Article(id=1241379097159455493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241379085109219745, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230744, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1701532800000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1712073600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-03, onlineDate=1773897440470, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1720022400000, pubDateStr=2024-07-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773897440470, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773897440470, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897440470, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241379085109219745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='7', pageStart='2151', pageEnd='2582', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773897437598, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897688675, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241380138257010733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241379085109219745, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241380138257010734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241379085109219745, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2337, endPage=2351, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241379099306939219, articleId=1241379097159455493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=The non-catalytic site Y700 regulates diguanylate cyclase activity of PA0847 inPseudomonas aeruginosa, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To identify the diguanylate cyclase activity of the intracellular domain and its mutants of PA0847 fromPseudomonas aeruginosa and preliminarily probe into its catalytic mechanism. [Methods] Congo red plate staining was employed to verify the diguanylate cyclase activity of the intracellular domain of PA0847. PCR was employed to construct the PA0847 PAS-GGDEF domain and its single-point mutants, and the corresponding proteins were expressed and purified. Gel filtration chromatography was utilized to analyze the aggregation states of proteins in solution. The diguanylate cyclase activity of the proteins was identified byin-vitro enzymatic reactions. Based on thiazole orange fluorescence staining, the production of cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) was determined after the enzymatic reactions, and the amino acid residues closely related to the activity of diguanylate cyclase were screened. The structural models of PA0847 PAS-GGDEF and its complex with guanosine triphosphate (GTP) were obtained by structure prediction combined with molecular docking. [Results] PA0847 PAS-GGDEF primarily exerted its catalytic activity as a dimer, with the PAS domain facilitating the dimer formation and increasing the activity of the diguanylate cyclase. Mutant screening revealed a significant increase in the activity of the non-catalytic site mutant Y700A compared with the wild type at a low protein concentration (< 0.6 mg/mL). Gel filtration chromatography indicated that the heightened activity may be attributed to the enhanced GGDEF (Gly-Gly-Asp-Glu-Phe) dimerization driven by Y700A. Structural modeling revealed that PA0847 PAS-GGDEF had a conserved GTP binding site, in which the amino side chain of K722 played an important role in binding to the phosphoryl group of GTP. The aromatic ring of Y700 engaged in a hydrophobic interaction with the alpha-helix containing K722. Therefore, the mutation Y700A may alter the spatial orientation of the K722-containing helix, which promoted the binding of K722 to the substrate GTP and the dimerization of GGDEF. [Conclusion] The non-catalytic site Y700 of PA0847 fromPseudomonas aeruginosa can indirectly regulate the diguanylate cyclase activity.

, correspAuthors=Yan ZHANG, Zhi LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: ZHANG Yan,;
E-mail: LIN Zhi,
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wangxin XIAO, Tingting YANG, Weidong HUANG, Wensu YUAN, Yan ZHANG, Zhi LIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241379101169209394, articleId=1241379097159455493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=铜绿假单胞菌中PA0847二鸟苷酸环化酶活性受非催化位点Y700调控, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】鉴定铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)中PA0847胞内结构域及其突变体的二鸟苷酸环化酶活性,并初步探究其催化机制。【方法】利用刚果红平板染色法验证PA0847胞内域的二鸟苷酸环化酶活性;采用PCR技术构建PA0847 PAS-GGDEF结构域及其单点突变体,并经过表达纯化获得相应蛋白;经凝胶分子筛层析分析蛋白在溶液中的聚集状态;通过体外酶促反应鉴定蛋白的二鸟苷酸环化酶活性,基于噻唑橙荧光染色检测蛋白酶促反应后环鸟苷二磷酸(cyclic diguanylate monophosphate, c-di-GMP)的生成量,并筛选与二鸟苷酸环化酶活性密切相关的氨基酸残基;联用结构预测和分子对接获得PA0847 PAS-GGDEF二聚体以及结合三磷酸鸟苷(guanosine triphosphate, GTP)的复合物结构模型。【结果】PA0847 PAS-GGDEF主要以二聚体形式发挥催化活性,PAS结构域促进二聚体形成,有效提高二鸟苷酸环化酶活性;突变筛选发现,在低蛋白浓度(0.6 mg/mL)下,非催化位点突变体Y700A活性较野生型显著提高;凝胶分子筛层析表明,其高活性可能与Y700A突变促进GGDEF (Gly-Gly-Asp-Glu-Phe)结构域二聚化有关;结构模型分析显示,PA0847 PAS-GGDEF与GTP结合位点保守,其中K722的氨基侧链在结合GTP的磷酸基团中发挥着重要作用,而Y700芳香环侧链与K722所在的α螺旋有疏水互作,因此Y700A突变可能改变了K722所在螺旋的空间取向,进而促进K722与底物GTP的结合以及GGDEF二聚化。【结论】铜绿假单胞菌PA0847的非催化位点Y700可间接调控二鸟苷酸环化酶活性。

