Article(id=1241783826842714786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241783822560334490, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240116, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1708876800000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1715011200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-05-07, onlineDate=1773993935546, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1715529600000, pubDateStr=2024-05-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773993935546, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773993935546, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773993935546, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241783822560334490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='9', pageStart='3091', pageEnd='3558', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773993934526, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773994132256, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241784651996528679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241783822560334490, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241784651996528680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241783822560334490, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3314, endPage=3329, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241783829178942132, articleId=1241783826842714786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Efficient expression of the Aspergillus niger acidic protease PrA in Pichia pastoris, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To obtain a yeast strain efficiently producing the acidic protease PrA for applications in food processing, feed additives, and other related industries. [Methods] We constructed a recombinant strain of Pichia pastoris expressing PrA by fermentation in shake flasks and measured the enzymatic properties of the expressed PrA. Several strategies, such as signal peptide modification, gene dosage optimization, and co-expression with molecular chaperones, were employed to enhance the production of PrA. Additionally, high-density fermentation was employed to further improve the expression level. [Results] The expressed enzyme PrA showcased the specific activity of 3 974.00 U/mg, with the optimum performance at pH 3.0 and 45 ℃. The production of PrA by the parental strain was 738.03 U/mL. The modification of the MF4I signal peptide increased the production of PrA to 1 206.52 U/mL. Moreover, an increase in the copy number of prA further increased the PrA production to 2 406.47 U/mL. Additionally, co-expression with single or combined molecular chaperones increased the PrA production to 4 091.27 U/mL. After undergoing high-density fermentation, the enzyme activity reached 43 088.00 U/mL within 168 h, representing a 58.4-fold increase compared with the initial production. [Conclusion] High-level expression of PrA was achieved in P. pastoris, which laid a foundation for the future industrial applications. The results provide valuable insights into the research and development of PrA for applications in food processing and feed additives.

, correspAuthors=Fei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*WANG Fei, E-mail:
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【目的】本研究致力于获得酸性蛋白酶PrA的高产酵母菌株,以便在食品加工、饲料添加剂等领域进行应用。【方法】构建毕赤酵母表达菌株,在摇瓶水平重组表达PrA并检测其酶学性质。通过信号肽改造、基因剂量优化、共表达分子伴侣等措施逐步提高PrA产量,并利用高密度发酵进一步提高表达水平。【结果】PrA的比酶活为3 974.00 U/mg,最适反应pH为3.0,最适反应温度为45 ℃。初始菌株的PrA产量达到738.03 U/mL。通过使用MF4I信号肽将PrA产量提高至1 206.52 U/mL,增加PrA基因拷贝数导致产量提高至2 406.47 U/mL。进一步共表达分子伴侣或分子伴侣组合将PrA产量提高至4 091.27 U/mL。经过高密度发酵,发酵168 h酶活达到43 088.00 U/mL,与初始产量相比提高58.4倍。【结论】在毕赤酵母中成功实现了酸性蛋白酶PrA的高效表达,为其未来的工业化应用奠定了基础。这些结果为进一步研究和开发该酶在食品加工和饲料添加剂领域的应用提供了重要参考。

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High-density fermentation technology of thermophilic xylanase in recombinant yeast and biological characteristics of thermophilic xylanase[D]. 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Lane M: Protein marker; Lane 1: 1-α-PrA; Lane 2: Deglycosylated 1-α-PrA; Lane 3: Deglycosylated and purified 1-α-PrA; Lane 4: Negative control., figureFileSmall=xs0jTnn0ezd8WgqYEsZS3g==, figureFileBig=iw3NigbxJ17RP8VH2iPWYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902987178357622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=CN, label=图1, caption=菌株1-α-PrA发酵液上清的SDS-PAGE分析, figureFileSmall=xs0jTnn0ezd8WgqYEsZS3g==, figureFileBig=iw3NigbxJ17RP8VH2iPWYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902987367101311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Tyrosine standard curve., figureFileSmall=iX+jFCg5u9GpADHrIKV/lA==, figureFileBig=0I/UnXnrJF416yX14lsTFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902987480347525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=CN, label=图2, caption=酪氨酸标准曲线, figureFileSmall=iX+jFCg5u9GpADHrIKV/lA==, figureFileBig=0I/UnXnrJF416yX14lsTFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902987581010826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Enzymatic properties of PrA. A: Optimum temperature. B: Temperature stability. C: Optimum pH. D: Effect of metal ions. CK: Enzyme activity without addtional metal ions., figureFileSmall=+9Acvzu6oB2934+bU93R5w==, figureFileBig=08mFnniKK/gnIzoOqttX8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902987727811470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=CN, label=图3, caption=酸性蛋白酶的酶学性质, figureFileSmall=+9Acvzu6oB2934+bU93R5w==, figureFileBig=08mFnniKK/gnIzoOqttX8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902987841057683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Impact of signal peptide optimization on PrA production. A: SDS-PAGE analysis. All samples have undergone deglycosylation treatment. B: Enzyme activity analysis. Lane M: Protein marker; Lane 1: 1-α-PrA; Lane 2: 1-S1-PrA; Lane 3: 1-S2-PrA; Lane 4: 1-S3-PrA; Lane 5: 1-S4-PrA. *: P < 