Article(id=1242093871535034775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240213, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711900800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1720108800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-07-05, onlineDate=1774067855962, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1720713600000, pubDateStr=2024-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774067855962, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774067855962, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774067855962, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242093864144666765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='10', pageStart='3571', pageEnd='3997', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774067854200, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774067980255, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242094392937353679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242094392937353680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3809, endPage=3824, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242093872780743164, articleId=1242093871535034775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Isolation of bacteria activating phosphorus and hydrolyzing complex organic matter from the rhizosphere soil of Carya cathayensis Sarg., columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Multipurpose bioorganic fertilizers contribute to the sustainable development of the Carya cathayensis Sarg. industry. This work aims to explore the resources of phosphorus (P)-mobilizing bacteria (PMBs) with plant growth-promoting effects from the rhizosphere soil of C. cathayensis Sarg. [Methods] PMBs were isolated with the dilution-plate coating method and identified based on 16S rRNA gene homology. Moreover, plate and liquid culture tests were conducted to determine their biological functions. [Results] A total of 34 strains of PMBs were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of C. cathayensis Sarg. These PMBs belonged to 10 genera of four phyla: Bacillota, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Gracilicutes. Among them, Bacillus (12 strains), Burkholderia (9 strains), and Pseudomonas (5 strains) were the dominant genera, with the strains accounting for 76.47% of the total isolated PMBs. After inoculation of PMBs, the content of soluble P produced by PMBs was 7.01–49.97, 3.61–27.11, 4.56–342.82, 27.71–544.53, and 3.28–27.17 mg/L in the culture media with AlPO4, FePO4, Ca3(PO4)2, sodium phytate, and lecithin as the sole P source, respectively. Twenty-three strains were capable of simultaneously mobilize insoluble inorganic and organic P components. Additionally, 20, 7, 23, 12, 10, 14, and 13 strains of PMBs could produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, extracellular protease, β-1, 3-glucanase, cellulase, phosphatase, and lipase, respectively, among which strains S3-6L and S3-22L exhibited five biological functions. [Conclusion] The PMBs identified in this study possess high P mobilization capability and multiple biological functions, enriching the resources of PMB strains and laying a foundation for the development of efficient, green, and composite microbial fertilizers for C. cathayensis Sarg.

, correspAuthors=Liyuan PENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*PENG Liyuan, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yanmei ZHANG, Mengjie ZHENG, Shijie YANG, Quanjie WU, Jianqin HUANG, Liyuan PENG, Hua QIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1242093877570638605, articleId=1242093871535034775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=山核桃根际解磷及水解复杂有机物细菌的分离, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】挖掘兼具多种促生功能的山核桃根际解磷细菌(phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria, PMBs)菌株资源,研发多功能生物有机肥,促进山核桃产业绿色、可持续发展。【方法】采用稀释涂布平板法分离获取山核桃根际PMBs,测定其生物学功能并基于16S rRNA基因同源性鉴定其分类学地位。【结果】从山核桃根际土共分离获得34株PMBs,其主要来自厚壁菌门(Bacillota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、薄壁菌门(Gracilicutes)下的10属细菌,以芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus) (12株)、伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia) (9株)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas) (5株) 3个属菌较多,共计占比76.47%。在含不同难溶性有机/无机磷源的培养基中接种PMBs后,产生的可溶性磷含量范围分别为:7.01−49.97 mg/L (磷酸铝)、3.61−27.11 mg/L (磷酸铁)、4.56−342.82 mg/L (磷酸三钙)、27.71−544.53 mg/L (植酸钠)和3.28−27.17 mg/L (卵磷脂)。其中23株PMBs能同时溶解难溶性无机磷和有机磷。分别有20、7、23、12、10、14、13株PMBs能产吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)、铁载体和胞外蛋白酶、β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、磷酸酶及脂肪酶,其中菌株S3-6L和S3-22L具有5种生物学功能。【结论】本研究筛选到的PMBs同时具有较高溶解磷的能力和多种生物学功能,丰富了PMB菌种资源,为研发高效、绿色山核桃复合微生物菌肥奠定了基础。

, correspAuthors=彭丽媛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=O5Worcuv4+tUkJ/1ElBaFw==, magXml=jMbf/QI8aKuMDvehPZnC8Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=d0FSs0okKE7Cen/p23t7lw==, pdfFileSize=1042174, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Kg7RXlbQOoIczzN7Yq+uxg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=afWpM6b/db1swWoI1zOCDg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=张艳梅, 郑梦杰, 杨士杰, 吴权杰, 黄坚钦, 彭丽媛, 秦华)}, authors=[Author(id=1243285158246335056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1243285158380552793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, authorId=1243285158246335056, language=EN, stringName=Yanmei ZHANG, firstName=Yanmei, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
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Acta Horticulturae, 2022(1339):331-338., articleTitle=Assessment of IAA synthesis by endophytic bacteria in Vanda (Orchidaceae), refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1243285164382602159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, awardId=LQ23C160004, language=EN, fundingSource=Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund(LQ23C160004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1243285164474876850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, awardId=LQ23C160004, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省自然科学基金青年项目(LQ23C160004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1243285164588123066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, awardId=32301562, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301562), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1243285164688786366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, 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A: Inorganic phosphorus source. B: Organic phosphorus source. The net soluble phosphorus content is the difference between the soluble phosphorus concentration in the inoculated medium and that in the uninoculated medium., figureFileSmall=XaSGwn+Og4XeDAX72ZhJRg==, figureFileBig=bwtLiuJOUlalwgKrDsBgsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285162906207074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, language=CN, label=图3, caption=细菌的解磷能力测定, figureFileSmall=XaSGwn+Og4XeDAX72ZhJRg==, figureFileBig=bwtLiuJOUlalwgKrDsBgsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285163040424813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Siderophore and hydrolase secretion capacity of PMBs., figureFileSmall=mkWX2BeA9CYpIxdAhoGaiw==, figureFileBig=UBBvnOL8CNc5iy2Sax7JOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285163162059636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PMBs产铁载体和水解酶分泌能力, figureFileSmall=mkWX2BeA9CYpIxdAhoGaiw==, figureFileBig=UBBvnOL8CNc5iy2Sax7JOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285163287888761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Soil chemical properties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SamplespHAvailable nitrogen (mg/kg)Available phosphorus (mg/kg)Available potassium (mg/kg)Organic matter (g/kg)
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
S14.73±0.09b169.8±12.3a15.02±1.03a162.4±21.2a50.90±2.83a
S24.92±0.06ab110.3±10.1b4.23±0.91c127.8±6.0a38.48±4.97b
S35.21±0.10a132.8±5.2b8.65±0.58b147.0±24.8a55.87±1.95a
), ArticleFig(id=1243285163405329283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

土壤化学性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SamplespHAvailable nitrogen (mg/kg)Available phosphorus (mg/kg)Available potassium (mg/kg)Organic matter (g/kg)
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
S14.73±0.09b169.8±12.3a15.02±1.03a162.4±21.2a50.90±2.83a
S24.92±0.06ab110.3±10.1b4.23±0.91c127.8±6.0a38.48±4.97b
S35.21±0.10a132.8±5.2b8.65±0.58b147.0±24.8a55.87±1.95a
), ArticleFig(id=1243285163543741322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria (PMBs) isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Carya cathayensis Sarg.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Serial numberSamplesPhosphorus sourceStrainsD/dPhosphate dissolved zone
S1: Sample site 1; S2: Sample site 2; S3: Sample site 3. D: Colony diameter+halo (cm); d: Colony diameter (cm).
