Article(id=1242093871094628611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240233, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1712764800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1721059200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-07-16, onlineDate=1774067855857, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1721318400000, pubDateStr=2024-07-19, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774067855857, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774067855857, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774067855857, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242093864144666765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='10', pageStart='3571', pageEnd='3997', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774067854200, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774067980255, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242094392937353679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242094392937353680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3901, endPage=3915, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242093873284055497, articleId=1242093871094628611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Probiotic characteristics of Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Certain strains of Ligilactobacillus salivarius possess excellent probiotic properties and strong potential for application. This study characterized strain ATCC 11741 in terms of the growth characteristics, stress tolerance, and adhesion capacity, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of L. salivarius. [Methods] L. salivarius ATCC 11741's accuracy was verified through morphological observations and 16S rRNA gene sequencing; its growth characteristics were investigated by tracking growth and acid production curves; additionally, a range of tolerance tests, including those with acid, alkali, bile salts, hyperosmolarity and temperature, were conducted to evaluate its tolerance; lastly, self-aggregation and hydrophobicity experiments were used to indirectly determine its adhesion. [Results] The growth curve of L. salivarius ATCC 11741 was formed like a "S". The strain reached its highest acid production between 2–7 h, stabilizing at pH 4.3 after 14 h. After being cultured in the MRS medium at pH 2.0 for 4 h, the strain had a survival rate of 50.48% and grew well in the pH 4.0–11.0 range. Following 2 h of incubation in the MRS medium with 0.10% bile salt, the strain's survival rate was 94.440 0%. In the MRS medium with 6% NaCl, the strain continued to proliferate. The growth of strain ATCC 11741 was significantly affected by temperature, being promoted at 30–42 ℃ and inhibited at 20 ℃ and 50 ℃. At the 5 h mark, the strain's hydrophobicity (measured by the hydrocarbon compound adhesion method) was 44.5% and its self-aggregation rate was 41.4%. [Conclusion] L. salivarius ATCC 11741 is a strain with fast growth, strong tolerance to acids, alkali, and salts, moderate tolerance to bile salt, a wide range of suitable temperatures, and strong adhesion capacity.

, correspAuthors=Lei ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*ZHANG Lei, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xuefeng MEI, Deping HUA, Yujing TIAN, Jinhai HUANG, Lei ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1242093877520302813, articleId=1242093871094628611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741益生特性, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】部分唾液宿主关联乳杆菌(Ligilactobacillus salivarius)菌株具备优良的益生特性和较好的应用潜力。以唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741菌株为研究对象,探究其生长特性、耐受性和黏附能力,以期为唾液宿主关联乳杆菌的有效利用提供理论基础。【方法】利用形态观察和16S rRNA基因测序确认唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741的准确性;通过监测生长曲线和产酸曲线来探究其生长特性;此外,还进行了一系列耐受性试验,包括耐酸、耐碱、耐胆盐、耐高渗和耐温测试,以评估其耐受能力;最后,借助自聚集和疏水性试验来间接测定其黏附性。【结果】唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741呈快速“S”型生长;产酸高峰期在2−7 h,14 h后趋于稳定,最终pH值稳定在4.3左右;该菌株在pH 4.0−11.0范围内生长良好,在pH 2.0的MRS培养基中培养4 h存活率为50.48%;在胆盐浓度为0.10%的MRS培养基中培养2 h之后的存活率可达到94.440 0%;在NaCl浓度为6%的MRS培养基中仍能生长;温度对其生长影响显著,30−42 ℃促进生长,而20 ℃和50 ℃则抑制其生长;转速为120 r/min和180 r/min对其生长无显著影响;该菌株在5 h时自聚集率为41.4%,疏水性(碳烃化合物黏着法)为44.5%。【结论】L. salivarius ATCC 11741是一株生长快,耐酸、耐碱、耐盐能力强,具有一定胆盐耐受性,温度适应性较广,具有较强黏附能力的乳酸菌。

