Article(id=1241783826469425833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241783822560334490, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240102, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1707926400000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1713456000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-19, onlineDate=1773993935457, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1715270400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773993935457, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773993935457, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773993935457, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241783822560334490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='9', pageStart='3091', pageEnd='3558', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773993934526, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773994132256, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241784651996528679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241783822560334490, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241784651996528680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241783822560334490, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3269, endPage=3281, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241783829627736788, articleId=1241783826469425833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Adjuvant activity of outer membrane vesicles from Salmonella minnesota Re595 with lipopolysaccharides modified for attenuating toxicity, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical bilayer membrane structures secreted by Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria. OMVs contain abundant surface antigens and are of great research significance in vaccine development. However, the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which is the primary component of OMVs, arouses safety concern. Therefore, genetically modifying bacterial LPS to produce safe and efficient OMVs is a viable approach to enhance the production and application of OMVs. [Methods] We modified Salmonella minnesota Re595 with O antigen and most core antigen deletions by deleting the acyl chain coding gene msbB and inserting the phosphatase coding gene lpxE from Francisella novicida to reduce acyl chains and phosphate groups on lipid A, thus obtaining less toxic LPS. LPS and OMVs were extracted from the starting strain and modified strain, and their pro-inflammatory activities were compared between the two strains. In addition, inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccines were prepared with OMVs to assess the immune adjuvant activity of OMVs. [Results] The modification of LPS reduced the endotoxin activity and pro-inflammatory responses while significantly increasing the immune adjuvant activity of OMVs. [Conclusion] This study demonstrates that the modification of LPS can attenuate the toxicity and enhance the immune adjuvant activity of bacterial OMVs. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for utilizing OMVs as immune adjuvants in the future.

, correspAuthors=Mingxu ZHOU, Fang MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: ZHOU Mingxu,
E-mail: MA Fang,
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jiawen ZHANG, Wenzhu YIN, Haiyan WANG, Jinqiu ZHANG, Bihua DENG, Yu LU, Mingxu ZHOU, Fang MA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241783838196700109, articleId=1241783826469425833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=基于明尼苏达沙门氏菌Re595脂多糖低毒改造的外膜囊泡佐剂活性研究, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles, OMVs)是由革兰氏阴性菌和某些革兰氏阳性菌生成和分泌的球形双层膜结构,含有丰富的细菌表面抗原,因此在疫苗相关领域具有重要的研究价值。脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)作为OMVs的主要结构,在诱导免疫活性的同时,也成为影响OMVs安全性的主要因素。因此,通过基因工程改造细菌LPS以生产安全高效的OMVs,是促进其生产应用的有效途径之一。【方法】以O抗原和大部分核心抗原缺失的明尼苏达沙门氏菌(Salmonella minnesota) Re595为研究对象,通过缺失酰基链编码基因msbB和导入新凶手弗朗西丝氏菌(Francisella novicida)磷酸酶基因lpxE,减少类脂A上的酰基链和磷酸基团,从而获得低毒LPS;提取亲本株与改造株LPS与OMVs,比较其刺激免疫细胞的炎性反应,以OMVs作为免疫增强剂制备口蹄疫灭活疫苗,评价免疫活性。【结果】Re595经LPS低毒改造成功降低该菌OMVs的内毒素活性和炎性反应,进一步评价亲本株Re595与低毒改造株的OMVs免疫活性发现,LPS低毒改造虽降低了OMVs的炎性反应,但其免疫增强活性显著提高。【结论】本研究说明LPS低毒改造后可降低细菌OMVs毒性,并提高其免疫增强活性,该结果将为OMVs作为免疫佐剂的应用提供理论依据。

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Nature Immunology, 2004, 5 (10):987-995., articleTitle=Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1242902982988247881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, awardId=31902243, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902243), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242902983147631440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, awardId=31902243, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(31902243), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242902983315403606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, awardId=CX(22)3030, language=EN, fundingSource=Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province(CX(22)3030), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242902983462204256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, awardId=CX(22)3030, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX(22)3030), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242902969587446068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242902969621000504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, companyId=1242902969587446068, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242902969629389113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, companyId=1242902969587446068, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 