1S1LecithinS1-2L2.65
2S1LecithinS1-11L1.56
3S1Tricalcium phosphateS1-12T2.16
4S1LecithinS1-17L2.63
5S1LecithinS1-23L1.97
6S1Calcium phytateS1-9C2.81
7S2Calcium phytateS2-10C1.24
8S2Tricalcium phosphateS2-11T2.25
9S2Tricalcium phosphateS2-13T2.29
10S2LecithinS2-17L2.43
11S2Calcium phytateS2-19C2.15
12S2LecithinS2-1L1.71
13S2LecithinS2-23L3.82
14S2Tricalcium phosphateS2-25T1.14
15S2LecithinS2-2L3.06
16S2LecithinS2-4L2.63
17S2Tricalcium phosphateS2-4T1.09
18S2Calcium phytateS2-5C1.41
19S2LecithinS2-8L1.95
20S3Calcium phytateS3-12C3.75
21S3Tricalcium phosphateS3-14T3.18
22S3LecithinS3-15L1.91
23S3Calcium phytateS3-16C2.83
24S3Tricalcium phosphateS3-17T2.15
25S3LecithinS3-1L2.60
26S3LecithinS3-21L1.19
27S3LecithinS3-22L2.98
28S3Tricalcium phosphateS3-29T3.12
29S3Tricalcium phosphateS3-31T2.18
30S3Calcium phytateS3-32C2.20
31S3Calcium phytateS3-35C1.95
32S3Calcium phytateS3-3C1.24
33S3LecithinS3-6L2.08
34S3Calcium phytateS3-7C1.41
), ArticleFig(id=1243285163669570449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

山核桃根际土分离的解磷菌

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Serial numberSamplesPhosphorus sourceStrainsD/dPhosphate dissolved zone
S1: Sample site 1; S2: Sample site 2; S3: Sample site 3. D: Colony diameter+halo (cm); d: Colony diameter (cm).
1S1LecithinS1-2L2.65
2S1LecithinS1-11L1.56
3S1Tricalcium phosphateS1-12T2.16
4S1LecithinS1-17L2.63
5S1LecithinS1-23L1.97
6S1Calcium phytateS1-9C2.81
7S2Calcium phytateS2-10C1.24
8S2Tricalcium phosphateS2-11T2.25
9S2Tricalcium phosphateS2-13T2.29
10S2LecithinS2-17L2.43
11S2Calcium phytateS2-19C2.15
12S2LecithinS2-1L1.71
13S2LecithinS2-23L3.82
14S2Tricalcium phosphateS2-25T1.14
15S2LecithinS2-2L3.06
16S2LecithinS2-4L2.63
17S2Tricalcium phosphateS2-4T1.09
18S2Calcium phytateS2-5C1.41
19S2LecithinS2-8L1.95
20S3Calcium phytateS3-12C3.75
21S3Tricalcium phosphateS3-14T3.18
22S3LecithinS3-15L1.91
23S3Calcium phytateS3-16C2.83
24S3Tricalcium phosphateS3-17T2.15
25S3LecithinS3-1L2.60
26S3LecithinS3-21L1.19
27S3LecithinS3-22L2.98
28S3Tricalcium phosphateS3-29T3.12
29S3Tricalcium phosphateS3-31T2.18
30S3Calcium phytateS3-32C2.20
31S3Calcium phytateS3-35C1.95
32S3Calcium phytateS3-3C1.24
33S3LecithinS3-6L2.08
34S3Calcium phytateS3-7C1.41
), ArticleFig(id=1243285163799593880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Species identification results of PMBs isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Carya cathayensis Sarg.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsAppraisal resultName of closely related specieNCBI reference sequenceSimilarity (%)
S1-11LBacillus cabrialesiiBacillus cabrialesii TE3NR_180419.199.73
S1-12TBacillus xiamenensisBacillus xiamenensis MCCC 1A00008NR_148244.199.93
S1-17LBacillus subtilisBacillus subtilis DSM 10NR_027552.199.93
S1-23LBacillus cabrialesiiBacillus rugosus SPB7NR_181236.199.59
S1-2LBacillus cabrialesiiBacillus subtilis IAM 12118NR_180419.199.80
S1-9CXanthomonas melonisXanthomonas melonis LMG 8670NR_026384.199.79
S2-10CBacillus velezensisBacillus velezensis CBMB205NR_116240.199.79
S2-11TBacillus cabrialesiiBacillus inaquosorum BGSC 3A28NR_104873.199.73
S2-13TVariovorax ginsengisoliVariovorax ginsengisoli Gsoil 3165NR_112562.199.73
S2-17LBacillus velezensisBacillus velezensis FZB42NR_075005.299.59
S2-19CBacillus velezensisBacillus nakamurai NRRL B-41091NR_151897.199.39
S2-1LPseudomonas rhodesiaePseudomonas rhodesiae CIP 104664NR_024911.199.38
S2-23LMetabacillus niabensisMetabacillus niabensis 4T19NR_043334.199.86
S2-25TStreptomyces atratusStreptomyces atratus NBRC 3897NR_112503.199.86
S2-2LPseudomonas rhodesiaePseudomonas arenae VK110NR_181728.199.11
S2-4LBurkholderia stabilisBurkholderia stabilis LMG 14294NR_114522.199.65
S2-4TBacillus subtilisBacillus subtilis BCRC 10255NR_116017.199.73
S2-5CBurkholderia stabilisBurkholderia stabilis CIP 106845NR_116157.199.92
S2-8LBurkholderia stabilisBurkholderia contaminans J2956NR_104978.199.44
S3-12CBurkholderia ambifariaBurkholderia metallica R-16017NR_042636.199.45
S3-14TBurkholderia stabilisBurkholderia stabilis LMG 14294NR_041719.199.72
S3-15LBacillus zhangzhouensisBacillus zhangzhouensis MCCC 1A08372NR_148786.199.73
S3-16CPseudomonas vancouverensisPseudomonas vancouverensis DhA-51NR_041953.199.72
S3-17TBurkholderia paludisBurkholderia paludis MSh1NR_178850.199.25
S3-1LBurkholderia stabilisBurkholderia stabilis CIP 105874NR_116156.199.92
S3-21LArthrobacter globiformisArthrobacter globiformis DSM 20124NR_026187.199.10
S3-22LBurkholderia paludisBurkholderia lata 383NR_102890.199.25
