Article(id=1241783827497030321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241783822560334490, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240112, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1708617600000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1717344000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-06-03, onlineDate=1773993935702, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1718294400000, pubDateStr=2024-06-14, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773993935702, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773993935702, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773993935702, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241783822560334490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='9', pageStart='3091', pageEnd='3558', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773993934526, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773994132256, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241784651996528679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241783822560334490, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241784651996528680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241783822560334490, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3295, endPage=3313, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241783829199917779, articleId=1241783827497030321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Community composition of Lactobacillus spp. and genetic differences of the dominant species Lacticaseibacillus paracasei in mother-infant pairs, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Beneficial bacteria in the gut affect human health, and it is generally believed that the assemblage of healthy gut flora is achieved through vertical transmission of by breastfeeding in early infancy. There is limited evidence for the difference in the composition of beneficial bacteria across different mother-infant cohorts and the presence of population-specific microbial taxa. [Objective] To investigate Lactobacillus spp. and the vertical transmission and genetic differences of the dominant species Lacticaseibacillus paracasei among mother-infant cohorts of different ethnic groups, providing a theoretical basis for developing personalized probiotic regimens. [Methods] Lactobacillus strains were isolated from 39 mother-infant pairs of three ethnic groups without mixed marriage in China and identified by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) and groEL sequences. The genetic differences of 83 strains of L. paracasei, a representative species, were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). [Results] The species and abundance of Lactobacillus varied among the mother-infant pairs of different ethnic groups. A total of 945 Lactobacillus strains were isolated, belonging to 15 species of 4 genera. L. rhamnosus (20.07%), L. paracasei (16.54%), and L. casei (11.90%) were dominant species in the Han ethnic group, while L. casei (13.55%), L. paracasei (12.69%), and Ligilactobacillus salivarius (11.47%) were dominant bacteria in Uighur ethnic group in Hotan. The dominant species in the Li ethnic group in Hainan were Limosilactobacillus oris (24.55%), L. paracasei (15.85%), and Lactobacillus gasseri (10.87%). The 83 strains of L. paracasei were classified into 11 phylogenetic groups by rep-PCR and 31 sequence types (STs) by MLST, demonstrating ethnic specificity. L. paracasei isolates from the same mother-infant pair had the same STs, and isolates from the mother-infant pairs of the same ethnic group had higher genetic similarity. [Conclusion] Lactobacillus species varied in the mother-infant pairs of different ethnic groups, and L. paracasei strains from the same origin displayed higher genetic similarity, which supported vertical transmission at strain level and ethnic specificity.

, correspAuthors=Yongqing NI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*NI Yongqing, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Huijuan GAO, Lixia YUAN, Xueling ZHANG, Yongqing NI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241783841027854361, articleId=1241783827497030321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=母婴群体乳杆菌组成及优势种副干酪乳酪杆菌的遗传差异性, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

肠道中的有益细菌影响人体健康,一般认为早期是通过母乳喂养构建了婴儿肠道菌群。目前对不同人群的母婴群体间有益细菌组成差异及是否具有族群特异性证据很少。【目的】探究不同民族母婴群体间乳杆菌的组成及占优势种——副干酪乳酪杆菌(Lacticaseibacillus paracasei)的垂直传递和遗传差异,为开发个性化的益生菌株提供理论基础。【方法】从我国3个不通婚的民族共39对健康母婴对分离乳杆菌,基于基因外重复回文序列PCR分型技术(repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR, rep-PCR)结合功能基因(groEL基因)序列鉴定菌株,对最常见种L. paracasei的83株菌采用多位点序列分型(multilocus sequence typing, MLST)进行种群遗传差异分析。【结果】三个民族母婴对乳杆菌种类组成和数量存在差异,共分离原乳杆菌属的菌株945株,根据最新修订的分类学隶属于4属1种。汉族母婴以黏膜黏液乳杆菌(Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, 20.07%)、L. paracasei (16.54%)和奶酪乳酪杆菌(Lacticaseibacillus casei, 11.90%)为优势种,和田维吾尔族母婴以L. casei (13.55%)、L. paracasei (12.69%)和唾液宿主关联乳杆菌(Ligilactobacillus salivarius, 11.47%)为优势种,海南黎族母婴以口腔黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus oris, 24.55%)、L. paracasei (15.85%)和加氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus gasseri, 10.87%)为优势种。83株L. paracasei划分为11个rep-PCR群,基于MLST等位基因谱也分为11群、31个序列型(sequence type, STs),不同民族菌株的ST存在特异性,同源重组事件很少;来自同一对母子的L. paracasei分离株有相同的STs,同一种族母婴群体的L. paracasei遗传相似性更高。【结论】不同民族母婴群体乳杆菌菌群组成存在明显差异,来源相同的L. paracasei菌株遗传相似性更高,支持菌株水平上的垂直传递和种族间的特异性。

