、硝化细菌反硝化、硝酸盐异化还原成铵等微生物过程[7]。然而,消耗N2O的微生物途径仅有N2O还原过程一条[8]。河流N2O是多种氮转化的副产物或中间产物,主要受微生物调控[9]。河流N2O的产生和排放不仅受河流内部水环境条件的调控,还受到土地利用类型等流域特征的影响[10]
沉积物微生物群落结构与沉积物环境紧密相关且可以反映出河流生态系统的健康状况,微生物(包括细菌、真菌和古菌)在河流及沉积物中的营养转化与氮素循环、有机物的形成与分解、能量流动及各种其他生态过程中发挥着重要作用[11-12]。微生物种类丰富,功能多样,对环境变化十分敏感[13-14],是环境变化的重要指示物。河流微生物群落结构和演替过程影响河流中物质的迁移和转化[15],反映河流生态系统受到外部干扰的程度。
内蒙古自治区是黄河上游的重要源头地区之一,为Ⅰ−Ⅲ类水质[16]。境内河流、湖泊和地下水资源又是黄河水系的重要补给源,直接影响着黄河流域的水资源供给。黄河内蒙古段流经地区有工业、农业、旅游区等,同时也流经草原、沙漠等具有地貌特征的地区,是较具地域特色和代表性的河段。河流的地域差异性以及N2O产排机制较为复杂,现有关于N2O生成和排放的研究多集中于农业生态系统,水生生态系统中N2O的排放受到的关注较少,需要更多的研究进行填补说明[17]。因此,本研究对黄河内蒙古段水体氧化亚氮的溶存浓度、水-气界面N2O排放通量FN2O的变化特征及其影响因素和沉积物微生物的群落结构进行了探究。期望研究结果为河流N2O的排放提供数据支持,为估算河流温室气体的排放提供参考,为进一步了解沉积物微生物群落结构及功能菌在黄河治理中的应用提供参考,有助于黄河的保护和净化计划。
黄河全长约为5 464 km,流域面积为752 400 km2。起源于青藏高原东部,自西向东流经青海、甘肃、宁夏回族自治区、内蒙古自治区、陕西、山西、河南及山东等9个省(自治区),总体呈“几”字型[18-19]。黄河内蒙古段全长830 km[4],从宁夏石嘴山附近流入内蒙古自治区境内,石嘴山到呼和浩特市托克托县(Tuo Xian, TX)属于黄河上游,上游以山地为主。TX到老牛湾景区(Laoniuwan, LNW)属于黄河中游,黄河中下游以平原、丘陵为主。考虑到工业、农业、污水排放以及人为因素都会对温室气体排放通量产生影响,因此本研究在黄河内蒙古段设6个采样点:分别为拥有丰富的煤炭资源的工业城市乌海(Wuhai, WH)、地处河套平原的临河(Linhe, LH)、大规模农业种植的乌拉特前旗(Wulateqian Qi, QQ)、经济中心和工业城市的包头(Baotou, BT)、厂房众多的TX和旅游景区LNW。总体上各采样点位于黄河流域的最北端,地貌以高原为主,平均海拔在1 000 m以上,属温带大陆性季风气候。季节变化明显,春季风大、夏季炎热、秋季早晚温差大、冬季严寒,全区年平均降水量为314.5 mm[20]。黄河内蒙古段河道泥沙淤积主要来源于内蒙古境内的乌兰布和沙漠和库布齐沙漠,因此河流及沉积物都具有一定的典型性和代表性[21]表1为采样点的基本情况介绍。
根据河流分布及水文特征,野外采样展开于2023年7月,在黄河内蒙古段设置的6个采样点进行样品采集。水体溶解氧(dissolved oxygen, DO)、电位(oxidation reduction potential, ORP)和电导率(electrical conductivity, EC)等使用便携式水质监测仪原位实时测得,平均风速和采样时的气温(temperature, T)由内蒙古气象局提供。野外使用黄河上覆水冲洗聚乙烯瓶3−5次,再将聚乙烯瓶置于水面以下采集水样,当水完全充满聚乙烯瓶为止,平行采集3份水样,将其置于暗箱低温环境(4 ℃)中,在4 h内带回实验室,冷藏保存至4 ℃的冷藏箱中,并用于后续理化性质的测定。
在实验室使用国标法测定总氮(total nitrogen, TN)浓度、氨氮(NH4+-N)浓度、总磷(total phosphorus, TP)浓度,使用总有机碳分析仪测定溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC)、过滤法测定总悬浮固体(total suspended solids, TSS)浓度。所有实验平行测定3份,在1周内测定完毕。
水体中溶解的N2O气体采集使用的是顶空平衡法[22-24]:将收集的水样利用虹吸原理分装于3个120 mL顶空瓶中,将60 mL高纯氮气注射入120 mL顶空瓶内置换出60 mL水,在顶空瓶上部形成顶空,振荡60 s后静置0.5 h使瓶内水气平衡,然后将顶空气体转移到镀铝内膜的气体采样袋中带回实验室测定浓度。
