Article(id=1241451299225522660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241451293068284204, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240090, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1706803200000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1714233600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-28, onlineDate=1773914654785, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1714924800000, pubDateStr=2024-05-06, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773914654785, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773914654785, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773914654785, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241451293068284204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='8', pageStart='2591', pageEnd='3085', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773914653317, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773919071204, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241469823079731774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241451293068284204, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241469823079731775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241451293068284204, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3047, endPage=3058, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241451299779170835, articleId=1241451299225522660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Ceriporia lacerata mobilizes soil nitrogen and phosphorus to promote the growth of leguminous crops, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To use microorganisms to mobilize unavailable nutrients in soil for the utilization by leguminous crops and the sustainable and long-term utilization of soil resources. [Methods] Microbial culture and micro-plot experiments were carried out with Ceriporia lacerata HG2011, a new isolate of white-rot fungus, to investigate the fungal secretion, soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) mobilization, and influences on the nutrient uptake, growth, and yields of Vigna radiata and Vicia villosa. [Results] C. lacerata released cellulase, chitinase, β-l,3-glucanase, protease, phosphatase, and siderophore, and dissolved Ca3(PO4)2 in pure culture. After being inoculated on the soil surface, this fungus formed colonies, with some mycelia extending into the soil, which decrease soil pH but increase the content of NH4+-N, alkali-hydrolyzed N, water-soluble P and Olsen P, and the activities of protease and phosphatase. In general, C. lacerata inoculation improved soil N and P supplies, enhanced root activity, and promoted root growth, nodule formation and development, thus increasing the nutrient uptake, grain yield of V. radiata, and biomass of V. villosa. [Conclusion] C. lacerata dwelling in soil mobilized soil N and P to increase fertilizer use efficiency and promote crop growth. C. lacerata can be cultured with sawdust, straw, husk and other organic agricultural and forestry wastes, with low production costs. This study provides a new strategy for mobilizing soil nutrients, promoting the growth of leguminous crops such as V. radiata and V. villosa, and benefiting the conservation and sustainable use of cultivated lands.

, correspAuthors=Hongjun YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*YANG Hongjun, E-mail:
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【目的】利用微生物活化土壤中的原本无效养分种植豆科作物,有益于土地资源的长期可持续利用。【方法】利用自主分离的白腐真菌撕裂蜡孔菌新株(Ceriporia lacerata) HG2011,通过培养和田间微区试验,研究C. lacerata的分泌作用、土壤氮磷活化以及对绿豆和光叶紫花苕养分吸收、生长和产量的影响。【结果】C. lacerata能分泌纤维素酶、几丁质酶、β-l,3-葡聚糖酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶和铁载体,溶解Ca3(PO4)2;在土壤表面,C. lacerata形成菌落,其菌丝伸入土壤,降低土壤pH,提高有效氮磷含量,进而增强蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性;接种C. lacerata改善了土壤氮磷供应能力,增强根系活力,促进根系生长、根瘤形成和发育,提高作物养分积累量,增加绿豆籽粒产量和苕子生物量。【结论】C. lacerata能在土壤中定殖,活化土壤氮磷,提高肥料利用率,促进绿豆和苕子生长。C. lacerata以木屑、秸秆和谷壳等农林有机废弃物为基质,容易培养,菌剂生产成本低廉。本研究为活化土壤养分,促进绿豆和苕子等豆科作物生长,保育耕地提供了新策略。

, correspAuthors=杨红军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=C7Kh5earrnii+II92mZ2vw==, magXml=1vDIaKiOU+EDbg9a6mQ5vA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xl6bpA47O6HLoVhqdFR1hw==, pdfFileSize=637159, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=axinLr/df5kWBDiE2+/5Lg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=/R1FLICF41KfevuoFfKxlA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=宁诗琪, 隋宗明, 袁玲, 杨红军)}, authors=[Author(id=1242193056716386457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299225522660, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, 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Two-factor ANOVA and Duncan's method were used for multiple comparison of data in the figure, and different letters indicated significant differences, P≤0.05. CK: Control, no fertilization and no bacteria; CL: Inoculation with C. lacerata; CF: Fertilization; CF+CL: Fertilization+inoculation with C. lacerate., figureFileSmall=ZZtp+1wD8GQTDvc6aa2vmQ==, figureFileBig=c8NvmqJAD/R577DgoDYv4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193060210241971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299225522660, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Ceriporia lacerata HG2011对作物产量和生物量的影响, figureFileSmall=ZZtp+1wD8GQTDvc6aa2vmQ==, figureFileBig=c8NvmqJAD/R577DgoDYv4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193060331876798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299225522660, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Available nutrients and enzyme activities in the soil with and without Ceriporia lacerata HG2011 inoculation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatments
pH碱解氮
NaOH-hydrolyzed N (mg/kg)
铵态氮
NH4+-N (mg/kg)
水溶性磷
H2O-soluble P (mg/kg)
有效磷
Olsen P (mg/kg)
有效钾
Available K (mg/kg)
磷酸酶
Phosphatase (μg pNP/(g·h))
蛋白酶
Protease (μg Cs/(g·d))
The data in the table were statistically analyzed using an independent couple sample t-test. − indicates that no enzyme activity is detected in the each column; * indicates significant difference (P≤0.05).