江苏省农业科学院动物免疫工程研究所, 江苏省食品质量安全重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地, 国家兽用生物制品工程技术研究中心, 江苏 南京 210014)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242902969860075842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242902969885241672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, companyId=1242902969860075842, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242902969893630280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, companyId=1242902969860075842, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 南京农业大学 动物医学院, 江苏 南京 210095)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242902969994293585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242902970006876499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, companyId=1242902969994293585, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242902970032042326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, companyId=1242902969994293585, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 兽用生物制品(泰州)国泰技术创新中心, 江苏 泰州 225300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242902980698157784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Identification of Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE by PCR. A: msbB gene replaced by cat gene. M represents Trans 2 K plus Ⅱ DNA Marker; − represents wild type strain Re595; 1 and 2 represent two mutant strains Re595 ΔmsbB: : cm. B: cat gene deletion. M represents Trans 2 K plus Ⅱ DNA Marker; 1 and 2 represent two mutant strains, respectively. C: Identification of lpxE insertion. M represents Trans 2 K plus Ⅱ DNA Marker; + represents plasmid pSTV28-lpxE; − represents msbB gene deletion strain Re595 ΔmsbB; 1 represent mutant strain Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE. D: Schematic of Re595 lipid A modification. cm, chloramphenicol., figureFileSmall=BsnVfALPRA7161j/CO40oQ==, figureFileBig=/8Azyo2wr6qOlxYgEN6o/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902980807209694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE重组株PCR鉴定, figureFileSmall=BsnVfALPRA7161j/CO40oQ==, figureFileBig=/8Azyo2wr6qOlxYgEN6o/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902980962398957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=LPS-stimulated cytokine expression of RAW264.7. A: IL-1β. B: TNF-α. The results are depicted as the mean±SEM (n=3). ****: P < 0.000 1. The results shown are representative of three independent experiments., figureFileSmall=oeaI7CfRH5MncinO5FRxDw==, figureFileBig=4x+CTF2gt5Mw8w8ROyfHmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902981205668600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, language=CN, label=图2, caption=LPS刺激RAW264.7的细胞因子表达, figureFileSmall=oeaI7CfRH5MncinO5FRxDw==, figureFileBig=4x+CTF2gt5Mw8w8ROyfHmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902981339886336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Morphology and size analysis of OMVs. A: TEM of Re595 OMVs. B: Particle sizes of OMVs isolated from Re595 and Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE., figureFileSmall=3D7NmCyuxfTH6zPjUdzWTA==, figureFileBig=TWxmMqraAgKSBz8YLGgu1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902981528630024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, language=CN, label=图3, caption=OMVs形态及粒径, figureFileSmall=3D7NmCyuxfTH6zPjUdzWTA==, figureFileBig=TWxmMqraAgKSBz8YLGgu1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902981683819281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Endotoxin content of OMVs. The results are depicted as the mean±SEM (n=3). ****: P < 0.000 1. The results shown are representative of three independent experiments., figureFileSmall=rsCtYjTfmEgZcpuYFpXP+w==, figureFileBig=XxOSsXw1S0wOw+4amArF0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902981843202842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, language=CN, label=图4, caption=OMVs的内毒素含量, figureFileSmall=rsCtYjTfmEgZcpuYFpXP+w==, figureFileBig=XxOSsXw1S0wOw+4amArF0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902981985809182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=OMVs-stimulated cytokine expression of RAW264.7. A: IL-1β. B: TNF-α. The results are depicted as the mean±SEM (n=3). **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001; ****: P < 0.000 1. The results shown are representative of three independent experiments., figureFileSmall=k4YHPRbkMRq+3UuPYHaTJA==, figureFileBig=9GzBSoWbjXbbgD6Ay0l7iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902982115832614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, language=CN, label=图5, caption=OMV诱导RAM264.7炎性因子转录水平, figureFileSmall=k4YHPRbkMRq+3UuPYHaTJA==, figureFileBig=9GzBSoWbjXbbgD6Ay0l7iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902982325547819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Levels