, correspAuthors=张蕾, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=LZ05dF9O1pcWFIc4yaJZDQ==, magXml=sX8WvPCs9L3Bn92Dg0+PFw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=5z1SegezNrPsVXv7GO/mXQ==, pdfFileSize=895987, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=tqv4h+gHsfkVK7e6OC/ZiQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=iQBQdaozoZ/eHQ0th06lRA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45 (5):134-143., articleTitle=Probiotic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the intestinal tract of mothers and infants in Hotan, Xinjiang, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1243285161857631032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, awardId=TSBICIP-KJGG-014, language=EN, fundingSource=Innovation Center for Synthetic Biotechnology in China(TSBICIP-KJGG-014), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1243285161991848767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, awardId=TSBICIP-KJGG-014, language=CN, fundingSource=国家合成生物技术创新中心(TSBICIP-KJGG-014), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1243285155993993618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243285156002382228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, companyId=1243285155993993618, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243285156010770837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, companyId=1243285155993993618, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=天津大学 医学部 生命科学学院, 天津 300072)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1243285159261356700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Morphological observations of Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741. A: Colony morphology of strain ATCC 11741 on MRS plate. B: Micrograph of Gram-stained bacterial cells., figureFileSmall=59E1vp8Fx0a/S6DxJQQrtg==, figureFileBig=+VW/YJ7cIzcY+RpxsyOSYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159374602914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741的形态观察, figureFileSmall=59E1vp8Fx0a/S6DxJQQrtg==, figureFileBig=+VW/YJ7cIzcY+RpxsyOSYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159521403563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=PCR analysis and phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA gene from Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 strain. A: PCR results of 16S rRNA gene of ATCC 11741 strain. 1−10: Genomes; −: Water control; M: DL5000 DNA Marker. B: Phylogenetic evolutionary tree of 16S rRNA gene of strain ATCC 11741. 0.050: Distance scale, the unit length of the numerical difference between organisms or sequences, analogous to the scale of an evolutionary tree., figureFileSmall=eWhOTCTcbGOaW2OVszxvJQ==, figureFileBig=Sn5MKNcRFr27NeDWyA1Hgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159626261167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741菌株16S rRNA基因的PCR分析及其系统发育树, figureFileSmall=eWhOTCTcbGOaW2OVszxvJQ==, figureFileBig=Sn5MKNcRFr27NeDWyA1Hgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159752090299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Growth and acid production curves of Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741. A: Growth curve of L. salivarius ATCC 11741. B: Acid production curve of L. salivarius ATCC 11741., figureFileSmall=IbzBidwI+y1E8EKXoDtfiA==, figureFileBig=DDfC4q113gOpaAN9etF0/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159840170689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741的生长曲线和产酸曲线, figureFileSmall=IbzBidwI+y1E8EKXoDtfiA==, figureFileBig=DDfC4q113gOpaAN9etF0/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159982777036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Growth of Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 under different pH conditions. Data are expressed as mean±standard deviation, **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001; ns: No significant difference., figureFileSmall=utV/+Js8HYxdCFTe07YN/w==, figureFileBig=T4OBTwx/iOSjn4tXfkpq0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160104411860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同pH条件下Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741的生长状况

数据以平均值±标准差表示,**P < 0.01;***P < 0.001;ns:不显著

, figureFileSmall=utV/+Js8HYxdCFTe07YN/w==, figureFileBig=T4OBTwx/iOSjn4tXfkpq0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160226046682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Growth of Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 at different bile salt concentrations. Data are expressed as mean±standard deviation, ****: P < 0.000 1., figureFileSmall=DAMKQjmvIX0iQRG8pIwE5A==, figureFileBig=vnGbHwrhe+O6gZ2xlhYqvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160330904289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同胆盐浓度下Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741的生长状况

数据以平均值±标准差表示,****: P < 0.000 1

, figureFileSmall=DAMKQjmvIX0iQRG8pIwE5A==, figureFileBig=vnGbHwrhe+O6gZ2xlhYqvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160448344805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Growth of Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 at different NaCl concentrations. Data are expressed as mean±standard deviation, ****: P < 0.000 1., figureFileSmall=Vb5gpWxMI1yQhaougD+Hiw==, figureFileBig=DXKRqxaS7+usWqzGEHAU1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160595145455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同NaCl浓度下Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741的生长状况

数据以平均值±标准差表示,****P < 0.000 1

, figureFileSmall=Vb5gpWxMI1yQhaougD+Hiw==, figureFileBig=DXKRqxaS7+usWqzGEHAU1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160729363193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Growth of Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 at different temperatures. Data are expressed as mean±standard deviation, ****: P < 0.000 1., figureFileSmall=j//tmiPPL+ewzKe6tDydzA==, figureFileBig=Swp09bUHcBapezqBFhsBEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160859386625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同温度下Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741的生长状况

数据以平均值±标准差表示,****P < 0.000 1

, figureFileSmall=j//tmiPPL+ewzKe6tDydzA==, figureFileBig=Swp09bUHcBapezqBFhsBEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160993604362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Growth of Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 at different speeds. Data are expressed as mean±standard deviation, ns: No significant difference., figureFileSmall=CUGIMvryQ3zyM1tDr7x/XA==, figureFileBig=2eiPJ+0tx+IRZO7CErCOzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285161111044880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同转速下Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741的生长状况

数据以平均值±标准差表示,ns:不显著

, figureFileSmall=CUGIMvryQ3zyM1tDr7x/XA==, figureFileBig=2eiPJ+0tx+IRZO7CErCOzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285161253651226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Tolerance of Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 to different concentrations of bile salt