对照CK
Without inoculation
6.97±0.04164.06±7.3227.18±0.6415.42±0.8939.58±1.79204.30±4.08
接种CL
With inoculation CL
6.37±0.01187.78±10.7331.34±0.3117.35±0.4044.01±1.34220.2±1.725.59±0.4623.88±1.79
显著水平
Significant levels
********
), ArticleFig(id=1242193060529009106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299225522660, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

接种Ceriporia lacerata HG2011后土壤有效养分含量及酶活性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatments
pH碱解氮
NaOH-hydrolyzed N (mg/kg)
铵态氮
NH4+-N (mg/kg)
水溶性磷
H2O-soluble P (mg/kg)
有效磷
Olsen P (mg/kg)
有效钾
Available K (mg/kg)
磷酸酶
Phosphatase (μg pNP/(g·h))
蛋白酶
Protease (μg Cs/(g·d))
The data in the table were statistically analyzed using an independent couple sample t-test. − indicates that no enzyme activity is detected in the each column; * indicates significant difference (P≤0.05).
对照CK
Without inoculation
6.97±0.04164.06±7.3227.18±0.6415.42±0.8939.58±1.79204.30±4.08
接种CL
With inoculation CL
6.37±0.01187.78±10.7331.34±0.3117.35±0.4044.01±1.34220.2±1.725.59±0.4623.88±1.79
显著水平
Significant levels
********
), ArticleFig(id=1242193060680004062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299225522660, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Available nutrients in the soil at crop harvest

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作物
Crops
处理
Treatments
碱解氮
NaOH-hydrolyzed N (mg/kg)
铵态氮
NH4+-N (mg/kg)
水溶性磷
Water soluble P (mg/kg)
有效磷
Olsen P (mg/kg)
有效钾
Available K (mg/kg)
The data in the table are statistically analyzed using two-way variance and multiple comparisons are performed using Duncan’s test. For each crop, the data in each column followed by different small letters are significantly different (P≤0.05).
绿豆
Vigna radiata
对照CK59.14±3.39a3.33±0.86c7.78±0.35c13.46±1.61b251.6±10.50a
C. lacerata (CL)59.13±3.39a3.97±0.34bc8.86±0.80c17.27±1.95b250.1±10.58a
常规施肥CF65.05±2.56a4.79±0.46ab11.83±1.10b32.94±2.29a269.4±16.17a
常规施肥+C. lacerata
CF+CL
64.31±3.85a5.71±0.77a15.04±2.07a35.21±2.13a261.1±3.01a
苕子
Vicia villosa
对照CK128.5±3.73b6.05±0.38c3.47±0.37d23.75±3.33c186.3±13.85a
C. lacerata (CL)127.5±2.57b8.98±0.59a8.01±1.28c40.78±6.62b186.6±6.75a
常规施肥CF147.3±7.31a7.21±0.51b14.33±2.33b62.23±4.92a189.2±15.07a
常规施肥+C. lacerata
CF+CL
143.8±2.57a7.74±0.02b18.09±2.40a71.55±10.37a189.5±9.47a
), ArticleFig(id=1242193060810027502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299225522660, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

作物收获时土壤有效养分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作物
Crops
处理
Treatments
碱解氮
NaOH-hydrolyzed N (mg/kg)
铵态氮
NH4+-N (mg/kg)
水溶性磷
Water soluble P (mg/kg)
有效磷
Olsen P (mg/kg)
有效钾
Available K (mg/kg)
The data in the table are statistically analyzed using two-way variance and multiple comparisons are performed using Duncan’s test. For each crop, the data in each column followed by different small letters are significantly different (P≤0.05).
绿豆
Vigna radiata
对照CK59.14±3.39a3.33±0.86c7.78±0.35c13.46±1.61b251.6±10.50a
C. lacerata (CL)59.13±3.39a3.97±0.34bc8.86±0.80c17.27±1.95b250.1±10.58a
常规施肥CF65.05±2.56a4.79±0.46ab11.83±1.10b32.94±2.29a269.4±16.17a
常规施肥+C. lacerata
CF+CL
64.31±3.85a5.71±0.77a15.04±2.07a35.21±2.13a261.1±3.01a
苕子
Vicia villosa
对照CK128.5±3.73b6.05±0.38c3.47±0.37d23.75±3.33c186.3±13.85a
C. lacerata (CL)127.5±2.57b8.98±0.59a8.01±1.28c40.78±6.62b186.6±6.75a
常规施肥CF147.3±7.31a7.21±0.51b14.33±2.33b62.23±4.92a189.2±15.07a
常规施肥+C. lacerata
CF+CL
143.8±2.57a7.74±0.02b18.09±2.40a71.55±10.37a189.5±9.47a
), ArticleFig(id=1242193060914885113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299225522660, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Crop nutrient content and accumulation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作物
Crops
处理
Treatments
含量Contents (%)吸收量Uptake (kg/hm2)
NPKNPK
The data in the table are statistically analyzed using two-way variance and multiple comparisons are performed using Duncan’s test. For each crop, the data in each column followed by different small letters are significantly different (P≤0.05).