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The serial number in parentheses is the login number of the corresponding sequence in GenBank login number. The name of the model strain used to identify species affiliation is indicated by superscript (T). Numbers on the branch points represented the level of bootstrap support from 1 000 replicates. The scale 0.05 indicates 5% in sequence divergence., figureFileSmall=MdFiaRGrHyVNivUjKRBBxA==, figureFileBig=/v4TVlx/jYhO/MkP6lMJzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902981335696209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于groEL基因序列的母婴对来源乳杆菌系统发育树, figureFileSmall=MdFiaRGrHyVNivUjKRBBxA==, figureFileBig=/v4TVlx/jYhO/MkP6lMJzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902981549605728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Distribution of culturable Lactobacillus species in maternal and infant samples of different nationalities. A: Uighur ethnic groups maternal feces. B: Li ethnic groups maternal feces. C: Han ethnic groups maternal feces. D: Uighur ethnic groups infant feces. E: Li ethnic groups infant feces. F: Han ethnic groups infant feces. H: Uighur ethnic groups breast milk. I: Li ethnic groups breast milk. J: Han ethnic groups breast milk., figureFileSmall=zfvXr8b402yU19orIIg8UA==, figureFileBig=sB2Ykgq3zEEKEFkyFlVcOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902981683823458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同民族母婴样本中可培养乳杆菌种类和数量分布图, figureFileSmall=zfvXr8b402yU19orIIg8UA==, figureFileBig=sB2Ykgq3zEEKEFkyFlVcOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902981855789932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=The Lactobacillus species shared by mother-infant pairs in different ethnic groups. A: The Lactobacillus species shared by mother-infant pairs in Hainan Li. B: The Lactobacillus species shared by mother-infant pairs in Wuwei Han. C: The Lactobacillus species shared by mother-infant pairs in Hetian Uighur. Cfar: Companilactobacillus farciminis; Lreu: Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Lcas: Lacticaseibacillus casei; Lpara: Lacticaseibacillus parasei; Lfer: Limosilactobacillus fermentum; Lplan: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; Lmuc: Limosilactobacillus mucosae; Lrha: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Lsal: Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Lgas: Lactobacillus gasseri; Lori: Limosilactobacillus oris; Lacid: Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lzea: Lactobacillus zeae; Lrum: Ligilactobacillus ruminis; Log.bif: Loigolactobacillus bifermentans., figureFileSmall=ErFYrvCJvp70yEAijaUh8g==, figureFileBig=bsvaIYTgbpDP1E/Nbwdxrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902981998396275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同民族母婴对共发生乳杆菌物种分布图, figureFileSmall=ErFYrvCJvp70yEAijaUh8g==, figureFileBig=bsvaIYTgbpDP1E/Nbwdxrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902982132614011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Fingerprint typing cluster analysis of 83 representative Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains based on BoxAIR and (GTG)5 primers., figureFileSmall=9Mvf+DM35F3mIR2IRMFRfQ==, figureFileBig=jIU1wb0PpnEIGP8rA2EOmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902982342329217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基于BoxAIR和(GTG)5引物对的83株副干酪乳酪杆菌代表性菌株指纹分型聚类分析, figureFileSmall=9Mvf+DM35F3mIR2IRMFRfQ==, figureFileBig=jIU1wb0PpnEIGP8rA2EOmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902982463964044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=ST of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains based on MLST and its association with isolating source population as shown in an UDPGMA dendrogram., figureFileSmall=XMfu7HGOzAbdjjhVHL7S1w==, figureFileBig=NjrcNBNdP5o/ECc2q3bMCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902982585598866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于MLST对副干酪乳酪杆菌菌株的ST划分与其来源人群的关联, figureFileSmall=XMfu7HGOzAbdjjhVHL7S1w==, figureFileBig=NjrcNBNdP5o/ECc2q3bMCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902982694650778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Population structure of 83 representative Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains based on eBURST software., figureFileSmall=TcVdU8zkElZsbIC6J55bXw==, figureFileBig=9RCNr1gGqeXEQeTNMvwMcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902982833062817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于eBURST软件的83株代表性副干酪乳酪杆菌的种群结构分析, figureFileSmall=TcVdU8zkElZsbIC6J55bXw==, figureFileBig=9RCNr1gGqeXEQeTNMvwMcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902982988252071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Phylogenetic analysis of seven genes in 83 Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains based on UPGM algorithm., figureFileSmall=bdRHTtTEdiqNMU4pMvv0tQ==, figureFileBig=AdszknfFVFj+knEIHNpKrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902983135052719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=CN, label=图7, caption=基于UPGM算法的83株副干酪菌株7个管家基因串联序列系统发育分析, figureFileSmall=bdRHTtTEdiqNMU4pMvv0tQ==, figureFileBig=AdszknfFVFj+knEIHNpKrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902983244104631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The characteristics and demographic data of the mothers and infants [1]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CharacteristicsCharacteristic value
Uighur ethnic groupLi ethnic groupHan ethnic group
*表示和汉族婴儿体重对比,差异性显著(P < 0.05)
* indicates significant statistically difference compared with Han infants’ weight (P < 0.05).
Sex of infants
  Male873
  Female975
Weight of infants (kg)7.27±0.07*7.29±0.57*7.41±0.03
Height of infants (cm)66±371±269±2
Mothers’ BMI
Normal (18.5−23.9)8103
Mild obesity (24.0−26.9)134
Obesity (27.0−29.9)711
Unknown100
Infants’ age (months)6−126−141−4
Mothers’ age
Fetus number1 fetus/2 fetus1 fetus/2 fetus1 fetus/2 fetus
Stage of lactationMature milkMature milkMature milk
), ArticleFig(id=1242902983382516670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

母亲和婴儿临床特征统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CharacteristicsCharacteristic value
Uighur ethnic groupLi ethnic groupHan ethnic group
*表示和汉族婴儿体重对比,差异性显著(P < 0.05)
* indicates significant statistically difference compared with Han infants’ weight (P < 0.05).
Sex of infants
  Male873
  Female975
Weight of infants (kg)7.27±0.07*7.29±0.57*7.41±0.03
Height of infants (cm)66±371±269±2
Mothers’ BMI
Normal (18.5−23.9)8103
Mild obesity (24.0−26.9)134
Obesity (27.0−29.9)711
Unknown100
Infants’ age (months)6−126−141−4
Mothers’ age
Fetus number1 fetus/2 fetus1 fetus/2 fetus1 fetus/2 fetus
Stage of lactationMature milkMature milkMature milk
), ArticleFig(id=1242902983525123016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The survey overview of main dietary habit of mothers and infants in the population during breastfeeding

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Ethnic groupsCharacteristic valueMain daily diet
Quantity (pairs)Weight (kg)Height (cm)
*: P < 0.05.