S3-29TRhodococcus fasciansRhodococcus fascians CF17NR_037021.198.72
S3-31TPseudomonas rhodesiaePseudomonas marginalis LMG 2210NR_027230.199.17
S3-32CPseudomonas vancouverensisPseudomonas izuensis IzPS43_3003NR_181014.199.45
S3-35CBacillus velezensisBacillus velezensis CBMB205NR_116240.199.72
S3-3CArthrobacter bambusaeArthrobacter bambusae THG-GM18NR_133968.199.18
S3-6LBurkholderia ambifariaBurkholderia ambifaria AMMDNR_074687.199.39
S3-7CPaenibacillus taichungensisPaenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757NR_044428.199.74
), ArticleFig(id=1243285163921228699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

山核桃根际PMBs物种鉴定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsAppraisal resultName of closely related specieNCBI reference sequenceSimilarity (%)
S1-11LBacillus cabrialesiiBacillus cabrialesii TE3NR_180419.199.73
S1-12TBacillus xiamenensisBacillus xiamenensis MCCC 1A00008NR_148244.199.93
S1-17LBacillus subtilisBacillus subtilis DSM 10NR_027552.199.93
S1-23LBacillus cabrialesiiBacillus rugosus SPB7NR_181236.199.59
S1-2LBacillus cabrialesiiBacillus subtilis IAM 12118NR_180419.199.80
S1-9CXanthomonas melonisXanthomonas melonis LMG 8670NR_026384.199.79
S2-10CBacillus velezensisBacillus velezensis CBMB205NR_116240.199.79
S2-11TBacillus cabrialesiiBacillus inaquosorum BGSC 3A28NR_104873.199.73
S2-13TVariovorax ginsengisoliVariovorax ginsengisoli Gsoil 3165NR_112562.199.73
S2-17LBacillus velezensisBacillus velezensis FZB42NR_075005.299.59
S2-19CBacillus velezensisBacillus nakamurai NRRL B-41091NR_151897.199.39
S2-1LPseudomonas rhodesiaePseudomonas rhodesiae CIP 104664NR_024911.199.38
S2-23LMetabacillus niabensisMetabacillus niabensis 4T19NR_043334.199.86
S2-25TStreptomyces atratusStreptomyces atratus NBRC 3897NR_112503.199.86
S2-2LPseudomonas rhodesiaePseudomonas arenae VK110NR_181728.199.11
S2-4LBurkholderia stabilisBurkholderia stabilis LMG 14294NR_114522.199.65
S2-4TBacillus subtilisBacillus subtilis BCRC 10255NR_116017.199.73
S2-5CBurkholderia stabilisBurkholderia stabilis CIP 106845NR_116157.199.92
S2-8LBurkholderia stabilisBurkholderia contaminans J2956NR_104978.199.44
S3-12CBurkholderia ambifariaBurkholderia metallica R-16017NR_042636.199.45
S3-14TBurkholderia stabilisBurkholderia stabilis LMG 14294NR_041719.199.72
S3-15LBacillus zhangzhouensisBacillus zhangzhouensis MCCC 1A08372NR_148786.199.73
S3-16CPseudomonas vancouverensisPseudomonas vancouverensis DhA-51NR_041953.199.72
S3-17TBurkholderia paludisBurkholderia paludis MSh1NR_178850.199.25
S3-1LBurkholderia stabilisBurkholderia stabilis CIP 105874NR_116156.199.92
S3-21LArthrobacter globiformisArthrobacter globiformis DSM 20124NR_026187.199.10
S3-22LBurkholderia paludisBurkholderia lata 383NR_102890.199.25
S3-29TRhodococcus fasciansRhodococcus fascians CF17NR_037021.198.72
S3-31TPseudomonas rhodesiaePseudomonas marginalis LMG 2210NR_027230.199.17
S3-32CPseudomonas vancouverensisPseudomonas izuensis IzPS43_3003NR_181014.199.45
S3-35CBacillus velezensisBacillus velezensis CBMB205NR_116240.199.72
S3-3CArthrobacter bambusaeArthrobacter bambusae THG-GM18NR_133968.199.18
S3-6LBurkholderia ambifariaBurkholderia ambifaria AMMDNR_074687.199.39
S3-7CPaenibacillus taichungensisPaenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757NR_044428.199.74
), ArticleFig(id=1243285164017697696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Strains produce IAA

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsAbility of the strain to produce IAAc(IAA)/(mg/L)
+: Positive; ++: Strongly positive; −: Negative. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
S1-2L+9.87±3.80jk
S1-11L++44.73±1.12hi
S1-12T
S1-17L+2.73±1.05k
S1-23L++89.59±10.1fg
S1-9C++71.64±2.87gh
S2-10C
S2-11T
S2-13T++40.59±1.06hij
S2-17L++49.06±0.62hi
S2-19C+6.98±0.77jk
S2-1L
S2-23L++24.35±0.83ijk
S2-25T
S2-2L
S2-4L++67.33±4.30gh
S2-4T++107.90±10.20ef
S2-5C++388.20±1.90b
S2-8L++426.10±3.30a
S3-12C
S3-14T++251.80±42.20d
S3-15L
S3-16C
S3-17T++111.70±1.30ef
S3-1L++340.76±1.10c
S3-21L
S3-22L
S3-29T++83.21±3.50fg
S3-31T
S3-32C
S3-35C++135.70±14.00e
S3-3C+9.63±3.77jk
S3-6L++344.00±9.50c
S3-7C
), ArticleFig(id=1243285164135138215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871535034775, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

菌株产IAA能力测定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsAbility of the strain to produce IAAc(IAA)/(mg/L)
+: Positive; ++: Strongly positive; −: Negative. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
S1-2L+9.87±3.80jk
S1-11L++44.73±1.12hi
