Article(id=1242093871501480339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240228, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1712592000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1718553600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-06-17, onlineDate=1774067855954, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1718726400000, pubDateStr=2024-06-19, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774067855954, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774067855954, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774067855954, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242093864144666765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='10', pageStart='3571', pageEnd='3997', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774067854200, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774067980255, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242094392937353679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242094392937353680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3869, endPage=3885, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242093871908327861, articleId=1242093871501480339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Comparison of endophytic microbial community structure in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To clarify the domestication characteristics and resistant mechanism of wild watermelon plants and provide a theoretical basis and technical support for building a new evaluation system for watermelon breeding and developing beneficial microorganisms, we compared the endophytic microbial community structure in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties. [Methods] High-throughput sequencing was employed to reveal the community structures of endophytic microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) in the roots of wild and cultivated watermelon varieties. [Results] The phyla and genera of endophytic bacteria and fungi in the roots were significantly different between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties. The roots of wild watermelon varieties had significantly higher relative abundance of Nocardioides and Microbacterium than those of cultivated watermelon varieties. Actinoplanes, Mycobacterium, Lechevalieria, Amycolatopsis, Bradyrhizobium, and Rhodococcus were the special dominant endophytic bacterial genera in the roots of wild watermelon varieties. The relative abundance of unclassified_o__Chaetothyriale in the roots of wild watermelon varieties was significantly higher than that in cultivated watermelon varieties. unclassified__o_Chaetothyriales, Preussia, and unclassified_f__Microascaceae were the dominant endophytic fungi specific to wild watermelon varieties. [Conclusion] The beneficial bacteria, such as Nocardioides, Microbacterium, and Rhodococcus, which were capable of fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus, secreting siderophores, and producing bioactive substances and antibiotics, and the growth hormone-producing fungi, such as Preussia, were lost in the roots of cultivated watermelon varieties after the domestication of wild watermelon. Therefore, it can be concluded that parts of endophytic microorganisms in the roots disappear during the domestication process of watermelon varieties, which is a major reason for the weak resistance of cultivated watermelon varieties to stresses. In addition, the bacterial genera such as Nocardioides, Microbacterium, and Rhodococcus and the fungal genus Preussia can be taken as the candidate microbial resources for enhancing watermelon resistance.

, correspAuthors=Yi HE, Yongpeng PAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*HE Yi, E-mail:
PAN Yongpeng, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lulu QIU, Ziwei HE, Xuan TIAN, Jinyan HUANG, Guifen LI, Shangdong YANG, Yi HE, Yongpeng PAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1242093876182323859, articleId=1242093871501480339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生微生物群落结构比较, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】以野生西瓜品种为研究对象,比较分析野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生微生物群落组成,旨在阐明野生西瓜的驯化特征和抗性机制,为构建新型西瓜育种评价体系以及开发利用有益微生物功能提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】基于高通量测序技术分析野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生微生物(细菌及真菌)的群落结构特征。【结果】野生西瓜根系内生细菌和真菌群落的门和属与栽培种西瓜相比均具有显著差异。野生西瓜根系中,类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)和微杆菌属(Microbacterium)的细菌相对丰度显著高于栽培种西瓜根系的相应类群;游动放线菌属(Actinoplanes)、分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)、列契瓦尼尔氏菌属(Lechevalieria)、拟无枝酸菌属(Amycolatopsis)、慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)是野生西瓜根系特有的优势内生细菌;刺盾炱目未分类菌属(unclassified_o__Chaetothyriales)真菌丰度占比在野生西瓜根系中显著高于相应的栽培种西瓜,并且刺盾炱目未分类菌属、光黑壳属(Preussia)、小囊菌科未分类菌属(unclassified_f__Microascaceae)是野生西瓜根系中特有的优势内生真菌。【结论】野生西瓜驯化成栽培种后,类诺卡氏菌属、微杆菌属、红球菌属等具有固氮、溶磷、产铁载体、生物活性物质、抗生素功能的有益细菌,以及产生生长激素的光黑壳属真菌缺失。由此推断野生西瓜品种驯化过程中,部分内生微生物的缺失是栽培种西瓜应对环境胁迫抗性弱于野生西瓜品种的重要原因之一。此外,类诺卡氏菌属、微杆菌属、红球菌属细菌,以及光黑壳属真菌有望作为提高西瓜抗性的备选微生物资源。

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Zhengzhou: Master's Thesis of Henan Agricultural University, 2023 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1243285162373530442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, awardId=申请书2023AB17011, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi(申请书2023AB17011), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1243285162532914003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, awardId=申请书2023AB17011, language=CN, fundingSource=广西重点研发计划(申请书2023AB17011), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1243285162650354519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, awardId=巴人科20220005, language=EN, fundingSource=Bama Institute of Integration of Industry and Education, Guangxi University(巴人科20220005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1243285162784572253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, awardId=巴人科20220005, language=CN, fundingSource=广西大学巴马产教融合研究院专项(巴人科20220005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1243285162922984294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, awardId=桂农科2021YT045, language=EN, fundingSource=Basic Research Project of Guangxi Academy Innovation Team of Agricultural