Li ethnic groupsMother14Staple food: rice porridge, papaya porridge, powder soup (seafood), occasionally pickles, porridge, fried meat with sour melon, sauerkraut, fish, snails, the occasional chicken and duck
Complementary food: coconut, mango and papaya
Infant7.29±0.57*71±2Feeding pattern: breastfeeding or milk powder
Uighur ethnic groupsMother17Staple food: milk tea, soy milk, milk, naan noodles, mutton and rice, beef, onion, soup and rice noodles
Complementary food: dried fruit, rose sauce and cheese
Infant7.27±0.07*66±3Feeding pattern: breastfeeding, milk powder, occasionally feeding liquid diet
Han ethnic groupsMother8Staple food: millet porridge, milk, fish soup, fish, chicken, mutton soup, pasta, pork, etc., vegetable porridge and chicken soup
Complementary food: dairy products, dried fruit and fruit
Infant7.41±0.0369±2Feeding pattern: breastfeeding, breastfeeding+milk powder
), ArticleFig(id=1242902983638369230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783827497030321, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

研究人群中母亲和婴儿主要特征和饮食习惯

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Ethnic groupsCharacteristic valueMain daily diet
Quantity (pairs)Weight (kg)Height (cm)
*: P < 0.05.
Li ethnic groupsMother14Staple food: rice porridge, papaya porridge, powder soup (seafood), occasionally pickles, porridge, fried meat with sour melon, sauerkraut, fish, snails, the occasional chicken and duck
Complementary food: coconut, mango and papaya
Infant7.29±0.57*71±2Feeding pattern: breastfeeding or milk powder
Uighur ethnic groupsMother17Staple food: milk tea, soy milk, milk, naan noodles, mutton and rice, beef, onion, soup and rice noodles
Complementary food: dried fruit, rose sauce and cheese
Infant7.27±0.07*66±3Feeding pattern: breastfeeding, milk powder, occasionally feeding liquid diet
Han ethnic groupsMother8Staple food: millet porridge, milk, fish soup, fish, chicken, mutton soup, pasta, pork, etc., vegetable porridge and chicken soup
Complementary food: dairy products, dried fruit and fruit
Infant7.41±0.0369±2Feeding pattern: breastfeeding, breastfeeding+milk powder
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母婴群体乳杆菌组成及优势种副干酪乳酪杆菌的遗传差异性
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高慧娟 1, 2, 3 , 袁丽霞 3 , 张雪玲 3 , 倪永清 3, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(9): 3295-3313
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(9): 3295-3313
母婴群体乳杆菌组成及优势种副干酪乳酪杆菌的遗传差异性
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高慧娟1, 2, 3, 袁丽霞3, 张雪玲3, 倪永清3, *
作者信息
  • 1 河西学院 生命科学与工程学院, 甘肃 张掖 734000
  • 2 甘肃省河西走廊特色资源利用重点实验室, 甘肃 张掖 734000
  • 3 石河子大学 食品学院, 新疆 石河子 832003
Community composition of Lactobacillus spp. and genetic differences of the dominant species Lacticaseibacillus paracasei in mother-infant pairs
Huijuan GAO1, 2, 3, Lixia YUAN3, Xueling ZHANG3, Yongqing NI3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China
  • 3 School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
出版时间: 2024-06-14 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240112
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肠道中的有益细菌影响人体健康,一般认为早期是通过母乳喂养构建了婴儿肠道菌群。目前对不同人群的母婴群体间有益细菌组成差异及是否具有族群特异性证据很少。【目的】探究不同民族母婴群体间乳杆菌的组成及占优势种——副干酪乳酪杆菌(Lacticaseibacillus paracasei)的垂直传递和遗传差异,为开发个性化的益生菌株提供理论基础。【方法】从我国3个不通婚的民族共39对健康母婴对分离乳杆菌,基于基因外重复回文序列PCR分型技术(repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR, rep-PCR)结合功能基因(groEL基因)序列鉴定菌株,对最常见种L. paracasei的83株菌采用多位点序列分型(multilocus sequence typing, MLST)进行种群遗传差异分析。【结果】三个民族母婴对乳杆菌种类组成和数量存在差异,共分离原乳杆菌属的菌株945株,根据最新修订的分类学隶属于4属1种。汉族母婴以黏膜黏液乳杆菌(Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, 20.07%)、L. paracasei (16.54%)和奶酪乳酪杆菌(Lacticaseibacillus casei, 11.90%)为优势种,和田维吾尔族母婴以L. casei (13.55%)、L. paracasei (12.69%)和唾液宿主关联乳杆菌(Ligilactobacillus salivarius, 11.47%)为优势种,海南黎族母婴以口腔黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus oris, 24.55%)、L. paracasei (15.85%)和加氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus gasseri, 10.87%)为优势种。83株L. paracasei划分为11个rep-PCR群,基于MLST等位基因谱也分为11群、31个序列型(sequence type, STs),不同民族菌株的ST存在特异性,同源重组事件很少;来自同一对母子的L. paracasei分离株有相同的STs,同一种族母婴群体的L. paracasei遗传相似性更高。【结论】不同民族母婴群体乳杆菌菌群组成存在明显差异,来源相同的L. paracasei菌株遗传相似性更高,支持菌株水平上的垂直传递和种族间的特异性。

副干酪乳酪杆菌  /  多位点序列分型  /  遗传多样性  /  指纹图谱

Beneficial bacteria in the gut affect human health, and it is generally believed that the assemblage of healthy gut flora is achieved through vertical transmission of by breastfeeding in early infancy. There is limited evidence for the difference in the composition of beneficial bacteria across different mother-infant cohorts and the presence of population-specific microbial taxa. [Objective] To investigate Lactobacillus spp. and the vertical transmission and genetic differences of the dominant species Lacticaseibacillus paracasei among mother-infant cohorts of different ethnic groups, providing a theoretical basis for developing personalized probiotic regimens. [Methods] Lactobacillus strains were isolated from 39 mother-infant pairs of three ethnic groups without mixed marriage in China and identified by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) and groEL sequences. The genetic differences of 83 strains of L. paracasei, a representative species, were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). [Results] The species and abundance of Lactobacillus varied among the mother-infant pairs of different ethnic groups. A total of 945 Lactobacillus strains were isolated, belonging to 15 species of 4 genera. L. rhamnosus (20.07%), L. paracasei (16.54%), and L. casei (11.90%) were dominant species in the Han ethnic group, while L. casei (13.55%), L. paracasei (12.69%), and Ligilactobacillus salivarius (11.47%) were dominant bacteria in Uighur ethnic group in Hotan. The dominant species in the Li ethnic group in Hainan were Limosilactobacillus oris (24.55%), L. paracasei (15.85%), and Lactobacillus gasseri (10.87%). The 83 strains of L. paracasei were classified into 11 phylogenetic groups by rep-PCR and 31 sequence types (STs) by MLST, demonstrating ethnic specificity. L. paracasei isolates from the same mother-infant pair had the same STs, and isolates from the mother-infant pairs of the same ethnic group had higher genetic similarity. [Conclusion] Lactobacillus species varied in the mother-infant pairs of different ethnic groups, and L. paracasei strains from the same origin displayed higher genetic similarity, which supported vertical transmission at strain level and ethnic specificity.