S1-12T
S1-17L+2.73±1.05k
S1-23L++89.59±10.1fg
S1-9C++71.64±2.87gh
S2-10C
S2-11T
S2-13T++40.59±1.06hij
S2-17L++49.06±0.62hi
S2-19C+6.98±0.77jk
S2-1L
S2-23L++24.35±0.83ijk
S2-25T
S2-2L
S2-4L++67.33±4.30gh
S2-4T++107.90±10.20ef
S2-5C++388.20±1.90b
S2-8L++426.10±3.30a
S3-12C
S3-14T++251.80±42.20d
S3-15L
S3-16C
S3-17T++111.70±1.30ef
S3-1L++340.76±1.10c
S3-21L
S3-22L
S3-29T++83.21±3.50fg
S3-31T
S3-32C
S3-35C++135.70±14.00e
S3-3C+9.63±3.77jk
S3-6L++344.00±9.50c
S3-7C
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山核桃根际解磷及水解复杂有机物细菌的分离
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张艳梅 1, 2 , 郑梦杰 1, 2 , 杨士杰 1, 2 , 吴权杰 1 , 黄坚钦 2, 3 , 彭丽媛 1, 2, * , 秦华 1, 2
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(10): 3809-3824
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(10): 3809-3824
山核桃根际解磷及水解复杂有机物细菌的分离
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张艳梅1, 2, 郑梦杰1, 2, 杨士杰1, 2, 吴权杰1, 黄坚钦2, 3, 彭丽媛1, 2, * , 秦华1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 浙江农林大学 环境与资源学院 碳中和学院, 浙江 杭州 311300
  • 2 浙江农林大学, 省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室, 浙江 杭州 311300
  • 3 浙江农林大学 林业与生物技术学院, 浙江 杭州 311300
Isolation of bacteria activating phosphorus and hydrolyzing complex organic matter from the rhizosphere soil of Carya cathayensis Sarg.
Yanmei ZHANG1, 2, Mengjie ZHENG1, 2, Shijie YANG1, 2, Quanjie WU1, Jianqin HUANG2, 3, Liyuan PENG1, 2, * , Hua QIN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
  • 3 College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
出版时间: 2024-07-12 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240213
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【目的】挖掘兼具多种促生功能的山核桃根际解磷细菌(phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria, PMBs)菌株资源,研发多功能生物有机肥,促进山核桃产业绿色、可持续发展。【方法】采用稀释涂布平板法分离获取山核桃根际PMBs,测定其生物学功能并基于16S rRNA基因同源性鉴定其分类学地位。【结果】从山核桃根际土共分离获得34株PMBs,其主要来自厚壁菌门(Bacillota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、薄壁菌门(Gracilicutes)下的10属细菌,以芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus) (12株)、伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia) (9株)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas) (5株) 3个属菌较多,共计占比76.47%。在含不同难溶性有机/无机磷源的培养基中接种PMBs后,产生的可溶性磷含量范围分别为:7.01−49.97 mg/L (磷酸铝)、3.61−27.11 mg/L (磷酸铁)、4.56−342.82 mg/L (磷酸三钙)、27.71−544.53 mg/L (植酸钠)和3.28−27.17 mg/L (卵磷脂)。其中23株PMBs能同时溶解难溶性无机磷和有机磷。分别有20、7、23、12、10、14、13株PMBs能产吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)、铁载体和胞外蛋白酶、β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、磷酸酶及脂肪酶,其中菌株S3-6L和S3-22L具有5种生物学功能。【结论】本研究筛选到的PMBs同时具有较高溶解磷的能力和多种生物学功能,丰富了PMB菌种资源,为研发高效、绿色山核桃复合微生物菌肥奠定了基础。

山核桃  /  根际微生物  /  解磷细菌  /  多功能

[Objective] Multipurpose bioorganic fertilizers contribute to the sustainable development of the Carya cathayensis Sarg. industry. This work aims to explore the resources of phosphorus (P)-mobilizing bacteria (PMBs) with plant growth-promoting effects from the rhizosphere soil of C. cathayensis Sarg. [Methods] PMBs were isolated with the dilution-plate coating method and identified based on 16S rRNA gene homology. Moreover, plate and liquid culture tests were conducted to determine their biological functions. [Results] A total of 34 strains of PMBs were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of C. cathayensis Sarg. These PMBs belonged to 10 genera of four phyla: Bacillota, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Gracilicutes. Among them, Bacillus (12 strains), Burkholderia (9 strains), and Pseudomonas (5 strains) were the dominant genera, with the strains accounting for 76.47% of the total isolated PMBs. After inoculation of PMBs, the content of soluble P produced by PMBs was 7.01–49.97, 3.61–27.11, 4.56–342.82, 27.71–544.53, and 3.28–27.17 mg/L in the culture media with AlPO4, FePO4, Ca3(PO4)2, sodium phytate, and lecithin as the sole P source, respectively. Twenty-three strains were capable of simultaneously mobilize insoluble inorganic and organic P components. Additionally, 20, 7, 23, 12, 10, 14, and 13 strains of PMBs could produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, extracellular protease, β-1, 3-glucanase, cellulase, phosphatase, and lipase, respectively, among which strains S3-6L and S3-22L exhibited five biological functions. [Conclusion] The PMBs identified in this study possess high P mobilization capability and multiple biological functions, enriching the resources of PMB strains and laying a foundation for the development of efficient, green, and composite microbial fertilizers for C. cathayensis Sarg.