绿豆
Vigna radiata
对照(CK)1.60±0.20a2.34±0.32c0.38±0.05a119.85±28.66b174.22±39.31bc27.60±2.13c
C. lacerata (CL)1.42±0.34a2.50±0.46bc0.41±0.04a127.54±13.1ab225.91±56.24abc36.65±3.80b
常规施肥(CF)1.44±0.11a2.76±0.03a0.39±0.02a143.56±30.58ab273.44±46.83ab38.56±4.91ab
常规施肥+C. lacerate
(CF+CL)
1.46±0.33a2.63±0.44ab0.36±0.03a173.09±16.95a315.89±77.84a43.15±7.66a
苕子
Vicia villosa
对照(CK)2.61±0.33a0.32±0.02b1.69±0.12a103.17±9.54b12.71±1.01c67.04±3.98b
C. lacerata (CL)3.08±0.06a0.43±0.04a1.75±0.10a119.24±5.12b16.71±1.29b67.73±3.88b
常规施肥(CF)2.85±0.39a0.36±0.03b1.68±0.05a124.61±15.07b16.04±0.92b73.70±3.23b
常规施肥+C. lacerate
(CF+CL)
2.81±0.01a0.42±0.02a1.72±0.06a150.48±14.77a22.63±1.57a92.33±9.97a
), ArticleFig(id=1242193061032325639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299225522660, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

植株养分含量与积累量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作物
Crops
处理
Treatments
含量Contents (%)吸收量Uptake (kg/hm2)
NPKNPK
The data in the table are statistically analyzed using two-way variance and multiple comparisons are performed using Duncan’s test. For each crop, the data in each column followed by different small letters are significantly different (P≤0.05).
绿豆
Vigna radiata
对照(CK)1.60±0.20a2.34±0.32c0.38±0.05a119.85±28.66b174.22±39.31bc27.60±2.13c
C. lacerata (CL)1.42±0.34a2.50±0.46bc0.41±0.04a127.54±13.1ab225.91±56.24abc36.65±3.80b
常规施肥(CF)1.44±0.11a2.76±0.03a0.39±0.02a143.56±30.58ab273.44±46.83ab38.56±4.91ab
常规施肥+C. lacerate
(CF+CL)
1.46±0.33a2.63±0.44ab0.36±0.03a173.09±16.95a315.89±77.84a43.15±7.66a
苕子
Vicia villosa
对照(CK)2.61±0.33a0.32±0.02b1.69±0.12a103.17±9.54b12.71±1.01c67.04±3.98b
C. lacerata (CL)3.08±0.06a0.43±0.04a1.75±0.10a119.24±5.12b16.71±1.29b67.73±3.88b
常规施肥(CF)2.85±0.39a0.36±0.03b1.68±0.05a124.61±15.07b16.04±0.92b73.70±3.23b
常规施肥+C. lacerate
(CF+CL)
2.81±0.01a0.42±0.02a1.72±0.06a150.48±14.77a22.63±1.57a92.33±9.97a
), ArticleFig(id=1242193061145571861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299225522660, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Crop nodulation characters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作物
Crops
处理
Treatments
最大根长
Maximum root length (cm)
根系活力
Root vigor (mg TTC/(g·h))
根瘤数量
Nodule numbers
根瘤鲜重
Nodule fresh weight (g/plant)
The data in the table are statistically analyzed using two-way variance and multiple comparisons are performed using Duncan’s test. For each crop, the data in each column followed by different small letters are significantly different (P≤0.05).
绿豆
Vigna radiata
对照(CK)21.02±1.15c61.70±2.53b46±5c0.53±0.02c
C. lacerate (CL)23.39±1.33ab63.83±3.38b53±1bc0.69±0.03ab
常规施肥(CF)22.25±0.90bc73.72±2.57a59±6b0.65±0.04b
常规施肥+C. lacerata (CF+CL)24.59±0.31a77.15±1.01a62±4a0.71±0.04a
苕子
Vicia villosa
对照(CK)14.73±0.53c20.17±1.73b72±5b0.66±0.07c
C. lacerata (CL)16.88±0.73b20.02±3.84b79±4b0.72±0.09c
常规施肥(CF)18.87±0.40a21.75±3.31b96±6a0.86±0.02b
常规施肥+C. lacerata (CF+CL)19.91±1.69a33.32±6.95a97±5a0.97±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1242193061237846561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299225522660, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

作物结瘤性状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作物
Crops
处理
Treatments
最大根长
Maximum root length (cm)
根系活力
Root vigor (mg TTC/(g·h))
根瘤数量
Nodule numbers
根瘤鲜重
Nodule fresh weight (g/plant)
The data in the table are statistically analyzed using two-way variance and multiple comparisons are performed using Duncan’s test. For each crop, the data in each column followed by different small letters are significantly different (P≤0.05).