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei  /  multilocus sequence typing  /  genetic diversity  /  fingerprint
高慧娟, 袁丽霞, 张雪玲, 倪永清. 母婴群体乳杆菌组成及优势种副干酪乳酪杆菌的遗传差异性. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (9) : 3295 -3313 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240112
Huijuan GAO, Lixia YUAN, Xueling ZHANG, Yongqing NI. Community composition of Lactobacillus spp. and genetic differences of the dominant species Lacticaseibacillus paracasei in mother-infant pairs[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (9) : 3295 -3313 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240112
人体的肠道中分布着大量的共栖细菌,通过影响宿主的生理、免疫成熟[1]、神经发育过程[2],进而影响人类的健康[3]。婴儿早期是肠道菌群建立的关键阶段,尤其是一些关键种群的定殖对人体终生的健康至关重要[4]。目前认为婴儿肠道中最关键的菌群主要来自母亲。婴儿出生后,产道暴露、母乳喂养是母亲共栖细菌传递到婴儿肠道的主要途径[5],通过母乳喂养构建了婴儿健全的肠道菌群[6]。文献报道,婴儿早期阶段,肠道中最早成功的定殖者是双歧杆菌[7],但是研究发现乳杆菌也是母乳中常见的共栖细菌[8],作为人类最早认识的益生菌,母乳中的乳杆菌应该受到更广泛的研究。
研究发现,母亲和婴儿亲密关系是通过母亲肠道-母乳-婴儿肠道3个生态位之间共栖微生物的传递来维持的[9-11]。文献报道,母乳中的双歧杆菌,尤其是长双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌被证明是通过母乳途径垂直传递到婴儿肠道[12-15]。然而,肠道中以乳杆菌、拟杆菌、嗜黏蛋白-阿克曼氏菌(Akkermansia muciniphila, AKK)为代表的更多的共栖菌是否遵循母乳途径的垂直传递,目前文献报道很少。
乳杆菌是人类肠道共栖菌的典型代表,对人体同样发挥生理、免疫调控、延缓衰老等各种益生功能。来自各种植物基食品中的原生乳杆菌菌株被广泛开发应用于发酵食品,生产功能性产品。事实上,各种乳杆菌有不同的生活史,根据生态位分布的宽度可区分为自由生活型、游牧生活型和宿主关联型[16]。在实践中,成人由于共享各种发酵食品、植物基食品,使得食品中的自由生活型、游牧生活型乳杆菌,例如植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)、L. rhamnosusL. casei等,在人群中扩散,进而在肠道定殖,为人体宿主提供益处。因此成人肠道中的乳杆菌种群的来源可能包括先天母乳的垂直传递和后天食品共享的横向传递。然而在婴幼儿阶段,单一的母乳喂养或者不含活菌饭食的混合喂养条件下,婴儿肠道中的乳杆菌只有母乳来源途径[17-18]。目前我们对婴儿阶段乳杆菌的垂直传递了解很少。
本研究中,从新疆和田维吾尔族、海南昌江黎族和甘肃武威的汉族共39对健康母婴中分离乳杆菌,通过热激蛋白groEL功能基因更有效地鉴定乳杆菌[19-20],比较不同民族母婴对队列间乳杆菌种群组成的差异,揭示母婴肠道内的乳杆菌种群发生和传递是否严格遵循垂直传播。此外,考虑到共栖细菌与宿主之间存在紧密的协同进化关系,以及细菌对宿主饮食来源碳水化合物代谢的依赖性形成的适应性,可能造成乳杆菌种群的人群特异性,采用多位点序列分型(multilocus sequence typing, MLST)技术,研究了分离株中优势种群副干酪乳酪杆菌(Lacticaseibacillus paracasei)的遗传差异,以期提供乳杆菌从母亲到婴儿垂直传递的证据,从母婴共享的角度,为开发针对局地个性化人群开发功能性食品、微生态益生菌菌株提供理论依据。
在中国新疆和田地区、海南昌江黎族自治县和甘肃武威市共招募了39对母婴,所有参加者均身体健康,粪便采集前近一个月内无胃肠道疾病,母亲在分娩前6个月未服用抗生素或影响肠道微生物的药物,无益生菌摄入,母婴采集样本信息见表1。婴儿主要喂养方式为母乳、母乳和奶粉混喂的方式;每个研究对象收集新鲜的母婴粪便约10−15 g,粪便自采集后立即放入已灭菌的取样管。母乳采样时用蘸有无菌水的无菌棉签清洁乳头和乳晕,弃去前几滴乳液,然后利用无菌手套手动收集3−5 mL母乳,将收集到的母乳装入无菌采样管中。采集样品贴标签后置于车载冰箱−20 ℃冷藏,尽快运回实验室进行菌种分离。
改良MRS培养基(g/L):蛋白胨10.0,牛肉膏10.0,酵母浸粉5.0,柠檬酸二铵2.0,乙酸钠5.0,葡萄糖20.0,K2HPO4 2.0;MgSO4·7H2O 0.58,MnSO4·4H2O 0.25,l-半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.5,吐温-80 1 mL/L。
含万古霉素和溴甲酚绿的乳酸杆菌厌氧培养基(Lactobacillus anaerobic MRS with vancomycin and bromocresol green, LAMVAB) (g/L):蛋白胨10.0,牛肉膏8.0,酵母浸粉4.0,柠檬酸二铵2.0,乙酸钠5.0,葡萄糖20.0,K2HPO4 2.0,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2,MnSO4·4H2O 0.05,溴甲酚绿0.05,盐酸万古霉素20,l-半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.5,吐温-80 1 mL/L。
Taq Plus Master Mix,南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;万古霉素、l-半胱氨酸盐酸盐、溴甲酚绿,天津鹏程生物科技有限公司。
