Article(id=1241451293823258924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241451293068284204, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240054, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1705593600000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1714060800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-26, onlineDate=1773914653497, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1715097600000, pubDateStr=2024-05-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773914653497, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773914653497, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773914653497, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241451293068284204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='8', pageStart='2591', pageEnd='3085', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773914653317, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773919071204, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241469823079731774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241451293068284204, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241469823079731775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241451293068284204, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2882, endPage=2900, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241451294213329200, articleId=1241451293823258924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Microbial communities in the rhizosphere of watermelon varieties resistant and susceptible to Fusarium wilt: differences and relationship with disease occurrence, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] We compared the microbial communities in the rhizosphere of plants with different genotypes and explored the relationship between microbial community and soil-borne disease occurrence, aiming to reveal the underlying mechanisms by which rhizosphere microorganisms assist plants in defending against pathogen invasion. [Methods] A pot experiment was conducted with the soil experiencing severe continuous cropping obstacles to compare the microbial communities in the rhizosphere of a susceptible watermelon variety 'zaojia 8424' and a resistant variety 'xinong 8' to Fusarium wilt. Furthermore, the relationship between microbial community and the occurrence of Fusarium wilt was explored. [Results] The resistant watermelon variety exhibited significantly lower disease index and pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, FON) abundance than the susceptible watermelon variety. Although no significant difference was observed in the bacterial and fungal alpha diversity in the rhizosphere between resistant and susceptible varieties, the microbial beta diversity showcased significant difference between the two varieties. Moreover, both bacterial and fungal community composition was significantly correlated with pathogen abundance. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) further revealed that the resistant watermelon variety enriched more potential antagonistic or plant growth-promoting taxa represented by Actinobacteria and Rhizobiaceae in the rhizosphere. Interestingly, Fusarium was also enriched in the rhizosphere of the resistant variety, mainly composed of unclassified Fusarium and F. solani. Notably, the co-occurrence network of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the resistant variety exhibited higher complexity and stability than that of the susceptible variety, with an increase of 18.18% in average degree and the nodes and edges dominated by Actinobacteria. [Conclusion] The watermelon varieties resistant and susceptible to Fusarium wilt demonstrate different microbial community composition in the rhizosphere. The enrichment of beneficial microbial taxa and interconnected co-occurrence network of the resistant variety contribute to plant defense against the pathogen invasion. This study disentangles the relationship between rhizosphere microbial community and soil-borne disease occurrence, providing important information and a theoretical basis for preventing and managing soil-borne diseases.

, correspAuthors=Anhui GE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*GE Anhui, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qing ZENG, Siyi LIU, Jifang XIANG, Zhihuai LIANG, Changchun ZHAI, Baomin YAO, Lili HAN, Anhui GE, Limei ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241451296025268575, articleId=1241451293823258924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=西瓜枯萎病抗感品种根际微生物群落特征差异及其与病害发生的关系, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】通过研究不同基因型作物根际微生物群落特征及其与土传病害发生的关系,揭示根际微生物协助植物抵御土壤病原菌入侵的作用机制。【方法】以西瓜枯萎病感病品种“早佳8424”和抗病品种“西农8号”为研究对象,在连作障碍严重的土壤中进行盆栽试验,探讨了西瓜抗感病品种根际微生物多样性和群落组成差异及其与土传病害发生的关系。【结果】与感病品种相比,抗病品种发病程度和根际病原尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, FON)丰度显著下降。抗感病品种根际细菌和真菌α多样性无显著差异,但β多样性分异明显且其群落组成与FON丰度显著相关。差异分析进一步发现抗病品种根际富集了以放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和根瘤菌科(Rhizobiaceae)等为代表的潜在拮抗菌或有益菌。镰刀菌属(Fusarium)也在抗病品种根际显著富集,但主要以未分类的镰刀菌(unclassified Fusarium)和腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)为主。此外,抗病品种根际微生物共现网络具有较高的复杂性和稳定性,节点平均度比感病品种增加了18.18%,并且网络中节点和边以放线菌门为主。【结论】西瓜枯萎病抗病品种与感病品种具有显著不同的根际微生物群落组成,抗病品种根际富集的有益菌群和网络互作关系的强化有利于植物抵抗病原菌入侵。本研究通过解析不同基因型作物根际微生物与土传病害发生的关系,为精准调控作物根际微生物结构和功能防治土传病害提供了重要信息和理论依据。

, correspAuthors=葛安辉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=wClJGUf8/xa966CLqZAPog==, magXml=LdvTwFRrG0+YASiSH/v7lQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=wYgjy7YKuxSezKq8OeXshw==, pdfFileSize=1678108, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=dSt5NzqrIKNfuGdyz1HLqA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=JfkcawXH0MB6ShsvWtZ2Eg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=曾青, 刘四义, 向吉方, 梁志怀, 翟常春, 姚保民, 韩丽丽, 葛安辉, 张丽梅)}, authors=[Author(id=1242193059623039359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242193059857920397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, authorId=1242193059623039359, language=EN, stringName=Qing ZENG, firstName=Qing, middleName=null, lastName=ZENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Cell, 2016, 165 (2):464-474., articleTitle=Root endophyte Colletotrichum tofieldiae confers plant fitness benefits that are phosphate status dependent, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1242193066317149104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, awardId=20222-051244, language=EN, fundingSource="Unveiling the List of Hanging" Science and Technology Project of Jinggangshan Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone(20222-051244), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242193066426201015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, awardId=20222-051244, language=CN, fundingSource=井冈山农高区省级科技专项“揭榜挂帅”项目(20222-051244), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242193058964533550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242193058977116461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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articleId=1241451293823258924, companyId=1242193059375575395, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 湖南省农业科学院 湖南省农业生物技术研究所, 湖南 长沙 410125)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242193059493015919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242193059513987440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, companyId=1242193059493015919, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5 College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242193059543347574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, companyId=1242193059493015919, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5 河北大学生命科学学院, 河北 保定 071002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242193064366797615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Rhizosphere soil properties in watermelon varieties resistant and susceptible to Fusarium wilt at different sampling stages. The results (P-values) of two-way ANOVAs show the effects of variety, stage, and their interaction on soil properties. A: Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) content. B: Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) content. C: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. D: Soil basal respiration rate (SBR). ZJ8424 represents the susceptible variety, and XN8 represents the resistant variety. 4 week and 9 week indicate the 4th and 9th weeks after transplanting watermelon seedlings, respectively. The asterisks (*) indicate the significant effects of variety, stage, and their interaction (***: P < 0.001); The "n.s." represents the non-significant effect (P > 0.05). Different letters indicate significant difference among different groups at P < 0.05. The error bar shows the standard error of four replicate pots., figureFileSmall=PzXR/y3a2zE3MeOFWKcbqA==, figureFileBig=YZo4qDQv13ZDwmfD3kIIQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193064463266615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同时期西瓜枯萎病抗感病品种根际土壤性质差异