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putida by the CfcA/CfcR two-component system in response to salts[J].Environmental Microbiology,2022,24(1):158-178., articleTitle=C-di-GMP and biofilm are regulated inPseudomonas putida by the CfcA/CfcR two-component system in response to salts, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241445824157241718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, doi=10.1128/spectrum.01026-21, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=3, pageStart=e0102621, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=Microbiology Spectrum, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUTCHIN A, CORDERY C, WALSH MA, WEBB JS, TEWS I.Phylogenetic analysis with prediction of cofactor or ligand binding forPseudomonas aeruginosa PAS and cache domains[J].Microbiology Spectrum,2021,9(3):e0102621., articleTitle=Phylogenetic analysis with prediction of cofactor or ligand binding forPseudomonas aeruginosa PAS and cache domains, 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Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241445798605541999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, companyId=1241445798496490092, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 天津大学生命科学学院, 天津 300072)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241445798815257204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241445798836228728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, companyId=1241445798815257204, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750003, Ningxia, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241445798844617338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, companyId=1241445798815257204, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 宁夏医科大学基础医学院, 宁夏 银川 750003)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241445810454451157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Validation of di-guanosine cyclase activities of two intracellular GGDEF-containing domains. A: Domain prediction of PA0847 (https://www.uniprot.org/). The residue numbers of different domains are indicated. Two predicted transmembrane helices are shown in light blue. B: Congo red staining results of two recombinant PA0847 proteins (PA0847 GGDEF and PA0847 PAS-GGDEF) expressed inEscherichia coli. The vector pET-32a(+) is used as a negative control. C: Results of c-di-GMP standard (left) and samples after PA0847 PAS-GGDEF protein participation reaction (right) by MS., figureFileSmall=oFRwEiwZPb02GtU5BZWvTw==, figureFileBig=dr8Ukr8aDFfKLVk8rjSTTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445810651583451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PA0847含GGDEF的胞内结构域二鸟苷酸环化酶活性验证

A:PA0847结构域预测. 标示了不同的结构域的氨基酸序号,浅蓝色处显示预测的跨膜螺旋. B:通过刚果红平板法检测2个在大肠杆菌中过表达的PA0847蛋白二鸟苷酸环化酶活性(PA0847 GGDEF和PA0847 PAS-GGDEF). C:MS检测c-di-GMP标准品(左)及PA0847 PAS-GGDEF蛋白反应产物样品(右)结果

, figureFileSmall=oFRwEiwZPb02GtU5BZWvTw==, figureFileBig=dr8Ukr8aDFfKLVk8rjSTTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445810899047405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Di-guanylate cyclase activity of PA0847 PAS-GGDEF and PA0847 GGDEF analyzed by thiazole orange fluorescence assay. A: SDS-PAGE of purified PA0847 PAS-GGDEF protein. Lane 1: Protein marker; Lane 2: Purified PA0847 PAS-GGDEF protein. B: SDS-PAGE of purified PA0847 GGDEF protein. Lane 3: Protein marker; Lane 4: Purified PA0847 GGDEF protein. C: Di-guanylate cyclase activity of PA0847 PAS-GGDEF and PA0847 GGDEF analyzed by thiazole orange fluorescence assay. Error bars represent standard error (SE), and Student'st test was used to test for significant differences (n=3),****:P < 0.000 1., figureFileSmall=wVNRGPjNS1/EWm42nSKm8A==, figureFileBig=uqiRFCjWETX6iN7Z8kxVmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445811062625269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=CN, label=图2, caption=通过噻唑橙荧光测定分析PA0847 PAS-GGDEF和PA0847 GGDEF的二鸟苷酸环化酶活性