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
c(bile salt)/%Viable count (×107 CFU/mL)Survival rate (%)
CFU/mL indicates the number of viable bacteria per milliliter of liquid, counted by plate counting.
0.004.80±0.21
0.104.50±0.1194.440 0
0.200.029 0±0.004 40.600 0
0.300.000 030±0.000 0020.000 6
), ArticleFig(id=1243285161379480351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741对不同胆盐浓度的耐受程度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
c(bile salt)/%Viable count (×107 CFU/mL)Survival rate (%)
CFU/mL indicates the number of viable bacteria per milliliter of liquid, counted by plate counting.
0.004.80±0.21
0.104.50±0.1194.440 0
0.200.029 0±0.004 40.600 0
0.300.000 030±0.000 0020.000 6
), ArticleFig(id=1243285161492726563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Self-aggregation capacity of Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/hA0AtSelf-aggregation rate (%)
00.1740.174
10.1740.14814.9
20.1740.12627.5
30.1740.11434.5
40.1740.10937.4
50.1740.10241.4
), ArticleFig(id=1243285161614361388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093871094628611, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741的自聚集能力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/hA0AtSelf-aggregation rate (%)
00.1740.174
10.1740.14814.9
20.1740.12627.5
30.1740.11434.5
40.1740.10937.4
50.1740.10241.4
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唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741益生特性
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梅雪锋 # , 华德平 # , 田雨菁 , 黄金海 , 张蕾 *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(10): 3901-3915
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(10): 3901-3915
唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741益生特性
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梅雪锋#, 华德平#, 田雨菁, 黄金海, 张蕾*
作者信息
  • 天津大学 医学部 生命科学学院, 天津 300072
Probiotic characteristics of Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741
Xuefeng MEI#, Deping HUA#, Yujing TIAN, Jinhai HUANG, Lei ZHANG*
Affiliations
  • School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
出版时间: 2024-07-19 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240233
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【目的】部分唾液宿主关联乳杆菌(Ligilactobacillus salivarius)菌株具备优良的益生特性和较好的应用潜力。以唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741菌株为研究对象,探究其生长特性、耐受性和黏附能力,以期为唾液宿主关联乳杆菌的有效利用提供理论基础。【方法】利用形态观察和16S rRNA基因测序确认唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741的准确性;通过监测生长曲线和产酸曲线来探究其生长特性;此外,还进行了一系列耐受性试验,包括耐酸、耐碱、耐胆盐、耐高渗和耐温测试,以评估其耐受能力;最后,借助自聚集和疏水性试验来间接测定其黏附性。【结果】唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741呈快速“S”型生长;产酸高峰期在2−7 h,14 h后趋于稳定,最终pH值稳定在4.3左右;该菌株在pH 4.0−11.0范围内生长良好,在pH 2.0的MRS培养基中培养4 h存活率为50.48%;在胆盐浓度为0.10%的MRS培养基中培养2 h之后的存活率可达到94.440 0%;在NaCl浓度为6%的MRS培养基中仍能生长;温度对其生长影响显著,30−42 ℃促进生长,而20 ℃和50 ℃则抑制其生长;转速为120 r/min和180 r/min对其生长无显著影响;该菌株在5 h时自聚集率为41.4%,疏水性(碳烃化合物黏着法)为44.5%。【结论】L. salivarius ATCC 11741是一株生长快,耐酸、耐碱、耐盐能力强,具有一定胆盐耐受性,温度适应性较广,具有较强黏附能力的乳酸菌。

唾液宿主关联乳杆菌  /  生长特性  /  耐受效果  /  黏附能力

[Objective] Certain strains of Ligilactobacillus salivarius possess excellent probiotic properties and strong potential for application. This study characterized strain ATCC 11741 in terms of the growth characteristics, stress tolerance, and adhesion capacity, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of L. salivarius. [Methods] L. salivarius ATCC 11741's accuracy was verified through morphological observations and 16S rRNA gene sequencing; its growth characteristics were investigated by tracking growth and acid production curves; additionally, a range of tolerance tests, including those with acid, alkali, bile salts, hyperosmolarity and temperature, were conducted to evaluate its tolerance; lastly, self-aggregation and hydrophobicity experiments were used to indirectly determine its adhesion. [Results] The growth curve of L. salivarius ATCC 11741 was formed like a "S". The strain reached its highest acid production between 2–7 h, stabilizing at pH 4.3 after 14 h. After being cultured in the MRS medium at pH 2.0 for 4 h, the strain had a survival rate of 50.48% and grew well in the pH 4.0–11.0 range. Following 2 h of incubation in the MRS medium with 0.10% bile salt, the strain's survival rate was 94.440 0%. In the MRS medium with 6% NaCl, the strain continued to proliferate. The growth of strain ATCC 11741 was significantly affected by temperature, being promoted at 30–42 ℃ and inhibited at 20 ℃ and 50 ℃. At the 5 h mark, the strain's hydrophobicity (measured by the hydrocarbon compound adhesion method) was 44.5% and its self-aggregation rate was 41.4%. [Conclusion] L. salivarius ATCC 11741 is a strain with fast growth, strong tolerance to acids, alkali, and salts, moderate tolerance to bile salt, a wide range of suitable temperatures, and strong adhesion capacity.