方差分析检验了品种(variety)、时期(stage)及其交互作用(interaction)等因素对土壤性质的影响. A:铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量. B:硝态氮(NO3-N)含量. C:可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量. D:土壤基础呼吸速率(SBR). ZJ8424表示感病品种;XN8表示抗病品种. 4 week和9 week分别表示西瓜苗移栽后第4周和第9周. 星号(*)代表品种、时期及其交互作用影响的显著性水平(***: P < 0.001);“n.s.”代表无显著影响. 不同字母代表在P < 0.05水平上差异显著. 误差条表示4个重复的标准误差

, figureFileSmall=PzXR/y3a2zE3MeOFWKcbqA==, figureFileBig=YZo4qDQv13ZDwmfD3kIIQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193064589095749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Disease index and the abundance of pathogen FON in watermelon varieties resistant and susceptible to Fusarium wilt at different sampling stages. A: Disease index of watermelon varieties resistant and susceptible to Fusarium wilt. B: The abundance of pathogen FON in rhizosphere soil of watermelon varieties resistant and susceptible to Fusarium wilt at different sampling stages. Wilt disease incidence was assessed at the 4th week. ZJ8424 represents the susceptible variety, and XN8 represents the resistant variety. 4 week and 9 week indicate the 4th and 9th weeks after transplanting watermelon seedlings, respectively. The asterisks (*) indicate the significant effects of variety, stage, and their interaction (*: P < 0.05, ***: P < 0.001). Different letters indicate significant difference among different groups at P < 0.05. The error bar shows the standard error of four replicate pots., figureFileSmall=jo42+/kMpmn27hnP0FlJag==, figureFileBig=KlbacHhPlWCDrhMfYAy11A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193064685564746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同时期西瓜枯萎病抗感品种病情指数和根际土壤病原菌数量

A:抗感病品种西瓜枯萎病病情指数. B:初始土壤和不同时期下抗感病品种西瓜根际土壤中病原体FON丰度. 枯萎病病情指数在第4周进行统计. ZJ8424代表感病品种;XN8代表抗病品种. Initial soil代表试验前初始土壤. 4 week和9 week分别表示西瓜苗移栽后第4周和第9周. 星号(*)代表品种、时期及其交互作用影响的显著性水平(*: P < 0.05; ***: P < 0.001). 不同字母代表在P < 0.05水平上差异显著. 误差条表示4个重复的标准误差

, figureFileSmall=jo42+/kMpmn27hnP0FlJag==, figureFileBig=KlbacHhPlWCDrhMfYAy11A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193064811393879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=The bacterial (A) and fungal (B) alpha diversity in rhizosphere soil of watermelon varieties resistant and susceptible to Fusarium wilt (based on ZOTU richness and Shannon index) at different growth stages. ZJ8424 represents the susceptible variety, and XN8 represents the resistant variety. 4 week and 9 week indicate the 4th and 9th weeks after transplanting watermelon seedlings, respectively. The asterisks (*) indicate the significant effects of variety, stage, and their interaction (**: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001); The "n.s." represents the non-significant effect (P > 0.05). Different letters indicate significant difference among different groups at P < 0.05., figureFileSmall=o2pw3GoeWQiBxR0vTRqR8g==, figureFileBig=Ridthdmt3LiDs4a5t5HWkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193064970777437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同时期西瓜枯萎病抗感病品种根际土壤细菌(A)和真菌(B) α多样性(基于ZOTU丰富度和Shannon指数)

ZJ8424代表感病品种;XN8代表抗病品种. Initial soil代表试验前初始土壤. 4 week和9 week分别表示西瓜苗移栽后第4周和第9周. 星号(*)代表品种、时期及其交互作用影响的显著性水平(**: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001);“n.s.”代表无显著影响. 不同字母代表在P < 0.05水平上差异显著

, figureFileSmall=o2pw3GoeWQiBxR0vTRqR8g==, figureFileBig=Ridthdmt3LiDs4a5t5HWkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193065113383779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=The bacterial (A) and fungal (B) beta diversity in rhizosphere soil of watermelon varieties resistant and susceptible to Fusarium wilt (non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) test based on Weighted UniFrac distance). ZJ8424 represents the susceptible variety, and XN8 represents the resistant variety. The left panels of figures A and B represent the β-diversity including the initial soil samples, and the right panels do not include the initial soil. The different colors and shapes represent the different varieties and sampling stages, respectively. The asterisks (*) indicate the significant effects of variety, stage, and their interaction (*: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001); The "n.s." represents the non-significant effect (P > 0.05)., figureFileSmall=fy6dI+OHC5yhXLQ57bJGuQ==, figureFileBig=NXajBoIgw7/2oJ4flIqJ/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193065201464170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=CN, label=图4, caption=西瓜枯萎病抗感品种西瓜根际土壤细菌(A)和真菌(B) β多样性差异(基于Weighted UniFrac距离的NMDS分析和PERMANOVA检验)

ZJ8424代表感病品种;XN8代表抗病品种. Initial soil代表试验前初始土壤. 图A和图B的左侧图表示包括初始土壤在内的β多样性,右侧图不包括初始土壤. 点的颜色和形状代表不同品种和时期. 星号(*)代表品种、时期及其交互作用影响的显著性水平(*: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001);“n.s.”代表无显著影响