N2O溶存浓度的按照公式(1)计算[25-26]
式中:Cwater是河流表层水体温室气体的浓度,µmol/L;C0是平衡器内气液平衡时气相中N2O的浓度,µmol/L;T是平衡过程中水体的温度,℃;22.4是标准状况下的气体摩尔体积,L/mol;R是理想气体状态常数,8.314 J/(mol·K);V0是平衡器中气体的体积,mL;V1是平衡器中水体的体积,mL;β是Bunsen系数,L/(L·Pa)。
Bunsen系数是在一个标准大气压的条件下,单位体积的纯溶剂溶解气体溶质的最大体积,β的计算见公式(2)[26]
式中:KH为采样时水温和标准大气压条件下的N2O的Henry常数,µmol/(L·Pa),其计算按照公式(3)进行。
式中:KHθ是在0 ℃和101 325 Pa条件下的Henry常数,根据文献[27]N2O的KHθ值为0.024 µmol/(L·Pa);Kr是表征Henry常数随温度变化的参数;T是水样的实际温度,℃,Tθ为0 ℃。
水-气界面气体采集使用静态箱法[24, 28-29]:用特制箱子罩在一定面积液体的下垫面上方,隔绝箱内外气体的交换,是只对底部的水面气体开放的通量箱,通常N2O浓度在箱内顶空呈只对底部(水面)气体开放的通量箱,能在一定时间内监测N2O箱内浓度,通常N2O浓度在箱内顶空增长,每5 min抽取1次气体,抽取气体转移进气袋中带回实验室,最后使用气相色谱仪测定N2O的浓度。采样前,抽样查看采样袋是否漏气膨胀,以确保采样袋在存储和运输的过程中无泄漏。采样时,首先用橡胶管把采样袋跟便携式采样泵连上,并将采样泵带有针头的另一端插入静态箱中。先打开便携式气体采样泵,再打开采样袋上的采样阀,空气样品在泵的抽取下进入采样袋,每次抽取100−200 mL气体。其中应注意采样阀不宜开得过大,开得过大会导致采样袋漏气使采样泵无法将采样袋充满。通过气相色谱法[30-31]测定气体样品中N2O的含量。
气相色谱法是指每隔一定时间抽取采样袋气体,利用气相色谱仪测定该气体浓度,从而计算出被测气体的交换通量[32]。气相色谱仪的前进样口温度为375 ℃,柱温为55 ℃,前后电子捕获检测器温度分别为350 ℃和200 ℃。在样品分析过程中随机插入标准气体进行质量控制。静态箱法N2O的气体通量由公式(4)计算[33-34]
式中:F为温室气体通量,mg/(m2·d);K为拟气直线的斜率;F1为浓度转换系数;F2为min与h的转化系数;V为浮箱有效容积,m3A为交界面表面积,m2F3为μg与mg的转化系数。
采集0−10 cm的河流表层沉积物,一部分装入采样袋中低温带回实验室进行沉积物理化性质的测定。一部分沉积物装入50 mL离心管中,立即放入装满干冰的泡沫箱中并送至上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司进行微生物DNA的提取,提取合格的DNA进行PCR扩增和产物纯化,PCR反应体系:2×Pro Taq 10 µL,正、反向引物(5 μmol/L)各0.8 µL,DNA模板10 ng/µL,ddH2O补至20 µL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性3 min;95 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸45 s,35个循环;72 ℃延伸10 min。扩增结束后,采用2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR产物,上样量为3 µL。然后对PCR产物进行定量和均一化,构建Illumina平台文库,进行Illumina平台测序,使用冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)对环境因子进行多元直接梯度分析反映菌群与环境因子之间关系;通过相关性热图发现top10的优势微生物与环境因子之间的相关性大小,说明影响环境变量的关键微生物物种。高通量测序引物序列表如表2所示。测序的序列提交并上传到NCBI数据库,相关的登录号信息如下:BioProject ID为PRJNA1100980,Submission ID为SUB14382376。