Ligilactobacillus salivarius  /  growth characteristics  /  tolerance  /  adhesion capacity
梅雪锋, 华德平, 田雨菁, 黄金海, 张蕾. 唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741益生特性. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (10) : 3901 -3915 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240233
Xuefeng MEI, Deping HUA, Yujing TIAN, Jinhai HUANG, Lei ZHANG. Probiotic characteristics of Ligilactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (10) : 3901 -3915 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240233
益生菌被定义为“活的,当给予足够量时可为宿主的健康带来益处的微生物”[1]。补充益生菌能够调节肠道微生物的群落结构,维持宿主的健康状态[2-3]。截至目前,研究最多的益生菌主要为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)[4]。唾液宿主关联乳杆菌常存在于人或动物口腔、消化道以及粪便中,具有良好的益生性功能与生物学特性[5]。作为一种益生菌,唾液宿主关联乳杆菌(Ligilactobacillus salivarius)具备耐酸、耐胆盐、胞外多糖产量高等特性[6-7],并对肠道上皮细胞具有优良的黏附性能[8]和定殖能力。此外,它还能促进机体免疫系统发育及增强肠道屏障功能[9-10]。大量的证据表明,唾液宿主关联乳杆菌是一种具有广泛应用潜力的乳酸菌[11]
近年来,许多科研人员对唾液宿主关联乳杆菌进行了深入的研究与探索。在Mayanagi等[12]的研究中发现,摄取含有唾液宿主关联乳杆菌WB21的免疫片剂,能有效降低牙周病原菌的含量,同时有助于维持口腔微生态的平衡。唾液宿主关联乳杆菌REN能有效抑制致癌物质4-硝基喹啉-1-氧化物(4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, 4NQO)引发的口腔癌,其机制可能与该菌能够减少氧化损伤以及降低环氧化酶-2 (cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2)的表达有关[13]。根据最新的研究资料,唾液宿主关联乳杆菌MTC1026具有明显抑制Caco-2细胞上鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium) ATCC 13311与大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) ATCC 25922黏附细胞的能力,这表明其能有效阻碍病原菌对宿主的感染过程[14]。此外,唾液宿主关联乳杆菌还可以通过黏膜免疫反应维持宿主健康,新生仔猪口服唾液宿主关联乳杆菌B1一段时间后,对其肠黏膜样本进行检测发现,唾液宿主关联乳杆菌B1促进肠道内上皮内淋巴细胞(intraepithelial lymphocyte, IELs)和免疫球蛋白A (immunoglobulin A, IgA)的生成,同时,在基因和蛋白水平上调肠道Toll样受体2 (Toll like receptor 2, TLR2)的表达[15]。Zhang等[16]研究了某些致病菌对肠道菌群的影响,并探讨了唾液宿主关联乳杆菌REN在抗衡这些影响方面的功效,最终发现REN能有效抑制致病菌幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, Hp)和普通脱硫弧菌(Desulfovibrio vulgaris)的初次感染和生长。Sornplang等[17]发现单独或联合使用唾液宿主关联乳杆菌L61和L55可提高雏鸡感染肠炎沙门氏菌(Salmonella enteritidis, SE)后的存活率,并提高嗜酸性粒细胞(eosinophil, EOS)的吞噬功能。在为期一个月的仔猪饲养实验中,研究人员从喂食裙带菜的猪肠道内分离并鉴定了128株唾液宿主关联乳杆菌,其中唾液宿主关联乳杆菌FFIG71在白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)表达上调方面表现突出,而唾液宿主关联乳杆菌FFIG131则在干扰素β (interferon-β, IFN-β)表达上调方面具有显著性,这为创新猪饲料免疫促进剂的开发提供了新方向[18]。此外,从一对母子的婴儿粪便和母乳中分离出唾液宿主关联乳杆菌CECT5713,被证明其在胃肠道条件下存活,可黏附在肠道细胞上,并在体外感染性腹泻小鼠模型中具有抗菌活性[19],且不产生d-乳酸[20],该菌株符合益生菌的推荐安全标准。Lara-Villoslada等[21]对实验小鼠进行高剂量CECT5713的口服给药后,未观察到对小鼠体重及摄食行为产生任何负面影响,同时,小鼠在接受治疗过程中并未出现菌血症症状,经细致检查,也未发生细菌从小鼠肠道向肝脏或脾脏的转移,因此推测人类可以使用该菌株。随后,有研究者将其添加进奶粉中,服用了6个月添加唾液宿主关联乳杆菌奶粉的儿童粪便中乳酸菌含量增加,并且未产生任何不良反应[22]。由于唾液宿主关联乳杆菌基因组的多样性,对于特定菌株的安全性评估是比较困难的,然而,几项安全性评估结果都证明了唾液宿主关联乳杆菌是安全的,或可将其用于食品或药品生产中。综上所述,唾液宿主关联乳杆菌作为一种益生菌,在维护口腔健康、抗菌效能、免疫调节机制以及抗衰老等多个领域展现出显著的应用价值,其安全性也得到了广泛认可,从而确保了其在食品与药品等领域实际应用可行性。