, figureFileSmall=fy6dI+OHC5yhXLQ57bJGuQ==, figureFileBig=NXajBoIgw7/2oJ4flIqJ/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193065310516081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Community composition of bacteria (A) and fungi (B) in rhizosphere soil of watermelon varieties resistant and susceptible to Fusarium wilt at different growth stage (relative abundance > 1%). Bacterial taxa were analyzed at the phylum level (Proteobacteria were further divided into Alpharoteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria), and fungal communities were analyzed at the class level. ZJ8424 represents the susceptible variety, and XN8 represents the resistant variety. The asterisks (*) indicate the significant effects of variety, stage, and their interaction (*: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001); The "n.s." represents the non-significant effect (P > 0.05). Different letters indicate significant difference among different groups at P < 0.05., figureFileSmall=HBMjtYcJHrr9MF2NZmwE8A==, figureFileBig=2KNyJfWDgJQEbzZSKlL+Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193065419567991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同时期西瓜抗感病品种根际土壤细菌(A)和真菌(B)群落组成(相对丰度 > 1%)

细菌类群在门水平上进行分析(变形菌门细分为α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲和δ-变形菌纲),真菌群落在纲水平上进行分析. ZJ8424代表感病品种;XN8代表抗病品种. Initial soil代表试验前初始土壤. 星号(*)代表品种、时期及其交互作用影响的显著性水平(*: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001);“n.s.”代表无显著影响. 不同字母代表在P < 0.05水平上差异显著

, figureFileSmall=HBMjtYcJHrr9MF2NZmwE8A==, figureFileBig=2KNyJfWDgJQEbzZSKlL+Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193065545397124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Biomakers of microbial taxa in rhizosphere soil of watermelon varieties susceptible and resistant to Fusarium wilt identified by LEfSe analysis at the genus level. A: Bacterial biomarkers in rhizosphere soil of watermelon varieties susceptible and resistant to Fusarium wilt. B: Fungal biomarkers in rhizosphere soil of watermelon varieties susceptible and resistant to Fusarium wilt. C: The relative abundance of all Fusarium-affiliating ZOTUs in the rhizosphere soil of watermelon varieties susceptible and resistant to Fusarium wilt. The analysis integrated samples from both the 4th week and 9th week. ZJ8424 represents the susceptible variety, and XN8 represents the resistant variety., figureFileSmall=/+mha3HDsjQyRg8G9THgFQ==, figureFileBig=jCfVkRjmHBGpiPkVo+SG1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193065658643337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=CN, label=图6, caption=西瓜枯萎病抗感病品种根际土壤微生物标志物分析(基于属水平上的LEfSe分析)

A:西瓜枯萎病抗感病品种根际土壤细菌标志物. B:西瓜枯萎病抗感病品种根际土壤真菌标志物. C:所有属于镰刀菌属的ZOTUs组成及其在西瓜抗感病品种根际土壤中的相对丰度. 该分析综合了第4周和第9周2个取样时期的样品. ZJ8424代表感病品种;XN8代表抗病品种

, figureFileSmall=/+mha3HDsjQyRg8G9THgFQ==, figureFileBig=jCfVkRjmHBGpiPkVo+SG1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193065771889550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Visualized networks of bacterial and fungal co-occurrence patterns in rhizosphere soil of watermelon varieties susceptible and resistant to Fusarium wilt. A: Visualized networks of bacterial and fungal co-occurrence patterns in rhizosphere soil of the susceptible variety. B: Visualized networks of bacterial and fungal co-occurrence patterns in rhizosphere soil of the resistant variety. C: The relative abundance of major microbial taxa to which nodes belong in the co-occurrence network in rhizosphere soil of watermelon varieties susceptible and resistant to Fusarium wilt. D: The relative abundance of major microbial taxa to which edges belong in the co-occurrence network in rhizosphere soil of watermelon varieties susceptible and resistant to Fusarium wilt. The relative abundance of different microbial taxa in network nodes or edges is determined by calculating the proportion of nodes or edges belonging to specific microbial taxa in the total number of nodes or edges in the network. The different color represents bacterial and fungal taxa at phylum level. Node size is proportional to the degree of connection. The edges in green and red represent co-occurrence and mutual exclusion patterns among taxa, respectively. ZJ8424 represents the susceptible variety, and XN8 represents the resistant variety., figureFileSmall=avAzNePrRmiSrGW2h7e93w==, figureFileBig=dD8UHstCBP5lQ8YQ5S4Mdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193065885135763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=CN, label=图7, caption=西瓜抗感病品种根际土壤细菌和真菌共现网络差异

A:西瓜感病品种根际土壤细菌和真菌共现网络. B:西瓜抗病品种根际土壤细菌和真菌共现网络. C:西瓜抗感病品种根际土壤细菌和真菌共现网络节点所属主要微生物类群的相对丰度. D:西瓜抗感病品种根际土壤细菌和真菌共现网络边所属主要微生物类群的相对丰度. 通过计算网络中属于特定微生物类群的节点或边数量占该网络中总的节点或边数量的比例以确定不同微生物门在网络节点或边中的相对丰度. 不同颜色代表不同微生物门. 节点大小与连接度成正比. 绿色连线代表正相关,红色连线代表负相关. ZJ8424代表感病品种,XN8代表抗病品种