of FMDV-specific antibodies promoted by OMVs. A: 1 week. B: 2 weeks. C: 4 weeks. The results are depicted as the mean±SEM (n=3). *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001; ns: No differences between groups. The results shown are representative of three independent experiments., figureFileSmall=aruW51xYprZkDzXrdBDzmw==, figureFileBig=txOXN1R5RXmmcFD1O5Nd+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902982459765553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, language=CN, label=图6, caption=OMVs促进小鼠血清口蹄疫特异性抗体产生, figureFileSmall=aruW51xYprZkDzXrdBDzmw==, figureFileBig=txOXN1R5RXmmcFD1O5Nd+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242902982581400376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241783826469425833, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Oligonucleotide primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer nameSequence (5′→3′)
P1TCGCTACACTATTCACAATTCCTTTTCGCGTCAGCAGACCCTGG
AAAAGCTGTGTAGGCTGGAGCTGCTTCG
P2AGGTAGTACAGGGTTTGTCAGCATAAAGCCTCTCTTACGAGAGG
CTTTATCATATGAATATCCTCCTTAG
P3CGTCAGCAGACCCTGGAAA
P4GGTTTGTCAGCATAAAGCCTCT
P5CGGAATTCGATGCTCAAACAGAC
P6CCAAGCTTCTAAATAATCTCTC
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本研究所用引物

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Primer nameSequence (5′→3′)
P1TCGCTACACTATTCACAATTCCTTTTCGCGTCAGCAGACCCTGG
AAAAGCTGTGTAGGCTGGAGCTGCTTCG
P2AGGTAGTACAGGGTTTGTCAGCATAAAGCCTCTCTTACGAGAGG
CTTTATCATATGAATATCCTCCTTAG
P3CGTCAGCAGACCCTGGAAA
P4GGTTTGTCAGCATAAAGCCTCT
P5CGGAATTCGATGCTCAAACAGAC
P6CCAAGCTTCTAAATAATCTCTC
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基于明尼苏达沙门氏菌Re595脂多糖低毒改造的外膜囊泡佐剂活性研究
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张嘉雯 1, 2 , 尹文竹 1 , 王海燕 1 , 张金秋 1 , 邓碧华 1 , 卢宇 1, 3 , 周明旭 1, 3, * , 马芳 1, 3, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(9): 3269-3281
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(9): 3269-3281
基于明尼苏达沙门氏菌Re595脂多糖低毒改造的外膜囊泡佐剂活性研究
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张嘉雯1, 2, 尹文竹1, 王海燕1, 张金秋1, 邓碧华1, 卢宇1, 3, 周明旭1, 3, * , 马芳1, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 江苏省农业科学院动物免疫工程研究所, 江苏省食品质量安全重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地, 国家兽用生物制品工程技术研究中心, 江苏 南京 210014
  • 2 南京农业大学 动物医学院, 江苏 南京 210095
  • 3 兽用生物制品(泰州)国泰技术创新中心, 江苏 泰州 225300
Adjuvant activity of outer membrane vesicles from Salmonella minnesota Re595 with lipopolysaccharides modified for attenuating toxicity
Jiawen ZHANG1, 2, Wenzhu YIN1, Haiyan WANG1, Jinqiu ZHANG1, Bihua DENG1, Yu LU1, 3, Mingxu ZHOU1, 3, * , Fang MA1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
  • 2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
  • 3 GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
出版时间: 2024-05-10 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240102
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【目的】外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles, OMVs)是由革兰氏阴性菌和某些革兰氏阳性菌生成和分泌的球形双层膜结构,含有丰富的细菌表面抗原,因此在疫苗相关领域具有重要的研究价值。脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)作为OMVs的主要结构,在诱导免疫活性的同时,也成为影响OMVs安全性的主要因素。因此,通过基因工程改造细菌LPS以生产安全高效的OMVs,是促进其生产应用的有效途径之一。【方法】以O抗原和大部分核心抗原缺失的明尼苏达沙门氏菌(Salmonella minnesota) Re595为研究对象,通过缺失酰基链编码基因msbB和导入新凶手弗朗西丝氏菌(Francisella novicida)磷酸酶基因lpxE,减少类脂A上的酰基链和磷酸基团,从而获得低毒LPS;提取亲本株与改造株LPS与OMVs,比较其刺激免疫细胞的炎性反应,以OMVs作为免疫增强剂制备口蹄疫灭活疫苗,评价免疫活性。【结果】Re595经LPS低毒改造成功降低该菌OMVs的内毒素活性和炎性反应,进一步评价亲本株Re595与低毒改造株的OMVs免疫活性发现,LPS低毒改造虽降低了OMVs的炎性反应,但其免疫增强活性显著提高。【结论】本研究说明LPS低毒改造后可降低细菌OMVs毒性,并提高其免疫增强活性,该结果将为OMVs作为免疫佐剂的应用提供理论依据。

外膜囊泡  /  免疫佐剂  /  脂多糖  /  内毒素活性  /  基因编辑

[Objective] Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical bilayer membrane structures secreted by Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria. OMVs contain abundant surface antigens and are of great research significance in vaccine development. However, the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which is the primary component of OMVs, arouses safety concern. Therefore, genetically modifying bacterial LPS to produce safe and efficient OMVs is a viable approach to enhance the production and application of OMVs. [Methods] We modified Salmonella minnesota Re595 with O antigen and most core antigen deletions by deleting the acyl chain coding gene msbB and inserting the phosphatase coding gene lpxE from Francisella novicida to reduce acyl chains and phosphate groups on lipid A, thus obtaining less toxic LPS. LPS and OMVs were extracted from the starting strain and modified strain, and their pro-inflammatory activities were compared between the two strains. In addition, inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccines were prepared with OMVs to assess the immune adjuvant activity of OMVs. [Results] The modification of LPS reduced the endotoxin activity and pro-inflammatory responses while significantly increasing the immune adjuvant activity of OMVs. [Conclusion] This study demonstrates that the modification of LPS can attenuate the toxicity and enhance the immune adjuvant activity of bacterial OMVs. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for utilizing OMVs as immune adjuvants in the future.