本研究旨在通过研究L. salivarius ATCC 11741菌株的形态特点、生长曲线、产酸曲线等生长特性,评估该菌株在不同温度、pH、渗透压、胆盐浓度和高渗环境等胁迫条件下的耐受能力,并间接对其黏附性进行评估,确定菌株的特性,从而为L. salivarius ATCC 11741的实际应用提供有力的支撑依据。
L. salivarius ATCC 11741分离自人类唾液,保存于德国Deutsche Sammlungvon Mikroorganismenund Zellkulturen (DSMZ)菌种保藏中心,由内蒙古农业大学乳品生物技术与工程教育部重点实验室惠赠,其基因组序列为NCBI ID:GCA_000159395.10[23]
MRS培养基,北京酷来搏科技有限公司;革兰氏染色试剂盒,广东环凯生物科技有限公司;2×Hieff® PCR Master Mix,翊圣生物科技(上海)股份有限公司;盐酸、氢氧化钠、氯化钠、硝酸钾、二甲苯溶液、磷酸二氢钾、无水乙醇,天津市江天化工技术股份有限公司;琼脂、琼脂糖、胃蛋白酶、牛胆盐、醋酸锂、10%-十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS)溶液,北京索莱宝科技有限公司。
在超净工作台中,用小砂轮在装有L. salivarius ATCC 11741冻干粉的安瓿瓶曲颈1/2处划两圈,然后在酒精灯处灼烧一下,用镊子敲断安瓿瓶瓶口。用牙签蘸取少量L. salivarius ATCC 11741的冻干粉溶于装有1 mL ddH2O的1.5 mL无菌EP管中,按照10−5、10−6、10−7的梯度稀释样品,分别取100 μL涂布于MRS阴性平板上,37 ℃倒置培养24 h后观察其形态,挑取单菌落进行油镜镜检、革兰氏染色(Cram stain),区分出革兰阳性(G+)菌和革兰阴性(G)菌的形态和颜色,除此之外,另取单菌落多次划线纯化后接种于MRS阴性液体培养基中,按照甘油: 培养基=1:1的比例保存于−80 ℃。
取在MRS液体培养基中培养过夜的乳酸菌菌液200 μL,向其中加入200 μL 1 mol/L醋酸锂、100 μL 10%-SDS和700 μL ddH2O,沸水浴10 min后,12 000 r/min离心2 min,去上清;向沉淀中加入200 μL无水乙醇,静置5 min后,12 000 r/min离心2 min,去上清;向沉淀中加入200 μL 75%乙醇,12 000 r/min离心2 min,去上清;沉淀室温晾干,加100 μL ddH2O重悬,PCR时取1 μL作为模板。
引物为细菌16S rRNA基因通用引物27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′)和1492R (5′-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′)。PCR反应体系(20 μL):2×Hieff® PCR Master Mix 10 μL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各0.2 µL,DNA模板1 µL,ddH2O 8.6 µL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性3 min;95 ℃变性20 s,55 ℃退火20 s,72 ℃延伸1 min 30 s,35个循环;72 ℃终延伸5 min。琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析扩增的目标DNA片段,并将该片段提交至苏州金唯智生物科技有限公司进行序列测定。所获得的测序数据进一步在NCBI生物信息数据库(https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi)上进行同源比对分析。
将NCBI数据库输出的序列信息导入软件MEGA 11,选择Phylogenetic Analysis进行系统发育分析。返回主页面,点击PHYLOGENY,选择邻接法(neighbor-joining method)调整参数,选择自展值1 000输出结果。
将甘油保藏备用的L. salivarius ATCC 11741在MRS固体培养基上进行划线,单菌落形成后,从这些单菌落中挑选1株进行液体培养,直至其光密度(OD600)达到1.0。接着,按照1%的接种量,将其转接至MRS液体培养基中,并在37 ℃条件下静置培养。在培养的前2 h,每隔1 h测定1次OD600值,而在2−7 h的培养期间,每隔0.5 h测定1次OD600值,7−24 h每隔1 h测定OD600值,对生长曲线进行统计分析。同时,监测细菌培养液的pH值,以获得产酸动态曲线。
配制pH分别为2.0、4.0、5.7、9.0、11.0的MRS液体培养基,115 ℃灭菌20 min,室温保存。将活化菌液以1%的接种量转移至具有不同pH值的MRS液体培养基中,并在37 ℃条件下静置培养24 h,之后,测定其OD600值。pH为5.7的环境为正常培养基pH,作为对照。
同时,测定唾液宿主关联乳杆菌在强酸条件下,培养基pH为2.0时菌株的存活率,吸取活化菌液1 mL,6 000 r/min离心5 min,弃上清,加入1 mL pH为2.0的MRS液体培养基,并在37 ℃条件下静置培养。分别在0 min和240 min时取一些液体稀释至10−6,随后取100 μL稀释液均匀地涂布在MRS阴性平板上,待菌落形成后,对平板上的单菌落进行计数。存活率计算如公式(1)所示。
式中:N0为0 min时单菌落数(CFU/mL),Nt为240 min时单菌落数(CFU/mL)。
配制含有不同胆盐浓度的MRS液体培养基,浓度分别为0.05%、0.10%、0.20%、0.30%,随后在115 ℃下灭菌20 min并保存于室温。接着,以1%的接种量将活化菌液转接到这些不同胆盐浓度的MRS液体培养基中,并在37 ℃条件下静置培养24 h后,测定其OD600值。以胆盐浓度为0.00%的正常MRS培养基作为对照。
同时测定在强胆盐浓度下菌株的存活率,吸取1 mL活化好的菌液,6 000 r/min离心5 min,去上清,分别加入1 mL胆盐浓度为0.00%、0.10%、0.20%、0.30%的MRS液体培养基,37 ℃静置培养120 min后,取一些液体稀释至10−6,随后取100 μL稀释液均匀地涂布在MRS阴性平板上,最终统计平板上单菌落数量,并据此计算存活率。