, figureFileSmall=avAzNePrRmiSrGW2h7e93w==, figureFileBig=dD8UHstCBP5lQ8YQ5S4Mdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193065964827548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The correlation between microbial community and FON abundance based on Spearman correlation (between Shannon index and FON abundance) and Mantel test (between microbial dissimilarity matrix and FON dissimilarity matrix)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Microbial taxaDiversityComposition
Spearman’s ρPMantel’s rP
Bacteria0.0900.7410.3430.001
Fungi0.5120.0460.2810.005
), ArticleFig(id=1242193066082268062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451293823258924, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基于Spearman相关和Mantel检验的微生物群落多样性和组成与FON丰度相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Microbial taxaDiversityComposition
Spearman’s ρPMantel’s rP
Bacteria0.0900.7410.3430.001
Fungi0.5120.0460.2810.005
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西瓜枯萎病抗感品种根际微生物群落特征差异及其与病害发生的关系
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曾青 1, 2 , 刘四义 1 , 向吉方 3, 4 , 梁志怀 4 , 翟常春 5 , 姚保民 1, 2 , 韩丽丽 1 , 葛安辉 1, * , 张丽梅 1, 2
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(8): 2882-2900
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(8): 2882-2900
西瓜枯萎病抗感品种根际微生物群落特征差异及其与病害发生的关系
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曾青1, 2, 刘四义1, 向吉方3, 4, 梁志怀4, 翟常春5, 姚保民1, 2, 韩丽丽1, 葛安辉1, * , 张丽梅1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085
  • 2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 3 浏阳市社港镇重点项目建设服务中心, 湖南 长沙 410327
  • 4 湖南省农业科学院 湖南省农业生物技术研究所, 湖南 长沙 410125
  • 5 河北大学生命科学学院, 河北 保定 071002
Microbial communities in the rhizosphere of watermelon varieties resistant and susceptible to Fusarium wilt: differences and relationship with disease occurrence
Qing ZENG1, 2, Siyi LIU1, Jifang XIANG3, 4, Zhihuai LIANG4, Changchun ZHAI5, Baomin YAO1, 2, Lili HAN1, Anhui GE1, * , Limei ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
  • 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 3 Key Project Construction Service Center of Shegang Town, Liuyang City, Changsha 410327, Hunan, China
  • 4 Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
  • 5 College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
出版时间: 2024-05-08 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240054
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【目的】通过研究不同基因型作物根际微生物群落特征及其与土传病害发生的关系,揭示根际微生物协助植物抵御土壤病原菌入侵的作用机制。【方法】以西瓜枯萎病感病品种“早佳8424”和抗病品种“西农8号”为研究对象,在连作障碍严重的土壤中进行盆栽试验,探讨了西瓜抗感病品种根际微生物多样性和群落组成差异及其与土传病害发生的关系。【结果】与感病品种相比,抗病品种发病程度和根际病原尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, FON)丰度显著下降。抗感病品种根际细菌和真菌α多样性无显著差异,但β多样性分异明显且其群落组成与FON丰度显著相关。差异分析进一步发现抗病品种根际富集了以放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和根瘤菌科(Rhizobiaceae)等为代表的潜在拮抗菌或有益菌。镰刀菌属(Fusarium)也在抗病品种根际显著富集,但主要以未分类的镰刀菌(unclassified Fusarium)和腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)为主。此外,抗病品种根际微生物共现网络具有较高的复杂性和稳定性,节点平均度比感病品种增加了18.18%,并且网络中节点和边以放线菌门为主。【结论】西瓜枯萎病抗病品种与感病品种具有显著不同的根际微生物群落组成,抗病品种根际富集的有益菌群和网络互作关系的强化有利于植物抵抗病原菌入侵。本研究通过解析不同基因型作物根际微生物与土传病害发生的关系,为精准调控作物根际微生物结构和功能防治土传病害提供了重要信息和理论依据。

西瓜枯萎病  /  抗病品种  /  放线菌  /  微生物共现网络

[Objective] We compared the microbial communities in the rhizosphere of plants with different genotypes and explored the relationship between microbial community and soil-borne disease occurrence, aiming to reveal the underlying mechanisms by which rhizosphere microorganisms assist plants in defending against pathogen invasion. [Methods] A pot experiment was conducted with the soil experiencing severe continuous cropping obstacles to compare the microbial communities in the rhizosphere of a susceptible watermelon variety 'zaojia 8424' and a resistant variety 'xinong 8' to Fusarium wilt. Furthermore, the relationship between microbial community and the occurrence of Fusarium wilt was explored. [Results] The resistant watermelon variety exhibited significantly lower disease index and pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, FON) abundance than the susceptible watermelon variety. Although no significant difference was observed in the bacterial and fungal alpha diversity in the rhizosphere between resistant and susceptible varieties, the microbial beta diversity showcased significant difference between the two varieties. Moreover, both bacterial and fungal community composition was significantly correlated with pathogen abundance. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) further revealed that the resistant watermelon variety enriched more potential antagonistic or plant growth-promoting taxa represented by Actinobacteria and Rhizobiaceae in the rhizosphere. Interestingly, Fusarium was also enriched in the rhizosphere of the resistant variety, mainly composed of unclassified Fusarium and F. solani. Notably, the co-occurrence network of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the resistant variety exhibited higher complexity and stability than that of the susceptible variety, with an increase of 18.18% in average degree and the nodes and edges dominated by Actinobacteria. [Conclusion] The watermelon varieties resistant and susceptible to Fusarium wilt demonstrate different microbial community composition in the rhizosphere. The enrichment of beneficial microbial taxa and interconnected co-occurrence network of the resistant variety contribute to plant defense against the pathogen invasion. This study disentangles the relationship between rhizosphere microbial community and soil-borne disease occurrence, providing important information and a theoretical basis for preventing and managing soil-borne diseases.