0.05., figureFileSmall=5DQbI2z+krnAOn0SFwyMEQ==, figureFileBig=5+wbnlbnnfUcyxjwVSfW7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902987945915289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=CN, label=图4, caption=信号肽优化对PrA表达量的影响, figureFileSmall=5DQbI2z+krnAOn0SFwyMEQ==, figureFileBig=5+wbnlbnnfUcyxjwVSfW7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902988029801375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Validation of multi-copy plasmids via Spe I/Xba I. Lane M: DNA marker; Lane 1: pMCO-AOX-S2-PrA; Lane 2: pMCO-AOX-S2-2PrA; Lane 3: pMCO-AOX-S2-4PrA; Lane 4: pMCO- AOX-S2-8PrA., figureFileSmall=ZdkaKRs5MnNq3NEVEAVD5Q==, figureFileBig=MOtKXm9jakzLnT+as0G7Sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902989686551463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=CN, label=图5, caption=多拷贝质粒验证, figureFileSmall=ZdkaKRs5MnNq3NEVEAVD5Q==, figureFileBig=MOtKXm9jakzLnT+as0G7Sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902989879489456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Impact of gene dosage optimization on PrA production. A: SDS-PAGE analysis. All samples have undergone deglycosylation treatment. B: Enzyme activity analysis. Lane M: Protein marker; Lane 1: 1-S2-PrA; Lane 2: 2-S2-PrA; Lane 3: 4-S2-PrA; Lane 4: 8-S2-PrA. *: P < 0.05., figureFileSmall=ph8OBYQFP8gW+dnrdyp8Uw==, figureFileBig=HTMfSXI3ZCsv25+bYXGxrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902990051455931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基因拷贝数对PrA表达量的影响, figureFileSmall=ph8OBYQFP8gW+dnrdyp8Uw==, figureFileBig=HTMfSXI3ZCsv25+bYXGxrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902990227616709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Elimination of zeocin resistance gene and validation of enzyme activity. A: Resistance elimination analyse. B: SDS-PAGE analysis. All samples have undergone deglycosylation treatment. C: Enzyme activity analysis. Lane M: Protein marker; Lane 1: 8-S2-PrA; Lanes 2−9: Zeocin-sensitive transformants of 8-S2-PrA., figureFileSmall=cfg0NfR53GX7byFkhkk8AA==, figureFileBig=weRzNFzC5Ev+2ANEJOZadA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902990353445835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=CN, label=图7, caption=抗性消除和酶活验证, figureFileSmall=cfg0NfR53GX7byFkhkk8AA==, figureFileBig=weRzNFzC5Ev+2ANEJOZadA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902990512829396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Impact of co-expressing molecular chaperones on PrA production. A: SDS-PAGE analysis. All samples have undergone deglycosylation treatment. B: Enzyme activity analysis. Lane M: Protein marker; Lane1: 8-S2-PrA; Lane 2: 8-S2-PrA-HAC1; Lane 3: 8-S2-PrA-SSA1; Lane 4: 8-S2-PrA-YDJ1; Lane 5: 8-S2-PrA-SNL1; Lane 6: 8-S2-PrA-PDI; Lane 7: 8-S2-PrA-BIP; Lane 8: 8-S2-PrA-LHS1; Lane 9: 8-S2-PrA-SSO1. *: P < 0.05., figureFileSmall=w2Z5sk+u49TK4bFggF6WjA==, figureFileBig=Fxjv4wGPxnYyHEWtpVohxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902990680601564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=CN, label=图8, caption=共表达分子伴侣对PrA产量的影响, figureFileSmall=w2Z5sk+u49TK4bFggF6WjA==, figureFileBig=Fxjv4wGPxnYyHEWtpVohxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902990802236389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Impact of co-expressing molecular chaperone combinations on PrA production. A: SDS-PAGE analysis. All samples have undergone deglycosylation treatment. B: Enzyme activity analysis. Lane M: Marker; Lane 1: 8-S2-PrA; Lane 2: 8-S2-PrA-SSA1-YDJ1; Lane 3: 8-S2-PrA-BIP-LHS1; Lane 4: 8-S2-PrA-SSA1-YDJ1-BIP-LHS1. *: P < 0.05., figureFileSmall=gRCjN/6eymuaVtJOWIn0EA==, figureFileBig=qpXY3jV4YENxcuB5PaI5Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902990957425649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=CN, label=图9, caption=共表达分子伴侣组合对PrA产量的影响, figureFileSmall=gRCjN/6eymuaVtJOWIn0EA==, figureFileBig=qpXY3jV4YENxcuB5PaI5Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902991083254774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=SDS-PAGE analysis of supernatants in high-density fermentation. A: The original supernatants samples. B: The 10-fold diluted supernatants samples. Lane M: Protein marker; Lane 1: 48 h; Lane 2: 72 h; Lane 3: 96 h; Lane 4: 120 h; Lane 5: 144 h; Lane 6: 168 h; Lane 7: 192 h., figureFileSmall=86N9zQzCVzTmoQq4rSjTQw==, figureFileBig=Ey6Gb0mw8Gpi0t8Z6kl67g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902991200695294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=CN, label=图10, caption=高密度发酵上清液的SDS-PAGE分析, figureFileSmall=86N9zQzCVzTmoQq4rSjTQw==, figureFileBig=Ey6Gb0mw8Gpi0t8Z6kl67g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902991330717703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=EN, label=Figure 11, caption=Enzyme activity curves for high-density fermentation., figureFileSmall=USA7mhlRXd2WITnzd3itfg==, figureFileBig=iHHSD2NEde15NSa5yIxNqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902991485906958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=CN, label=图11, caption=高密度发酵的酶活曲线, figureFileSmall=USA7mhlRXd2WITnzd3itfg==, figureFileBig=iHHSD2NEde15NSa5yIxNqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902991582375956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Signal peptides used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Plasmid nameSignal peptidesReferences
pMCO-AOXα-PrAα-factor[11]
pMCO-AOX-S1-PrAMsb2[19]
pMCO-AOX-S2-PrAMF4I[20]
pMCO-AOX-S3-PrADse4[21]
pMCO-AOX-S4-PrAnSB[22]
), ArticleFig(id=1242902991691427864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用信号肽

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Plasmid nameSignal peptidesReferences
pMCO-AOXα-PrAα-factor[11]
pMCO-AOX-S1-PrAMsb2[19]
pMCO-AOX-S2-PrAMF4I[20]
pMCO-AOX-S3-PrADse4[21]
pMCO-AOX-S4-PrAnSB[22]
), ArticleFig(id=1242902991762731038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Primers used for amplifying molecular chaperones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
The EcoR I and Not I sites shown in the primers are underlined.