本研究所有原始数据使用Microsoft Excel 2019进行标准化处理和计算,使用Arc GIS 10.8进行采样点制图,使用Origin 9.1进行N2O通量与环境变量、水样和沉积物理化性质间相关的数据处理分析,通过皮尔逊双变量分析和偏相关分析研究水-气界面N2O通量的环境影响因子,并进行线性回归拟合分析,以P < 0.05作为相关,P < 0.01作为显著相关,P < 0.001作为极显著相关。采用邻近算法,按照97%相似性对非重复序列(不含单序列)进行可操作性分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)聚类分析。微生物多样性指数中ACE指数和Chao1指数用于表征物种丰富度。香农指数(Shannon index)与辛普森指数(Simpson index)相结合,通常用来反映α多样性指数。香农指数值越大,群落多样性越高。辛普森指数值越大,表明群落多样性越低。生态优势度指数(sobs指数)反映的是样本实际包含的物种数目。sobs指数越大,说明群落内物种数量分布越不均匀,优势种的地位越突出。
2023年7月黄河内蒙古段流域气温变化范围在28−33 ℃之间,平均气温为31 ℃;风速变化范围在2−3 m/s之间,平均值为2.2 m/s。本研究中测定的基本理化性质结果见图1。其中,水温(temperature of water, Tw)变化范围在23.8−26.8 ℃之间,平均温度为25.6 ℃;pH值变化范围在6.70−8.28之间,平均值为7.75,水体呈弱碱性;DO变化范围在7.22−70.06 mg/L之间,平均值为28.87 mg/L;EC变化范围在561−1 004 μS/cm之间,平均值为811 μS/cm;ORP变化范围在−72.8−−17.4 mV之间,平均值为−48.9 mV;TSS变化范围在138−582 mg/L之间,平均值为284 mg/L;TP变化范围在0.039−0.568 mg/L之间,平均值为0.040 mg/L;TA变化范围在74.73−98.75 mg/L之间,平均值为88.36 mg/L。
图2为黄河内蒙古段表层水体中NH4+-N、NO3-N和TN含量随水体N2O溶存浓度和FN2O的变化的拟合曲线图,NO3-N整体在0.840−1.510 mg/L之间浮动,平均值为1.100 mg/L;NH4+-N在0.787−2.114 mg/L之间浮动,平均值为1.139 mg/L;TN在5.968−8.009 mg/L之间浮动,平均值为7.124 mg/L;从图2A可知,NH4+-N (R2=0.255)和TN (R2=0.025)的分布较为离散,NO3-N (R2=0.122)的拟合较好。可以表明,水体中较高的NH4+-N浓度促进硝化作用从而会产生更多的N2O[35]。从图2B可知,c(N2O) (R2=0.319)拟合得较好,其余点较为离散。
本研究测定了沉积物中的NH4+-N、TN、TP、烧失量(loss on ignition, LOI)和阳离子交换量(cation exchange capacity, CEC),结果见表3。由表3可知,NH4+-N变化范围在14.75−42.42 mg/kg之间,平均值为26.42 mg/kg;TN变化范围在0.83−4.04 mg/kg之间,平均值为2.23 mg/kg;TP变化范围在36.23−61.06 mg/kg之间,平均值为50.37 mg/kg;LOI变化范围在5.63%−12.90%之间,平均值为7.69%;CEC变化范围在1.30−10.35 cmol/kg之间,平均值为3.62 cmol/kg;体积平均粒径变化范围在25.90−33.27 µm之间,平均值为30.96 µm。
通过图3对比黄河内蒙古段6个采样点的N2O溶存浓度和排放通量的平均值后发现,水体N2O溶存浓度高于大气中N2O浓度,可证明湖泊温室气体的平衡浓度相较于大气过饱和,这一现象与天津市滨海河流N2O的研究是相同的[36]。内蒙古地区夏季的降水量较其他季节偏高,降水冲刷能使更多的土壤流入黄河,间接导致河流中的N2O过饱和,致使河流温室气体排放量增加。N2O溶存浓度变化范围在0.547 8−0.598 2 mg/m3之间,均值为0.574 1 mg/m3,最高值出现在TX,最低值出现在BT;大气中N2O的浓度变化范围在0.542 9−0.566 1 mg/m3之间,均值为0.553 4 mg/m3,最大值出现在TX,最小值出现在BT,变化走势与N2O溶存浓度大致相同;FN2O变化范围为−3.645 3−4.392 5 mg/(m2·d),均值为1.086 1 mg/(m2·d)。其中,WH和BT的N2O通量为负值,说明河流从大气中吸收气体,表现为大气N2O的“汇”,其他采样点为正值,说明河流向大气排放气体,为大气N2O的“源”且值高于“汇”。总体上看,黄河内蒙古段表现为大气N2O的“源”,与其他研究结果[37-40]一致。