watermelon Fusarium wilt  /  resistant variety  /  Actinobacteria  /  microbial co-occurrence network
曾青, 刘四义, 向吉方, 梁志怀, 翟常春, 姚保民, 韩丽丽, 葛安辉, 张丽梅. 西瓜枯萎病抗感品种根际微生物群落特征差异及其与病害发生的关系. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (8) : 2882 -2900 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240054
Qing ZENG, Siyi LIU, Jifang XIANG, Zhihuai LIANG, Changchun ZHAI, Baomin YAO, Lili HAN, Anhui GE, Limei ZHANG. Microbial communities in the rhizosphere of watermelon varieties resistant and susceptible to Fusarium wilt: differences and relationship with disease occurrence[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (8) : 2882 -2900 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240054
现代农业生产中单一品种高密度的重茬种植以及不合理的化肥、农药施用,造成土传病害(soil-borne diseases)频繁暴发[1]。据报道,全球每年因土传病害导致的作物产量损失达20%−35%[2]。在我国,温室大棚蔬菜和香蕉、甘蔗、烟草、西瓜等几十种经济作物均存在严重的土传病害,造成的损失达数百亿元,严重制约农业可持续发展[3]。土传病害往往是生活在土壤中的病原物在条件适宜时侵染植物根部或茎部而发生的,导致植物迅速发病影响其正常生长甚至死亡[1]。由于病原菌在土壤中具有较高的隐蔽性,化学农药对土传病害的防控效果有限,而且过量使用会对环境造成不利影响。因此,探索土传病害防控策略,对于减少化学农药使用,推动农业绿色发展至关重要。
土壤中栖居着丰富多样的微生物,除病原微生物外,绝大部分微生物是中性或有益的,它们在驱动元素循环、保持土壤肥力、促进植物生长等方面发挥着重要作用[4]。植物可以分泌约11%−40%光合作用产物到土壤中,吸引多种微生物在根际定殖,因此根际是微生物活动的热区[5-6]。土传病原菌需要首先在根际定殖才能继续侵染宿主植物根系,因此根际微生物被认为是植物抵御病原菌入侵的“第一道防线”[7]。然而,长期连作可能会导致根际微生物种群失衡,诱发病原菌的增殖和入侵并最终导致土传病害暴发。据报道,土传病害的暴发往往与病原菌丰度的大幅增加和根际微生物群落的剧烈变化有关[8]。鉴于根际微生物的重要性,探明根际微生物群落与土传病害发生的关系有助于揭示土传病害防控的微生物机制。
根际微生物群落是植物、微生物及其所处的土壤环境之间相互作用和反馈的结果。植物自身在根际微生物群落的形成中发挥着关键作用,健康的植物根际往往具有更丰富的潜在拮抗微生物[9],因此提高植物抗病性是防控土传病害的重要手段之一。抗性品种培育被认为是防治土传病害最有效、最经济、最可持续的途径之一[1]。越来越多的研究表明,植物及与其共同生活的微生物群落形成了密不可分的“共生功能体” (holobiont),共同作用于植物适应性,这为传统的抗性育种提供了新的机遇[10]。例如,菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)抗病品种富集了大量与植物促生和抗病有关的潜在有益微生物[11]。在抗病水稻种子中富集并能世代间传播的鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas melonis)通过分泌小分子物质氨茴酸(anthranilic acid)帮助水稻抵御细菌性立枯病病原菌伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia plantarii)的入侵[12]。因此,通过作物育种构建免疫型根际微生态环境是减少化学农药使用的有效途径。
西瓜[Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai]是全球范围内集约化种植的栽培水果,由于连作障碍导致的枯萎病暴发,严重影响其产量和品质[13]。西瓜枯萎病主要由尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, FON)引起,其主要通过破坏西瓜维管组织影响植株水分运输,从而导致植株地上部分大面积萎蔫进而迅速死亡,对西瓜种植业造成了严重的破坏[9]。为探明不同基因型西瓜抗病能力及其与根际微生物的关系,本研究以西瓜枯萎病感病品种“早佳8424”和抗病品种“西农8号”为研究对象,将2个品种种植于连作障碍严重的土壤中进行盆栽试验。通过根际微生物组扩增子测序分析,结合西瓜抗感病表型数据和根际病原菌丰度,研究了植物、病原菌和根际微生物群落之间的相互作用,以期为作物抗病品种培育防治土传病害提供科学依据和指导。
西瓜盆栽试验于湖南省长沙市湖南农业科学院高桥科研基地(113°20′58″E, 28°28′54″N)进行,该地区属于亚热带季风气候,年平均降水量为1 368 mm,年平均气温17.2 ℃。盆栽供试土壤采自该地连作5年的西瓜病圃,土壤类型为老成土(ultisol)。选择西瓜枯萎病感病品种“早佳8424” (‘zaojia 8424’, ZJ8424)和抗病品种“西农8号” (‘xinong 8’, XN8)进行盆栽试验,每个处理4盆重复,每盆装入20 kg供试土壤,并于2018年4月下旬移栽西瓜幼苗,每盆移栽4株。为模拟西瓜枯萎病发病条件,盆栽试验置于日光温室大棚中进行。西瓜移栽前,每盆施用1.6 g复合肥(N: P2O5: K2O=15:15:15)作为底肥,栽培期间管理措施保持一致。
西瓜幼苗移栽后于第4周发病稳定期观测并记录枯萎病病情指数,西瓜根际土壤分别在第4周(5月21日)和第9周(6月23日)采用抖根法采集[9]。每盆盆栽破坏性采集2株西瓜的根际土壤并均匀混合。取出约50 g土壤置于干冰中寄往实验室并在−80 ℃冰箱内保存用于DNA提取。剩余土壤过2 mm筛,置于4 ℃冰箱保存用于土壤理化和基础呼吸分析。
采用1 mol/L的KCl溶液浸提NH4+-N和NO3-N,并用连续流动分析仪(SEAL Analytical公司)测定。采用0.5 mol/L的K2SO4溶液提取土壤可溶性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC),并用总有机碳分析仪(total organic carbon, TOC)分析仪(Analytik Jena公司)测定。土壤总碳(total carbon, TC)和总氮(total nitrogen, TN)采用元素分析仪(Elementar公司)测定。土壤基础呼吸(soil basal respiration, SBR)速率采用微宇宙培养法测定[9]。使用气相色谱(Agilent公司)测定CO2浓度,并计算单位时间内净CO2累积量作为土壤基础呼吸速率。