厌氧培养箱,DS公司;垂直流超净工作台,上海智城分析仪器制造有限公司;高速冷冻离心机,Eppendorf公司;PCR仪,Techne公司;水平电泳仪、Gel DOC XR凝胶成像系统,Bio-Rad公司;细胞破碎仪,天津欧诺仪器股份有限公司;酶标仪,Biotek公司。
取1 g解冻粪便用无菌生理盐水稀释至10−3、10−4和10−5,解冻母乳原液稀释至10−1,分别取100 μL涂布于含有万古霉素的MRS、LAMVAB琼脂培养基上,置于37 ℃厌氧箱中培养48 h,每个样品3个重复。使用相差显微镜对单菌落进行镜检,将长杆状、链杆状和短杆状菌株转接划线培养3次,挑选纯化后的单菌落于含有万古霉素的MRS、LAMVAB液体培养基中厌氧培养,通过革兰氏染色和接触酶实验初步筛选疑似乳杆菌[21]
菌株基因DNA的提取采用CTAB方法。rep-PCR指纹分型去重筛选,引物使用BoxAIR (5′-CTACGGCAAGGCGACGCTGACG-3′)和(GTG)5 (5′-GTGGTGGTGGTGGTG-3′)[22]。PCR反应体系(25 μL):2×PCR Premix Taq 12.5 µL,上、下游引物(20 µmol/L)各1 µL,DNA模板2 µL,ddH2O 8.5 µL。PCR反应条件:94 ℃预变性3 min;94 ℃变性30 s,52 ℃退火30 s [(GTG)5为51 ℃],65 ℃延伸2 min [(GTG)5为72 ℃ 4 min],35个循环;72 ℃终延伸5 min。扩增产物在1.2%的琼脂糖凝胶上电泳,用紫外凝胶成像仪拍照并记录结果。指纹图谱使用GelCompar II v6.0软件进行带型比较。
从每组相同相近带谱中选择1−2代菌株,采用副干酪乳酪杆菌特异的groEL基因进行测序,引物为Lac-groEL-F (5′-GCYGGTGCWAACCCN GTTGG-3′)和Lac-groEL-R (5′-AANGTNCCVCG VATCTTGTT-3′)[23]。经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后得到大约500 bp的清晰单一条带。扩增产物送至苏州金唯智生物科技有限公司进行测序,测序结果提交到GenBank数据库,利用BLAST进行序列同源性分析,比对相似值大于97%初步确定菌种的物种。利用MEGA 6.0软件的p-distance和Kimura-2参数distance构建系统发育树,并进行1 000次bootstrap测试[24]
参考Diancourt等[25]的方法,对副干酪乳酪杆菌进行MLST分析,选取pyrG (CTP合成酶)、fusA (蛋白质延伸因子f-2)、ileS (isoleucyl-tRNA合成酶)、lepA (GTP-binding蛋白质LepA)、recG (ATP-dependent DNA helicase)、recA (recombinase A)、rlpB (50S ribosomal protein L2)共7个持家基因进行MLST分析。将L. paracasei提取的基因组DNA稀释到100 ng/μL进行PCR扩增,反应条件:94 ℃预变性5 min;94 ℃变性30 s,50−55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,30个循环;72 ℃终延伸5 min。扩增后获得的7个管家基因的PCR产物送到苏州金唯智生物科技有限公司进行测序。
系统发育树的构建采用MEGA 7.0软件,采用GelCompar II v6.0软件对所得凝胶图像进行分析。多位点序列分型得到的序列文件采用Chromas 2.4.1软件编辑后使用ClustalW计算,在MEGA 6.0软件中对齐进行系统发育分析。将各个管家基因测序后获得的序列导入BIONUMERICS v8.0 (Applied-Maths, Sint Maartens-Latem, Belgium)软件识别每个菌株的管家基因的等位基因号,根据每株菌株的7个管家基因的等位基因号确定相对应的ST型,基于该软件中Prim’s算法构建最小生成树(minimum spanning tree, MSTree),确定各菌株间及菌株与分离源之间的进化关系。菌株的母婴间共发生分析采用软件Cytoscape 3.9.0绘制[26]
本研究纳入的39对母子,其中17对来自新疆和田维吾尔族,14对来自海南昌江的黎族,武威汉族有8对,对各民族的饮食进行调查,对婴儿的体重、身高和饮食情况进行统计(表2)。发现和田地区维吾尔族人的饮食以动物性食品、干果和奶制品为主,而海南昌江的黎族人则喜欢富含水果和海鲜的饮食,相比于这2个民族而言,甘肃威武的汉族人饮食较为复杂,无民族特定的饮食习惯。婴儿主要喂养方式为母乳、母乳和奶粉混喂的方式;不同民族和地域的母亲在哺乳期的饮食习惯不太相同。鉴于肠道乳酸菌对母婴饮食中复合多糖或宿主来源多糖的代谢存在显著差异,不同民族母婴的饮食习惯的差异可能会造成母婴肠道和母乳中的乳酸菌种类的不同。
对不同来源39对母婴粪便和母乳样本,用2种选择性培养基培养、平板计数显示,母乳中细菌数量较低(0−1.8×103 CFU/mL),而粪便在改良MRS培养基中检测到菌落数约4.3×103− 9.5×106 CFU/mL,在LAMVAB选择性培养基中检测到菌落数为9.50×102−1.04×106 CFU/mL。根据形态、生理生化指标分析,确定为乳酸菌的疑似株为1 350株。经groEL基因测序、NCBI相似性对比,共确认945株乳杆菌,其中维吾尔族人群中有356株,汉族人群中有315株,海南黎族人群中有274株。
基于groEL基因对3个民族母婴样本共69株代表性菌株构建系统发育树(图1)。根据乳杆菌最新的分类学修订[27],所有菌株隶属于4个属15个相近种。发育树显示了13个已知种、2个未鉴定种的菌株,分别对应13个组(group),第9组、10组菌株未鉴定到种,分别与已知种黏膜黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus mucosae)、发酵黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus fermentum)亲缘关系较近,需要进一步确认分类地位。