绿豆
Vigna radiata
对照(CK)21.02±1.15c61.70±2.53b46±5c0.53±0.02c
C. lacerate (CL)23.39±1.33ab63.83±3.38b53±1bc0.69±0.03ab
常规施肥(CF)22.25±0.90bc73.72±2.57a59±6b0.65±0.04b
常规施肥+C. lacerata (CF+CL)24.59±0.31a77.15±1.01a62±4a0.71±0.04a
苕子
Vicia villosa
对照(CK)14.73±0.53c20.17±1.73b72±5b0.66±0.07c
C. lacerata (CL)16.88±0.73b20.02±3.84b79±4b0.72±0.09c
常规施肥(CF)18.87±0.40a21.75±3.31b96±6a0.86±0.02b
常规施肥+C. lacerata (CF+CL)19.91±1.69a33.32±6.95a97±5a0.97±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1242193061346898477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299225522660, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Correlations between of crop nodulation and root characters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作物
Crops
处理
Treatments
最大根长
Maximum root length
根系活力
Root vigor
根瘤数量
Nodule number
根瘤鲜重
Nodule fresh weight
Pearson’s method is used to calculate correlation coefficients (n=12; *P≤0.05; **P≤0.01).
绿豆
Vigna radiata
最大根长 Maximum root length1.0000.669*0.899**0.737**
根系活力 Root vigor1.0000.675*0.873**
根瘤数 Nodule number1.0000.803**
根瘤重 Nodule fresh weight1.000
苕子
Vicia villosa
最大根长 Maximum root length1.0000.659*0.845**0.820**
根系活力 Root vigor1.0000.682*0.714**
根瘤数 Nodule number1.0000.865**
根瘤重 Nodule fresh weight1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1242193061455950392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299225522660, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

作物结瘤与根系性状的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作物
Crops
处理
Treatments
最大根长
Maximum root length
根系活力
Root vigor
根瘤数量
Nodule number
根瘤鲜重
Nodule fresh weight
Pearson’s method is used to calculate correlation coefficients (n=12; *P≤0.05; **P≤0.01).
绿豆
Vigna radiata
最大根长 Maximum root length1.0000.669*0.899**0.737**
根系活力 Root vigor1.0000.675*0.873**
根瘤数 Nodule number1.0000.803**
根瘤重 Nodule fresh weight1.000
苕子
Vicia villosa
最大根长 Maximum root length1.0000.659*0.845**0.820**
根系活力 Root vigor1.0000.682*0.714**
根瘤数 Nodule number1.0000.865**
根瘤重 Nodule fresh weight1.000
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撕裂蜡孔菌活化土壤氮磷及其对豆科作物生长的影响
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宁诗琪 , 隋宗明 , 袁玲 , 杨红军 *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(8): 3047-3058
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(8): 3047-3058
撕裂蜡孔菌活化土壤氮磷及其对豆科作物生长的影响
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宁诗琪, 隋宗明, 袁玲, 杨红军*
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  • 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715
Ceriporia lacerata mobilizes soil nitrogen and phosphorus to promote the growth of leguminous crops
Shiqi NING, Zongming SUI, Ling YUAN, Hongjun YANG*
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  • College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
出版时间: 2024-05-06 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240090
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【目的】利用微生物活化土壤中的原本无效养分种植豆科作物,有益于土地资源的长期可持续利用。【方法】利用自主分离的白腐真菌撕裂蜡孔菌新株(Ceriporia lacerata) HG2011,通过培养和田间微区试验,研究C. lacerata的分泌作用、土壤氮磷活化以及对绿豆和光叶紫花苕养分吸收、生长和产量的影响。【结果】C. lacerata能分泌纤维素酶、几丁质酶、β-l,3-葡聚糖酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶和铁载体,溶解Ca3(PO4)2;在土壤表面,C. lacerata形成菌落,其菌丝伸入土壤,降低土壤pH,提高有效氮磷含量,进而增强蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性;接种C. lacerata改善了土壤氮磷供应能力,增强根系活力,促进根系生长、根瘤形成和发育,提高作物养分积累量,增加绿豆籽粒产量和苕子生物量。【结论】C. lacerata能在土壤中定殖,活化土壤氮磷,提高肥料利用率,促进绿豆和苕子生长。C. lacerata以木屑、秸秆和谷壳等农林有机废弃物为基质,容易培养,菌剂生产成本低廉。本研究为活化土壤养分,促进绿豆和苕子等豆科作物生长,保育耕地提供了新策略。

撕裂蜡孔菌  /  土壤  /  氮  /  磷  /  豆科作物

[Objective] To use microorganisms to mobilize unavailable nutrients in soil for the utilization by leguminous crops and the sustainable and long-term utilization of soil resources. [Methods] Microbial culture and micro-plot experiments were carried out with Ceriporia lacerata HG2011, a new isolate of white-rot fungus, to investigate the fungal secretion, soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) mobilization, and influences on the nutrient uptake, growth, and yields of Vigna radiata and Vicia villosa. [Results] C. lacerata released cellulase, chitinase, β-l,3-glucanase, protease, phosphatase, and siderophore, and dissolved Ca3(PO4)2 in pure culture. After being inoculated on the soil surface, this fungus formed colonies, with some mycelia extending into the soil, which decrease soil pH but increase the content of NH4+-N, alkali-hydrolyzed N, water-soluble P and Olsen P, and the activities of protease and phosphatase. In general, C. lacerata inoculation improved soil N and P supplies, enhanced root activity, and promoted root growth, nodule formation and development, thus increasing the nutrient uptake, grain yield of V. radiata, and biomass of V. villosa. [Conclusion] C. lacerata dwelling in soil mobilized soil N and P to increase fertilizer use efficiency and promote crop growth. C. lacerata can be cultured with sawdust, straw, husk and other organic agricultural and forestry wastes, with low production costs. This study provides a new strategy for mobilizing soil nutrients, promoting the growth of leguminous crops such as V. radiata and V. villosa, and benefiting the conservation and sustainable use of cultivated lands.