Science(桂农科2021YT045), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1243285163040424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, awardId=桂农科2021YT045, language=CN, fundingSource=广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT045), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1243285154081390804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243285154093973719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, companyId=1243285154081390804, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Plant Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Safety, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243285154102362327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, companyId=1243285154081390804, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 广西大学 农学院, 广西农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室, 植物科学国家实验教学示范中心, 广西 南宁 530004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1243285154198831328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243285154223997154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, companyId=1243285154198831328, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Horticultural Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243285154232385763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, companyId=1243285154198831328, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所, 广西 南宁 530007)]), AuthorCompany(id=1243285154328854766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243285154333049071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, companyId=1243285154328854766, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Napo County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baise 533900, Guangxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243285154354020594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, companyId=1243285154328854766, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 广西那坡县农业农村局, 广西 百色 533900)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1243285158569296487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Compositions of endophytic bacterial communities in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties. YS: Wild watermelon varieties; ZP: Cultivated watermelon varieties. The same as below., figureFileSmall=C82/dcrr9NblBSFqD8AZRg==, figureFileBig=BG6Cs2custF++qfEnRYpdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285158695125615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=CN, label=图1, caption=野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌群落组成, figureFileSmall=C82/dcrr9NblBSFqD8AZRg==, figureFileBig=BG6Cs2custF++qfEnRYpdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285158883869310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Proportions (A) and Wilcoxon rank-sum test (B) of endophytic bacteria in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties at phylum level., figureFileSmall=CB+wkKhbCQBG/hW7/O1Hpg==, figureFileBig=/+NcobxtyeR/Cb4bWnO0mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159001309830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=CN, label=图2, caption=野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌门的组成(A)和秩和检验(B), figureFileSmall=CB+wkKhbCQBG/hW7/O1Hpg==, figureFileBig=/+NcobxtyeR/Cb4bWnO0mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159143916178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Proportions (A) and Wilcoxon rank-sum test (B) of endophytic bacteria in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties at genus level., figureFileSmall=rhfkfixcY/NdcKZvRhvuYw==, figureFileBig=IQpRclAMtY2EARleqPPoWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159244579483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=CN, label=图3, caption=野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌属的组成(A)和秩和检验(B), figureFileSmall=rhfkfixcY/NdcKZvRhvuYw==, figureFileBig=IQpRclAMtY2EARleqPPoWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159366214305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=LEfSe analysis of endophytic bacteria in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties., figureFileSmall=kXpZev7s8ZaWvwYMYvrDww==, figureFileBig=c49Q6ksSnq2cM5rEMKfViw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159504626345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=CN, label=图4, caption=野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌属的LEfSe分析结果, figureFileSmall=kXpZev7s8ZaWvwYMYvrDww==, figureFileBig=c49Q6ksSnq2cM5rEMKfViw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159601095344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Prediction of BugBase phenotypes of endophytic bacteria in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties., figureFileSmall=M6jjJ2LKAoJMiFLgHqUUtg==, figureFileBig=N7HFu88C2iY7kqvoweqM7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159718535862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=CN, label=图5, caption=野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌BugBase表型预测, figureFileSmall=M6jjJ2LKAoJMiFLgHqUUtg==, figureFileBig=N7HFu88C2iY7kqvoweqM7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159802421948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Prediction of functional genes in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties. A: Hierarchy level 1. B: Hierarchy level 2., figureFileSmall=k1Y/5p72TA+uOZz+AmeuxQ==, figureFileBig=udMT30tAyVL5ExQOKriyNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159882113736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=CN, label=图6, caption=预测功能基因在野生和栽培种西瓜间的差异, figureFileSmall=k1Y/5p72TA+uOZz+AmeuxQ==, figureFileBig=udMT30tAyVL5ExQOKriyNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159995359950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Compositions of endophytic fungal communities in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties., figureFileSmall=3bg2IBQls2U19t76PRAaBw==, figureFileBig=ucnQc4s0FKceSD6xCpmzZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160104411858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=CN, label=图7, caption=野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生真菌群落组成, figureFileSmall=3bg2IBQls2U19t76PRAaBw==, figureFileBig=ucnQc4s0FKceSD6xCpmzZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160221852377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Proportions (A) and Wilcoxon rank-sum test (B) of endophytic fungi in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties at phylum