配置MRS液体培养基,NaCl浓度分别为2%、4%、6%、8%、10%,随后在115 ℃下灭菌20 min并保存于室温。之后,将活化好的菌液以1%的接种量转接到这些不同NaCl浓度的MRS液体培养基中,并在37 ℃条件下静置培养24 h,最后测定OD600值。以NaCl浓度为0%的正常MRS培养基作为对照。
按照1%的接种量将活化好的菌液转接到MRS液体培养基中,分别在20、30、35、37、42、50 ℃下培养24 h后测定OD600值。
按照1%的接种量将活化好的菌液转接到MRS液体培养基中,通过设置摇床转速控制溶氧量,一定范围内,摇床转速越高,培养基中的溶氧量越高,分别在120 r/min、180 r/min转速条件培养24 h后测定OD600值。
在平板上复苏L. salivarius ATCC 11741菌株,挑选单菌落转移至MRS液体培养基中,在37 ℃的条件下进行静置过夜培养。次日,将菌液于6 000 r/min离心15 min,使用PBS缓冲液重新悬浮菌体沉淀,取1 mL的悬浮液用于测定OD600值,标记为A0。剩余的菌液通过涡旋振荡10 s后,转移至试管中,并在室温下放置5 h。在此期间,每隔1 h取0.1 mL的菌液,加入3.9 mL的PBS后测定OD600值。自聚集能力计算如公式(2)所示。
式中:A0表示时间为0时的OD600值,At表示不同时间下OD600值,t=1, 2, 3, 4, 5。
将过夜培养的菌液6 000 r/min离心15 min,收集菌体。随后,使用PBS洗涤2次,以去除培养基残留。洗涤后,用5 mL 0.1 mol/L KNO3重悬菌泥,取1 mL溶液测定OD600值,标记为B0,剩余菌液中加入1 mL二甲苯,涡旋振荡30 s后,室温静置10 min,随后,涡旋振荡2 min,室温继续静置20 min,吸取下层水相测定OD600值,标记为B1,疏水性能力计算如公式(3)所示。
式中:B0表示时间为0时的OD600值,B1表示最终的OD600值。
试验数据采用GraphPad Prism软件进行数据的整理及画图,并利用软件对菌株不同pH的耐受能力、不同胆盐浓度耐受能力、对不同渗透压条件下的耐受能力、不同温度的耐受能力以及溶氧量对菌株生长影响进行单因素方差分析,数据以平均值±标准差表示,以P < 0.05表示有显著性差异。
为确定L. salivarius ATCC 11741的准确性,首先,观察该菌株在平板上的菌落形态,发现菌落呈圆形,色泽乳白,表面平滑,中心部分略微隆起,边缘部分整齐清晰(图1A)。革兰氏染色呈现阳性,菌体形态包括短杆状、短链状或散状排列,未发现芽孢存在(图1B)。
提取L. salivarius ATCC 11741的基因组DNA为模板,利用引物(27F和1492R)进行16S rRNA基因的PCR扩增,琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示,扩增条带位于约1 500 bp处,大小符合预期(图2A)。随机挑选了阳性扩增结果进行测序,并将测序结果提交至NCBI网站进行比对。使用MEGA 11软件构建了系统发育树(图2B),结果验证了所获得的L. salivarius ATCC 11741菌株在系统分类学中的准确性,可用于后续的实验分析。
挑取活化后的L. salivarius ATCC 11741单菌落进行培养,随后将其转接至大锥形瓶中。随后,通过测定其OD600值,绘制了ATCC 11741生长曲线。结果显示,该菌株的延迟期不明显,生长较快,约在1 h后进入对数生长期,2−6 h期间生长速率最快,8 h后生长逐渐平缓,整体呈现典型的“S”型曲线生长(图3A)。在测定ATCC 11741生长曲线的同时,还测量了菌液的pH值,并绘制了菌株的产酸曲线。结果表明,该菌株在2−7 h期间产酸效率高,9 h后产酸速率明显变慢,14 h后达到稳定状态,最终pH值维持在4.3左右(图3B)。总体来说,ATCC 11741具有较强的产酸能力。
通过配制不同pH的MRS培养基,模拟酸性或碱性环境,测定ATCC 11741菌株的生长状况。结果表明,经过24 h的培养,该菌株在pH为2.0的条件下,OD600值仅为0.01左右,几乎无生长;在pH为4.0时,OD600值达到1.6左右;在pH为5.7−9.0时,菌株生长状况最好,OD600值可达到2.1左右,在pH为11.0时,菌株生长状况略有下降,OD600值达到1.7左右(图4),总的来说,L. salivarius ATCC 11741具有较好的耐酸、耐碱能力。
在进入人体消化道并发挥有益作用之前,乳酸菌需克服胃部低pH环境。通常,人胃内环境呈高度酸性,其pH值受饮食影响,在1.5−3.0的范围内波动。因此,为了模拟胃酸条件,采用了pH为2.0的环境。然而,考虑到在pH 2.0的液体条件下培养24 h可能对乳酸菌造成过度的胁迫,这与活菌在胃部的实际情况可能不相符。因此,通过在pH 2.0条件下培养4 h后,使用平板计数的方式进行统计。结果表明,ATCC 11741存活率为50.48%,具有很强的耐酸能力。
人体内的乳酸菌主要定殖于肠道中,消化液主要由胆汁和胰液构成,人体小肠内胆盐的浓度通常维持在0.05%−0.30%的范围内,在胆汁盐的存在下,乳酸菌能够维持较高的存活率,这是其发挥益生作用的重要基础。本研究设置了含不同浓度胆盐的MRS培养基,测定ATCC 11741菌株在不同浓度胆盐下培养24 h后的OD600值,发现在0.05%胆盐浓度下ATCC 11741具有很好的生长状态,几乎与对照一致;当胆盐浓度在0.10%以上时,OD600值迅速下降为0.1左右(图5),提示ATCC 11741具有一定的耐胆盐能力。
在动物肠道内,乳酸菌几乎不可能在高浓度胆盐下生长24 h,因此,在含0.10%、0.20%、0.30%的胆盐梯度的培养基分别培养2 h后,使用平板计数的方式统计活菌的数量,如表1所示,ATCC 11741在胆盐浓度为0.10%时存活率很高,达94.440 0%,但是,胆盐浓度达到0.20%及以上时,存活率很差。总的来说,ATCC 11741展现出一定的耐胆盐特性,即在短时间内,即使在较高浓度的胆盐环境下,仍有部分菌株能够存活。