Ceriporia lacerata  /  soil  /  nitrogen  /  phosphorus  /  leguminous crops
宁诗琪, 隋宗明, 袁玲, 杨红军. 撕裂蜡孔菌活化土壤氮磷及其对豆科作物生长的影响. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (8) : 3047 -3058 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240090
Shiqi NING, Zongming SUI, Ling YUAN, Hongjun YANG. Ceriporia lacerata mobilizes soil nitrogen and phosphorus to promote the growth of leguminous crops[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (8) : 3047 -3058 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240090
氮是植物生长过程中需求量最大的必需营养元素,然而,农业土壤中普遍存在氮素缺乏的现象[1]。此外,土壤中的有机氮占据了总氮含量的90%以上,其经微生物转化成铵态氮和硝态氮而被作物吸收利用[2]。磷肥施入土壤之后被迅速固定,导致利用率一般不超过30%[3]。在农业生产中,长期大量施用磷肥造成了一系列环境、资源和土壤问题,如水体富营养化、磷矿资源耗竭、土壤磷积累等。据报道,全球高品位磷矿将在未来50年内消耗殆尽,但农业土壤中积累的平均全磷量高达(1 006±115) kg/hm2,可满足作物350年的需求[4]。因此,利用微生物活化土壤中的难溶性磷日益受到人们的重视。
种植豆科作物增加土壤氮素,有利于保持土地资源的长期可持续利用。在种植豆科作物时,利用微生物活化土壤中的磷,可改善磷素供应,促进生长,以磷增氮[5-6]。微生物活化土壤磷的机制主要是分泌磷酸酶、氢离子和有机酸矿化有机磷和溶解无机磷[7],这些微生物包括细菌[如产碱菌属(Alcaligenes)、无色杆菌属(Achromobacter)、产气杆菌(Aerobactor aerogenes)、寡孢马杜拉放线菌(Actinomadura oligospora)]和真菌[如泡盛曲霉(Aspergillus awamori)、尖孢镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)、细交链孢霉(Alternaria teneius)、指状青霉(Penicillium digitatum)、顶头孢霉(Cephalosporium sp.)],其中,真菌生物量大,分泌的酶类、质子和有机酸较多,活化土壤磷的能力也较强,但它们多为植物病原真菌[8-9],亟待寻找效果好、兼具矿化土壤氮素的非病原真菌。
从重庆缙云山国家级自然保护区分离获得一株新的白腐真菌,名为撕裂蜡孔菌(Ceriporia lacerata) HG2011,属担子菌门伞菌纲多孔菌目耙齿菌科[10]。白腐真菌主要分布于热带和亚热带森林,通过分解木质素、纤维素、蛋白质和含磷有机物获得碳、氮、磷[11-13]。在分解木质素的过程中,白腐真菌还分泌氢离子,软化木质素表面;释放草酸络合Mn3+,提高锰过氧化物酶活性[14]。据此推测,某些白腐真菌可能矿化土壤有机氮磷,溶解无机磷,改善植物氮磷营养。通过盆栽与田间试验表明,C. lacerata HG2011能促进油菜、黄瓜、小麦和茄子等多种非豆科作物生长,并提高了产量,增幅介于13.87%−22.39%[15-18],但对豆科作物的有关研究甚少。为此,我们选取了西南地区广泛种植的夏季豆科作物绿豆(Vigna radiata)和冬季豆科绿肥光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa Roth.,以下简称苕子)为对象,通过微生物培养和田间微区试验探究C. lacerata的分泌作用,对土壤氮磷活化,以及对绿豆和苕子生长的影响,为增加土壤氮素,减施磷肥,保育耕地提供新策略。
供试菌株:C. lacerata HG2011分离自重庆缙云山国家级自然保护区(29°48′N,106°25′E;NCBI登录号为MT675050),保藏于中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心(保藏号:14215)。取保藏菌种,接种于PDA培养基中央,25 ℃暗培养6 d。将20−25个直径(ϕ)约为6 mm的菌块,接种于盛有灭菌基质(水: 谷壳: 玉米粉=70:30:2)的食用菌栽培袋中(38 cm×60 cm×6 cm),常温(22−27 ℃)培养至菌丝完全长满基质(约30−35 d),制备出C. lacerata固体菌剂(2.0×107 CFU/g)。
供试作物:绿豆(Vigna radiata;品种:毛绿豆一号)和苕子(Vicia villosa Roth.;品种:光叶紫花苕),均购自北碚区筑农农资经营部。