level., figureFileSmall=omuuJK5d27VgNXSsh/BdjQ==, figureFileBig=0hRENAMDrPhcAloLbTn0hA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160318321374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=CN, label=图8, caption=野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生真菌门的组成(A)和秩和检验(B), figureFileSmall=omuuJK5d27VgNXSsh/BdjQ==, figureFileBig=0hRENAMDrPhcAloLbTn0hA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160456733416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Proportions (A) and Wilcoxon rank-sum test (B) of endophytic fungi in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties at genus lever., figureFileSmall=dSp+Ef9NSrcct0XtF3f41g==, figureFileBig=b84hUumx/t03ujEKOc42Ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160599339760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=CN, label=图9, caption=野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生真菌属的组成(A)和秩和检验(B), figureFileSmall=dSp+Ef9NSrcct0XtF3f41g==, figureFileBig=b84hUumx/t03ujEKOc42Ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160729363194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=LEfSe analysis of endophytic fungi in roots of wild and cultivated watermelon varieties., figureFileSmall=HrAU3gsYTKD1l5IY31c0/w==, figureFileBig=xozdyENc3rExQ7nKCXWrxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160867775236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=CN, label=图10, caption=野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生真菌属的LEfSe分析结果, figureFileSmall=HrAU3gsYTKD1l5IY31c0/w==, figureFileBig=xozdyENc3rExQ7nKCXWrxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160989410059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=EN, label=Figure 11, caption=FUNGuild functions of the endophytic fungi (A) and Wilcoxon rank-sum test (B) in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties., figureFileSmall=wrpRqcJt3hP+dcriKQDHaQ==, figureFileBig=ljE00QHRhUdPTuwe/mfVLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285161106850577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=CN, label=图11, caption=野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生真菌FUNGuild功能预测(A)和秩和检验(B), figureFileSmall=wrpRqcJt3hP+dcriKQDHaQ==, figureFileBig=ljE00QHRhUdPTuwe/mfVLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285161249456921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Taxonomic statistics of endophytic bacteria in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
Samples

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species
OTUs
野生西瓜(YS)
Wild watermelon varieties
Y127631522655199021 908
Y226671672815319332 169
Y328701702995801 0312 323
总计Total29822023517131 3223 548
栽培种西瓜(ZP)
Cultivated watermelon varieties
Y827601522805339311 986
Y928681582825309592 128
Y1029681612755299432 061
总计Total32791863356751 2643 421
合计Sum32922203908111 5354 660
), ArticleFig(id=1243285161375286046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌分类统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
Samples

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species
OTUs
野生西瓜(YS)
Wild watermelon varieties
Y127631522655199021 908
Y226671672815319332 169
Y328701702995801 0312 323
总计Total29822023517131 3223 548
栽培种西瓜(ZP)
Cultivated watermelon varieties
Y827601522805339311 986
Y928681582825309592 128
Y1029681612755299432 061
总计Total32791863356751 2643 421
合计Sum32922203908111 5354 660
), ArticleFig(id=1243285161501115173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Alpha diversity of endophytic bacteria in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
Samples
Shannon指数
Shannon index
Simpson指数
Simpson index
ACE指数
ACE index
Chao1指数
Chao1 index
覆盖率
Coverage rate (%)
同一列不同小写字母表示不同类型西瓜间差异显著(P < 0.05)
Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences between different types of watermelon (P < 0.05).
野生
Wild watermelon varieties
Y14.91±0.17a0.02±0.01a1 218.56±139.07a1 211.74±127.35a99.67
Y24.86±0.38a0.04±0.04a1 343.14±53.53a1 322.01±42.18a99.61
Y34.88±0.40a0.03±0.02a1 446.08±37.97a1 436.95±36.75a99.58
栽培
Cultivated watermelon varieties
Y84.17±0.88a0.06±0.05a1 227.23±270.93a1 196.25±276.56a99.56
Y94.88±0.23a0.02±0.01a1 362.91±95.42a1 351.31±72.87a99.58
Y104.80±0.46a0.02±0.01a1 294.15±288.87a1 276.34±289.89a99.61
), ArticleFig(id=1243285161618555692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌的α多样性比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
Samples
Shannon指数
Shannon index
Simpson指数
Simpson index
ACE指数
ACE index
Chao1指数
Chao1 index
覆盖率
Coverage rate (%)
同一列不同小写字母表示不同类型西瓜间差异显著(P < 0.05)
Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences between different types of watermelon (P < 0.05).
野生
Wild watermelon varieties
Y14.91±0.17a0.02±0.01a1 218.56±139.07a1 211.74±127.35a99.67
Y24.86±0.38a0.04±0.04a1 343.14±53.53a1 322.01±42.18a99.61
Y34.88±0.40a0.03±0.02a1 446.08±37.97a1 436.95±36.75a99.58
栽培
Cultivated watermelon varieties
Y84.17±0.88a0.06±0.05a1 227.23±270.93a1 196.25±276.56a99.56
Y94.88±0.23a0.02±0.01a1 362.91±95.42a1 351.31±72.87a99.58
Y104.80±0.46a0.02±0.01a1 294.15±288.87a1 276.34±289.89a99.61
), ArticleFig(id=1243285161740190515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Taxonomic statistics of endophytic fungi in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
Samples

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species
OTUs
野生西瓜(YS)
Wild watermelon varieties
Y171734586985164
Y2719427091108207
Y3920345772100213
总计Total9245397136183412
栽培种西瓜(ZP)
Cultivated watermelon varieties
Y8716386592111226
Y9719386495120266
Y1071839638499181
总计Total82454101159202465
合计Sum102967127204278662
), ArticleFig(id=1243285161857631031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生真菌分类统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
Samples

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species
OTUs
野生西瓜(YS)
Wild watermelon varieties
Y171734586985164
Y2719427091108207
Y3920345772100213
总计Total9245397136183412
栽培种西瓜(ZP)
Cultivated watermelon varieties
Y8716386592111226
Y9719386495120266
Y1071839638499181
总计Total82454101159202465
合计Sum102967127204278662
), ArticleFig(id=1243285161983460158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Alpha diversity of endophytic fungi in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
Samples
Shannon指数
Shannon index
Simpson指数
Simpson index
ACE指数
ACE index
Chao1指数
Chao1 index
覆盖率
Coverage rate (%)
同一列不同小写字母表示不同类型西瓜间差异显著(P < 0.05)
Different lowercase letters in the same columns indicate significant differences among different types of watermelon (P < 0.05).