outer membrane vesicles  /  immune adjuvant  /  lipopolysaccharide  /  endotoxin activity  /  gene editing
张嘉雯, 尹文竹, 王海燕, 张金秋, 邓碧华, 卢宇, 周明旭, 马芳. 基于明尼苏达沙门氏菌Re595脂多糖低毒改造的外膜囊泡佐剂活性研究. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (9) : 3269 -3281 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240102
Jiawen ZHANG, Wenzhu YIN, Haiyan WANG, Jinqiu ZHANG, Bihua DENG, Yu LU, Mingxu ZHOU, Fang MA. Adjuvant activity of outer membrane vesicles from Salmonella minnesota Re595 with lipopolysaccharides modified for attenuating toxicity[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (9) : 3269 -3281 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240102
外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles, OMVs)是细菌特有的一种生理结构,革兰氏阴性菌的膜结构分为内膜(inner membrane, IM)层、外膜(outer membrane, OM)层和肽聚糖(peptidoglycan, PG)层,OM层和PG层两者间为周质间隙。IM和OM均由膜蛋白和磷脂组成,只有OM的外小叶含有脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)[1]。从OM中可以形成小突起,并成为细胞外囊泡OMVs,其直径在10−300 nm之间,由脂质、蛋白质、LPS、磷脂、脱氧核糖核酸(deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA)、核糖核酸(ribonucleic acid, RNA)等组成;OMVs中含有病原相关分子模式,能够刺激免疫系统,具有作为疫苗制剂、佐剂应用的潜力[2]。OMVs无活性,在体外不复制增殖且具有免疫原性,所以被认为是最具潜力的亚单位疫苗[3]。使用OMVs作为主要抗原成分的疫苗已上市,其中首先报道出来的是B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌疫苗;新西兰、挪威、古巴等国家针对当地流行株生产的单价疫苗和诺华(中国)生物医学研究有限公司研发的多价B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌疫苗均使用OMVs作为主要抗原或者主要抗原之一,B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌OMVs疫苗的保护率为83%−85%,并通过了Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期临床研究[4]。在临床研究中,为婴儿接种4剂多组分B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌OMVs疫苗,为青少年接种2剂多组分B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌OMVs疫苗都很好地预防了脑膜炎奈瑟菌感染[5]。这些疫苗的成功上市与推广表明,OMVs在B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌疫苗领域已得到了广泛的应用。OMVs发挥佐剂活性主要通过其组分如LPS、鞭毛、核酸等均为病原体相关分子模式(pathogen associated molecular pattern, PAMP),可被模式识别受体如Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors, TLRs)识别并刺激抗原提呈细胞[6]。OMVs在其他疫苗未被广泛应用,主要原因是其携带了一些毒力因子如LPS,LPS能导致机体发炎,严重时会导致败血性休克,OMVs应用于疫苗时,降低OMVs的致炎性至关重要。因此在OMVs疫苗研发早期,常使用去污剂(如脱氧胆酸钠)处理OMVs,以减少LPS的含量[7]
LPS是革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁外壁的组成成分,又被称为内毒素,表现出较强的毒性作用,但LPS可激活T细胞和B细胞,对体液免疫和细胞免疫均具有佐剂作用[8]。LPS由3个部分构成,包括O-特异性侧链、核心多糖和类脂A[9]。LPS中的类脂A结构是其发挥佐剂效应的主要成分,可以被宿主体内免疫细胞(如单核细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和树突状细胞)上的病原体识别受体TLR4识别,为TLR4激动剂[10]。在酸性条件下,类脂A水解掉一个磷酸基团获得单磷酰脂质A (monophosphoryl lipid A, MLA),该复合物保持了类脂A的免疫刺激活性并降低了毒性作用,已商品化的佐剂AS04是一种结合铝盐和MPLTM (Corixa公司)的佐剂系统,可诱导短暂的局部固有免疫,从而增强适应性免疫[11]
基于OMVs的疫苗领域存在诸多挑战,如OMVs产量低和LPS所致的潜在内毒素效应等。然而,随着研究的深入,如今已有许多解决方案,如使用乙二胺四乙酸(ethylene diamine tetraacetie acid, EDTA)萃取以增加囊泡产量或通过基因改造既增加产量又减少LPS。目前,金黄色葡萄球菌、结核分枝杆菌的OMVs疫苗处于研发阶段,霍乱弧菌和幽门螺杆菌的OMVs疫苗已经处于研发后期[12-13]。OMVs作为细菌疫苗研究比较多,近年来发现OMVs具有较好的佐剂效力,同时可以插入外源抗原,因此作为佐剂和载体具有广泛的应用前景。