供试土壤:重庆市西南大学农场的紫色土,夏种玉米,冬植叶类蔬菜。土壤pH 7.28,有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量分别为13.50、1.00、0.77和19.04 g/kg;碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾、铵态氮和硝态氮含量依次为59.13、13.46、142.80、4.17和1.67 mg/kg。采集0−20 cm耕作层,拣去杂物,风干备用。
C. lacerata菌块(ϕ约为6 mm,下同),分别接种于含脱脂奶粉、卵磷脂、刚果红-CMC、几丁质、茯苓粉、CAS和Ca3(PO4)2的固体培养基中央,25 ℃暗培养4−6 d,重复6次,观察相应酶类和铁载体的分泌状况,以及对无机磷的溶解作用[19-22]
蛋白酶检测培养基(g/L):脱脂奶粉15.0,琼脂20.0,pH 6.8。蒙金娜有机磷培养基(g/L):卵磷脂2.0,CaCO3 5.0,MnSO4 1.0,葡萄糖10.0,琼脂20.0,(NH4)2SO4 0.5,KCl 0.3,NaCl 0.3,MgSO4·7H2O 0.3,FeSO4·7H2O 0.03,pH 7.0−7.5。纤维素酶检测培养基(g/L):(NH4)2SO4 2.0,NaCl 0.5,CMCC-Na 2.0,K2HPO4 1.0,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,琼脂20.0,调节pH 7.2。几丁质酶检测培养基(g/L):蛋白胨2.0,葡萄糖1.0,胶体几丁质5.0,KH2PO4 0.3,FeSO4·7H2O 0.01,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,K2HPO4·3H2O 0.917,琼脂20.0 g,pH 7.0。β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶检测培养基(g/L):茯苓粉2.0,酵母提取物1.0,K2HPO4·3H2O 1.0,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,Na2HPO4·12H2O 3.0,FeSO4·7H2O 0.005,琼脂20.0,苯胺蓝0.06 (倒平板前加入),pH 7.0−7.5。铁载体检测培养基(g/L):酸水解酪素3.0,蔗糖2.0,MgSO4·7H2O 0.001,CaCl2 0.001,琼脂20.0,pH自然。倒平板前加入5%的无菌CAS染液[CAS染液(g/L):铬天青0.6,Na2HPO4·12H2O 2.427,NaH2PO4·2H2O 0.59,HDTMA 1.46,NaCl 0.125,NH4Cl 0.25,FeCl3 0.016,KH2PO4 0.075],摇匀。Pikovaskaia无机磷培养基(g/L):葡萄糖10.0,Ca3(PO4)2 10.0,(NH4)2SO4 0.5,MgSO4·7H2O 0.1,NaCl 0.2,KCl 0.2,FeSO4·7H2O 0.002,MnSO4 0.002,酵母粉0.5,琼脂20.0,pH 7.5。
磨细风干土壤,过2 mm筛。称取20 g于培养皿中(ϕ=9 cm),加无离子水至最大田间持水量的(70±2)%,121 ℃灭菌30 min,冷却。取活化后的C. lacerata接种于土壤表面,25 ℃暗培养20 d,不接种为对照,重复4次。
培养结束后,用十字交叉法测定菌落直径;常规分析土壤pH;用靛酚蓝比色法测定土壤NH4+-N,用碱解扩散法测定土壤碱解氮;钼蓝比色法测定土壤水溶性磷(蒸馏水: 土壤=20:1,25 ℃、150 r/min,提取30 min)和Olsen磷(0.5 mol/L Na2CO3: 土壤=20:1,25 ℃、150 r/min振荡30 min提取);醋酸铵浸提-火焰分光光度法测定土壤有效钾含量[23];Folin显色法和磷酸苯二钠比色法分别测定土壤蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性[24]
试验于2022年4月至2023年9月在西南大学盆栽场网室中进行,绿豆种植2季,苕子种植一季。当地位于北亚热带,属太平洋季风性湿润气候,夏季炎热多雨,多年平均气温18.2 ℃ (8.2−28.2 ℃),降雨量1 156 mm,日照1 014 h。取风干土壤,混合均匀,装入长×宽×深= 2.0 m×1.0 m×1.5 m水泥池。微生物在活化土壤养分方面与土壤肥力密切相关,因此在不施肥和正常施肥条件下进行试验,设置:(1) 对照(CK,即不施肥和不接菌);(2) 不施肥+接种C. lacerate (CL);(3) 常规施肥(CF);(4) 常规施肥+接种C. lacerate (CF+CL),每种设置条件重复3次。施肥量同当地大田生产,绿豆播种前分别窝施N 45.00 kg/hm2、P2O5 67.50 kg/hm2、K2O 67.50 kg/hm2,由复合肥(15-15-15)、过磷酸钙和硫酸钾提供;苕子条施60 kg/hm2 P2O5,由过磷酸钙提供;施肥后施用C. lacerata固体菌剂(1 400 kg/hm2),再播种绿豆(20 kg/hm2)和苕子(60 kg/hm2)。