野生
Wild watermelon varieties
Y11.47±0.57a0.49±0.18a84.66±9.69a86.42±10.14a99.99
Y21.76±0.54a0.36±0.06a98.08±28.84a97.68±29.04a99.99
Y31.69±0.33a0.47±0.14a104.57±18.00a104.07±18.13a99.99
栽培
Cultivated watermelon varieties
Y81.62±0.96a0.38±0.35a109.34±53.31a110.03±53.60a99.98
Y92.17±0.47a0.20±0.07a128.63±47.21a131.08±50.65a99.98
Y101.37±0.63a0.51±0.24a93.17±26.72a93.47±27.78a99.99
), ArticleFig(id=1243285162121872196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871501480339, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌的α多样性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
Samples
Shannon指数
Shannon index
Simpson指数
Simpson index
ACE指数
ACE index
Chao1指数
Chao1 index
覆盖率
Coverage rate (%)
同一列不同小写字母表示不同类型西瓜间差异显著(P < 0.05)
Different lowercase letters in the same columns indicate significant differences among different types of watermelon (P < 0.05).
野生
Wild watermelon varieties
Y11.47±0.57a0.49±0.18a84.66±9.69a86.42±10.14a99.99
Y21.76±0.54a0.36±0.06a98.08±28.84a97.68±29.04a99.99
Y31.69±0.33a0.47±0.14a104.57±18.00a104.07±18.13a99.99
栽培
Cultivated watermelon varieties
Y81.62±0.96a0.38±0.35a109.34±53.31a110.03±53.60a99.98
Y92.17±0.47a0.20±0.07a128.63±47.21a131.08±50.65a99.98
Y101.37±0.63a0.51±0.24a93.17±26.72a93.47±27.78a99.99
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野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生微生物群落结构比较
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邱卢露 1 , 何紫薇 1 , 田萱 1 , 黄金艳 2 , 李桂芬 2 , 杨尚东 1 , 何毅 2, * , 潘永鹏 3, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(10): 3869-3885
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(10): 3869-3885
野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生微生物群落结构比较
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邱卢露1, 何紫薇1, 田萱1, 黄金艳2, 李桂芬2, 杨尚东1, 何毅2, * , 潘永鹏3, *
作者信息
  • 1 广西大学 农学院, 广西农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室, 植物科学国家实验教学示范中心, 广西 南宁 530004
  • 2 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所, 广西 南宁 530007
  • 3 广西那坡县农业农村局, 广西 百色 533900
Comparison of endophytic microbial community structure in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties
Lulu QIU1, Ziwei HE1, Xuan TIAN1, Jinyan HUANG2, Guifen LI2, Shangdong YANG1, Yi HE2, * , Yongpeng PAN3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Plant Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Safety, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
  • 2 Horticultural Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
  • 3 Napo County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baise 533900, Guangxi, China
出版时间: 2024-06-19 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240228
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【目的】以野生西瓜品种为研究对象,比较分析野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生微生物群落组成,旨在阐明野生西瓜的驯化特征和抗性机制,为构建新型西瓜育种评价体系以及开发利用有益微生物功能提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】基于高通量测序技术分析野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生微生物(细菌及真菌)的群落结构特征。【结果】野生西瓜根系内生细菌和真菌群落的门和属与栽培种西瓜相比均具有显著差异。野生西瓜根系中,类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)和微杆菌属(Microbacterium)的细菌相对丰度显著高于栽培种西瓜根系的相应类群;游动放线菌属(Actinoplanes)、分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)、列契瓦尼尔氏菌属(Lechevalieria)、拟无枝酸菌属(Amycolatopsis)、慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)是野生西瓜根系特有的优势内生细菌;刺盾炱目未分类菌属(unclassified_o__Chaetothyriales)真菌丰度占比在野生西瓜根系中显著高于相应的栽培种西瓜,并且刺盾炱目未分类菌属、光黑壳属(Preussia)、小囊菌科未分类菌属(unclassified_f__Microascaceae)是野生西瓜根系中特有的优势内生真菌。【结论】野生西瓜驯化成栽培种后,类诺卡氏菌属、微杆菌属、红球菌属等具有固氮、溶磷、产铁载体、生物活性物质、抗生素功能的有益细菌,以及产生生长激素的光黑壳属真菌缺失。由此推断野生西瓜品种驯化过程中,部分内生微生物的缺失是栽培种西瓜应对环境胁迫抗性弱于野生西瓜品种的重要原因之一。此外,类诺卡氏菌属、微杆菌属、红球菌属细菌,以及光黑壳属真菌有望作为提高西瓜抗性的备选微生物资源。

野生西瓜  /  高通量测序  /  内生微生物  /  根系

[Objective] To clarify the domestication characteristics and resistant mechanism of wild watermelon plants and provide a theoretical basis and technical support for building a new evaluation system for watermelon breeding and developing beneficial microorganisms, we compared the endophytic microbial community structure in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties. [Methods] High-throughput sequencing was employed to reveal the community structures of endophytic microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) in the roots of wild and cultivated watermelon varieties. [Results] The phyla and genera of endophytic bacteria and fungi in the roots were significantly different between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties. The roots of wild watermelon varieties had significantly higher relative abundance of Nocardioides and Microbacterium than those of cultivated watermelon varieties. Actinoplanes, Mycobacterium, Lechevalieria, Amycolatopsis, Bradyrhizobium, and Rhodococcus were the special dominant endophytic bacterial genera in the roots of wild watermelon varieties. The relative abundance of unclassified_o__Chaetothyriale in the roots of wild watermelon varieties was significantly higher than that in cultivated watermelon varieties. unclassified__o_Chaetothyriales, Preussia, and unclassified_f__Microascaceae were the dominant endophytic fungi specific to wild watermelon varieties. [Conclusion] The beneficial bacteria, such as Nocardioides, Microbacterium, and Rhodococcus, which were capable of fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus, secreting siderophores, and producing bioactive substances and antibiotics, and the growth hormone-producing fungi, such as Preussia, were lost in the roots of cultivated watermelon varieties after the domestication of wild watermelon. Therefore, it can be concluded that parts of endophytic microorganisms in the roots disappear during the domestication process of watermelon varieties, which is a major reason for the weak resistance of cultivated watermelon varieties to stresses. In addition, the bacterial genera such as Nocardioides, Microbacterium, and Rhodococcus and the fungal genus Preussia can be taken as the candidate microbial resources for enhancing watermelon resistance.