HAC1-FGGAATTCATGCCCGTAGATTCTTCTCATAAG
HAC1-RTAGTTTAGCGGCCGCCTATTCCTGGAAGAATACAAAGTCATTTAAATCAAATGCATTAG
SSA1-FACGGAATTCATGCCAGCTGTCGGTATTGAT
SSA1-RGTCTAAGGGCGGCCGCTCAATCGACTTCCTCAACAGTTGGTCC
YDJ1-FACGGAATTCATGGTTAGAGAAACAAAGTTATAT
YDJ1-RGTCTAAGGGCGGCCGCTCACTGAGAAGCACATTGGACACC
SNL1-FACGGAATTCATGCTTGATTTATCCCCATTC
SNL1-RGTCTAAGGGCGGCCGCTCAAAGGTCTCCGAGAACAGCTTT
PDI-FACGGAATTCATGCAATTCAACTGGAATATT
PDI-RGTCTAAGGGCGGCCGCTCAAAGCTCGTCGTGAGCGTCTGC
BIP-FACGGAATTCATGCTGTCGTTAAAACCATCT
BIP-RGTCTAAGGGCGGCCGCTCACAACTCATCATGATCATAGTC
LHS1-FACGGAATTCATGAGAACACAAAAGATAGTA
LHS1-RGTCTAAGGGCGGCCGCTCACAACTCATCATGGGATGTTTG
SSO1-FACGGAATTCATGAGTAACCAGTATAATCCG
SSO1-RGTCTAAGGGCGGCCGCTCATCTTCCCCAGTTTCCGACACC
), ArticleFig(id=1242902991855005733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

分子伴侣引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
The EcoR I and Not I sites shown in the primers are underlined.
HAC1-FGGAATTCATGCCCGTAGATTCTTCTCATAAG
HAC1-RTAGTTTAGCGGCCGCCTATTCCTGGAAGAATACAAAGTCATTTAAATCAAATGCATTAG
SSA1-FACGGAATTCATGCCAGCTGTCGGTATTGAT
SSA1-RGTCTAAGGGCGGCCGCTCAATCGACTTCCTCAACAGTTGGTCC
YDJ1-FACGGAATTCATGGTTAGAGAAACAAAGTTATAT
YDJ1-RGTCTAAGGGCGGCCGCTCACTGAGAAGCACATTGGACACC
SNL1-FACGGAATTCATGCTTGATTTATCCCCATTC
SNL1-RGTCTAAGGGCGGCCGCTCAAAGGTCTCCGAGAACAGCTTT
PDI-FACGGAATTCATGCAATTCAACTGGAATATT
PDI-RGTCTAAGGGCGGCCGCTCAAAGCTCGTCGTGAGCGTCTGC
BIP-FACGGAATTCATGCTGTCGTTAAAACCATCT
BIP-RGTCTAAGGGCGGCCGCTCACAACTCATCATGATCATAGTC
LHS1-FACGGAATTCATGAGAACACAAAAGATAGTA
LHS1-RGTCTAAGGGCGGCCGCTCACAACTCATCATGGGATGTTTG
SSO1-FACGGAATTCATGAGTAACCAGTATAATCCG
SSO1-RGTCTAAGGGCGGCCGCTCATCTTCCCCAGTTTCCGACACC
), ArticleFig(id=1242902991976640557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Localizations and functions of molecular chaperones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NameMajor subcellular localizationFunction
HAC1NucleusTranscription factor
SSA1CytoplasmHsp70
YDJ1CytoplasmHsp40
SNL1CytoplasmNucleotide exchange factor
PDIERDisulfide isomerase
BIPERHsp70
LHS1ERNucleotide exchange factor
SSO1GolgiPlasma membrane t-SNARE protein
), ArticleFig(id=1242902992085692465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

分子伴侣的功能和定位

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NameMajor subcellular localizationFunction
HAC1NucleusTranscription factor
SSA1CytoplasmHsp70
YDJ1CytoplasmHsp40
SNL1CytoplasmNucleotide exchange factor
PDIERDisulfide isomerase
BIPERHsp70
LHS1ERNucleotide exchange factor
SSO1GolgiPlasma membrane t-SNARE protein
), ArticleFig(id=1242902992198938680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Yields of acid proteases in existing literatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Protein nameHostMaximum enzyme activity (U/mL)
*: The expression level of acid protease in this study.
pepBAspergillus niger TH-21 380.00[23]
AjproA1Pichia pastoris669.60[24]
pepAPichia pastoris50.62[25]
pepBAspergillus niger SH-29 722.00[26]
Acid proteaseSKY-5203 000.80[27]
pepAPichia pastoris23 000.00[28]
RmproAPichia pastoris3 480.40[1]
PrAPichia pastoris43 088.00*
), ArticleFig(id=1242902992324767804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826842714786, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同文献中酸性蛋白酶的产量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Protein nameHostMaximum enzyme activity (U/mL)
*: The expression level of acid protease in this study.