乳酸菌在诸如发酵泡菜等高盐环境中广泛应用,因此,具备一定的抗NaCl能力显得尤为重要。不同NaCl盐浓度的培养基中培养24 h后,测定L. salivarius ATCC 11741菌株的OD600值发现,随着NaCl浓度升高,ATCC 11741生长受到抑制的情况越显著,在含有6% NaCl的MRS液体培养基培养24 h后,菌体浓度升高,仍然可以生长;而当NaCl含量达到8%时,菌株几乎不生长。随着渗透压的升高,对ATCC 11741生长的抑制作用也越发明显(图6)。这些结果表明,该菌株对NaCl含量不高于6%的环境有较高的耐受性。
不同的温度可能会影响乳酸菌的发酵效果,对于乳酸菌实际生产造成一定影响。通过设置多个温度梯度,测定L. salivarius ATCC 11741在不同温度下培养24 h后的OD600值发现,ATCC 11741在温度为20 ℃时OD600值为0.2左右,生长较慢,在温度30−42 ℃时生长较快,但无明显区别,然而,当温度升高到50 ℃时,菌株生长受到较大抑制(图7),说明ATCC 11741适宜生长的温度范围在30−42 ℃之间,过高或过低的温度均不适宜其生长。
乳酸菌是一类厌氧或兼性厌氧型微生物,其生长过程可能受到氧气含量的影响。本研究通过调整转速模拟不同含氧量环境,测试了其对ATCC 11741生长的影响。结果显示,转速为120 r/min和180 r/min对ATCC 11741菌株均无影响(图8),说明该菌株的生长不受溶氧量的影响。
乳酸菌通过黏附作用在肠道内发挥调控菌群结构、促进宿主健康等功效,因此,黏附能力通常被视为衡量益生菌品质的重要指标。值得注意的是,菌株的自聚集和疏水特性与其黏附作用存在密切关联。实验结果显示,ATCC 11741自聚集率在5 h时达到41.4% (表2),通过碳烃化合物黏着法测定ATCC 11741的疏水性,结果为44.5%,根据细菌的自聚集能力和表面疏水性划分标准,ATCC 11741为一株中度自聚集性和疏水性的菌株。由于菌株自聚集能力过高或过低,以及表面疏水性过低,往往导致菌株的黏附能力较差[24],因此,推测ATCC 11741可能具有较好的黏附能力。
乳酸菌株要被视为益生菌,需要符合一些标准,如非致病性,在极端环境下(如低pH值和胆盐等)具备一定的生存能力,黏附肠道细胞能力,能在人类和动物胃肠道内定殖等[25]。本研究选择了具有特殊生理功能和生态适应性的益生菌——唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741作为研究对象[26]。通过对该菌种的耐受性能进行深入研究,以期揭示其在不同环境条件下的生存能力和适应性,为益生菌的应用提供理论支持。首先,通过形态观察、革兰氏染色、16S rRNA基因测序确定L. salivarius ATCC 11741的准确性,之后测定了其生长曲线以及产酸曲线,以及在不同胁迫条件下的耐受能力。这些研究内容的深入探讨不仅有助于更好地理解该菌种的生物学特性,还为益生菌在实际应用中的优化和改良提供了重要依据。
通常情况下,菌液浓度与OD600值之间存在正相关关系,而乳酸菌的产酸能力曲线与其生长曲线则呈现负相关关系。本研究测定的唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741约1 h就进入对数生长期,8 h后生长逐渐平缓,ATCC 11741在对数生长期后pH急剧降低,最终稳定在4.3左右,显示出较强的产酸能力。武香玉等[27]从鸡肠道黏膜中成功分离出的唾液宿主关联乳杆菌4 h后才进入对数生长期,在10 h后稳定增长,该菌株具有很强的产酸能力,使得最终pH值能够维持在3.5左右;边彦超等[28]从番鸭中分离的唾液宿主关联乳杆菌在6 h左右进入对数生长期,最终pH稳定在3.0左右;其他研究者发现,肠源唾液宿主关联乳杆菌CPU9601在2 h可进入对数生长期,随着菌株的生长,菌液pH值也明显下降,最终pH值维持在3.5−4.0之间[29]。综上所述,ATCC 11741是一株生长快、产酸能力强的唾液宿主关联乳杆菌。
乳酸菌要在胃肠道里生存并发挥良好的益生效果,首要前提是确保菌株能够适应人体消化环境,具有较强对酸对碱的耐受能力,良好的益生菌菌株应该能够在胃中(至少pH 3.0的条件下)保持3 h且具有较高的存活率[30]。唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741在pH为2.0的MRS液体培养基中孵育4 h后,涂板计数发现其存活率达到50.48%。此外,ATCC 11741在含有0.10%高浓度胆盐的MRS液体培养基中孵育2 h后,存活率也可达到94.440 0%。相比之下,马翠柳等[31]研究发现,唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ZJBF005在pH为1.0和2.0的环境下无法生长,其生长能力在含有0.2%胆盐的培养基中受到显著抑制;张磊等[32]筛选出的4株唾液宿主关联乳杆菌在pH 2.0环境下的培养存活率最高仅约30%,在0.2%胆盐培养基中,这些菌株的存活率同样不足5%;许守涛等[29]探究肠源唾液宿主关联乳杆菌CPU9601的耐酸性和耐胆盐性,发现该菌株在pH值为2.0至3.0的酸性环境中,其生长能力受到了明显的抑制,此外,在胆汁浓度为2%的培养条件下,该菌株的OD600值也显著降低。综上所述,唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741具备较强的耐酸性,能够在较为苛刻的酸性环境中保持较高的存活率。此外,该菌株也具有一定的胆盐耐受性。本研究还测定了ATCC 11741在不同NaCl浓度下的生长状况,发现ATCC 11741能耐受较高浓度的NaCl。这些发现不仅为了解唾液宿主关联乳杆菌的生物学特性提供了有价值的数据,还可能为开发新型益生菌产品提供参考。