wild watermelon varieties  /  high-throughput sequencing  /  endophytic microorganisms  /  root
邱卢露, 何紫薇, 田萱, 黄金艳, 李桂芬, 杨尚东, 何毅, 潘永鹏. 野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生微生物群落结构比较. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (10) : 3869 -3885 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240228
Lulu QIU, Ziwei HE, Xuan TIAN, Jinyan HUANG, Guifen LI, Shangdong YANG, Yi HE, Yongpeng PAN. Comparison of endophytic microbial community structure in roots between wild and cultivated watermelon varieties[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (10) : 3869 -3885 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240228
西瓜[Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansfeld & Nakai]是葫芦科重要的经济作物,在全球范围内种植广泛,中国是全球西瓜生产和消费的第一大国[1]。据联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO)数据库信息显示,截至2022年,我国西瓜总产量超过6 000万t,占全球总产量的60%以上[2]。近年来,随着我国西瓜种植面积的不断增加,连作障碍的发生越来越严重。
国内外学者在野生西瓜的遗传和特性研究上做了大量工作,野生西瓜具有较高的遗传多样性,而在野生西瓜进化或人工驯化成现代栽培西瓜的过程中,抗病基因大量丢失[3]。植物育种研究人员努力利用不同的遗传资源开发不同的砧木,以应对生物和非生物胁迫条件[4]。野生西瓜具有广泛的遗传变异,其根系比栽培西瓜更强,并且更耐旱[5]、抗寒、耐盐碱[6],对南方根结线虫有一定的抗性[7]。因此解析野生西瓜的抗性机制在种质改良上具有广阔的潜力。
目前,西瓜抗枯萎病防治研究主要从选育抗病品种[8]、调整栽培管理方法[9]、砧木嫁接[10]、激素调控[11]、使用化学药剂等方面进行,取得了良好的防治效果。其中,利用生防菌抑制病原菌的繁殖并且诱导植物抗性,是一种极具发展潜力、有效防控西瓜枯萎病的生物防治方法。郑明子等分析不同健康程度的西瓜植株根际土壤微生态及化学性质,发现严重发病、健康植株根际分别特异性富集有害、有益菌,形成了各自较为稳定的微生物群落结构,致病菌和生防菌均在轻微发病植株根际富集[12];张玉锦等以2个感病和2个抗病西瓜品种为材料,探究西瓜根系分泌物与枯萎病病原菌的互作关系,发现抗病和感病品种西瓜根系分泌物对病原菌分别具有抑制和促进的功效;另一方面,抗病品种根系分泌物中十八烷酸含量增加,而感病品种中含量降低,表明十八烷酸可能与抗病性紧密相关[13],这些研究为从不同角度研究抗病品种的抗病机理及生防菌的筛选指明了方向。
内生微生物是一种非常独特且宝贵的生物资源,许多内生菌已被证明可以产生具有药学和商业价值的重要化合物[14];植物内生细菌具有拮抗宿主植物病原菌、产生铁载体和植物激素等功能,进而影响宿主植物体内物质的代谢,促进植株生长[15]。植物内生微生物群落组成会随着所研究的器官和宿主个体不同而变化[16]。根系既是植物吸收水分的主要部位,同时也是植物最先感受土传病害胁迫的部位,其生长情况和活力水平直接影响植株地上部分的生长状况[17];另一方面,研究已证实,根系内生微生物影响植物的抗性与养分吸收能力,如由于根系内生真菌与植物长期共生进化形成共生关系,因此,它们可以引起植物抗性和养分吸收能力的变化[18]
截至目前,尽管涉及野生西瓜抗性已有不少的研究[19-21],但大部分研究仍是从栽培管理与分子遗传层面研究,涉及野生西瓜抗性与根系内生微生物群落之间的相关性仍鲜见报道,为此,本研究比较分析野生西瓜与栽培种西瓜根系内生微生物群落组成的差异,以期阐明野生西瓜的驯化特征与抗性机制,为构建新型西瓜育种评价体系、开发利用有益微生物功能提供理论依据和技术支撑。
试验地位于广西农业科学院园艺研究所西瓜试验基地(108°17′E,22°51′N),其土壤类型为红壤,pH 4.54,有机质含量10.06 g/kg、碱解氮91.5 mg/kg、速效磷17.3 mg/kg、速效钾80.5 mg/kg、全氮0.83 g/kg、全磷0.67 g/kg、全钾8.9 g/kg。
供试野生西瓜品种分别为桂资野1 (Y1)、桂资野2 (Y2)和桂资野3 (Y3);栽培西瓜品种分别为桂选118 (Y8)、桂选103 (Y9)和桂玲(Y10)。每个品种种植20株,所有品种均同期育苗、定植以及采用相同的常规栽培管理方式。
采用随机取样法,每个品种随机选取3株西瓜植株,使用经75%乙醇溶液喷涂灭菌过的小铁锹,以植株根部为圆心挖疏松环形圈(深度约30 cm、直径约40 cm)。然后将植株拔起,装入标记好的无菌密封袋放入装有冰袋的盒子带回实验室。随后用流动的无菌水冲洗植株根系,去除表面的附着物,再用75%乙醇溶液和0.1%次氯酸钠溶液分别处理5 min和3 min进行消毒,之后用无菌水洗涤5次,并用无菌滤纸吸干,标记后装入无菌袋,放置于−80 ℃的冰箱中用于后续的检测。为确定根系表面灭菌是否成功,提取100 μL最后一次洗涤过的无菌水置于培养基,在25 ℃下培养7 d,培养基上未出现菌落,证明已彻底消毒。
总DNA提取:使用FastDNA Spin Kit for soil(MP Biomedicals公司)对西瓜根系样品进行总DNA抽提,并使用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测抽提的基因组DNA浓度和纯度。