pepBAspergillus niger TH-21 380.00[23]
AjproA1Pichia pastoris669.60[24]
pepAPichia pastoris50.62[25]
pepBAspergillus niger SH-29 722.00[26]
Acid proteaseSKY-5203 000.80[27]
pepAPichia pastoris23 000.00[28]
RmproAPichia pastoris3 480.40[1]
PrAPichia pastoris43 088.00*
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黑曲霉酸性蛋白酶PrA在毕赤酵母中的高效表达
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李炳坤 1 , 郑毅恒 2 , 王飞 1, * , 成莉凤 3 , 李丁 4
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(9): 3314-3329
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(9): 3314-3329
黑曲霉酸性蛋白酶PrA在毕赤酵母中的高效表达
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李炳坤1, 郑毅恒2, 王飞1, * , 成莉凤3, 李丁4
作者信息
  • 1 江西农业大学 生物科学与工程学院, 江西 南昌 330045
  • 2 河南科技大学 食品与生物工程学院, 河南 洛阳 471000
  • 3 中国农业科学院麻类研究所, 湖南 长沙 410205
  • 4 江苏省农业科学院动物免疫工程研究所, 江苏 南京 210014
Efficient expression of the Aspergillus niger acidic protease PrA in Pichia pastoris
Bingkun LI1, Yiheng ZHENG2, Fei WANG1, * , Lifeng CHENG3, Ding LI4
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
  • 2 College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
  • 3 Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
  • 4 Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
出版时间: 2024-05-13 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240116
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【目的】本研究致力于获得酸性蛋白酶PrA的高产酵母菌株,以便在食品加工、饲料添加剂等领域进行应用。【方法】构建毕赤酵母表达菌株,在摇瓶水平重组表达PrA并检测其酶学性质。通过信号肽改造、基因剂量优化、共表达分子伴侣等措施逐步提高PrA产量,并利用高密度发酵进一步提高表达水平。【结果】PrA的比酶活为3 974.00 U/mg,最适反应pH为3.0,最适反应温度为45 ℃。初始菌株的PrA产量达到738.03 U/mL。通过使用MF4I信号肽将PrA产量提高至1 206.52 U/mL,增加PrA基因拷贝数导致产量提高至2 406.47 U/mL。进一步共表达分子伴侣或分子伴侣组合将PrA产量提高至4 091.27 U/mL。经过高密度发酵,发酵168 h酶活达到43 088.00 U/mL,与初始产量相比提高58.4倍。【结论】在毕赤酵母中成功实现了酸性蛋白酶PrA的高效表达,为其未来的工业化应用奠定了基础。这些结果为进一步研究和开发该酶在食品加工和饲料添加剂领域的应用提供了重要参考。

毕赤酵母  /  酸性蛋白酶PrA  /  信号肽  /  基因剂量  /  分子伴侣  /  高密度发酵

[Objective] To obtain a yeast strain efficiently producing the acidic protease PrA for applications in food processing, feed additives, and other related industries. [Methods] We constructed a recombinant strain of Pichia pastoris expressing PrA by fermentation in shake flasks and measured the enzymatic properties of the expressed PrA. Several strategies, such as signal peptide modification, gene dosage optimization, and co-expression with molecular chaperones, were employed to enhance the production of PrA. Additionally, high-density fermentation was employed to further improve the expression level. [Results] The expressed enzyme PrA showcased the specific activity of 3 974.00 U/mg, with the optimum performance at pH 3.0 and 45 ℃. The production of PrA by the parental strain was 738.03 U/mL. The modification of the MF4I signal peptide increased the production of PrA to 1 206.52 U/mL. Moreover, an increase in the copy number of prA further increased the PrA production to 2 406.47 U/mL. Additionally, co-expression with single or combined molecular chaperones increased the PrA production to 4 091.27 U/mL. After undergoing high-density fermentation, the enzyme activity reached 43 088.00 U/mL within 168 h, representing a 58.4-fold increase compared with the initial production. [Conclusion] High-level expression of PrA was achieved in P. pastoris, which laid a foundation for the future industrial applications. The results provide valuable insights into the research and development of PrA for applications in food processing and feed additives.