在2种作物的初花期,每小区随机挖取5株绿豆和10株苕子,记录单株根瘤数和瘤重,测根长并用2, 3, 5-三苯基氯化四氮唑(2, 3, 5-tripheyl tetrazolium chloride, TTC)法测定根系活力[25]。分次收获成熟的绿豆豆荚,脱粒、晾干,称取籽粒质量;在苕子收获季节,全部收割地上部,称取鲜重;合计各次收获的绿豆籽粒产量和苕子生物量,并常规分析植株氮、磷、钾含量[23]。在完成全部收获后,用1.3中的分析方法测定土壤有效养分和酶活性。
在本研究中,绿豆的试验数据为两年的平均值。利用SPSS 22.0进行统计分析,采用Microsoft Excel 2019和Origin 2022作图。C. lacerata活化土壤养分的有关数据采用两独立样本的t检验;其余试验数据采用双因素方差分析,Duncan法多重比较;相关系数的计算采用Pearson法。显著性水平为P≤0.01或P≤0.05。
图1所示,将C. lacerata接种于各检测培养基表面,培养4−6 d后,菌落周围均出现了半透明、透明或彩色晕圈,说明C. lacerata能分泌蛋白酶、磷酸酶、纤维素酶、几丁质酶、β-l,3-葡聚糖酶和铁载体。在Pikovaskaia无机磷培养基上,菌落周围也出现了透明圈,说明培养基中的Ca3(PO4)2发生了溶解。
图2可见,将C. lacerata接种于土壤表面,经15 d的培养后,菌落平均直径达到3.45 cm,20 d左右菌落覆盖整个土壤表面,可观察到部分菌丝伸入土壤。与对照土壤相比,接种C. lacerata使土壤pH从6.97降低至6.37;相反,碱解氮、NH4+-N、水溶性磷和Olsen磷含量则依次增加14.46%、15.31%、12.52%和11.19%,磷酸酶和蛋白酶活性从CK的均未检测出分别提高到5.59 μg pNP/(g·h)和23.88 μg Cs/(g·d) (表1)。
表2可见,在2种作物收获之后,土壤有效钾在各处理之间均无显著差异,变化于186.3−189.5 mg/kg (种植苕子)和250.1−269.4 mg/kg (种植绿豆)。在种植绿豆的土壤中,碱解氮各处理之间也无显著差异,变化于59.13−65.05 mg/kg;在种植苕子的土壤中,施肥提高土壤碱解氮含量。在种植绿豆和苕子的土壤中,接种C. lacerata均增加了土壤铵态氮含量。无论施肥与否,在接种C. lacerata的土壤中,水溶性磷含量显著增加(不施肥的绿豆土壤除外,其增幅未达显著水平),土壤Olsen磷也表现出类似的变化趋势。
除施肥提高绿豆和接种C. lacerata增加苕子植株含磷量之外,施肥和接种C. lacerata对2种供试作物的氮、磷、钾含量均无显著影响(表3)。苕子接种C. lacerata之后,氮、磷、钾的积累量提高了20.76%−41.08% (不施肥的氮钾积累除外,其增幅未达显著水平);在不施肥的土壤中,C. lacerata显著增加绿豆植株吸钾量,在其余接菌的处理中,氮、磷、钾积累量的增幅未达显著水平。
表4可见,除绿豆最大根长和不接种C. lacerata的苕子根系活力之外,施肥显著促进2种供试作物的根系伸长,增强根系活力,增加根瘤数量,提高根瘤鲜重。接种C. lacerata促进根系伸长(在施肥条件下,苕子最大根长的增幅未达显著水平;但根系活力显著增加),提高根瘤鲜重(在不施肥条件下,苕子的根瘤鲜重的增幅未达显著水平)。此外,最大根长、根系活力、根瘤数量和根瘤质量之间呈显著或极显著正相关(r=0.659*−0.899**, n=12);根系活力、根瘤数量和根瘤质量之间也呈显著或极显著正相关(r=0.675*−0.873**, n=12) (表5)。
图3所示,施肥分别提高绿豆籽粒产量9.08%−37.42% (不接种的增幅未达显著水平)和苕子生物量8.11%−19.01%。在不施肥条件下,接种C. lacerata使绿豆籽粒产量提高18.25%,但苕子生物量的增幅未达显著水平;在施肥条件下,接种C. lacerata使绿豆籽粒产量和苕子生物量分别提高了25.98%和10.08%。
在土壤中,蛋白质主要与大分子碳水化合物和矿物结合,其含量超过有机氮的60%,经蛋白酶水解形成氨基酸,再经微生物氨化和硝化形成能被植物吸收利用的NH4+和NO3−[26]。在蛋白质水解过程中,蛋白质到达活化状态所需的活化能较高,是蛋白质转化成NH4+的限速反应,因此蛋白酶的催化作用至关重要[27]。土壤中的有机磷主要包括植素、磷脂和核酸等,磷酸酶直接和间接参与它们的脱磷作用,是有机磷转化成无机磷的关键酶[28]C. lacerata能分泌蛋白酶和磷酸酶,有益于蛋白质和有机磷矿化。C. lacerata分泌的纤维素酶、几丁质酶、β-l,3-葡聚糖酶能水解相应的碳水化合物,意味着其具有利用碳源的多样性,有益于在土壤中生长繁殖,从而发挥有益作用。此外,C. lacerata所分泌的铁载体可络合FePO4中的Fe3+,从而释放无机磷。