A:纯化后的PA0847 PAS-GGDEF蛋白的SDS-PAGE图. 泳道1:标准蛋白;泳道2:纯化后的PA0847 PAS-GGDEF蛋白. B:纯化后的PA0847 GGDEF蛋白的SDS-PAGE图. 泳道3:标准蛋白;泳道4:纯化后的PA0847 GGDEF蛋白. C:通过噻唑橙荧光测定分析PA0847 PAS-GGDEF和PA0847 GGDEF的二鸟苷酸环化酶活性. 误差线代表标准误差(SE),采用t检验分析检验是否存在显著差异(n=3),****P < 0.000 1

, figureFileSmall=wVNRGPjNS1/EWm42nSKm8A==, figureFileBig=uqiRFCjWETX6iN7Z8kxVmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445814506147843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Assembly states of PA0847 PAS, PA0847 GGDEF, and PA0847 PAS-GGDEF in solution analyzed by gel filtration. A: PA0847 PAS in low concentration (~3.5 mg/mL). Peak 1, peak 2, and peak 3 correspond to apparent molecular weights of 99, 33, and 22 kDa, respectively. B: PA0847 GGDEF in low concentration (~3.5 mg/mL). Peak 1 at ~20 kDa. C: PA0847 PAS-GGDEF in low concentration (~3.5 mg/mL). Peak 1 at ~32 kDa. D. GGDEF in high concentration (~10 mg/mL). Peak 1 at ~40 kDa. E: PA0847 PAS-GGDEF in high concentration (~10 mg/mL). Peak 1, peak 2, and peak 3 correspond to apparent molecular weights of approximately 96, 64, and 32 kDa, respectively., figureFileSmall=ZGw+FoWESpj2n+FiInZz5g==, figureFileBig=0kaznVRfDxcyeHOUVJCb8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445814652948497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=CN, label=图3, caption=通过凝胶过滤分析溶液中PA0847 PAS、PA0847 GGDEF和PA0847 PAS-GGDEF的组装状态

A:低浓度PA0847 PAS分子筛图. 峰1、峰2、峰3大致对应表观分子量分别为99、33、22 kDa. B:低浓度PA0847 GGDEF分子筛凝胶图. 峰1大致对应表观分子量为20 kDa. C:低浓度PA0847 PAS-GGDEF分子筛凝胶图. 峰1大致对应表观分子量为32 kDa. D:高浓度PA0847 GGDEF分子筛凝胶图. 峰1大致对应表观分子量为40 kDa. E:高浓度PA0847 PAS-GGDEF分子筛凝胶图(~10 mg/mL). 峰1、峰2、峰3大致对应表观分子量分别为96、64、32 kDa

, figureFileSmall=ZGw+FoWESpj2n+FiInZz5g==, figureFileBig=0kaznVRfDxcyeHOUVJCb8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445814799749146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Sequences comparison between PA0847 PAS-GGDEF with di-guanosine cyclase with known structures. PA0575 (PDB ID: 5M3C[13]) fromPseudomonas aeruginosa, PA1120 (PD ID: 7A7E[14]) fromPseudomonas aeruginosa, PA2771 (PDB ID: 4ZMM) fromPseudomonas aeruginosa, tpbB (PDB ID: 4IOB[15]) fromPseudomonas aeruginosa; dgcB (PBD ID: 6TTS) fromCaulobacter vibrioides, dosC (PDB ID: 4ZVH[16]) fromEscherichia coli, and TM_1788 (PD ID: 4URS[17]) fromThermotoga maritima. Conserved residues are highlighted in grey and Y700 in orange. Key residues involved in cyclase activity are labeled above the sequences., figureFileSmall=EO3d32XF7G7tzvTPTbLnvw==, figureFileBig=bUD2Tqz4P+/7X+85RbNrGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445815080767524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PA0847 PAS-GGDEF与已知结构的二鸟苷酸环化酶序列比对, figureFileSmall=EO3d32XF7G7tzvTPTbLnvw==, figureFileBig=bUD2Tqz4P+/7X+85RbNrGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445815319842870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Di-Guanylate cyclase activity of PA0847 PAS-GGDEF WT and mutants (Y700A and Y700W) analyzed by thiazole orange fluorescence assay. A: SDS-PAGE of purified proteins. Lane 1: Protein marker; Lane 2: PA0847 PAS-GGDEF WT protein; Lane 3: Y700A protein; Lane 4: Y700W protein. B: Analysis of di-guanylate cyclase activity of PA0847 PAS-GGDEF WT and mutants using thiazole orange fluorescence assay. Error bars represent standard error (SE) and Student'st test was used to test for significant differences (n=3),****:P < 0.000 1., figureFileSmall=eVpFj5uOqfbi800XlsFB1w==, figureFileBig=U/hN6UyP/vU/9qYnlsXEXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445815458254914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=CN, label=图5, caption=通过噻唑橙荧光测定分析PA0847 PAS-GGDEF WT和突变体(Y700A和Y700W)的二鸟苷酸环化酶活性