PCR扩增:采用TransStart FastPfu DNA Polymerase,细菌16S rRNA基因PCR扩增引物为799F (5′-AACMGGATTAGATACCCKG-3′)和1193R (5′-ACGTCATCCCCACCTTCC-3′);真菌ITS区PCR扩增引物为ITS1F (5′-CTTGGT CATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3′)和ITS2R (5′-GCTG CGTTCTTCATCGATGC-3′)。PCR反应体系(20 μL):2×Pro Taq 10 µL,DNA模板10 ng/μL,上、下游引物(5 µmol/L)各0.8 µL,ddH2O补足20 µL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性3 min;95 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸45 s,35个循环;72 ℃延伸10 min。使用2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测后回收PCR产物,利用AxyPrep DNA Gel Extraction Kit (Axygen Biosciences公司)进行回收产物纯化,并用Quantus Fluorometer (Promega公司)对回收产物进行定量检测。
样品总DNA提取、PCR扩增及Illumina文库构建均由上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司完成。
通过I-sanger云数据分析平台(上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司)进行细菌、真菌群落组成及功能预测分析,使用Excel 2021和SPSS 27.0进行试验数据的统计整理,采用单因素方差分析(analysis of variance, ANOVA)检验方法进行显著性分析,微生物多样性以Shannon指数和Simpson指数表示,丰富度以ACE指数和Chao1指数表示。
西瓜根系内生细菌测序的原始数据已存入NCBI数据库,登录号为PRJNA1080270。由表1可知,野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌由32门92纲220目390科811属1 535种和4 660个分类操作单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)组成。与栽培种西瓜相比,除门分类水平外,野生西瓜根系内生细菌在纲、目、科、属、种以及OTU分类水平上均高于相应的栽培种西瓜,表明野生西瓜根系拥有更为丰富的内生细菌种群数量。
表2可知,西瓜根系内生细菌的Shannon、Simpson、ACE和Chao1指数在野生和栽培种西瓜之间均无显著差异(P > 0.05),表明野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌多样性和丰富度并无显著差异。
另一方面,基于OTU水平进行偏最小二乘法判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA)发现,野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌群落分布于不同象限,不存在任何交集,表明野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌的群落结构差异显著(图1)。
图2可知,门分类水平,野生和栽培种西瓜根系优势内生细菌门均为7个(相对丰度占比大于1%),分别为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、黏球菌门(Myxococcota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、蛭弧菌门(Bdellovibrionota),表明门分类水平上,野生驯化成栽培种,仅改变了部分优势细菌门类相对丰度占比,并未改变西瓜根系内生细菌群落门类组成。采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验进行两组比较发现,野生西瓜根系中放线菌门的丰度占比显著高于相应的栽培种西瓜。
图3可知,属分类水平,野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌的优势细菌属(相对丰度占比大于1%)的数量分别为24和22;其中,二者共有的优势细菌属数量为16个。野生西瓜根系中,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、鞘氨醇菌属(Sphingobium)、溶杆菌属(Lysobacter)、苯基小杆菌属(Phenylobacterium)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、德沃斯氏菌属(Devosia)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、黄单藻科未分类菌属(unclassified_f__Xanthomonadaceae)、博斯氏菌属(Bosea)细菌的丰度占比均高于相应的栽培种西瓜。此外,类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)、游动放线菌属(Actinoplanes)、拟无枝酸菌属(Amycolatopsis)、列契瓦尼尔氏菌属(Lechevalieria)、慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)是野生西瓜根系中特有的优势内生细菌属;而金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、代尔夫特菌属(Delftia)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、嗜甲基菌科未分类菌属(unclassified_f__ Methylophilaceae)、塔希杆菌属(Tahibacter)细菌是栽培种西瓜根系中特有的优势内生细菌,采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验进行两组比较发现,野生西瓜中类诺卡氏菌属和微杆菌属细菌的丰度占比显著高于相应的栽培种西瓜。