Pichia pastoris  /  acidic protease PrA  /  signal peptide  /  gene dosage  /  molecular chaperone  /  high-density fermentation
李炳坤, 郑毅恒, 王飞, 成莉凤, 李丁. 黑曲霉酸性蛋白酶PrA在毕赤酵母中的高效表达. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (9) : 3314 -3329 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240116
Bingkun LI, Yiheng ZHENG, Fei WANG, Lifeng CHENG, Ding LI. Efficient expression of the Aspergillus niger acidic protease PrA in Pichia pastoris[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (9) : 3314 -3329 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240116
蛋白酶是一类能够催化蛋白质水解为多肽和氨基酸的酶,广泛应用于食品[1]、皮革、生物防治[2]、医药[3]及饲料工业[4-5]。目前,主要的蛋白质水解酶分为四大类:丝氨酸蛋白酶、半胱氨酸蛋白酶、金属蛋白酶和天冬氨酸蛋白酶,后者也称为酸性蛋白酶[6]。酸性蛋白酶的分子质量往往介于30−40 kDa,主要由约380个氨基酸组成;不同来源的酸性蛋白酶具有相似的空间结构和组成,其催化区域的序列和残基相对保守;酸性蛋白酶的活性位点具有Asp-Thr-Gly基序和伴生的Gly-X-X-Gly基序,形成蛋白结构中的psi环状结构[7]。对酸性蛋白酶晶体结构进行X射线处理和分析发现,其由2个相似的结构域通过β折叠片形成,每个结构域向蛋白中心的催化口袋提供一个Asp残基,通过与蛋白质结合的配体或底物进行催化反应[8]。目前,黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)是工业化生产有机酸、蛋白酶的主要菌种,其分泌的较多杂蛋白不利于蛋白酶的下游纯化,从而限制其在产品端的应用。因此,如何利用异源表达高效、专一地生产酸性蛋白酶是目前亟待解决的问题。
毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)作为一种成熟且广泛使用的酵母表达平台,因其能高效表达真核生物来源的目的蛋白而备受青睐[9]。首先,毕赤酵母具有较强的分泌表达能力,便于进行下游纯化[10]。其次,毕赤酵母具有蛋白重折叠机制,分泌表达的重组蛋白的可溶性较好,不会形成包涵体[11]。通过表达元件优化[12]、基因剂量优化[13]、共表达分子伴侣[14]、高密度发酵等措施[15]可有效提高目的蛋白产量,从而推动目的蛋白实现工业化应用。
本研究采用了自主研发的新一代无抗化毕赤酵母平台pMCO,该平台可以在甲醇诱导条件下介导酵母细胞发生基因重组,删除其基因组上的抗生素抗性基因,从而便于后续质粒整合[16]。目前已使用该平台成功表达犬α干扰素、壳聚糖酶、纳米抗体、猪瘟病毒E2抗原、猪圆环病毒3型Cap抗原等多种蛋白质[17-18]。本研究拟将黑曲霉酸性蛋白酶PrA基因在毕赤酵母中进行重组表达,并对其酶学性质进行测定;利用信号肽优化、基因剂量优化和共表达分子伴侣进一步提高产量。相关结果为PrA的工业化应用奠定基础。
毕赤酵母GS115菌株、大肠杆菌菌株DH5α均购自Invitrogen公司。质粒pMCO-AOXα (带有α-factor信号肽,用于分泌表达)和pMCO-AOX (无信号肽,用于胞内表达分子伴侣)均储存于本实验室[18]。LB、YPG、YPGZ和BMMY培养基配方参考文献[18]。
利用SignalP在线数据库对PrA基因进行分析,其N端21个氨基酸被预测为信号肽序列。去除信号肽序列后将目的基因进行密码子优化及体外合成(GenBank登录号为PP442023),然后通过Xho I和Pst I亚克隆至pMCO-AOXα表达载体(C端融合载体HisTag)。将质粒用Sal I进行线性化并乙醇沉淀,然后电转到毕赤酵母GS115中。获得的酵母转化子命名为1-α-PrA。将得到的转化子先转接到新的YPGZ平板,30 ℃静置培养过夜后从平板上挑取单菌落到转接到含有50 mL YPG液体培养基的250 mL锥形瓶中,30 ℃、200 r/min培养24 h后,4 ℃、6 000 r/min离心3 min,收集菌体,并用等体积BMMY培养基重悬。25 ℃、200 r/min进行诱导表达96 h,每隔24 h补加终浓度0.75%的甲醇。发酵结束后离心收集上清进行酶活测定和SDS-PAGE验证。空载质粒pMCO-AOXα转入GS115以获得阴性对照菌株(命名为NC)。对发酵液上清进行亲和层析纯化,获得纯化蛋白后使用去糖基化酶Endo H对发酵液上清及纯化后蛋白进行去糖基化处理及SDS-PAGE验证。
酶活力测定参考GB 1886.174—2016食品安全国家标准(https://www.eshian.com/standards/36261.html),以1%的酪蛋白为底物,采用Folin-酚法进行酶活测定。1 g或1 mL酶,在pH 3.0和40 ℃下,1 min水解酪蛋白产生1 μg酪氨酸,即为1个酶活力单位,以U/g或U/mL表示。使用BCA试剂盒检测纯化PrA的蛋白浓度,从而计算其比活力。
分别吸取100 μg/mL的酪氨酸溶液0、1、2、3、4、5 mL,用蒸馏水定容至10 mL。分别取上述溶液各1 mL,各加0.4 mol/L碳酸钠溶液5 mL、福林试剂1 mL,置于40 ℃水浴中显色反应20 min取出,在OD680处,以不含酪氨酸试管为对照,分别测定样品吸光度。以酪氨酸的浓度为横坐标,吸光度为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线。