本研究综合考虑了河流N2O浓度和水文等条件,使得本研究计算结果更加可靠。黄河内蒙古段水体N2O溶存浓度、FN2O和环境因子的相关性分析结果如图4所示。将数据结合起来进行皮尔逊相关性分析后得出,黄河内蒙古段水-气界面FN2O主要受到pH和氧化还原电位的影响。其中,FN2O和pH呈极显著正相关(P < 0.001),与电位呈显著负相关(P < 0.01);N2O溶存浓度及通量与其他水质参数未表现出明显的相关性。
表4为6个采样点的沉积物样品所获得的多样性数据,共18个沉积物样品。本研究检索出细菌7 784个OTUs,分属于56门178纲436目696科1 290属2 659种,主要为变形菌门(Proteobacterota)占优势;氨氧化古菌116个OTUs分属于6门8纲9目9科9属15种,属水平上unclassified_d__Unclassified为优势菌群。反硝化细菌的3 660个OTUs分属4门8纲8目26科38属62种,属水平上unclassified_k__norank_ d__Bacteria为优势类群。细菌的ACE指数在2 345.96−5 109.92之间,AOA的ACE指数在42.28−90.05之间,反硝化细菌ACE指数在384.30−4 132.70之间。各样本的覆盖率在87.97%−99.98%之间,表明大多数样本的采样足以代表土著物种且较为丰富。其中,QQ的变形菌门(50.33%)占细菌整体比例最大;BT的unclassified_d__Unclassified (57.99%)占AOA整体比例最大,LH的unclassified_k__norank_d__ Bacteria (78.76%)占反硝化细菌整体比例最大。而ACE指数、Shannon指数和sobs指数进一步显示出细菌群落结构和反硝化细菌里WH最为丰富且多样性最高、AOA里TX最丰富且多样性最高。与之对应WH和TX沉积物中的TP含量也较其他采样点高,这说明WH和TX为更多的微生物提供了生存空间。
图5展示了各采样点细菌群落相对丰度组成,细菌门水平上top10的优势类群为变形菌门,占总细菌群落的23.13%−50.33%,均值为35.13%。大多数为兼性或专性厌氧的革兰氏阴性菌,可以有效去除废水中的有机物。变形菌门可以通过异养或从太阳光中获得能量进行代谢,多样化的能量途径有利于其在自然界中存在[41]。其次为绿弯菌门(Chloroflexota),占4.90%−14.80%,均值为10.25%。绿弯菌门是一类光合作用细菌,具有独特的叶绿素荧光素a/b吸收光谱。在水生和陆地环境中广泛存在,同时也是好氧异养菌,在活性污泥系统中有较好的生物除磷作用,但当绿弯菌门丝状菌大量生长变为优势菌群时会引发污泥膨胀从而降低活性污泥沉降性能。酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)占4.57%−21.24%,均值为10.28%,其是革兰氏阴性菌,在土壤中发挥着重要的分解和生物转化作用,对土壤健康和植物生长有着重要影响。因此在河流或沉积物中普遍存在,但现在对它们研究较少;放线菌门(Actinomycetota)占3.80%−15.40%,均值为8.79%,绝大多数为异养好氧型,在好氧条件下可以吸收磷元素,在厌氧条件下可以分解氨基酸等有机物。拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)占2.97%−14.33%,均值为8.53%,其为专性厌氧微生物,具有降解生物大分子蛋白质和多糖的能力,是降解化学需氧量的主要菌群。脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)占2.03%−5.91%,均值为3.90%,其能将硫化物和亚铁盐还原成硫和硫酸盐,这个过程对于全球硫循环的平衡和维持非常重要,硫化物和硫酸盐是水体和土壤中重要的化学成分。脱硫杆菌门还具有生物修复的潜力,能够对土壤中的污染物进行厌氧转化,减少铀、铬和铁等有毒金属,并对环境中的污染物进行转化。硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirota)占1.45%−4.61%,均值为2.83%,其是一类革兰氏阴性细菌,是污水处理厂中执行亚硝酸盐氧化功能的关键类群。厚壁菌门(Firmicuteota)占1.60%−5.67%,均值为3.33%,其是可抵抗极端环境的革兰氏阳性菌,能在有氧或缺氧的环境中进行代谢,并参与了硝化、反硝化过程[42],细胞壁肽聚糖含量较高。芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)占1.59%−6.55%,均值为2.85%,其在低氧或缺氧条件下能够生长,并且耐受一定的重金属和有机污染物。芽单胞菌门在土壤和水体中发挥重要的生态功能,如有机物分解和氮循环等;还能降解土壤中的钾元素,并释放出可溶性钾以及其他中微量元素,如钙、硫、镁、铁、锌、钼、锰等来提供营养,增强作物的抗逆性能;更能够促进土壤团粒结构的形成,防止土壤板结和土壤水分蒸发,从而活化土壤,提高土壤肥力。蓝绿藻门(Cyanobacteriota)占0.63%−9.21%,均值为3.05%,有些细菌能通过产氧光合作用获取能量,有些也能通过异营来获取能量。蓝绿藻门还可以对细胞进行保护和筛选物质进出,调解细胞代谢生长,与N和P浓度具有耦合关系[43]。除变形菌门、绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门外,放线菌门、拟杆菌门和蓝藻菌门也是水体浮游细菌群落中的常见优势类群[44-45]
沉积物AOA群落组成在属水平上的相对丰度见图6A,优势菌分别为unclassified_d__ Unclassified,相对丰度在15.54%−57.99%之间。其次是norank_p__Crenarchaeota (17.56%−39.99%)、norank_d__Archaea (0.78%−35.78)、unclassified_ k__norank_d__Archaea (5.55%−17.64%)、norank_ d__Bacteria (0.23%−14.22%)、norank_p__ Thaumarchaeota (0.94%−6.76%)、氮球菌属(Nitrosphaera,0.34%−6.65%)、产氧脱氮古菌(Nitrosopumilus,0.31%−5.87%)和unclassified_ p__Thaumarchaeota (0.03%−1.63%)。氮球菌属好氧,但能在低氧压下生长。几乎所有菌株能产生水溶性或荧光色素,能利用糖、醇、有机酸和盐类生长。每消耗1 g碳水化合物(通常是葡萄糖)至少可固氮10 mg,而产氧脱氮古菌会通过不同的途径产生氮气和氧气。其中,N2O充当中间产物而被吸收或排放。图6B为反硝化细菌属水平群落组成的相对丰度,其中优势菌为unclassified_k__norank_d__Bacteria,相对丰度在54.04%−78.76%之间。其次是unclassified_p__Proteobacterota (9.95%−23.16%)、unclassified_c__Betaproteobacteria (2.42%−8.28%)、norank_d__Bacteria (1.43%−10.80%)、unclassified_f__Rhodobacteraceae (0.77%−6.29%)、芳香菌属(Aromatoleum,0.11%−11.43%)、unclassified_o__Rhodocyclales (0.65%−3.99%)、固氮弓菌属(Azoarcus,0.08%−5.15%)、unclassified_o__Burkholderiales (0.27%−1.46%)和副球菌属(Paracoccus,0.14%−1.88%)。其中芳香菌属通常参与硝化过程和有机物释放出氮化合物的分解代谢过程。固氮弓菌属依赖硝酸盐,在硝化过程中有固氮作用,会增加沉积物中的氮含量。副球菌属多数好氧,是以有机碳作为能源的异养硝化菌。
为探究细菌群落组成与N2O通量的相关性,将样本中细菌门水平群落分别与N2O排放通量进行RDA分析,结果见图7A。优势菌群用箭头表示,箭头长短表示菌群对物种影响程度,线越长影响越大。箭头间的夹角代表正、负相关性(锐角:正相关;钝角:负相关;直角:无相关性);从样品点向箭头做投影,投影点距离原点的距离代表菌群对样本点整体群落分布相对影响的大小。由图7可知,沉积物中细菌群落对N2O通量变化的解释度为86.33%。变形菌门和酸杆菌门与N2O排放通量呈正相关。绿弯菌门与N2O排放通量呈显著负相关。例如样本点QQ和LNW细菌群落组成与N2O排放通量呈正相关,样本点WH、LH、BT和TX细菌群落组成与N2O排放通量呈显著负相关。