C. lacerata接种于土壤表面,菌丝生长形成菌落,可观察到菌丝伸入土壤,证明供试真菌能在土壤中定殖。与此同时,土壤pH降低,蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性增强,铵态氮、碱解氮、水溶性磷和Olsen磷增加,加之在Pikovaskaia培养基上C. lacerata能溶解其中的Ca3(PO4)2,推测供试真菌能分泌质子和有机酸,活化土壤无机磷;释放磷酸酶,活化土壤有机磷;产生胞外蛋白酶,提高土壤有效氮含量。需要说明的是,很多有益微生物在培养时表现良好,但田间表现通常不佳[29],很有必要继续探究对植物营养和生长的影响。
供试土壤地处北亚热带,气温高,降雨多,淋溶强,肥力低,土壤养分缺乏通常是作物生长的限制因子。在本研究中,施肥提高了绿豆籽粒产量和苕子生物量,说明在类似土壤上种植这些豆科植物时,施用少量肥料是必要的。在施肥条件下,接种C. lacerata能提高苕子的氮、磷、钾积累量,绿豆的养分积累量也有增加趋势;在不施肥的土壤中,施用C. lacerata的总体表现较差。说明施肥消除了土壤缺乏养分的限制,C. lacerata更好地发挥了有益作用,包括活化土壤养分,减少了肥料养分的固定(尤其是磷),提高肥料利用率,改善作物营养,促进生长的作用等,施肥配合接种能相得益彰。研究报道,在不同施磷量的田间条件下,接种假单胞菌(Pseudomonas spp.)、曲霉(Aspergillus spp.)或青霉(Penicillium spp.)能不同程度地提高作物的产量[30-32]。值得注意的是,在接种C. lacerata的土壤中,水溶性磷提高,苕子体内的磷积累量增加,说明供试真菌促进了土壤磷活化和该作物对磷的吸收。此外,在作物收获之后,土壤有效养分的高低反映了作物吸收和土壤养分供应之间的平衡关系[33]。本研究中C. lacerata提高苕子的氮钾积累量,意味着增加了土壤氮钾供应或生物固氮。
总体而言,接种C. lacerata促进了作物根系伸长,提高了根系脱氢酶活性,增加了结瘤数和根瘤鲜重。根系增长有益于根瘤菌接触根系,增加感染位点。此外,C. lacerata还能分泌生长素[34],松弛根毛细胞壁,有益于根瘤菌感染根系形成侵染线[35],形成根瘤。因此,最大根长和单株瘤数呈显著正相关。根系活力反映根系中脱氢酶的活性,是根系能量和物质代谢,以及碳水化合物储量与供应的综合反映[36],活性越强意味着提供的碳水化合物愈多,促进根瘤的形成和发育[37],因此根系脱氢酶活力与单株瘤重呈显著正相关。据报道,在较大的根瘤中,固氮组织如豆血红蛋白和固氮酶所占的比例较高,生物固氮能力也较强[38]15N同位素自然丰度法分析也表明,施用C. lacerata后,蚕豆根瘤增大,固氮酶活性增强,固氮量增加[13]。此外,根瘤固氮是高耗能的生物学过程,酶固定1 mol的氮需要至少16 mol ATP和大量NADPH[39-40],根系脱氢酶活性强,提供的ATP和NADPH更多,促进生物固氮。
在培养试验中,C. lacerata能分泌蛋白酶、磷酸酶、纤维素酶、几丁质酶、β-l,3-葡聚糖酶、铁载体,溶解无机磷,矿化有机氮磷,提高土壤氮磷的有效性;在田间试验中,C. lacerata促进了绿豆和苕子生长,籽粒产量(绿豆)和生物量(苕子)的最大增幅分别为37.42%和19.01%。C. lacerata容易培养,生长迅速,利用秸秆、木屑、谷壳等多种有机物质为基质,菌剂生产成本低廉。本项研究为促进绿豆和光叶紫花苕等豆科作物生长提供了新策略,具有潜在的应用价值。
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2024年第64卷第8期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240090
  • 接收时间:2024-02-02
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-05-06
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-02
  • 录用日期:2024-04-28
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Chongqing Science and Technology Commission Social Livelihood Key Research and Development Project(cstc2018jscx-mszdX0011)
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    西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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