使用DNeasy PowerSoil Pro Kit (QIAGEN公司)从0.5 g土壤中提取根际土壤微生物总DNA。使用NanoDrop分光光度计(ThermoFisher Scientific公司)测定DNA的浓度和纯度。提取的DNA保存在−80 ℃冰箱内用于下一步扩增和测序。
采用巢式PCR方法对病原菌FON进行实时荧光定量PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qPCR)检测(Bio-Rad公司)[14]。通过引物对Fonq-F (5′-G TTGCTTACGGTTCTAACTGTGC-3′)和Fonp1-R (5′-CTGGTACGGAATGGCCGATCAG-3′)进行第一轮预扩增。PCR反应体系(20 μL):2×TransStart® Tip Green qPCR SuperMix 10 μL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各0.5 μL,DNA模板2.0 μL,ddH2O 7.0 μL。第一轮PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性4 min;95 ℃变性5 s,60 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,18个循环;72 ℃延伸10 min。然后将第一轮预扩增得到的产物用引物对Fonq-F和Fonq-R (5′-GGTACTTGGAAGGAATTGTGGG-3′)进行第二轮PCR扩增,反应体系同上,但DNA模板改为2.0 μL第一轮扩增PCR产物。第二轮PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性4 min;95 ℃变性5 s,60 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,33个循环;72 ℃延伸10 min。为了减少因DNA提取过程造成的误差,将10倍稀释梯度的FON孢子加入不含FON的土壤中,采取同样的方法提取土壤DNA并进行PCR扩增。标准曲线的扩增效率为93.2%,R2为0.988。
选用引物对799F (5′-AACMGGATTAGAT ACCCKG-3′)和1115R (5′-AGGGTTGCGCTCGTT G-3′)、fITS7 (5′-GTGARTCATCGAATCTTTG-3′)和ITS4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATG-3′)分别对细菌16S rRNA基因V5−V6区和真菌ITS2区进行扩增[15-16]。PCR反应体系均为25 μL:2×Premix Ex Taq® 12.5 μL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各0.5 μL,DNA模板2.0 μL,ddH2O 9.5 μL。细菌16S rRNA基因V5−V6区PCR扩增条件:94 ℃预变性2 min;94 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸45 s,30个循环;72 ℃延伸10 min。真菌ITS2区扩增程序:94 ℃预变性5 min;94 ℃变性30 s,56.5 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,35个循环;72 ℃延伸7 min。得到的PCR产物使用纯化试剂盒(Axygen公司)进行纯化。最后,纯化后的细菌和真菌PCR产物分别以等物质的量浓度混合在一起,构建文库后在MiSeq PE250测序仪(Illumina公司)上进行高通量测序。
在QIIME v1.9.0软件平台对原始测序数据进行分析[17]。首先将引物序列以及低质量序列(质量分数 < 30)末端去除。然后使用USEARCH将双端序列拼接成单条序列,然后对这些序列进行质控(去除拼接后错误值大于0.5的序列)及去重[18]。使用UNOISE3方法去除序列中的嵌合体并按照100%的序列相似度进行聚类以形成“零半径操作分类单元(zero-radius operational taxonomic units, ZOTUs)[19]。使用BLAST算法将细菌和真菌ZOTU代表序列与细菌SILVA (version_132)数据库和真菌UNITE (version_7.2)数据库进行比对[20-21]。去除非细菌和非真菌的ZOTU后,将细菌和真菌每个样品获得的序列分别抽平至11 555条和20 755条,生成供下游分析的ZOTU表。利用脚本alpha_diversity.py和beta_diversity.py分别计算微生物的α多样性(ZOTU丰富度和Shannon指数)和β多样性(基于Weighted UniFrac距离)。利用脚本nmds.py进行非度量多维标度(non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMDS)分析。细菌和真菌原始测序数据存储在国家微生物科学数据中心,数据编号分别为NMDC40050779−NMDC40050798和NMDC40050811−NMDC40050830。
综合2个取样时期,利用Cytoscape v3.7.1中的CoNet插件在ZOTU水平上对根际土壤细菌和真菌群落进行共现网络分析[22-23]。选择在全部样品中均存在的核心ZOTU用于后续的网络分析,并采用Pearson相关分析、Spearman相关分析、Bray-Curtis相异性分析、Kullback-Leibler相异性分析和Mutual information分析这5种方法计算配对关联得分[22],并取前5%的相关性进行进一步的分析。之后进行100次迭代的排列(permutation)以避免假阳性以及1 000次置换检验(bootstrap)将结果重新分布。最后使用Brown检验将这5种方法产生的P值合并,并通过Benjamini-Hochberg方法进行多重检验校正(P < 0.05)[24]。利用Gephi v0.9.2将网络可视化,并计算网络拓扑参数[25]
土壤性质、枯萎病病情指数和病原菌丰度以及根际土壤微生物α多样性的单因素、双因素分析和差异显著性检验(Duncan, P < 0.05)采用SPSS v24.0软件进行。采用vegan包中的置换多元方差分析(permutational multivariate analysis of variance, PERMANOVA)检测采样时间和西瓜品种等因素对微生物群落组成影响的显著性。利用vegan包中的Spearman相关分析和Mantel检验分别计算微生物α多样性与FON丰度、微生物距离矩阵与FON距离矩阵的相关性。选取平均丰度大于0.1%的细菌属和真菌属进行线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis effect size, LEfSe)以识别感病品种和抗病品种根际土壤微生物标志物[Kruskal-Wallis检验P < 0.05, lg (LDA score) > 3.0]。