将AOA和反硝化细菌属水平群落分别与N2O排放通量进行RDA分析,如图7B7C所示。由图7可知,沉积物中AOA对N2O通量变化的解释度为91.97%。其中norank_p__Crenarchaeota与N2O排放通量呈显著正相关,unclassified_d__ Unclassified和氮球菌属与N2O排放通量呈显著负相关,产氧脱氮古菌与N2O排放通量呈负相关。例如AOA对样本点BT的群落分布的相对影响最大。反硝化细菌群落对N2O通量变化的解释度为82.11%。unclassified_k__norank_d__ Bacteria与N2O排放通量呈显著正相关,unclassified_p__Proteobacterota与N2O排放通量呈显著负相关,unclassified_c__Betaproteobacteria与N2O排放通量呈负相关。反硝化细菌对样本点TX的群落分布的相对影响最大。
微生物易受环境因子的改变而影响群落结构[46]。如图8A所示,NH4+-N与Bacteroidota呈显著正相关(P < 0.01),Tw与变形菌门呈显著负相关(P < 0.01),张紫薇等[47]利用RDA分析发现,Tw是影响水体内微生物群落结构变化的重要驱动因素。ECw与硝化螺旋菌门呈负相关(P < 0.05),TP与芽单胞菌门呈负相关(P < 0.05)。NH4+-N和Tw对沉积物中细菌群落的影响较大。
图8B所示,产氧脱氮古菌与LOI和CEC呈显著正相关(P < 0.01),与DOw呈正相关(P < 0.05)。norank_d__Bacteria与TSSw呈正相关(P < 0.05),TSS是浮游微生物群落结构与食物网变化的主要驱动因素之一[43]。pHw与norank_p__Thaumarchaeota呈极显著负相关(P < 0.001),与产氧脱氮古菌呈负相关(P < 0.05)。norank_p__Crenarchaeotaunclassified_k__ norank_d__Archaea与TP呈负相关(P < 0.05)。pHw对沉积物中细菌群落的影响较大。在富营养化水体中,氮素对部分微生物有限制作用[48],本研究中也表明沉积物NH4+-N和TN浓度对AOA群落结构无显著影响。如图8C所示,TN与unclassified_f__Rhodobacteraceae和副球菌属呈正相关(P < 0.05)。pHw与unclassified_o__ Burkholderiales呈负相关(P < 0.05),Tw与norank_d__Bacteria呈负相关(P < 0.05),TP与芳香菌属、unclassified_o__Rhodocyclales和固氮弓菌属都是呈负相关(P < 0.05)。
沉积物微生物群落组成结构和功能通常被认为对有机物、某些无机盐和含氧量等水的物理化学性质的变化很敏感[49-50]。然而表层沉积物微生物群落的结构对位置、深度和温度的变化都十分敏感。本研究未对沉积物深度进行探究,其余物理化学性质的变化还需要在未来的长期时间尺度上进行验证。期望之后能进一步研究其他细菌群落结构及其相互作用机理,这可能有助于改进黄河内蒙古段的保护和设计。
本研究揭示了黄河内蒙古段水体中N2O的溶存浓度、水-气界面N2O排放通量和沉积物微生物群落结构与多样性。结果表明,水体N2O溶存浓度变化范围在0.547 8−0.598 2 mg/m3之间,均值为0.574 1 mg/m3,最高值出现在TX,最低值出现在BT。FN2O变化范围为−3.645 3− 4.392 5 mg/(m2·d),均值为1.086 1 mg/(m2·d),总体表现为大气的“源”。FN2O表现出明显的空间差异,主要受到pH和电位的影响。其中,FN2O和pH呈极显著正相关,与电位呈显著负相关。