适当的温度在促进各种菌株的发酵过程中起着至关重要的作用,能使它们更快地生长,并带来更好的发酵质量[33]。特定菌株的理想温度范围取决于其生理特点和代谢活动,保持这一最佳温度环境可确保参与发酵过程的酶有效工作,加快生化反应和代谢转化[34]。经过验证,唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741适宜生长的温度范围为30−42 ℃,最适生长温度为37 ℃,这与其他研究者针对唾液宿主关联乳杆菌的培养温度研究所得结果是一致的,边彦超等[28]从番鸭中分离出的唾液宿主关联乳杆菌,采用MRS液体培养基在37 ℃培养24 h,以检测其生长特性;王佰涛等[35]对从仔猪中分离出的唾液宿主关联乳杆菌同样于37 ℃培养,随后利用该菌株进行了抑菌实验。这些结果基本可以证明唾液宿主关联乳杆菌适宜生长的温度为37 ℃,而适宜的温度有利于菌株更快地生长,其不仅能缩短整个发酵时间,还能更有效地利用养分,最终提高发酵质量。适宜的温度还有利于对菌株进行其他实验的验证,当菌株在最佳条件下生长时,其生物学特性和代谢途径都会表现得更加明显和稳定。这使得研究人员能够更准确地评估菌株的性能和潜力,并为后续的实验和应用提供有力的支持。
此外,益生菌需具备黏附肠黏液的能力,从而在肠道内实现定植与繁殖[36]。本研究通过测定ATCC 11741的自聚集能力以及疏水性间接评估其黏附能力。自聚集能力高、中、低评判标准分别对应数据为50%以上、36%−50%、16%−35%,疏水性能力高、中、低能力分别对应50%以上、20%−50%以及20%以下[37],本研究最终得到ATCC 11741自聚集率在5 h时达到41.4%,疏水性为44.5%,一般来说,疏水性过低、自聚集能力过高(> 80%)或过低(< 10%)都会降低其黏附能力[24],当菌株的自聚集能力和表面疏水性均维持在中等水平(约50%)时,其展现出较高黏附性能的可能性会显著增加[38],江宇航[39]对唾液宿主关联乳杆菌L.S.05进行疏水性和自聚集能力分析,其自聚集能力和疏水性分别为61.16%和57.12%,其提出菌株在动物肠道可能具有非特异性黏附效果;Wang等[40]揭示了干酪乳杆菌ZX633自聚性为15.32%,疏水性为33.48%,拥有出色的益生属性;李建军等[41]对29株菌株进行了疏水性和自聚性实验,所有试验菌株的疏水性都在7%−32%之间,试验菌株4 h的自聚性在3%−81%,可能具备黏附肠上皮细胞的能力。因此,唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741为一株中度自聚集性、中度疏水性的菌株,其具有黏附于肠道的潜力。
本研究的成果具有较强的实践应用价值。通过对唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741耐受性能的分析,为益生菌在工业生产领域的应用提供了重要的理论依据和技术支持。这些应用不仅有助于提高产品的质量和安全性,还有助于推动相关产业的创新和发展。然而,本研究除了测定ATCC 11741耐受性等性质外,对于其生理活性的检测并未涉及。因此,在后续的研究中,需要针对ATCC 11741的生理活性进行更加全面和细致的检测与分析。特别是关于其调节机体免疫和抗菌作用的具体机制与效果,需要通过实验进行验证,以提供更深入、更全面的了解,例如:利用高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)或气相色谱(gas chromatography, GC)等分析技术,鉴定菌株产生的有机酸种类和含量;通过琼脂扩散法、共培养法等方法,检测菌株对常见致病菌的抑制作用等。这样不仅可以填补当前研究的空白,还能为未来的应用和开发提供更加坚实的理论基础。
总的来说,ATCC 11741的生长曲线呈现出规律的“S”型曲线,该菌株的产酸能力与其生长曲线相一致,其适宜生长温度为37−42 ℃,具有较好的耐酸、耐碱的特性,能够长时间耐受0.05%的胆盐和6%的NaCl溶液,对0.10%的胆盐在一定时间内具有较好的耐受能力,自聚集能力和表面疏水性均在中等水平。通过本研究证明:唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741菌株性质好,生长快,抗胃酸胆盐能力较强,温度适应性广,具有潜在的定植能力,是一株具较高应用价值的乳酸菌。
致谢
感谢内蒙古农业大学乳品生物技术与工程教育部重点实验室乳酸菌菌种资源库分享赠送模式株唾液宿主关联乳杆菌ATCC 11741,交予本研究进行乳酸菌的科学研究使用。
作者贡献声明
梅雪锋:全部实验操作,数据收集和处理,论文撰写和修改;华德平:研究构思和设计,论文修改;田雨菁:协助实验操作;黄金海:参与论文讨论;张蕾:研究构思和设计,参与论文讨论。
作者利益冲突公开声明
作者声明没有任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
  • 国家合成生物技术创新中心(TSBICIP-KJGG-014)
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2024年第64卷第10期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240233
  • 接收时间:2024-04-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-07-19
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-11
  • 录用日期:2024-07-16
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Innovation Center for Synthetic Biotechnology in China(TSBICIP-KJGG-014)
国家合成生物技术创新中心(TSBICIP-KJGG-014)
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    天津大学 医学部 生命科学学院, 天津 300072

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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