A:纯化蛋白的SDS-PAGE图. 泳道1:标准蛋白;泳道2:PA0847 PAS-GGDEF WT蛋白;泳道3:Y700A蛋白;泳道4:Y700W蛋白. B:使用噻唑橙荧光测定法分析PA0847 PAS-GGDEF WT和突变体的二鸟苷酸环化酶活性.误差线代表标准误差(SE),采用t检验分析检验是否存在显著差异(n=3),****P < 0.000 1

, figureFileSmall=eVpFj5uOqfbi800XlsFB1w==, figureFileBig=U/hN6UyP/vU/9qYnlsXEXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445815693135949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Molecular sieve analysis of the effect of Y700A mutation on PA0847 PAS-GGDEF assembly. The expanded view highlights the differences in peak positions., figureFileSmall=2kWnCDaf5WbbiQYL/g1C+g==, figureFileBig=sRfoqHt+02PA7rViwXXQTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445815844130902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=CN, label=图6, caption=分子筛分析突变体Y700A对PA0847 PAS-GGDEF聚集的影响, figureFileSmall=2kWnCDaf5WbbiQYL/g1C+g==, figureFileBig=sRfoqHt+02PA7rViwXXQTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445816141926498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Structural modeling analysis of PA0847 PAS-GGDEF. A: Structure model of PA0847 PAS-GGDEF dimer predicted by AlphaFold[19]. B: Complex model of GTP-bound PAS-GGDEF dimer obtained by HADDOCK2.2 calculation[21]. C: Complex model of c-di-GMP-bound PAS-GGDEF dimer obtained by HADDOCK2.2 calculation[21]. D: The GTP-binding and c-di-GMP-binding sites of PA0847 PAS-GGDEF. GTP-binding site are shown in red dashed boxes and the c-di-GMP-binding in black dashed boxes. E: Hydrophobic interaction between Y700 and L710. GTP-binding residue K722 is located in the same helix as residue L710. F: Analysis of c-di-GMP on different I-sites. For clarity, all c-di-GMP molecules are shown in tan dots. The I-sites of PA0847 PAS-GGDEF, PleD, and WspR are colored in pink, green, and blue, respectively., figureFileSmall=4pf4cTmu/l/YjbJogUjxhQ==, figureFileBig=z+RhhvH8DF6WhK1+wxAMZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445816389390443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=CN, label=图7, caption=PA0847 PAS-GGDEF的结构模型分析

A:通过AlphaFold[19]预测获得的PA0847 PAS-GGDEF二聚体结构模型. B:通过HADDOCK2.2[21]获得的PA0847 PAS-GGDEF二聚体结合GTP的复合物模型. C:通过HADDOCK2.2[21]获得的PA0847 PAS-GGDEF二聚体结合c-di-GMP的复合物模型. D:PA0847复合物模型中的GTP结合位点和c-di-GMP结合位点的比较,其中GTP结合位点以红色虚线框表示,c-di-GMP结合位点以黑色虚线框表示. E:Y700和L710之间的疏水相互作用. GTP结合的氨基酸残基K722与L710位于同一螺旋中. F:c-di-GMP在不同I位点上的分析. c-di-GMP用棕褐色圆点表示;PA0847 PAS-GGDEF用玫红色表示,其氨基酸序号用黑色表示;PleD及其氨基酸编号用绿色表示;WspR及其氨基酸编号用蓝色表示