Carya cathayensis Sarg.  /  rhizosphere microorganisms  /  phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria  /  multipurpose
张艳梅, 郑梦杰, 杨士杰, 吴权杰, 黄坚钦, 彭丽媛, 秦华. 山核桃根际解磷及水解复杂有机物细菌的分离. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (10) : 3809 -3824 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240213
Yanmei ZHANG, Mengjie ZHENG, Shijie YANG, Quanjie WU, Jianqin HUANG, Liyuan PENG, Hua QIN. Isolation of bacteria activating phosphorus and hydrolyzing complex organic matter from the rhizosphere soil of Carya cathayensis Sarg.[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (10) : 3809 -3824 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240213
磷是植物体中重要组成成分,参与植物的光合作用、细胞分裂、物质转运及信号传递等生理过程,其重要性仅次于氮[1]。大多数土壤的全磷含量丰富,但其中仅有不到0.1%的磷可供植物直接吸收利用[2],因此,磷成为了植物生长发育和品质形成过程中的重要限制因子。山核桃(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)是胡桃科(Juglandaceae)山核桃属(Carya)植物,被认为是全球性高档干果和木本油料植物,浙江省特色经济树种和干果,其主要分布在浙江、安徽交界的天目山区,种植面积大,具有较高的经济价值[3]。山核桃主要种植在中、高山地,土壤贫瘠,磷的生物有效性普遍较低[4]。谢林峰等[5]调查了259个山核桃样地,测得平均土壤有效磷为4.23 mg/kg,大多数样地有效磷含量不足10 mg/kg,不利于山核桃产业发展。人工施用化学磷肥是山核桃林地补充磷素最直接、见效最快的方式,但山区陡峭不易施肥,加之山核桃林地经营需要清除林下杂草,导致磷素营养随水土流失严重;留存在土壤中的磷肥超过七成被土壤固定,造成环境污染和资源浪费[6],极大地限制了山核桃林的可持续发展和生态稳定性。
解磷细菌(phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria, PMBs)种类丰富,占细菌种群的1%−50%,在促进磷的循环中起着关键作用[7]。它们通过分泌质子、有机酸、水解酶等物质,将土壤中难溶性无机磷和有机磷转化为植物可吸收利用的形式,从而扩大了植物的磷源范围[8]。研究者们通常依据菌株在含有难溶性磷源(磷酸三钙、植酸钙、卵磷脂等)的培养基上能否生长并产生清晰的透明圈,来初步判定菌株是否为PMB[9]。朱德旋等[10]从以Ca3(PO4)2作为唯一磷源的培养基中分离得到一株高效PMB,可应用于生物菌肥和生防制剂中。PMBs通过溶解和矿化作用将惰性磷有效释放到土壤中,增加土壤有效磷含量,促进植物生长[11]。因此,除了施用化学磷肥外,微生物对磷的活化作用也是增加土壤供磷能力的有效途径。早在1988年,人们就将这类微生物施入土壤中,不仅提高了磷肥利用率,还促进了作物生长发育[9]。后来,研究者们又从土壤中分离获得不同PMBs,如芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)等,它们对一种或者几种难溶性磷(如磷酸三钙、磷酸铝、植酸钙等)表现出良好的活化作用[12]。目前,PMBs肥料已在大豆[13]、水稻[14]、辣椒[15]等作物中进行了试用。俞新玲[16]从桉树林地中分离获得多株PMBs,经鉴定以芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)为主,此外还有葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、梭形杆菌属(Lysinibacillus)等,对提升林地有效磷含量也有一定作用。由此可见,PMBs的有效应用可能是提高土壤肥力、增加植物生产力、促进农林业可持续性生产的一种经济有效且环保的方法。
尽管PMBs肥料安全无毒、资源节约、环境友好,但相关研究及产业进展缓慢,多数在室内试验表现优异的菌株在大田实施时未获得预期效果,仅少数优良菌株被开发为微生物商品肥料,而且推广困难,在林业方面的应用则更少[17]。究其原因,微生物肥料为活性菌剂,其定殖能力和生物活性易受生物(土著微生物和宿主植物)和非生物因素(土壤理化性质、气候因素等)影响[18]。例如,在根际存在大量微生物,其数量一般比根际外多几倍至几十倍,它们能协助宿主植物拮抗生物和非生物胁迫、改善土壤养分和水分条件、促进植物生长等,对植物意义重大[19]。根际微生物之间存在多种稳定的互作关系,外源菌株进入时它们可能产生拮抗、竞争作用,导致外源菌株无法定殖[20]。此外,筛选出的菌株存在退化、功能单一现象,整体水平较低等不足,这导致田间施用PMBs肥料的效应变得不可预测,有时甚至与预期相反[21]。另外,为了获得更多功效,人们尝试将不同功能菌株混合,做成复合菌剂,但微生物间可能存在竞争,结果适得其反[22]。研究表明,有些PMBs能固氮、合成植物激素(如吲哚乙酸)、提高植株对某些微量元素(如锌和铁)的利用率,从而显著促进植株生长;部分还表现出对生物和非生物胁迫的拮抗作用[23]。因此,选育效果好、功能多、适应性强的优良菌株是推动PMB菌肥、促进农林业可持续发展的重要前提,并且从原位筛选菌株发展菌剂,扩大有益菌的优势度,更能适应这个山核桃林地。
因此,本研究选取了杭州市临安区山核桃主产区山核桃林地,从山核桃根际土壤分离、筛选PMBs,并探究其微生物学特性,挖掘兼具多种促生功能的高效菌株,这不仅可以加深对山核桃经济林地下生态系统的认知,同时提高微生物菌剂研发的精准性和有效性,为其广泛应用奠定坚实的理论基础,也可为其他缺磷土壤条件下的经济林经营提供科学参考。
根据土壤有效磷含量选择了三片山核桃林地(林龄约20−25年),其中样地1 (S1)位于浙江省杭州市临安区玲珑街道(30°18′N,119°65′E),样地2 (S2)和样地3 (S3)位于浙江省杭州市临安区昌化镇(30°16′N,118°52′E),样地土壤理化性质如表1所示。临安区位于浙江省西北部,地处浙江省西北部天目山区,临安地处中亚热带季风气候区南缘,属季风型气候,温暖湿润,光照充足,雨量充沛,四季分明;全年降雨量1 628.4 mm,全年平均气温16.4 ℃,全年日照时数1 847.3 h,森林覆盖率达76.5%。
LB培养基(g/L):胰蛋白胨10.0,酵母提取物5.0,氯化钠10.0,蒸馏水定容到1.0 L,pH 7.2–7.4。
NA培养基(g/L):牛肉膏3.0,蛋白胨10.0,NaCl 5.0,琼脂20.0,蒸馏水定容到1.0 L,pH 7.0–7.5。
NBRIP培养基(g/L):葡萄糖10.0,Ca3(PO4)2 5.0,MgCl2 5.0,KCl 0.2,MgSO4·7H2O 0.25,(NH4)2SO4 0.1,琼脂粉20.0,pH 7.0。
King培养基(g/L):蛋白胨20.0,K2HPO4 1.5,MgSO4·7H2O 1.5,色氨酸0.1,甘油15.0 mL/L,蒸馏水定容到1.0 L,pH 7.2。
蛋白酶检测培养基(g/L):脱脂奶粉15.0,琼脂粉20.0,蒸馏水定容到1.0 L。