供试背景土壤的总碳和总氮含量分别为14.72 g/kg和1.71 g/kg,土壤pH值为5.20。分别在西瓜苗移栽4周和9周后采集根际土壤,并对根际土壤理化性质和基础呼吸速率进行了测定(图1)。结果表明,西瓜枯萎病抗病和感病品种间根际土壤无机氮(铵态氮和硝态氮)和可溶性有机碳含量无显著变化(图1A1C)。然而,与感病品种相比,抗病品种根际土壤具有较高的基础呼吸速率,在移栽4周和9周后呼吸速率分别增加了106.32%和37.76% (图1DP < 0.05)。这些结果表明抗感病品种对根际微生物活性具有显著的影响。
西瓜移栽2周后出现枯萎病症状,并在第4周时达到稳定期。通过对枯萎病病情指数进行统计后发现,抗性品种的病情指数显著低于感病品种(图2A),这与其抗病性状相一致。基于病原菌FON丰度的双因素方差分析结果表明,不同品种和采样时期显著影响了病原菌FON的丰度(图2BP < 0.05)。与枯萎病感病品种相比,抗性品种根际的病原菌丰度较低,特别是在生长后期(第9周)根际病原菌丰度降低至62 600 copies/g土壤,而感病品种根际病原菌丰度达1 430 000 copies/g土壤(图2B)。此外,抗性品种根际病原菌丰度在生长后期与初始连作土壤病原菌丰度(57 400 copies/g土壤)接近(图2B),表明种植抗性品种西瓜并未进一步富集病原菌,这暗示着抗性品种根际微生物与病原菌存在一定的互作关系以维持植物健康。
原始高通量测序数据经过质量控制后,细菌和真菌分别获得了2 439个和600个ZOTUs。双因素方差分析结果显示,抗感病品种间根际微生物的α多样性(ZOTU丰富度和香农指数)无显著变化(图3)。采样时期对细菌α多样性也无显著影响(图3AP > 0.05),但真菌α多样性在植物生长后期显著降低(图3BP < 0.05)。基于Weighted UniFrac距离的NMDS方法对根际微生物的β多样性进行降维分析发现,根际微生物β多样性和初始非根际土壤间在NMDS1轴存在显著分异(图4P < 0.001),表明植物根际对微生物具有强烈的选择效应。进一步通过PERMANOVA检验发现品种对根际微生物群落β多样性具有显著的影响(图4P < 0.01),其中细菌受到的影响大于真菌(细菌:R2=0.209;真菌:R2=0.119) (图4)。同时,采样时间也显著影响了根际细菌和真菌群落的β多样性(图4P < 0.05)。
细菌和真菌α多样性(香农指数)与病原菌FON丰度的Spearman相关性结果显示,细菌α多样性与病原菌丰度无相关性,而真菌α多样性与病原菌丰度仅存在微弱正相关(表1P=0.046)。同时,Mantel分析结果显示,细菌和真菌群落β多样性与病原菌存在显著的相关性(表1,细菌:Mantel’s r=0.343,P=0.001;真菌:Mantel’s r=0.281,P=0.005)。这些结果表明,与根际微生物α多样性相比,β多样性(群落组成)与病原菌的丰度具有更强的相关性,暗示某些微生物类群可能在与病原菌互作过程中起到关键作用。
在门水平上,西瓜根际细菌主要由α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)等组成,分别占细菌序列的36.26%、11.61%、18.68%和14.75% (图5A)。差异分析(LEfSe)结果表明,抗病品种根际富集的细菌类群主要属于放线菌门(图6A)。特别地,链霉菌科(Streptomycetaceae)、类诺卡氏菌科(Nocardioidaceae)、糖霉菌科(Glycomycetaceae)、酸热菌科(Acidothermaceae)等属于放线菌门的类群在抗病品种根际显著富集(图6A)。此外,根瘤菌科(Rhizobiaceae)和鞘氨醇单胞菌科(Sphingomonadaceae)等属于α-变形菌纲的类群也在抗病品种根际富集。然而,感病品种根际主要富集了属于酸杆菌门的Subgroup13目和全噬菌目(Holophagales)以及属于γ-变形菌纲的酸硫杆菌目(Acidithiobacillales)等细菌类群(图6A)。
根际真菌主要由属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota)的粪壳菌纲(Sordariomycetes)、座囊菌纲(Dothideomycetes)、散囊菌纲(Eurotiomycetes)和属于担子菌门(Basidiomycota)的伞菌纲(Agaricomycetes)以及属于被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)的被孢霉纲(Mortierellomycetes)组成(图5B)。LEfSe分析结果表明,座囊菌纲主要在抗病品种根际富集(图6B)。镰刀菌属(Fusarium)是抗病品种的生物标志物,其主要由未分类的镰刀菌(unidentified Fusarium)和腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)组成(图6C)。此外,包括木霉菌属(Trichoderma)在内的肉座菌科(Hypocreaceae)是感病品种根际的生物标志物(图6B)。
进一步在ZOTU水平上构建微生物(细菌和真菌)共现网络以探究抗感病品种根际潜在的微生物相互作用。总的来说,抗病品种根际的微生物网络具有较高的复杂度,节点数、边数和平均度比感病品种分别增加了9.07%、28.77%和18.18% (图7A7B)。另外,放线菌门是抗病植物根际共现网络的主要类群,其占比明显高于感病品种根际微生物网络,而酸杆菌门与变形菌门呈现相反的趋势。这与差异分析的结果一致,表明放线菌门主导了抗病品种根际微生物潜在互作模式(图7C7D)。
根际微生物作为植物防御的“第一道防线”,植物能够通过根系分泌物或者免疫系统招募植物促生和病原体拮抗微生物以重塑根际微生物组来保护自身免受侵染[9, 26]。本研究采用高通量测序结合植物抗感病表型观测和根际病原菌定量的方法,利用镰刀菌土传病害发生严重的温室大棚土壤进行盆栽试验,对不同品种根际土壤理化和生物学特征以及根际微生物组进行了比较研究。结果表明,抗病品种具有较低的枯萎病发病程度,并显著降低了根际病原菌FON丰度,这与其感病表型相一致;同时,抗感病品种根际微生物活性和群落组成存在显著差异。这些结果进一步证实了根际微生物可能通过与病原菌以及宿主植物互作在根际免疫系统中发挥着“生物屏障”的重要作用以维持植物健康[27-28]。此外,Mantel和Spearman相关分析结果表明,根际细菌和真菌群落组成与FON丰度呈显著相关,而真菌α多样性与FON丰度仅存在微弱正相关,表明根际微生物群落组成比α多样性在病害发生的过程中更加重要。类似地,近期研究发现微生物群落组成而非多样性在维持农田生态系统多重功能中发挥重要作用,这可能是由于特定类群在其中发挥了关键作用[29]