本研究利用Illumina MiSeq测序技术,对黄河内蒙古段表层沉积物中微生物群落结构和多样性进行了分析。细菌群落结构和反硝化细菌里WH的最为丰富且多样性最高、AOA里TX最丰富且多样性最高。表层沉积物中细菌的7 784个OTUs分属于56门178纲436目696科1 290属2 659种,变形菌门为最优势菌,top10占细菌总比85%以上。AOA相关基因丰度较低,检测到116个OTUs分属于6门8纲9目9科9属15种,unclassified_d__Unclassified为优势菌属(平均丰度为31.69%),top10占比90%以上。反硝化细菌的3 660个OTUs分属4门8纲8目26科38属62种,优势菌属为unclassified_k__ norank_d__Bacteria (平均丰度为63.12%),top10占比90%以上。ECw、TP、NH4+-N、Tw、LOI、CEC、DOw、TSSw、pHw和TN等环境因子对黄河内蒙古段沉积物细菌群落分布影响较大。本研究揭示了黄河内蒙古段N2O的空间差异。表明N2O的生成主要以反硝化作用为主,但在时间上的差异还有待于进一步研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42167027)
  • 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2020MS04013)
  • 内蒙古自治区水环境安全协同创新中心(XTCX003)
  • 内蒙古自治区教育厅资助内蒙古师范大学优秀研究生科研创新基金(2023HHYC012)
  • 内蒙古师范大学支持在校优秀学生提升基本科研能力基金(2024BKCX06)
  • 内蒙古师范大学支持在校优秀学生提升基本科研能力基金(2024BKCX07)
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2024年第64卷第10期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240198
  • 接收时间:2024-03-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-07-24
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-26
  • 录用日期:2024-07-19
基金
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42167027)
国家自然科学基金(42167027)
Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2020MS04013)
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2020MS04013)
Collaborative Innovation Centre for Water Environment Safety of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(XTCX003)
内蒙古自治区水环境安全协同创新中心(XTCX003)
Fundamental Research Funds for Inner Mongolia Normal University(2023HHYC012)
内蒙古自治区教育厅资助内蒙古师范大学优秀研究生科研创新基金(2023HHYC012)
Inner Mongolia Normal University Supporting Excellent Students to Enhance Basic Research Abilities Fund Project(2024BKCX06)
内蒙古师范大学支持在校优秀学生提升基本科研能力基金(2024BKCX06)
Inner Mongolia Normal University Supporting Excellent Students to Enhance Basic Research Abilities Fund Project(2024BKCX07)
内蒙古师范大学支持在校优秀学生提升基本科研能力基金(2024BKCX07)
作者信息
    1 内蒙古师范大学 化学与环境科学学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022
    2 内蒙古自治区环境化学重点实验室, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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