脂肪酶检测培养基(g/L):罗丹明B 0.05,酵母粉0.2,NaCl 0.5,KH2PO4 0.5,Na2HPO4·7H2O 3.5,(NH4)2SO4 5.0,花生油1.0,琼脂粉20.0,蒸馏水定容到1.0 L,pH 6.0。
磷酸酶检测培养基(g/L):葡萄糖10.0,CaCO3 5.0,(NH4)2SO4 0.5,NaCl 0.3,KCl 0.3,MgSO4·7H2O 0.3,FeSO4·7H2O 0.03,蒸馏水定容到1.0 L,pH 7.0–7.5。倒平板时每100 mL加3–4 mL蛋黄液(鸡蛋黄与0.8% NaCl以1:1配制)摇匀。
纤维素酶检测培养基(g/L):羧甲基纤维素钠2.0,刚果红2.0,(NH4)SO4 2.0,NaCl 0.5,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,K2HPO4 1.0,琼脂粉20.0,蒸馏水定容到1.0 L,pH 7.2。
β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶检测培养基(g/L):葡萄糖1.0,茯苓粉4.0,K2HPO4 1.0,Na2HPO4 3.0,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,FeSO4·7H2O 0.05,琼脂粉20.0,蒸馏水定容到1.0 L,倒平板前加入60.0 mg水溶性苯胺蓝摇匀。
CAS检测培养基(g/L):蔗糖2.0,酸水解酪素3.0,CaCl2 1.11,MgSO4 0.24,琼脂粉20.0,蒸馏水定容到1.0 L。
CAS染液(g/L):铬天青0.61,FeCl3 0.016,十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, HDTMA) 1.458。0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(g/L):Na2HPO4·12H2O 24.27,NaH2PO4·2H2O 5.905,KH2PO4 0.75,NH4Cl 2.5,NaCl 1.25,pH 6.8,使用时10倍稀释。倒平板时缓慢加入0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液和CAS染液各5 mL,混合均匀。
2022年7月,在3个样地内分别随机选取间距大于10 m、长势均一、健康的5株标准山核桃树为采样对象,用铁锹清除林木基部半径2 m内的枯枝落叶等地表覆盖物后,小心挖至根部末级采集细根样品,收集0−30 cm深度土壤样品,抖根法收集根际土壤,用于分离筛选PMBs。将同一样地的5个样品分别进行混合,充分混合后共得到3份土壤样品。
分别配置以磷酸三钙、卵磷脂和植酸钙为唯一磷源的3种解磷菌分离培养基平板,备用。在200 mL三角瓶中放入8颗玻璃珠并添加49.5 mL去离子水,然后使用灭菌锅121 ℃灭菌0.5 h,冷却后于超净工作台中称取0.5 g根际土壤置入其中,再将三角瓶置于摇床中,180 r/min振荡摇匀1 h,静置15 min,取上清液,用无菌水按10倍稀释法稀释成10−3−10−8梯度的菌悬液,吸取0.1 mL菌悬液分别涂布于解磷菌筛选培养基,每个梯度设3个重复,于培养箱(28.0±0.5) ℃暗培养3−7 d。挑取形态各异并且透明圈明显(D/d≥1,D:晕圈直径;d:菌落直径)的菌落进一步划线纯化,重复多次直至获得稳定产生透明圈的纯菌株,后将纯化的菌株悬液与40%甘油按1:1混合保存于−80 ℃超低温冰箱。
将存于−80 ℃冰箱中的菌株取出,划线法接种于LB固体培养基,并在细菌培养箱中(28.0±0.5) ℃暗培养3−7 d。配置NA液体培养基,取20 mL分装至50 mL三角瓶,于121 ℃灭菌锅中蒸汽灭菌0.5 h,冷却备用。取出LB固体培养基,挑取单菌落菌株接种至NA液体培养基,恒温振荡器(28.0±0.5) ℃、180 r/min培养3 d后于超净工作台中将菌悬液移至无菌离心管中,10 000 r/min离心15 min,保留底层细胞,加无菌生理盐水清洗,再离心,重复3次;最后,用无菌生理盐水调节菌悬液浓度分别为1.0×103 CFU/mL和1.0×106 CFU/mL,备用。
分别配制含不同难溶性无机磷[Ca3(PO4)2、AlPO4和FePO4]和有机磷(卵磷脂、植酸钠)的NBRIP液体培养基(磷质量浓度设置为1 g/L),取20 mL分装于50 mL三角瓶中,121 ℃灭菌30 min后按照1%接种量接种供试菌株菌悬液,恒温振荡箱(28.0±0.5) ℃、180 r/min培养3 d,10 000 r/min离心15 min,保留上清液,采用钼蓝色比色法[24]测定上清液中的可溶性磷含量,以不加菌为对照,每个处理3个重复。
参考Afzal等[25]描述的方法,采用固体培养法通过观察水解圈以定性评估菌株分泌水解酶的能力。分别配制磷酸酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶和β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶固体培养基检测平板(所用底物分别为鸡蛋黄液、脱脂奶粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、花生油和茯苓粉),挑取单菌落,点接在平板中央,每个处理重复3次,(28.0±0.5)℃培养箱中暗培养3−7 d。磷酸酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶、β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶鉴定方法:如菌株周围产生透明圈,则说明具有产生该水解酶的能力,反之则否。脂肪酶鉴定方法:如菌株周围产生油脂状沉淀,则说明该菌株具有产脂肪酶的能力,反之则否。
配制King液体培养基,取20 mL分装至50 mL三角瓶,于121 ℃灭菌锅中灭菌0.5 h,接种待测菌株,恒温振荡器(28.0±0.5) ℃、180 r/min培养3 d后,将菌悬液转移至无菌离心管中,10 000 r/min离心15 min,采用Salkowski比色法[26]测定上清液中IAA浓度,简单概括即:取上清液和S2比色液(1 mL 0.5 mol/L FeCl3加入到50 mL 35% HClO4)等体积均匀混合,于室温静置30 min后观察溶液颜色变化,并于530 nm波长下比色,用标准IAA标准校准曲线测定计算培养液中的IAA浓度。
配制CAS检测平板,接种菌株,重复3次。(28.0±0.5) ℃暗培养3−7 d,观察菌落周围能否产生橙色晕圈,若有,则表明该菌株能分泌铁载体,反之则否。
分别刮取少量菌体,采用DNeasy® PowerSoil® DNA Isolation Kit [凯杰企业管理(上海)有限公司]根据说明提取DNA,利用细菌引物对27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′)和1492R (5′-CTACGGCTACCTTGTTAC GA-3′)扩增16S rRNA基因序列。PCR扩增条件:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,58 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸1 min 30 s,循环数35次;72 ℃终延伸7 min。反应完成后,取3 μL PCR产物进行1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,确认PCR扩增片段。测序服务委托深圳微科盟科技集团有限公司完成。测序所得碱基序列在NCBI中BLAST比对进行近源物种分析。