基于线性判别分析效应大小(linear discriminant analysis effect size, LEfSe) (LDA阈值为3.5)分析发现,与栽培种西瓜相比,野生西瓜根系中,类诺卡氏菌属和微杆菌属细菌显著富集,而代尔夫特菌属和黄杆菌属细菌则在栽培种西瓜根系内富集(图4)。
根据BugBase表型预测分析发现,野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌表型主要有革兰氏阴性(Gram negative)、潜在致病性(potentially pathogenic)、移动元件(contains mobile elements)、兼性厌氧性(facultatively anaerobic)、形成生物膜(forms biofilms)、胁迫耐受(stress tolerant)、厌氧性(anaerobic)等九大类。采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验进行两组比较,结果显示野生西瓜根系内生细菌的需氧性(aerobic)、革兰氏阳性(Gram positive)显著高于相应的栽培种西瓜,其余7类不同表型细菌丰度占比野生和栽培种西瓜之间不存在显著差异(图5)。
此外,基于KEGG (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/)数据库比对发现,野生和栽培种西瓜植株根系内生细菌一级功能层包含生物学系统(organismal systems)、人类疾病(human diseases)、遗传信息加工(genetic information processing)、代谢(metabolism)、细胞过程(cellular processes)和环境信息加工(environmental information processing) 6类生物代谢通路(图6A)。
另一方面,野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌二级功能层主要由碳水化合物代谢(carbohydrate metabolism)、维生素的代谢(metabolism of cofactors and vitamins)、能量代谢(energy metabolism)等46个子功能组成(图6B)。采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验进行两组比较,发现46类代谢通路丰度在野生和栽培种西瓜之间均不存在显著差异。
西瓜根系内生真菌测序的原始数据已存入NCBI数据库,登录号为PRJNA1080342。由表3可知,野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生真菌由10门29纲67目127科204属278种和662个OTUs组成。与内生细菌的物种分类结果相反,野生西瓜根系中的内生真菌,除门、纲分类水平外,目、科、属、种及OTU分类水平数量上均低于相应的栽培种西瓜。
表4可知,真菌多样性指数Shannon和Simpson,以及丰富度指数ACE和Chao1在野生和栽培种西瓜根系之间均无显著差异(P > 0.05),表明野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生真菌的多样性和丰富度也不存在显著差异。
此外,基于OTU水平进行PLS-DA分析发现,野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生真菌群落也分布于不同象限,同样不存在任何交集,表明野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生真菌的群落结构差异显著(图7)。
图8可知,门分类水平,野生和栽培种西瓜根系共有的优势内生真菌有3个(相对丰度占比大于1%),分别为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、未分类的真菌(unclassified_k__Fungi)以及担子菌门(Basidiomycota)。此外,油壶菌门(Olpidiomycota)真菌是栽培种西瓜根系特有的优势真菌门类。
图9可知,属分类水平,野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生真菌的优势真菌属(相对丰度占比大于1%)数量分别为8个和11个;其中,二者共有的优势内生真菌属数量为5个,分别为AcrocalymmaPlectosphaerellaPoaceascoma以及未分类真菌。此外,刺盾炱目未分类菌属(unclassified_o__Chaetothyriales)、光黑壳属(Preussia)、小囊菌科未分类菌属(unclassified_ f__Microascaceae)是野生西瓜根系特有的优势内生真菌;而油壶菌属(Olpidium)、篮状菌属(Talaromyces)、新赤壳属(Neocosmospora)、Edenia等是栽培种西瓜根系特有的优势内生真菌。采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验进行两组比较发现,野生西瓜根系中刺盾炱目未分类菌属丰度占比显著高于相应的栽培种西瓜。
LEfSe (LDA阈值为3.5)分析发现,与栽培种西瓜相比,野生西瓜根系中刺盾炱目未分类菌属真菌显著富集,而栽培种西瓜根系内缺乏显著富集的内生真菌。表明野生西瓜驯化过程中,形成栽培种后根系中刺盾炱目未分类菌属真菌缺失(图10)。
图11可知,野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生真菌共检测出:植物病原体(plant pathogen)、动物寄生虫-真菌寄生虫(animal parasite-fungal parasite)、粪腐生菌-植物腐生菌(dung saprotroph-plant saprotroph)等7项功能;未定义腐生真菌(undefined saprotrophs)、植物病原体(plant pathogen)、动物性寄生物-真菌性寄生物(animal parasite-fungal parasite)丰度增加,基于Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验比较发现:上述功能在野生和栽培种西瓜之间并不存在显著差异。