于40 ℃下,分别在pH 2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0下测定酶活,以最高酶活力为100%,计算其他不同pH下的相对酶活,每个反应设3个平行,探讨不同pH值对酶活力的影响。
将纯化蛋白进行适当稀释后分别在30、35、40、45、50、55、60 ℃下测定酶活,每个反应设3个平行,以所测最高酶活为100%,计算其他不同温度下的相对酶活,确定酶的最适反应温度。
将酶液分别置于30、40、45 ℃水浴锅中,保温不同时间(30、60、90、120 min)后测定剩余相对酶活力,绘制温度稳定性曲线。每个反应设3个平行,以所测最高酶活为100%。
将不同的金属离子(Fe3+、Fe2+、Co2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cu2+、Mn2+、Zn2+、K+)分别添加到酸性蛋白酶酶活测定体系中,使其终浓度为10 mmol/L,以不加金属离子时的样品酶活为100%,每个反应设3个平行,计算不同金属离子存在下的相对酶活,考察金属离子对酶活力的影响。
根据文献报道序列对表1中的信号肽进行密码子优化及体外合成,通过EcoR I和Xho I将它们亚克隆至pMCO-AOXα-PrA载体替换α-factor信号肽,从而产生S1−S4等信号肽诱导PrA分泌的重组质粒,将其命名为pMCO-AOX-S1-PrA、pMCO-AOX-S2-PrA、pMCO-AOX-S3-PrA和pMCO-AOX-S4-PrA。
将上述质粒用Sal I进行线性化和乙醇沉淀,然后电转到毕赤酵母GS115中。获得的酵母转化子命名为1-S1-PrA、1-S2-PrA、1-S3-PrA、1-S4-PrA。按照1.2的方法进行诱导及表达,对发酵液上清进行酶活测定和SDS-PAGE验证产量。
以重组质粒pMCO-AOX-S2-PrA为亲本质粒进行多拷贝菌株的构建。使用Xba Ⅰ对重组质粒进行单酶切,使用小牛肠碱性磷酸酶(calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase, CIAP)进行脱磷处理得到载体片段;使用Spe Ⅰ和Xba Ⅰ对重组质粒进行双酶切得到目的基因表达盒,使用DNA连接酶将两者连接,即可得到2拷贝重组质粒pMCO-AOX-S2-2PrA。同理依次构建4、8拷贝重组质粒pMCO-AOX-S2-4PrA、pMCO-AOX-S2- 8PrA。将上述质粒使用Spe Ⅰ和Xba Ⅰ处理后,随后通过1%琼脂糖凝胶进行电泳分离验证,验证拷贝数是否增加。
将上述含有2、4、6、8拷贝目的基因的多拷贝质粒利用Sal Ⅰ进行线性化,然后电击转化至毕赤酵母GS115感受态细胞中。在YPGZ平板上筛选阳性克隆,将其命名为2-S2-PrA、4-S2-PrA、8-S2-PrA。按照1.2的方法进行诱导及表达并进行酶活测定和SDS-PAGE验证。
将PrA产量最高的多拷贝酵母菌株接入含1%甲醇的BMMY液体试管中,30 ℃、200 r/min培养24 h,然后进行平板划线。放入30 ℃培养箱中培养到第3天时将单菌落同时转接到YPG和YPGZ平板,放入30 ℃培养箱中培养过夜。将zeocin敏感的单菌落按照1.2的方法进行诱导表达并进行产量验证。
共筛选8种源自毕赤酵母的分子伴侣HAC1、SSA1、YDJ1、SNL1、PDI、BIP、LHS1、SSO1。PCR扩增模板为毕赤酵母基因组。所有基因的5′端含有EcoR I位点,3′端含有Not I位点。使用表2中的引物组合扩增目的基因,使用EcoR I和Not I对PCR产物进行双酶切,替换pMCO-AOX载体的等位区域,从而获得用于酵母胞内表达的重组质粒。将8个重组质粒通过Sal I线性化,经乙醇沉淀后电转到zeocin敏感的多拷贝酵母感受态细胞中。将转化子以“8-S2-PrA-分子伴侣”的格式进行命名。按照1.2所述方法进行摇瓶诱导及表达验证。
按照1.5的方法将“增产型”分子伴侣表达盒进行整合,从而获得pMCO-AOX-SSA1-YDJ1、pMCO-AOX-BIP-LHS1和pMCO-AOX-SSA1- YDJ1-BIP-LHS1。将上述质粒通过Sal I线性化,经乙醇沉淀后电转到8-S2-PrA感受态中。获得的酵母转化子命名为8-S2-PrA-SSA1-YDJ1、8-S2-PrA-BIP-LHS1和8-S2-PrA-SSA1-YDJ1- BIP-LHS1。按照1.2的方法进行诱导表达及产量验证。
菌株8-S2-PrA-SSA1-YDJ1-BIP-LHS1按照Liu等[12]描述的方案用于高密度发酵测定。开始甲醇诱导后每24 h取样进行酶活测定和SDS-PAGE验证产量。
使用单因素方差分析和t检验统计学差异。统计学意义确定为P < 0.05。所有实验至少进行了3次,所有数据均以平均值±标准差表示。
将1-α-PrA酵母转化子进行摇瓶水平诱导表达,发酵结束后收集上清液进行SDS-PAGE检测,结果显示目的蛋白表现为55−60 kDa的拖尾条带(图1,泳道1)。鉴于其理论分子量为40.4 kDa,重组蛋白的糖基化状态需要被进一步验证。利用去糖基化酶Endo H (图1,泳道2,30 kDa)处理目标蛋白,结果显示目的蛋白的分子量减少,形成一条49 kDa左右较为单一的蛋白条带(图1,泳道2),分子量仍大于预期,表明PrA可能具有较复杂的糖基化修饰。酶活结果显示,1-α-PrA液体培养的最高酶活为738.03 U/mL。对发酵液上清进行镍柱亲和层析纯化,纯化后的PrA呈现出单一、特异的蛋白条带(图1,泳道3),可以进行后续酶学性质检测。以上结果证明PrA在毕赤酵母中成功表达。
图2所示,酪氨酸浓度与其OD680值呈线性函数关系,R2=0.994 47,表明线性关系良好,可以用作标准曲线。