猪口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus, FMDV)作为免疫评价抗原,商品化口蹄疫疫苗主要以灭活疫苗为主,存在免疫效力参差不齐、成本高等问题,亟需新的佐剂提升口蹄疫灭活疫苗的效果。本研究中以商品化MPLTM来源菌株明尼苏达沙门氏菌(Salmonella minnesota) Re595为研究对象,以商品化MPLTM结构为参考,通过同源重组技术将Re595 LPS的类脂A上一条酰基链编码基因msbB缺失达到LPS减毒作用,从而提高OMV的安全性。同时,导入携带新凶手弗朗西斯氏菌(Francisella novicida)的lpxE基因的质粒,该基因编码的磷酸酶可以选择性地降解类脂A分子C1位上的磷酸基团,使LPS成为MLA,进一步降低LPS毒性、提高OMV的佐剂活性。本研究还利用灭活口蹄疫抗原,通过小鼠模型检测了低毒改造菌OMV的佐剂活性,研究结果将为进一步提高现有猪口蹄疫疫苗的免疫效果,和以OMV作为免疫佐剂或载体疫苗应用提供重要的参考。
明尼苏达沙门氏菌Re595,pKD3、pKD4、pCP20质粒均由本实验室保存;F. novicida基因组DNA由中国农业大学苏敬良教授惠赠;pSTV28质粒购自TaKaRa公司;巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞(ATCC® TIB71)购自美国菌种保藏中心(American Type Culture Collection, ATCC),该细胞培养在含有10%胎牛血清的Dulbecco改良的Eagle培养基(Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium, DMEM)中。
无特殊病原菌癌症研究所(Institute for Cancer Research, ICR)雌性小鼠购自扬州大学实验动物中心,所有动物实验在中国动物保护委员会的指导方针政策和江苏省农业科学院福利委员会规定(SYXK(苏)2020-0024)的原则指导下进行。小鼠在标准实验室条件下饲养,以干木屑作为垫料,每2天更换1次保持垫料的干燥和清洁,小鼠可自由摄取食物和水。
根据GenBank上发布的Re595菌株的msbB基因,利用引物P1和P2 (表1),以pKD3为模板PCR获得含有msbB基因序列上、下游同源臂与氯霉素(chloramphenicol, Cm)抗性cat基因的重组DNA产物,并通过胶回收获得纯化的DNA片段。
将过夜培养的细菌以1:100转接于100 mL新鲜的LB液体培养基中,37 ℃、180 r/min振荡培养至OD600达到0.6−0.8。将培养物冰浴30 min,冰浴结束后,4 ℃、4 000 r/min离心10 min,弃上清,用预冷的10%甘油洗涤3次,充分洗净菌体,用10%甘油重悬,分装为100 μL/管。
将pKD46质粒与感受态细胞充分混合后,将混合物加入0.1 cm电击杯(Bio-Rad公司)中,设置电压1.8 kV、脉冲25 μF、电阻200 Ω的参数进行电转化,将电转化产物加入1 mL LB液体培养基,30 ℃、180 r/min振荡培养1 h后离心收集菌体,涂布于含100 μg/mL氨苄青霉素(ampicillin, Amp)的LB平板上,30 ℃静置培养过夜,次日挑取阳性克隆菌落为Re595+pKD46,并按照1.3步骤制备感受态细胞。
将1.2中制备的同源重组DNA片段与Re595+pKD46感受态细胞充分混合,按照1.4电转化步骤将同源重组DNA片段导入含pKD46质粒的Re595中,30 ℃、180 r/min振荡1 h后收集菌体,涂布含有100 μg/mL Amp和34 μg/mL Cm的LB平板上,30 ℃静置培养过夜。
挑取1.5平板上的单菌落,于30 ℃、180 r/min培养2 h,以菌液作为模板,利用引物P3和P4进行PCR并对其产物进行测序,鉴定msbB目的片段是否被cat基因片段替换。将测序正确的菌株置于42 ℃、180 r/min培养12 h,pKD46为温敏型质粒,在高温条件下不能复制而被移除。将菌液倍比稀释涂布于LB固体培养基上,37 ℃静置培养过夜,挑取单菌落于LB液体培养基中培养至对数期,取部分菌液至含有50 μg/mL Amp的LB固体培养基上,于30 ℃静置培养验证pKD46质粒是否移除。
将1.6中获得的移除pKD46的菌株作为受体菌株并通过电转化导入pCP20质粒。将电转化产物涂布于含Amp和Cm双抗性的LB平板,在30 ℃培养箱中培养过夜,挑取单菌落于30 ℃、180 r/min培养2 h,以其菌液作为模板,利用引物P3和P4进行PCR并对其产物进行测序。测序正确的菌株置于无抗的LB液体培养基中,42 ℃、180 r/min培养12 h,pCP20质粒为温敏型质粒,在高温条件下不能复制而被移除,获得msbB基因缺失突变菌株为ΔmsbB
F. novicida基因组DNA为模板,用引物P5和P6通过PCR扩增两端分别带有EcoR I和Hind Ⅲ酶切位点的lpxE片段。利用胶回收lpxE片段并测序。将lpxE片段与表达载体pSTV28分别用限制性内切酶EcoR I和Hind Ⅲ于37 ℃作用2 h,通过胶回收纯化酶切后的lpxE片段与pSTV28载体片段。利用T4连接酶将lpxE与pSTV28载体片段置于16 ℃连接1 h。连接片段采用CaCl2化学转化法转化入大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞中,37 ℃、180 r/min孵育1 h,收集菌体涂布含有Amp的LB平板上,置于37 ℃培养过夜。挑取单菌落于37 ℃、180 r/min培养2 h,以其菌液作为模板,用引物P5和P6通过PCR鉴定pSTV28-lpxE表达质粒构建是否成功。
制备ΔmsbB电转化感受态细胞,将1.8中pSTV28-lpxE表达质粒电转化导入ΔmsbB中,将电转化产物涂布于含Amp的LB平板上,在37 ℃培养过夜,挑取单菌落于LB液体培养基中37 ℃、180 r/min培养2 h,以其菌液作为模板,利用引物P5和P6检测ΔmsbB中是否成功导入pSTV28-lpxE表达质粒。