不同民族母婴队列中乳杆菌的种类和比例不同(图2),和田维吾尔族母婴中菌株的多样性较高,共有16种乳杆菌,主要为奶酪乳酪杆菌(L. casei, 13.55%)、L. paracasei (12.69%)、唾液宿主关联乳杆菌(Ligilactobacillus salivarius, 11.47%)、香肠伴生乳杆菌(Companilactobacillus farciminis, 10.49%)和发酵黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus fermentum, 9.55%)。海南黎族母婴中分离到11种乳杆菌,以口黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus oris, 24.55%)、L. paracasei (15.85%)、加氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus gasseri, 10.87%),植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, 9.77%)和L. casei (8.08%)为优势种。甘肃武威汉族母婴中共检出8种乳杆菌,主要有L. rhamnosus (20.07%)、L. paracasei (16.54%)、L. casei (11.90%)和黏膜黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus mucosae, 10.59%)。Companilactobacillus farciminis、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)、Limosilactobacillus fermentumLigilactobacillus salivarius只在维吾尔族母婴对样品中分离到,而且在母乳、母亲粪便和婴儿粪便中菌株数量显著不同(图2),而罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus reuteri)只在维吾尔族婴儿肠道中分离到。在3个民族的大部分样本中都有分离到L. caseiLactiplantibacillus plantarum,分别占总数的比例不同(维吾尔族中有6.03%,黎族中有13.98%,汉族中有13.64%),仅在武威汉族的母乳和婴儿肠道中未检测到;相比之下,L. paracasei是分离频率最高的种,在3个民族的母乳、母亲粪便和婴儿肠道三类样品分离菌株中所占比例也不同(维吾尔族中有7.76%,黎族中有20.43%,汉族中有22.73%)。总体上,母亲粪便分别以L. paracasei (维吾尔族中有10.58%,黎族中有13.29%,汉族中有17.91%)和L. casei (维吾尔族中有6.03%,黎族中有13.98%,汉族中有13.43%)为优势种;婴儿肠道以L. rhamnosus (维吾尔族中有9.29%,黎族中有10.14%,汉族中有22.03%)、L. casei (维吾尔族中有6.03%,黎族中有13.98%,汉族中有13.64%)和L. paracasei (维吾尔族中有14.29%,黎族中有13.53%,汉族中有12.43%)为优势种。母乳中分离到的乳杆菌数量很少,有25.0%的样品中未分离到菌株。
由于母乳中分离到菌株相对困难,对母婴队列的3个生态位(母亲粪便-母乳-婴儿粪便)同时分离到的乳杆菌做了统计(图3)。在黎族母婴间3个生态位共有的乳杆菌为黏膜粘液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus mucosae, 1对),而汉族为L. paracasei (2对)、Limosilactobacillus mucosae (1对)和L. rhamnosus (2对),维吾尔族为L. casei (1对)、L. paracasei (1对)和Ligilactobacillus salivarius (2对);在母乳和婴儿粪便这2个生态位同时分离到的乳杆菌,黎族为Limosilactobacillus mucosae (1对),汉族为L. paracasei (1对)、Limosilactobacillus mucosae (1对),维吾尔族为L. paracasei (2对)、Ligilactobacillus salivarius (1对)和Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (1对);在维吾尔族和黎族母亲和婴儿粪便中同时分离到的种包括L. casei (3对)、L. paracasei (16对)、Ligilactobacillus salivarius (3对)、Lactobacillus gasseri (3对)和Limosilactobacillus oris (2对),而汉族中则仅有L. paracasei (1对)、L. mucosa (1对)。L. paracasei是所有3个生态位中出现频率最高的种,因此本研究对3个民族的母婴中共83株L. paracasei进行多基因测序,提供了母婴间存在菌株垂直传递的证据。
从BoxAIR-PCR和(GTG)5-PCR指纹聚类图(图4)中可以看出,3个族群母婴来源的83株L. paracasei扩增产物的大小在300−5 000 bp之间,分别包括3−8个和1−10个明显的亮带,并有一些弱带,大多数产物的条带数大于5条以上,指纹图谱带型较丰富,能够反映菌株在种水平上的遗传差异。研究发现,3个族群母婴来源的L. paracasei在指纹分型上共划分为11个group,表明L. paracasei的指纹图谱带型具有较高的遗传差异性。在group Ⅱ、group Ⅶ、group Ⅹ中的菌株均来自和田维吾尔族,group Ⅵ中的菌株均来自武威的汉族;其他group是混合族群来源的菌株,来自不同民族的菌株的指纹图谱带型不同,同一民族来源的菌株更有可能聚集为同一类群,聚集在一起的菌株指纹聚类体现出一定的族群特异性。指纹聚类图显示,在母婴对中存在菌株共发生的情况,如group IV中的W40,group V中的N9,group Ⅶ中的T10,group Ⅸ中的N45、N27和group Ⅺ中的N27母婴对中的菌株,指纹图谱一致。