不同根际微生物类群间相互作用,形成高度连接和动态的网络关系以适应环境变化和维持宿主功能[30]。在本研究中,与感病品种相比,抗病品种根际具有更高的微生物网络复杂性、节点平均度和负相互作用比例。类似地,在镰刀菌抑病性土壤和未连作土壤中也观察到高度连接的微生物关联网络[11, 31-32]。同时,有研究指出微生物群落稳定性与网络复杂性和高比例的负相互作用正相关[33],这说明抗病品种根际微生物群落可能更为稳定。较高的微生物网络复杂性能够提高宿主抗性,也是生态系统稳定性和功能维持的重要特征之一[34-35]。抗病品种根际较高的网络复杂性和稳定性可能有利于维持微生物间的相互作用,提高资源竞争能力,从而提高宿主植物对包括病原体入侵在内的生物胁迫的抗性。
揭示与病原菌抑制相关的关键微生物对于指导土传病害的生物防治策略具有重要意义。差异分析结果发现,抗病品种显著富集了放线菌门(包括链霉菌科、类诺卡氏菌科和糖霉菌科)和α-变形菌纲(包括根瘤菌科和鞘氨醇单胞菌科)。链霉菌通常被认为具有拮抗作用,可以通过分泌抗真菌化合物并在植物根系定殖从而赋予植物抗病能力和对胁迫环境的适应性[36]。据统计,链霉菌产生的抗生素种类约为微生物产生的抗生素总量的90%[37]。Cha等研究报道了土壤链霉菌菌株S4-7产生的一种硫肽类抗生素介导了其对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用[38]。除分泌抗生素外,链霉菌还可通过合成裂解酶破坏病原菌细胞壁而产生拮抗作用。例如,从水稻中分离出来的内生放线菌米修链霉菌(Streptomyces misionensis)具有纤维素酶和蛋白酶活性,同时可产生植物生长促进剂,如铁载体、吲哚乙酸和1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸脱氨酶,有效抑制了稻瘟病病原真菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)菌丝生长[39]。近期的研究发现在西瓜长期连作土壤中应用不吸水链霉菌(Streptomyces ahygroscopicus) 769菌株发酵产物,通过丰富有益微生物类群并诱导植物防御机制以降低枯萎病发病率[40]。本研究进一步发现放线菌是抗病品种根际微生物共现网络中的关键类群,表明抗病品种根际土壤中富集的放线菌类群可能作为关键物种驱动着根际微生物群落构建以抵御病原菌入侵。此外,根瘤菌等一些属于α-变形菌纲的微生物类群,作为被广泛报道的植物促生菌,能够通过产生辅酶、类胡萝卜素等次级代谢产物从而有助于植物养分吸收和病原菌抑制[41],本研究中抗病品种根际土壤中根瘤菌科较高的相对丰度代表了根际稳定的潜在共生关系。鞘氨醇单胞菌是已知的烃类降解菌,与植物根系分泌物的利用密切相关[42]。然而,酸杆菌门则呈现相反的趋势,在感病品种根际中富集,并在感病品种根际微生物共现网络中发挥重要作用。酸杆菌是土壤中的耐酸类群,也是一类寡营养的微生物[43],其在感病品种根际的富集表明感病品种根际分泌物数量和质量较低。这些结果都说明了抗病品种对镰刀菌FON具有明显的抑制作用,其抗病表型的体现伴随着根际微生物群落的改变和有益微生物的富集。
另外,尽管抗病品种根际土壤中病原镰刀菌FON的丰度显著降低,但抗病品种根际中镰刀菌属的相对丰度却高于感病品种,并且主要以腐皮镰刀菌和未分类的镰刀菌为代表。这与之前的研究类似,与发病植物相比,健康西瓜根际镰刀菌属比例明显升高,并且主要以轮枝镰刀菌(F. verticillioides)和腐皮镰刀菌为代表[9]。由于西瓜枯萎病病原菌具有小种专化性,因此不同的尖孢镰刀菌专化型或者不同的镰刀菌种通常不会引起西瓜发病[44]。此外,之前的报道发现从抑病土壤中分离出来的非致病镰刀菌可以与病原菌争夺营养或生态位并诱导植物系统抗性,可以作为生防菌发挥功能[44-45]。因此,存在于抗病品种根际的非FON镰刀菌可能通过发挥拮抗作用从而阻止病原菌的定殖。除拮抗作用外,在特定条件下病原菌还可作为有益微生物促进植物养分吸收,如缺磷条件下植物病原真菌炭疽菌(Colletotrichum tofieldiae)在拟南芥根上定殖,从而将大量磷酸盐转移到嫩枝上为植物提供磷素,但不导致病害发生[46]。然而,这些物种如何引起宿主植物的不同反应以及它们如何与不同植物相互作用的机制仍有待探索。综上所述,我们的结果揭示了抗病品种可能通过显著提高植物根际微生物的活性,重塑更紧密的微生物关联网络,丰富有益微生物类群,从而赋予植物更强的抗病性。
本研究利用高通量测序技术对西瓜枯萎病抗感品种根际微生物群落进行了比较研究,揭示了土传病害抗感品种植物根际土壤具有截然不同的微生物群落组成和共现网络互作关系。通过明确植物基因型影响病害发生的规律及其与微生物群落之间的关系,进一步探讨了放线菌、根瘤菌和非FON镰刀菌等抗病品种根际富集的关键微生物类群在植物抵御病原菌侵染过程中的潜在作用。相关研究结果从植物-病原菌-有益微生物互作角度为通过作物抗病品种培育防治土传病害提供了重要依据,未来需要结合培养组学进一步探索抗病品种富集的关键微生物类群与抗病表型之间的因果关系及其互作机制。
  • 井冈山农高区省级科技专项“揭榜挂帅”项目(20222-051244)
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2024年第64卷第8期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240054
  • 接收时间:2024-01-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-05-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-19
  • 录用日期:2024-04-26
基金
"Unveiling the List of Hanging" Science and Technology Project of Jinggangshan Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone(20222-051244)
井冈山农高区省级科技专项“揭榜挂帅”项目(20222-051244)
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    1 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085
    2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
    3 浏阳市社港镇重点项目建设服务中心, 湖南 长沙 410327
    4 湖南省农业科学院 湖南省农业生物技术研究所, 湖南 长沙 410125
    5 河北大学生命科学学院, 河北 保定 071002

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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