采用Microsoft Excel 2010对数据进行基本处理与计算,SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析,单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)对结果进行检验,Duncan法比较菌株间的差异性,显著水平为5%,利用Origin 2021对菌悬液上清液有效磷含量结果进行绘图。
经反复纯化后,获得了34株能在含难溶性磷源的固体培养基中稳定产生较大透明圈的PMBs,D/d值范围为1.09−3.82 (表2)。其中,6株来自样点1,13株来自样点2,15株来自样点3。以磷酸三钙为磷源的培养基获得的菌株9株,以卵磷脂为磷源的培养基获得的菌株15株,以植酸钙为磷源的培养基获得的菌株10株。
利用测序数据于NCBI数据库中进行BLAST比对分析,结果如表3所示。经鉴定这些菌株来自厚壁菌门(Bacillota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、薄壁菌门(Gracilicutes) 4个门,分别属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)等10个属。其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)有12株,占比35.29%;伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)有9株,占比26.47%,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)有5株,占比14.71%,为优势属(图1),所有测序菌株的16S rRNA基因序列已提交至GenBank并获得序列登录号为PP542097−PP542130。
山核桃根际土分离获得的菌株中共有25株菌(占比73.53%)具有溶解难溶性无机磷的能力,这些菌分布于7个属,包括芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)等(图2),各菌株对不同难溶性无机磷源溶解能力不同(图3A)。其中,菌株对磷酸三钙的溶解量较高,培养液中净可溶性磷含量(为C接种处理C未接种处理的差值,下同)为4.56−342.82 mg/L,12株菌培养液中的净可溶性磷含量高于50.00 mg/L,并且接种菌株S3-32C、S3-1L、S3-35C、S3-22L、S3-7C的培养液中净可溶性磷含量超过200.00 mg/L,接种菌株S3-32C的培养液中净可溶性磷含量达到342.82 mg/L。以磷酸铁和磷酸铝为唯一磷源的培养液接种后,其净可溶性磷含量分别为3.61−27.11 mg/L和7.01−49.97 mg/L,两种磷源中分别以接种S1-12T和S3-15L后溶液中测得的可溶性磷浓度最高。
分离菌中有31株(占比91.18%)具有同时活化2种有机磷的能力(图2),各菌株对有机磷的矿化能力因磷源不同而各异。如图3B所示,以卵磷脂为磷源的培养液经接种培养后,有31株菌具有水解卵磷脂的能力,这些菌株分布于7个属,溶液中的净可溶性磷含量变化为3.28−27.17 mg/L,其中,对卵磷脂水解能力较强的菌株为S1-11L (27.17 mg/L)、S1-2L (25.25 mg/L)、S1-23L (25.22 mg/L)、S1-17L (25.09 mg/L),4株菌隶属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。
所有菌株对植酸钠均具有水解能力,而且以植酸钠为磷源的培养液经接种培养后,溶液中的净可溶性磷含量为27.71−544.53 mg/L,菌株S2-1L、S3-7C、S2-8L对植酸钠的水解能力更强,其培养液中的净可溶性磷含量分别为544.53、469.31、360.28 mg/L。
图4展示了PMBs产铁载体和胞外水解酶分泌能力。其中24株至少有2种生物学特性,占比70.59%:具有产铁载体能力的有7株菌,能分泌胞外蛋白酶、β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、磷酸酶及脂肪酶的菌株分别有23、12、10、14和13株。其中,S3-6L和S3-22L具有5种生物学功能,均为伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)。
供试菌株中有20株菌与Salkowski比色液反应后呈现较深粉红色,根据分光光度法对其产IAA量进行测定,结果如表4所示,其IAA产量在2.73−426.14 mg/L之间,其中产量大于300.00 mg/L的4株菌隶属于伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia),产IAA能力最强的是S2-8L,其产量达426.14 mg/L。
本研究分别以植酸钙、卵磷脂和磷酸三钙为难溶性磷源配制PMB筛选培养基,有34株菌株能稳定在含难溶性磷源的培养基上生长并且产生透明圈,类似于覃书伟等[27]的研究。因此,初步判定其为PMBs,可能具有发展成为PMB菌剂的潜力。
目前已报道的PMBs超过30多个菌属,包括假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、固氮菌属(Azotobacter)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)等,最近的工作将该列表扩大到包括土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)等[28]。本研究对所分离保存的PMBs的16S rRNA基因进行扩增分析,并测序所得碱基序列在NCBI中BLAST比对进行近源物种分析,将这些菌分类为4门10属,其中优势属(> 10%)为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),分别占比35.29%、26.47%和14.71% (图1)。芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)都是已报道对植物有促进生长作用的细菌类型,包括溶磷、解钾、生防的属种[29]。另外,也有较少报道的菌属,如贪噬菌属(Variovorax)、黄单胞菌属(Xanthomonas),本研究通过液体培养试验发现它们具有水解植酸钠的功能。由此可见,在山核桃林地中具有较丰富的PMBs资源。
一般情况,研究者们分离筛选获得PMBs的方法是在以某种难溶性磷为唯一磷源进行固体培养,并以产生透明圈为判定标准。然而,近期研究表明仅仅以溶解一种磷源及固体培养作为筛选标准是不可靠的,通常会产生许多“假阳性” PMB。有些菌株在含难溶性磷源的培养基中进行液体培养时,培养基中的可溶性磷含量不一定升高,甚至还可能降低;当进一步评估这些菌株对土壤磷活化和植物磷吸收的贡献时,只有少数被证明是PMB[30]。土壤pH、磷酸盐成分和化学性质差异大,例如,酸性土壤主要含有Fe/Al磷酸盐,而钙质土壤中以Ca/Mg磷酸盐为主。这导致从特定土壤中分离出来的PMB无法在含有不同磷化合物的其他土壤中发挥有效作用[31]。因此,对单一磷源的溶解能力不能作为PMB共性。建议采用多种磷源测定PMB的活化磷能力,包括碱性土壤的钙磷酸盐(包括岩石磷酸盐)、酸性土壤的铁铝磷酸盐以及多种有机磷源。本研究对分离获得的菌株进行了5种磷源的定量测定,培养液中的可溶性磷含量有不同程度增加,并且发现23株菌能同时活化有机和无机磷源,34株能活化至少2种磷源,30株最高能活化4种磷源。这表明,本研究中筛选到的山核桃根际PMBs可适应不同类型的土壤。