将过夜培养的Re595与Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE菌株转接于500 mL LB液体培养基中,37 ℃、180 r/min振荡培养,当Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE菌株OD600达到0.6时加入IPTG,继续培养6 h后,6 000 r/min离心30 min,弃掉上清,收集菌体沉淀,加入50 mL无菌ddH2O重悬菌体。在低温条件下用高压均质细胞破碎仪以压力为1 000 Pa处理细菌悬液至清透状态。将上述菌液与等体积90% (体积分数)苯酚溶液68 ℃上下振荡混合30 min,冰上冷却15 min。将混合液于4 ℃、3 000 r/min离心30 min,收集上层水相。将水相移至透析袋中,在ddH2O中充分透析48 h以去除苯酚。将透析袋中的LPS冻干,得到LPS粗提的样品。
将LPS粗提的样品溶于9 mL的ddH2O,加入1 mL 10×反应缓冲液(100 mmol/L Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50 mmol/L MgCl2, 1 mmol/L CaCl2),加终浓度为100 μg/mL的DNase Ⅰ和50 μg/mL的RNase A,37 ℃孵育过夜。处理后LPS溶液中加入终浓度为100 μg/mL的蛋白酶K,55 ℃作用2 h后置于98 ℃金属浴作用10 min灭活酶。混合溶液中加入2倍体积的丙酮,立即有白色絮状LPS析出,4 ℃静置过夜。将此混合溶液以5 000 r/min离心10 min,去除上清,将沉淀在通风橱中充分风干,加入10 mL无菌ddH2O复溶,冻干,称重,加入无菌ddH2O复溶,配制1 mg/mL的LPS纯品。分别用BCA检测试剂盒、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、苯酚硫酸法检测其蛋白、核酸和多糖含量。
用1 L LB液体培养基培养Re595和Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE菌株至OD600为0.6时加入IPTG,继续培养6 h后,6 000 r/min离心50 min,收集上清并过滤,利用超滤浓缩法提取OMVs。过滤后的上清用截留相对分子质量100 kDa的膜浓缩,超滤后的液体用0.22 μm过滤除菌,利用BCA法定量OMVs。分别用Zeta电位仪检测OMVs的粒径。将提取的OMVs悬液滴加到碳包覆铜网上,滴加2%醋酸双氧铀,PBS漂洗3遍,室温干燥,利用生物透射电镜(transmission electron microscope, TEM)检测OMVs形态。
RAW264.7细胞用DMEM高糖培养基加10%胎牛血清,37 ℃、5% CO2培养。待细胞生长至25 cm2细胞培养瓶底部表面积90%时,弃去细胞培养瓶中的培养液,用2 mL细胞培养液吹打细胞20−30次,吹散成单个细胞,补充10 mL细胞培养液,吹匀后,铺至24孔板,500 μL/孔(约1.9×105细胞/孔)。分别用1 ng/mL Re595和Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE的LPS或1 000、500、100、10 ng/mL的OMVs刺激细胞,对照组加入500 μL的DMEM,孵育12 h。细胞用PBS洗3次,加入500 μL/孔TRIzol试剂裂解细胞,收集至RNase-free EP管,向裂解液中加入200 μL体积RNase-free Water,上下颠倒EP管,混匀后室温静置5 min,12 000×g室温离心15 min,离心后吸取上层水相至一个新的RNase-free离心管中,加入等体积异丙醇,上下颠倒混匀,室温静置10 min,12 000×g室温离心10 min,沉淀用75%乙醇洗3次,室温放置2−3 min晾干,加入50 μL RNase-free Water溶解RNA沉淀,用NanoDrop 2000核酸蛋白微量定量仪测定产物浓度与纯度。利用反转录试剂盒(南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司)将RNA反转录为cDNA。以cDNA为模板,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF)-α、白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-1β的mRNA的表达水平。
猪FMDV灭活抗原由金宇集团提供,FMDV抗原、FMDV抗原+亲本株OMVs、FMDV抗原+改造株OMVs 3组与Montanide ISA206佐剂(Seppic公司)以质量比1:1充分混匀乳化配置为疫苗,其中3组FMDV抗原的免疫量为24 μg/只[14],2组添加OMVs的疫苗中,OMVs的免疫量为3.4 μg/只。小鼠经颈背部皮下免疫200 µL/只,14 d后加强免疫1次。分别于初免1周、2周、4周收集小鼠血清,按照口蹄疫O型抗体液相阻断酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay, ELISA)检测试剂盒(中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所)说明书,将倍比稀释的待检血清、阴阳性血清和抗原分别37 ℃温育90 min后,转移至试剂盒中包被口蹄疫O型兔抗的ELISA板上,37 ℃温育90 min,完全清洗拍干后加入O型豚鼠抗体工作液,37 ℃温育30 min,利用试剂盒中兔抗豚鼠IgG-HRP工作液和TMB显色液进行显色,加入终止液后使用酶标仪检测OD450值,根据试剂盒要求判定其抗体阴阳性并计算抗体效价。
采用GraphPad Prism 5软件进行绘图和数据分析,试验结果以平均值±标准偏差表示。两组之间通过Student’s t检验进行比较,P < 0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