以1%的酪蛋白为底物,根据纯化后PrA蛋白浓度及酶活测得PrA的比酶活为3 974.00 U/mg。如图3所示,酸性蛋白酶PrA的最适反应pH为3.0,在pH 2.0−3.0区间有较为稳定相对酶活,维持在80%左右。其最适温度为45 ℃,在40−50 ℃区间有较为稳定相对酶活,维持在80%以上。温度稳定性测定结果显示,在30 ℃条件下保温120 min后,酶的最高残余活性为93%;在40 ℃条件下保温120 min后,酶的最高残余活性为32%;经过45 ℃处理30 min后相对酶活只有20%左右。金属离子测定结果显示Ca2+、Zn2+、Fe2+对PrA的活性有激活作用,Mn2+和K+对PrA无明显影响,Co2+、Mg2+、Cu2+对PrA的活力有抑制作用,Fe3+对PrA有较强的抑制作用。
对1-S1-PrA、1-S2-PrA、1-S3-PrA和1-S4-PrA进行摇瓶诱导表达,酶活结果如图4所示,1-S2-PrA液体培养的酶活最高,产量为1 206.52 U/mL,与初始菌株1-α-PrA相比提高了63%左右。1-S1-PrA和1-S3-PrA有所增加,产量分别是839.78 U/mL和791.95 U/mL。1-S4-PrA的酸性蛋白酶产量有所下降,产量为580.19 U/mL。SDS-PAGE和酶活检测数据均表明信号肽优化后的1-S2-PrA菌株的酸性蛋白酶的产量提升最为显著,选取pMCO-AOX-S2-PrA质粒用于体外构建多拷贝质粒。
将1、2、4、8拷贝重组质粒进行Spe I/Xba I双酶切验证,如图5所示,不同质粒的框架部分分子量保持一致(约7.5 kb),1、2、4、8拷贝质粒表达盒大小依次为2.5、5.0、10.0、15.0 kb,分子量依次增大。该结果证明多拷贝表达载体构建成功。
将上述多拷贝质粒线性化并电转到毕赤酵母GS115中,得到的转化子命名为2-S2-PrA、4-S2-PrA和8-S2-PrA。按照1.2的方法进行诱导及表达并进行酶活测定和SDS-PAGE验证产量。如图6所示,2-S2-PrA、4-S2-PrA和8-S2-PrA相较于1-S2-PrA产量均有所增加,分别提高了35%、75%和99%,酶活分别是1 624.47、2 115.82、2 406.47 U/mL。当基因组内PrA的拷贝数达到8个时可以获得最高的酶活力产量(2 406.47 U/mL)。选取8-S2-PrA菌株用于抗性消除及后续实验。
按照1.6所述方法对8-S2-PrA菌株进行抗性消除,将平板划线所得的单菌落同时转接到YPG和YPGZ平板,放入30 ℃培养箱中培养过夜。随机挑选对zeocin敏感的单菌落(图7A)进行摇瓶发酵及产量检测。结果如图7所示,所选取菌株的PrA产量基本保持一致。从中选取6号菌株制备感受态。
根据表3筛选出HAC1、SSA1、YDJ1、SNL1、PDI、BIP、LHS1和SSO1分子伴侣,构建其胞内表达质粒。将重组质粒线性化并转入zeocin敏感的8-S2-PrA感受态细胞,从而获得共表达不同分子伴侣的酵母菌株。按照1.2的方法进行诱导及表达并进行酶活测定和SDS-PAGE验证。
图8所示,来源于毕赤酵母的SSA1、BIP、LHS1、YDJ1对PrA的表达具有促进作用,酶活分别是2 896.86、2 884.95、2 745.62、2 768.27 U/mL (与8-S2-PrA相比分别提高了20%、20%、14%和15%)。分子伴侣HAC1、SNL1、PDI和SSO1对PrA有抑制作用,产量分别下降了12%、11%、4%和6%。因此尝试将对PrA有促进作用的分子伴侣组合在一起与PrA共表达,希望能够进一步提高PrA的表达量。
将对8-S2-PrA表达有促进作用的分子伴侣SSA1、YDJ1、BIP、LHS1表达盒进行整合,产生的重组质粒命名为pMCO-AOX-SSA1-YDJ1、pMCO-AOX-BIP-LHS1、pMCO-AOX-SSA1- YDJ1-BIP-LHS1。将其线性化并转入zeocin敏感的8-S2-PrA感受态细胞,从而获得共表达不同分子伴侣组合的酵母菌株。如图9所示,可知分子伴侣组合SSA1-YDJ1、BIP-LHS1和SSA1-YDJ1-BIP-LHS1对酸性蛋白酶的产量均有明显提升(分别提升45%、50%和70%),酶活分别为3 489.38、3 609.70、4 091.27 U/mL。
按照1.9所述方法对8-S2-PrA-SSA1-YDJ1- BIP-LHS1菌株进行高密度发酵,定时取样后进行SDS-PAGE。结果如图10所示,发酵原液直接电泳后目的蛋白呈现为扭曲变形的蛋白条带,而稀释10倍后目的蛋白呈现为整齐、特异的蛋白条带。此外,高密度发酵的PrA蛋白的分子量略小于摇瓶发酵样品。据推测,培养基中较高的盐离子浓度、PrA的糖基化修饰,以及不同发酵温度(摇瓶为25 ℃,高密度发酵为30 ℃)是造成以上现象的主要原因。
对不同时间点取样的发酵液上清进行酶活检测,结果如图11所示,随着发酵时间的增加,酸性蛋白酶的酶活也随之增加,在168 h时酸性蛋白酶的产量达到顶峰,此时的酶活为43 088.00 U/mL。在168 h后PrA产量出现下降趋势,表明PrA出现降解。文献检索结果显示目前酸性蛋白酶的产量处于50.62−23 000.00 U/mL (表4),因此证实本研究的酸性蛋白酶产量已达到较理想水平。
在食品加工及饲料添加剂领域中,酸性蛋白酶作为一种关键的水解酶发挥着重要作用。本研究成功利用毕赤酵母系统表达了酸性蛋白酶PrA,其初始产量达到738.03 U/mL。在研究其酶学性质过程中发现PrA发生了不均一的糖基化,具体表现为去糖基化处理后其蛋白条带从拖尾条带变成单一、特异的蛋白条带,而且分子量显著减小。这种拖尾现象并非罕见。比如植酸酶[29]和猪瘟病毒E2抗原[30]均被预测含有3个N-糖基化位点,但经毕赤酵母分泌表达前者在SDS-PAGE凝胶上表现为邻近的3个蛋白条带,而后者表现为35−55 kDa的拖尾条带。糖基化修饰对蛋白活性的影响存在不确定性。研究表明毕赤酵母表达的壳聚糖酶CSN发生N-糖基化修饰,其在50 ℃保存240 min残余酶活依然保存在90%以上。芽孢杆菌表达的CSN蛋白在同等条件下残余酶活不到20%[31]。该现象证明糖基化修饰可能有助于提高蛋白热稳定性。然而,糖基化修饰可能导致蛋白亚基或抗原表位被遮蔽从而影响酶活或免疫原性[32]。因此糖基化修饰对目的产物的影响需要个案分析。