使用BIONUMERIC v7.6软件对不同来源的L. paracasei的7个持家基因进行分型。从图5中可以看出3个民族不同菌株通过序列型聚类分析共划分为11个群(cluster),34个ST型,表明L. paracasei在3个民族中有较高多样性。其中维吾尔族共聚类为5个群,分别是cluster A、cluster C、cluster F、cluster H、cluster J;黎族共分为cluster A、cluster B、cluster D和cluster I和这4个群;汉族有5个,分别为cluster C、cluster E、cluster G、cluster I和cluster G。来自不同民族母婴对的菌株划分为多个ST序列,黎族人群的31个菌株有7个STs,汉族的19株菌有7个STs,而33株维吾尔族人群的菌株有20个STs。来自不同民族的菌株序列型不同,尽管个别菌株也会出现在其他民族的分群中,但相同的民族来源的菌株遗传结构更相似,具有明显的人群族群特异性。
ST-4有9株菌,均来自和田的维吾尔族,ST-10有7株菌,来自维吾尔族和汉族,ST-6、ST-24和ST-30分别有5、4和3株菌,均来自武威的汉族;ST-3、ST-14和ST-15均有2株菌,分别来自黎族和维吾尔族,其余的ST型隶属于单一序列型(只有1株菌)。此外,来自同一母婴对的菌株都会出现在同一个ST中,例如来自母婴对27D-X、9D-X、28D-X、28R-X、25D-X菌株分别在ST-1、ST-2、ST-10、ST-12和ST-24中,其序列型完全一致,很可能显示了母婴之间L. paracasei的垂直传递(由于母乳中分离菌株的难度,部分母婴对未分离出相同的菌株)。值得注意的是,来自同一母婴对的L. paracasei菌株也存在隶属于多个序列型的情况,例如母婴对9X (ST-3, ST-2)、17X (ST-5, ST-6)和6X (ST-10, ST-13)中存在多个STs,可能存在食品来源的菌株,这需要进一步研究。
通过eBURST分析,进一步将具有相似等位基因谱的更密切相关的菌株定义为相同的克隆复合物(clone complexes, CCs),即在一组被调查的菌株中包含至少2个或更多个STs。图6显示,共83株代表性菌株划分为5个CCs和8个singletons。菌株同样体现出一定的民族来源聚集性,黎族包含CC3、CC4、CC5这3个单独的克隆复合体,维吾尔族主要为CC1和CC2。同一个民族同一个母婴对(28D-X、23R-X、17R-X、45D-X和9D-X)的菌株或者来自同一个个体的不同菌株属于同一个CC。值得注意的是,汉族与维吾尔族来源的菌株具有共享ST的情况,如ST-6、ST-10和ST-24。然而,在黎族和汉族之间以及维吾尔族和黎族并未出现共享ST的情况。
为了进一步阐明不同L. paracasei菌株间的进化关系,基于7个管家基因的串联序列对83株L. paracasei分离株构建了系统发育树(图7)。3种颜色分别代表不同菌株的民族来源,虽然并非是所有菌株与民族来源一致,但来自同一个民族的大多数菌株在系统发育树中亲缘关系更相近,基本隶属于同一进化分支(clade)。一些菌株与另一个民族来源的菌株组成了同一进化分支,例如在维吾尔族来源的分支中存在黎族来源的分离株(菌株N45D3、N45X6),同样地,在黎族的分支中也存在维吾尔族来源的菌株(菌株T25Xa4、T23X3)。此外,黎族来源的菌株总体上隶属于2个不同的进化分支,维吾尔族来源菌株中,有6个菌株与大群亲缘关系较远。总体上,相同分离源的大多数菌株亲缘关系更近,独立成群趋势明显。
本研究选择的3个民族人群在地域上相距较远,空间存在隔离,生存环境存在很大差异。近年来研究表明,宿主遗传背景、生活环境,尤其是民族特异性饮食习惯差异可能是导致肠道微生物物种组成和菌群差别的主要因素[28-29]。长期且相对固定的饮食模式下,母亲摄入食物类型的不同,也会使肠道暴露在不同复杂多糖环境中,不仅影响整个肠道菌群组成,也会造成肠道菌群中乳杆菌的组成差异和优势菌的不同[30]。同时在菌株水平上施加选择性作用驱动一些乳杆菌种内特异的遗传分化。来自动物和人类的研究显示,怀孕或者哺乳期间母亲饮食会显著影响新生儿肠道微生物群,因此通过饮食或口服益生菌,调节母亲肠道微生物,为生命早期调节婴儿肠道微生物提供了一个潜在的机会。特征地域性的益生菌菌株更适应局域人口的肠道环境和饮食,因此,乳杆菌种内分化的人群特异性的证实,将为开发针对局部人群的个性化益生菌提供了证据[31]
本研究采用groEL基因对3个民族母婴来源乳杆菌进行分离鉴定,基于原乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)最新的分类学修订,统计显示维吾尔族母婴可培养乳杆菌共有7个属,15个种;黎族共5个属,10个种;汉族共4个属,11个种。3个民族母婴不同样本中的可培养乳杆菌在组成上存在明显差异,粪便中乳杆菌以L. paracaseiLactiplantibacillus plantarumLigilactobacillus salivariusL. rhamnosus为主要的菌株,这一结果与Murphy等研究结果一致[32-34]。在母乳样品中分离频率最高的是Lactobacillus gasseriL.paracaseiLactiplantibacillus plantarumLimosilactobaillus orisLimosilactobacillus fermentum,与Kirtzalidou等研究结果相似,这些乳杆菌种可能是人类肠道持久定殖者[35]。然而,我们的研究结果与Mehanna等[36]对埃及人群母乳中的研究结果不同,他们的结果优势种是L. rhamnosus。此外发现在黎族母婴间3个生态位共有的乳杆菌为L. caseiL. paracaseiLactiplantibacillus plantarum,维吾尔族为L. caseiL. paracaseiLactiplantibacillus plantarumLimosilactobacillus fermentumLigilactobacillus salivarius,而汉族为L. paracaseiLimosilactobacillus mucosaeL. rhamnosus,3个不同民族之间存在母婴间乳杆菌的共发生不一致,这可能确实显示了民族间菌群的差异,也可能是样品取样的随机性造成的,需要通过免培养法进一步确认。特别是3个民族的母亲-母乳-婴儿3个生态位中,均分离到L. paracasei菌株,尽管这一菌株在母乳中分离到的菌株明显少于粪便样品,但整体数量上是优势种。