采用引物P1和P2,以pKD3质粒为模板,PCR获得含有氯霉素基因的同源重组片段(图1A),对照亲本株Re595扩增片段为1 030 bp,一次同源重组菌为1 070 bp,经测序鉴定msbB目的片段被Cm抗性片段cat替换,命名为Re595 ΔmsbB: : cat。将温敏型质粒pCP20导入Re595 ΔmsbB: : cat菌株,利用引物P3和P4进行PCR,鉴定cat基因片段被pCP20表达的Flp重组酶切除,获得无抗性的基因缺失株ΔmsbB,同源臂为120 bp (图1B)。将表达F. novicida单磷酸水解酶lpxE基因的质粒pSTV28-lpxE电转化导入ΔmsbB中,利用引物P5和P6 PCR检测发现,ΔmsbB中成功导入pSTV28-lpxE表达质粒(图1C)。通过基因编辑技术获得改造菌株ΔmsbB-lpxE,其产生的LPS缺失msbB基因编码的一条酰基链,且1-磷酸基团被lpxE基因编码的单磷酸水解酶水解(图1D)。研究结果说明利用基因编辑技术可对明尼苏达沙门氏菌Re595 LPS中类脂A结构改造,通过λ-Red同源重组的方法缺失酰基链合成基因msbB,导入编码磷酸酶lpxE基因,水解掉类脂A的1-磷酸基团。
从Re595及Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE改造菌株提取的LPS经纯化后用于刺激小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞,通过实时荧光定量PCR测定细胞被刺激后炎性细胞因子TNF-α和IL-1β的转录水平,研究结果发现与亲本株明尼苏达沙门氏菌Re595相比,Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE菌株的MLA诱导RAW264.7表达IL-1β和TNF-α mRNA水平显著降低(图2)。该研究结果提示在基因水平改造LPS为MLA是降低其毒性的有效措施,LPS为OMV的主要成分之一,因此低毒改造LPS也为OMV的应用发展提供了理论基础。
提取亲本株OMVs悬液进行负染电镜观察,发现电镜下OMVs具有典型的膜泡结构,完整性好,并且OMVs大小不均一(图3A)。进一步通过Zeta电位仪检测OMVs粒径分布发现,亲本株明尼苏达沙门氏菌Re595的OMVs粒径峰值为24.58 nm的比例为16.5%,峰值为149.90 nm的OMVs的比例为83.5%,平均粒径为182.20 nm;LPS低毒改造株Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE OMVs粒径峰值为20.11 nm的比例为6.0%,粒径峰值为152.00 nm的OMVs比例为94.0%,平均粒径为122.27 nm (图3B)。明尼苏达沙门氏菌Re595分泌OMVs为完整囊泡状结构,大小不均一,粒径分布在10.00−500.00 nm,作为纳米囊泡具有广泛的应用前景。
分别提取亲本株Re595和LPS低毒改造株Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE的OMVs,分别利用BCA蛋白定量试剂盒(南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司)和内毒素微板定量试剂盒(湛江安度斯生物有限公司)定量OMVs中蛋白和内毒素的含量,如图4所示,亲本株Re595提取的OMVs中内毒素的含量为14.980 EU/mg蛋白,而LPS低毒改造的Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE菌株的OMVs中的内毒素含量为1.122 EU/mg蛋白,改造后OMVs的内毒素活性显著下降。研究结果表明通过对LPS类脂A结构的改造降低了OMVs中内毒素含量,为提高OMVs应用的安全性提供了有效途径。
用OMVs刺激小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7 12 h后收集细胞RNA,通过实时荧光定量PCR测定细胞炎性因子的转录水平。如图5所示,Re595改造株ΔmsbB-lpxE诱导细胞的IL-1β和TNF-α的mRNA显著低于亲本株Re595。该研究结果与LPS诱导RAW264.7炎性因子mRNA表达结果一致,说明将细菌LPS低毒改造为MLA后OMV导致细胞炎性因子水平显著下降,降低细胞毒性。
FDMV分别与亲本株Re595及LPS低毒改造菌株Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE的OMVs混合,进而与ISA206佐剂乳化制备稳定的疫苗,其中FDMV与ISA206佐剂乳化所得稳定溶液作为阳性对照。利用中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所生产的FDMV O型抗体液相阻断ELISA检测试剂盒检测免疫小鼠血清的抗体效价,如图6所示,在免疫后LPS低毒改造菌株的OMVs显著提高小鼠血清口蹄疫特异性抗体水平,而亲本株Re595的OMVs诱导小鼠体液免疫水平与ISA206阳性对照相当。在免疫后第1周,Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE的OMVs可显著诱导口蹄疫特异性抗体产生,说明OMVs具有免疫增强活性,可在免疫早期提高体液免疫水平。
OMVs主要由革兰氏阴性菌及少量革兰氏阳性菌产生的球形的双层纳米结构[15]。OMVs的直径在10−300 nm之间,由脂质、蛋白质、LPS、磷脂、DNA、RNA等组成[1]。研究发现OMVs作为细菌疫苗、疫苗佐剂、药物载体等具有应用前景,在古巴等拉美国家广泛使用的B群和C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌疫苗VA-MENGOC-BC为基于OMVs主要成分的疫苗,以OMVs为基础的疫苗研发具有巨大潜力[16-17]