信号肽优化是提高外源蛋白产量的有效方法。Xiong等[33]的研究表明MF4I信号肽可以显著提高植酸酶(phy-pl-sh)在毕赤酵母中的表达,与α-factor信号肽相比产量提高了2.9倍,酶活达到了2 650.00 U/mL。Wang等[34]的研究表明MF4I信号肽可以显著提高甘露聚糖内切-1, 4-β-甘露糖苷酶(mannan endo-1, 4-β-mannosidase, MAN)在毕赤酵母中的表达,再用MF4I取代α-factor信号肽使得MAN的产量提高了2.03倍。这表明MF4I信号肽能够高效地引导蛋白质通过内质网和高尔基体的分泌途径,从而增加目标蛋白的表达量。本研究使用MF4I信号肽使得PrA的产量与初始信号肽(α-factor)相比提高了63%,酶活达到了1 206.52 U/mL。
为进一步提高酸性蛋白酶PrA的产量,本研究对PrA进行多拷贝酵母菌株构建和共表达分子伴侣的相关研究。结果显示酸性蛋白酶PrA在8拷贝时酶活最高,酶活高达2 406.47 U/mL,与单拷贝毕赤酵母菌株相比提高了99%。基因剂量优化的核心原理是通过构建多拷贝菌株提高目的基因的转录水平,从而增加前体蛋白的合成。在胞内表达相关案例中,目的蛋白产量往往与基因拷贝数呈现良好的线性关系。例如9拷贝菌株的乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)产量是单拷贝菌株的19.4倍[35],而胞内表达破伤风毒素C片段(tetanus toxin fragment C)时9拷贝菌株与单拷贝菌株相比产量提高了25.45倍[36]。然而,对分泌表达而言,前体蛋白被合成后需经历信号肽切除、二硫键异构、糖基化修饰、亚细胞转运等环节,相关细胞因子的丰度会进一步影响目的蛋白的分泌水平。因此在分泌表达相关案例中往往可以观察到随着基因剂量增加,目的蛋白产量先上升后下降的现象[16, 37-38]。有学者将这种产量曲线称为钟形曲线[39]
由于过表达的目的蛋白可能占用大量细胞资源从而对酵母细胞产生胁迫,此时共表达“蛋白折叠与运输”相关分子伴侣有可能进一步提高蛋白产量。实验结果显示4种分子伴侣(SSA1、YDJ1、BIP、LHS1)对PrA的表达均有促进作用,而共表达这4种分子伴侣的组合将PrA产量提高至4 091.27 U/mL,与初始菌株相比提高了5.5倍,由此在摇瓶水平获得了PrA的高产酵母菌株。通过组合分子伴侣提高蛋白质重组表达水平在其他一些工业酶中也得到应用,例如Wang等[40]的研究发现壳聚糖酶(AqCoA)在16拷贝的情况下共表达6个分子伴侣组合(PDI-ERO1-SSA4- SSE1-YDJ1-SSO2)与初始菌株相比提高了13倍。李丁等[41]的研究表明,在毕赤酵母中,犬α干扰素表达在12拷贝情况下共表达Hac时产量最高,是初始酵母菌株的5.61倍,产量约为581 mg/L。
高密度发酵能够提高细胞密度(湿重),并进一步改善营养、氧气供给以及甲醇诱导连续性,从而提高目的蛋白产量。Ma等[20]用毕赤酵母为宿主表达中性蛋白酶(NPI-p),在高密度发酵条件下NPI-p产量达到12.87 mg/mL,与摇瓶发酵相比提高了8.6倍。商婷婷[42]用毕赤酵母采用高密度发酵,使得木聚糖酶(Xyn11A)的产量与摇瓶相比提高了7.02倍。杨琥[28]以毕赤酵母为表达宿主表达酸性蛋白酶,经过密码子、信号肽、启动子和基因剂量优化后,在30 L发酵罐中进行高密度发酵产量达到23 000.00 U/mL。本研究将高产菌株8-S2-PrA-SSA1-YDJ1-BIP- LHS1进行5 L水平高密度发酵,PrA表达量进一步提升到了43 088.00 U/mL。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32002316)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ50315)
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2024年第64卷第9期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240116
  • 接收时间:2024-02-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-05-13
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-26
  • 录用日期:2024-05-07
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002316)
国家自然科学基金(32002316)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ50315)
湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ50315)
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    1 江西农业大学 生物科学与工程学院, 江西 南昌 330045
    2 河南科技大学 食品与生物工程学院, 河南 洛阳 471000
    3 中国农业科学院麻类研究所, 湖南 长沙 410205
    4 江苏省农业科学院动物免疫工程研究所, 江苏 南京 210014

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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