微生物与宿主形成密切的联系,尤其是脊椎动物与微生物之间长期的共生关系是近年来探究的热点。揭示宿主肠道共栖菌群与宿主的协同进化是其中一个关注的问题。从生态角度看,乳杆菌属于人体兼性共生微生物,不同的种系具有一定程度的生态位保守性和不同的生活史,包括自由生活型、宿主适应型和游牧生活型[16]。然而,研究表明乳杆菌的宿主适应型谱系是从自由生活的祖先进化而来,逐渐由自由生活向宿主依赖和社会宿主特异性转变[5]。Frese和Oh等对不同宿主来源的肠道罗伊特氏黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus reuteri)的研究结果表明,Limosilactobacillus reuteri是高等哺乳动物肠道共栖微生物与宿主共进化及宿主特异性的典范,不同宿主来源的菌株几乎严格对应特定宿主的系统发育,形成了宿主特异的谱系进化分支[37-38]。就人体肠道中具体某个乳杆菌种系来说,发生可能有多个来源。游牧型生活史的乳杆菌,例如Lactiplantibacillus plantarumL. rhamnosusL. casei有可能通过母亲垂直传递到婴儿肠道,也有可能通过饮食共享从食品中获得。L. paracasei也是游牧型生活史的代表种,在各种传统的手工发酵食品中广泛存在。在本研究中,基于rep-PCR聚类分析(图4)和MLST的系统发育分析结果(图5),不同民族来源的分离株具有明显的民族聚集性。虽然并非所有菌株的遗传分型结果完全与其民族来源分群一致,有个别菌株出现在另一个民族菌株的进化分支中(如图6中维吾尔族分支中存在黎族来源的分离株N45D3和N45X6),但绝大多数菌株与母婴群体民族来源相一致,很大程度上显示了宿主特异性,表现为特异的进化分支,这很可能是由于菌株在不同生活方式人群中的长期共存,饮食中碳水化合物选择的结果。某个进化分支的菌株来自2个以上的民族,可以通过采样时这些菌株在人群肠道栖息时间有限,未经过足够的选择进化来解释;或者两个民族共有相同的菌株,很可能是由于共享了商业化的发酵食品,这需要不同时间段取样,分离更多菌株的测序数据来确证。事实上,目前多个研究的确发现,乳杆菌在宿主连续的传代过程中,宿主饮食的确会导致乳杆菌菌株基因组的变异,形成特异的进化趋势[34]。同时也发现,在人体宿主生命期限内,肠道细菌的确会发生群体遗传分化,形成多个菌株。
此外,在本研究中,尽管观察到有些母婴对分离的L. paracasei属于2个不同的序列型(ST),但由于只有一个等位基因的差异,这些分离株仍然被认为属于同一个亲缘关系非常相近的克隆,这意味着相同菌株通过母乳喂养从母亲的肠道垂直转移到婴儿的肠道。同一母婴对之间(27D-X、9D-X、28D-X、28R-X和25D-Xa)的确分别存在同一序列型菌株(ST-1、ST-2、ST-10、ST-12和ST-24),这在菌株水平上证实了乳杆菌在母婴间的垂直传递。一项关于乳杆菌在日本母婴间的垂直传递的研究证明,在婴儿1个月的时候发现存在与母亲同样的L. paracasei[39],我们的研究进一步肯定了这一结果。
截至目前,人们对共生微生物与人类关系的研究主要集中在病原微生物方面,对于有益细菌与人类的共生关系研究较少。就乳杆菌的资源利用来说,游牧型乳杆菌,如植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、奶酪乳酪杆菌在生产实践中被广泛应用,相当一部分开发的菌株来源于区域性的地方发酵食品。然而,一些著名的商业化菌株,例如Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG、Lactobacillus casei Shirota、Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-1、Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v和WCFS1均分离自人体。理论上讲,相比于外源的菌株,长期适应宿主的内源性特定菌株应该对宿主更有益[40]。因此,有必要对各种乳杆菌的生活史和进化关系进行广泛研究,确定食品来源的乳杆菌是否或者多大程度上能够快速适应肠道环境并可能在人体肠道中持续定殖,产生宿主特异性和宿主特异的益生特性[41]。为有效地开发益生菌提供个性化、地缘人群特异的菌株来源提供理论依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金-新疆联合基金重点项目(U1903205)
  • 石河子市财政科技项目(2020PT01)
  • 新疆生产建设兵团科技创新团队(2020CB007)
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2024年第64卷第9期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240112
  • 接收时间:2024-02-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-06-14
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-23
  • 录用日期:2024-06-03
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China-Xinjiang Joint Fund Key Project(U1903205)
国家自然科学基金-新疆联合基金重点项目(U1903205)
Shihezi Financial Science and Technology Project(2020PT01)
石河子市财政科技项目(2020PT01)
Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Innovation Team Construction Project(2020CB007)
新疆生产建设兵团科技创新团队(2020CB007)
作者信息
    1 河西学院 生命科学与工程学院, 甘肃 张掖 734000
    2 甘肃省河西走廊特色资源利用重点实验室, 甘肃 张掖 734000
    3 石河子大学 食品学院, 新疆 石河子 832003

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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