研究发现,PMBs对磷源种类表现出一定选择性,不同PMBs对不同磷源溶解能力各异,同一株菌对不同磷源溶解能力也不同[32]。本研究中,分别以磷酸铝、磷酸铁、磷酸三钙、植酸钠和卵磷脂为唯一磷源的选择性培养基中测得可溶性磷含量范围分别为7.01−49.97、3.61−27.11、4.56−342.82、27.71−544.53、3.28−27.17 mg/L,菌株对难溶性磷的活化能力总体表现为植酸钠 > 磷酸三钙 > 磷酸铝 > 卵磷脂 > 磷酸铁,与前人研究结果相似。大部分的PMBs溶解磷酸钙盐的能力大于磷酸铝和磷酸铁。究其原因,可能是不同难溶性磷酸盐结构成分差异大,致使解磷微生物溶解能力的差异,磷酸钙盐更容易被溶解可能是被微生物分泌有机酸络合和质子溶解双重作用的结果,而磷酸铝和磷酸铁盐可能只通过有机酸络合与螯合作用来溶解[33]。另外,微生物活化养分的能力随其生存环境中有效养分含量的增加而逐渐降低,甚至完全丧失[34]。在有效养分含量较高的土壤中,微生物分泌酶和活化养分的能力均被抑制[35]。推测可能是当养分限量供应时,适量增加能促进菌株生长繁殖,提高生理活性;而养分富足时,微生物没有生存压力,因此会减少相关酶的合成代谢,进而降低了养分活化能力。然而分离获得的菌株S3-32C、S3-1L、S3-7C等,当环境的可溶性磷含量达到50.00 mg/L以上时,它们仍具有活化磷的功能,由此推测生产中施用肥料时可能不会抑制其功能。
研究表明,有些PMBs不仅能生物固氮、矿化有机氮、合成植物激素(如吲哚乙酸和赤霉素等),还能提高植株对某些微量元素(如锌和铁)的利用率,从而显著促进植株的生长。吲哚乙酸(IAA)是一种在植物中存在最广泛的促进生长的植物激素,存在于植物的整个生长周期,能在促进植物细胞生长、分裂和分化的同时促进根系生长。研究表明,许多植物促生菌都具有产IAA的能力,如来自假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、固氮螺菌属(Azospirillum)、固氮菌属(Azotobacter)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)等属的一些菌株[36]。铁在地壳中含量较丰富,但是通常其以溶解度较低且植物不易吸收的氧化物存在[37]。铁载体是一种螯合铁的低分子化合物,对Fe3+具有较高的亲和力[38],据报道,微生物通过分泌铁载体可以螯合土壤中的Fe3+,将铁的氧化物转化为植物可以吸收利用的有效态,有效改善了作物缺铁的胁迫,也提高了铁的利用率[39];生防菌通过分泌铁载体与病原菌竞争铁离子,有效抑制了土传病原菌生长[40]。分泌水解酶(β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶和脂肪酶等)降解致病菌细胞壁和细胞膜,破坏病原菌细胞结构是生防菌重要的抑菌机制[41]。本研究从山核桃根际土中分别筛选到了20、7、23、12、10、14、13株产IAA、铁载体和分泌胞外蛋白酶、β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、磷酸酶及脂肪酶的菌株,其中2株能同时具有5种生态学功能。20株具有产IAA能力的解磷菌,其分布于7个属。其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)分别有8株和7株,为产IAA的优势属。另外,S3-1L、S2-5C、S3-6L、S2-8L的产IAA量超过300.00 mg/L,其产量远超过前人报道的菌株,具有较好的应用潜力[42]。由此进一步证明,微生物具有多种生态功能,对促进宿主植物生长和生态稳定具有重要作用。本研究从山核桃根际土中筛选到兼具多功能的PMBs,这为山核桃根际解磷菌高效复合促生菌肥的研发提供了丰富的菌种资源,并且这些菌株本身就适应了山核桃林地的生物和非生物特性,能很好地适应当地林地条件,这给菌剂原位强化关键技术研发奠定物质基础,也为其他经济林经营提供科学参考。当然,为进一步剖析PMBs的功能、验证其应用效果,后续还需进一步从生理和基因组层面深入探讨其解磷机理及控制因子,并通过设置土壤培养、盆栽试验以及野外山核桃林区应用来探究菌剂实际接种效果。
本研究从浙江省杭州市临安区的山核桃根际土壤样品中分离纯化得到34株解磷菌,经鉴定分别属于厚壁菌门(Bacillota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、薄壁菌门(Gracilicutes) 4个门,分别属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)等10个属。其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)有12株,占比35.29%;伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)有9株,占比26.47%,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)有5株,占比14.71%,为优势属。其中24株菌具有多种生态学功能(≥2种),20株菌株具有产IAA能力,即功能菌占比(70.59%)较大。含不同难溶性有机/无机磷源的液体培养基中接种PMBs后,培养液中可溶性磷含量范围分别为7.01−49.97 mg/L (磷酸铝)、3.61−27.11 mg/L (磷酸铁)、4.56−342.82 mg/L (磷酸三钙)、27.71−544.53 mg/L (植酸钠)、3.28−27.17 mg/L (卵磷脂),表明供试PMBs对不同磷源具有活化能力,其中有23株菌能同时活化有机和无机磷源,34株能活化至少2种磷源。该研究结果丰富了山核桃根系微生物资源,为研发高效、绿色山核桃复合微生物菌肥奠定了基础。
  • 浙江省自然科学基金青年项目(LQ23C160004)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32301562)
  • 2024浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划(新苗人才计划)(2024R412B042)
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2024年第64卷第10期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240213
  • 接收时间:2024-04-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-01
  • 录用日期:2024-07-05
基金
Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund(LQ23C160004)
浙江省自然科学基金青年项目(LQ23C160004)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301562)
国家自然科学基金(32301562)
2024 Zhejiang Provincial College Students' Science and Technology Innovation Activity Plan (New Talent Program)(2024R412B042)
2024浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划(新苗人才计划)(2024R412B042)
作者信息
    1 浙江农林大学 环境与资源学院 碳中和学院, 浙江 杭州 311300
    2 浙江农林大学, 省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室, 浙江 杭州 311300
    3 浙江农林大学 林业与生物技术学院, 浙江 杭州 311300

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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