OMVs的天然成分包括各种TLRs激活剂,如鞭毛、LPS等具有免疫增强效应,使OMVs具有佐剂特性。1998年Haneberg等首次提出将OMVs作为脑膜炎球菌病鼻疫苗的载体和佐剂[18]。然而,OMVs存在毒性高等问题限制其应用发展[19]。MLA是一种高效免疫增强剂,是细菌LPS的类脂A水解掉1-磷酸(或1-焦磷酸)形成的脱毒产物。目前在美国已实现商品化的MPLTM是明尼苏达沙门氏菌Re595的LPS经过一系列复杂的化学处理制备的缺少C1位磷酸和C3位十四碳酰基链的MLA产物,能激活TLR4-TRAM-TRIF信号转导途径,而不能激活TLR4-Mal-MyD88信号转导途径,其毒性较LPS下降到原来的千分之一;MPLTM与铝胶佐剂联合,已批准用于乙肝疫苗和宫颈癌疫苗,提示MPLTM结构在应用中的安全性[20]。类脂A磷酸基团的个数是影响LPS毒性的关键因素之一,沙门氏菌减毒活疫苗的开发是利用F. novicidalpxE产生的类脂A缺少1-磷酸,使其在小鼠中的毒力降低了5个数量级[21]。本研究在明尼苏达沙门氏菌中导入F. novicidalpxE基因,可在细菌生长过程中水解LPS类脂A的1-磷酸基团。大肠杆菌K12和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌msbB基因缺失株表现出诱导免疫细胞活性或毒性降低的表型[22]。Lee等为获得低毒性的OMVs构建了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌msbB基因缺失株,并发现其具有作为外源抗原疫苗载体的潜力[23]。本研究中以商品化的MPLTM结构为依据,在基因水平上对LPS类脂A结构进行低毒改造,以生产低毒安全的OMVs,比较Re595和Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE提取的LPS与MLA诱导小鼠巨噬细胞炎性因子IL-1β、TNF-α转录水平,发现Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE菌株的MLA诱导RAW264.7表达IL-1β和TNF-α转录水平显著降低,进一步提取亲本株Re595和改造株Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE的OMVs并对其内毒素活性定量研究,发现每毫克OMVs蛋白中的内毒素含量显著下降,并且改造株Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE的OMVs诱导RAM264.7炎性因子转录水平显著降低,以上研究结果均说明通过对细菌合成LPS相关基因进行改造可获得减毒OMVs,为OMVs的应用提供基础。
敲除lpxL1基因的脑膜炎球菌制成的OMVs疫苗处于I期试验阶段,该OMVs刺激炎性因子水平低于亲本株OMVs,但其免疫原性显著高于亲本株OMVs,说明通过基因编辑改变细菌LPS结构,降低LPS毒力并不影响OMVs的免疫活性[19]。亲本株Re595的OMVs对ISA206的免疫效果无增强作用,而提取改造株Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE的OMVs对ISA206的免疫效果具有显著增强作用,并且在初次免疫早期可有效增强针对口蹄疫病毒的特异性抗体产生,这可能由于Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE的OMVs中病原相关分子模式有效地激活适量的先天性免疫反应并通过先天性免疫反应通过树突状细胞调控适应性免疫[24-25]。其中TLRs激活的炎症反应可控制多种树突状细胞的功能和适应性免疫反应的启动[26]。将LPS改造为低毒性MLA,进而促进OMVs的免疫增强活性可能与TLR4激活信号相关,但其相关的树突状细胞、信号分子等仍需要进一步地研究。灭活抗原初次进入体内时会有一段潜伏期,在此期间产生浆细胞并合成和分泌抗体,然而,抗体的含量可能较低。因此初次免疫时缩短抗体产生时间,提高抗体水平在疾病防控中具有重要的意义。
本研究中以商品化MPLTM的来源菌株为研究对象,在基因水平上对LPS的结构进行改造,获得缺失一条脂肪酸链的单磷酸MLA。进一步通过细胞试验发现,Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE突变株的MLA与OMVs诱导炎性因子转录水平降低,其OMVs诱导炎性因子产生水平降低可能与其下降的内毒素活性相关。虽然Re595 ΔmsbB-lpxE的OMVs诱导炎性反应能力下降,但其免疫增强活性显著增强,以上研究结果说明在基因水平上低毒改造LPS是获得安全高效的OMVs的有效途径之一,为OMVs在口蹄疫等疫苗的提质增效应用上提供理论依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(31902243)
  • 江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX(22)3030)
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240102
  • 接收时间:2024-02-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-15
  • 录用日期:2024-04-19
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902243)
国家自然科学基金(31902243)
Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province(CX(22)3030)
江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX(22)3030)
作者信息
    1 江苏省农业科学院动物免疫工程研究所, 江苏省食品质量安全重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地, 国家兽用生物制品工程技术研究中心, 江苏 南京 210014
    2 南京农业大学 动物医学院, 江苏 南京 210095
    3 兽用生物制品(泰州)国泰技术创新中心, 江苏 泰州 225300

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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