宿主-内生菌的关系可以是共生的,也可以是拮抗的,这取决于宿主特异性和宿主选择性[22]。大部分的内生菌已被证明是非常有益的,以各种方式对植物、环境和人类产生积极影响。例如,内生菌可以通过直接或间接的方式促进植物生长,在生物修复、生物活性化合物生产和生物转化中都发挥着重要的作用[23]。此外,内生菌还能够产生各种水解酶,从而有助于限制和杀死病原体,同时满足内生菌本身的部分营养需求[24]
本研究发现,野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌和真菌多样性和丰富度不存在显著差异,这一现象与黄子粤等[25]的研究结果类似;即:同一种作物不同品种间,品种自身对植株内生细菌多样性和丰富度塑造的影响可能比环境大,但基于PLS-DA分析发现,野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生细菌群落结构仍存在显著差异。
门分类水平上,野生和栽培种西瓜根系内生优势细菌群落门分类水平组成虽然完全相同,但不同优势内生细菌门类的相对丰度占比存在差异。例如:野生西瓜根系中,放线菌门细菌相对丰度占比显著高于相应的栽培种西瓜,此外,厚壁菌门和绿屈挠菌门细菌丰度占比也高于相应的栽培种西瓜;研究已证实,放线菌门和绿弯菌门细菌在分解有机物和养分循环中发挥了重要作用[26];厚壁菌门细菌则具有诱导植物免疫反应的功能,在植物病害防控中发挥重要作用[27]。人类的选育、驯化过程深刻塑造了不同作物根部(根际和根内)微生物组的多样性和群落结构,研究者对菜豆等多种作物分析发现,拟杆菌门几乎完全富集在野生近缘种的根部,而变形菌门和放线菌门则始终富集在驯化物种的根部[28],与本研究中放线菌门显著富集在野生西瓜根系矛盾。Hassani等对野生和栽培小麦根际微生物的研究也出现了类似的矛盾[29],这可能是由于作物根系微生物组的多样性和群落结构不仅与作物的生长环境相关,还受其自身生理生态特征、驯化方向的影响,进而导致微生物组在不同作物间表现出差异[30]
属分类水平上,野生西瓜根系中,类诺卡氏菌属和微杆菌属细菌的丰度占比显著高于相应的栽培种西瓜,类诺卡氏菌属、微杆菌属、分枝杆菌属、游动放线菌属、拟无枝酸菌属、列契瓦尼尔氏菌属、慢生根瘤菌属、红球菌属细菌是野生西瓜根系的特有优势内生细菌属;研究已发现,类诺卡氏菌属细菌在生物固氮、溶磷及产铁载体方面发挥着重要作用[31];某些微杆菌属细菌可以产生生物活性物质,进而促进植物生长,提高作物抗病性和产量[32-34];分枝杆菌属细菌则具有脱氮与分解有机物的功能[35]。游动放线菌属细菌具有产生抗生素类物质功能,对植物病原菌产生拮抗作用[36];而拟无枝酸菌属、列契瓦尼尔氏菌属和红球菌属细菌则能产生抗生素,诱导植物产生抗性,提高植物的适应性进而促进植物健康生长[37-40]。慢生根瘤菌属细菌与植物固氮能力密切相关[41]。此外,基于BugBase表型预测以及比对KEGG数据库分析发现,野生西瓜根系中,内生细菌需氧性(aerobic)以及革兰氏阳性(Gram positive)显著高于相应的栽培种西瓜。对贵州花椒林的研究发现,大部分耐受菌属于革兰氏阳性菌,而致病菌多为革兰氏阴性菌[42]
另一方面,油壶菌门真菌是栽培种西瓜植株根系中特有的优势内生真菌门类;研究已发现,油壶菌门真菌具有两面性,该门类真菌是植物感染褐斑病的病原体;然而油壶菌门真菌的大多数物种也可以分解纤维素和几丁质,从而为植物生长提供更多的营养物质[43]
此外,刺盾炱目未分类菌属、光黑壳属、小囊菌科未分类菌属真菌是野生西瓜根系中特有的优势内生真菌。研究已证实,光黑壳属真菌能促进植株分泌生长激素,不仅有助于促进植物生长,而且在降解秸秆中大分子物质上发挥积极作用[44-45]
综上所述,野生西瓜驯化形成栽培种后,诸如类诺卡氏菌属、微杆菌属、红球菌属等具有固氮、溶磷、产铁载体、生物活性物质以及抗生素的有益细菌属,具有分泌生长激素的光黑壳属内生真菌缺失,可能是西瓜栽培种应对环境胁迫抗性,一般情况下弱于野生西瓜种的重要原因之一。此外,类诺卡氏菌属、微杆菌属、红球菌属细菌,以及光黑壳属真菌有望作为提高西瓜抗性的备选微生物资源。
  • 广西重点研发计划(申请书2023AB17011)
  • 广西大学巴马产教融合研究院专项(巴人科20220005)
  • 广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT045)
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2024年第64卷第10期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240228
  • 接收时间:2024-04-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-06-19
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-09
  • 录用日期:2024-06-17
基金
Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi(申请书2023AB17011)
广西重点研发计划(申请书2023AB17011)
Bama Institute of Integration of Industry and Education, Guangxi University(巴人科20220005)
广西大学巴马产教融合研究院专项(巴人科20220005)
Basic Research Project of Guangxi Academy Innovation Team of Agricultural Science(桂农科2021YT045)
广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT045)
作者信息
    1 广西大学 农学院, 广西农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室, 植物科学国家实验教学示范中心, 广西 南宁 530004
    2 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所, 广西 南宁 530007
    3 广西那坡县农业农村局, 广西 百色 533900

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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