, figureFileSmall=4pf4cTmu/l/YjbJogUjxhQ==, figureFileBig=z+RhhvH8DF6WhK1+wxAMZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445816519413878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Wild-type and mutant primer sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PrimerSequences (5′→3′)
PA0847 GGDEF-FCGCGGATCCCAGATCGCCTACCAGCAGCAATTG
PA0847 GGDEF-RTAGCAAGCTTTCAGGCTGGCGCCTGGTAC
PA0847 PAS-GGDEF-FCGGATCCCGCGACCGGGCGATCCTCCAGT
PA0847 PAS-GGDEF-RTAGCAAGCTTTCAGGCTGGCGCCTGGTAC
PA0847 PAS-GGDEF_Y700A-FAGCATCGGCATCGCTCTCGCACCGCGGCATGC
PA0847 PAS-GGDEF_Y700A-RGCCGGCATGCCGCGGTGCGAGAGCGATGCC
PA0847 PAS-GGDEF_Y700W-FAGCATCGGCATCGCTCTCTGGCCGCGGCATGC
PA0847 PAS-GGDEF_Y700W-RGCCGGCATGCCGCGGCCAGAGAGCGATGCC
), ArticleFig(id=1241445816624271485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379097159455493, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

野生型及突变体引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PrimerSequences (5′→3′)
PA0847 GGDEF-FCGCGGATCCCAGATCGCCTACCAGCAGCAATTG
PA0847 GGDEF-RTAGCAAGCTTTCAGGCTGGCGCCTGGTAC
PA0847 PAS-GGDEF-FCGGATCCCGCGACCGGGCGATCCTCCAGT
PA0847 PAS-GGDEF-RTAGCAAGCTTTCAGGCTGGCGCCTGGTAC
PA0847 PAS-GGDEF_Y700A-FAGCATCGGCATCGCTCTCGCACCGCGGCATGC
PA0847 PAS-GGDEF_Y700A-RGCCGGCATGCCGCGGTGCGAGAGCGATGCC
PA0847 PAS-GGDEF_Y700W-FAGCATCGGCATCGCTCTCTGGCCGCGGCATGC
PA0847 PAS-GGDEF_Y700W-RGCCGGCATGCCGCGGCCAGAGAGCGATGCC
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铜绿假单胞菌中PA0847二鸟苷酸环化酶活性受非催化位点Y700调控
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肖王鑫 1 , 杨婷婷 1 , 黄卫东 2 , 袁文肃 1 , 张燕 1, * , 林志 1, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(7): 2337-2351
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(7): 2337-2351
铜绿假单胞菌中PA0847二鸟苷酸环化酶活性受非催化位点Y700调控
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肖王鑫1, 杨婷婷1, 黄卫东2, 袁文肃1, 张燕1, * , 林志1, *
作者信息
  • 1 天津大学生命科学学院, 天津 300072
  • 2 宁夏医科大学基础医学院, 宁夏 银川 750003
The non-catalytic site Y700 regulates diguanylate cyclase activity of PA0847 inPseudomonas aeruginosa
Wangxin XIAO1, Tingting YANG1, Weidong HUANG2, Wensu YUAN1, Yan ZHANG1, * , Zhi LIN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
  • 2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750003, Ningxia, China
出版时间: 2024-07-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230744
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【目的】鉴定铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)中PA0847胞内结构域及其突变体的二鸟苷酸环化酶活性,并初步探究其催化机制。【方法】利用刚果红平板染色法验证PA0847胞内域的二鸟苷酸环化酶活性;采用PCR技术构建PA0847 PAS-GGDEF结构域及其单点突变体,并经过表达纯化获得相应蛋白;经凝胶分子筛层析分析蛋白在溶液中的聚集状态;通过体外酶促反应鉴定蛋白的二鸟苷酸环化酶活性,基于噻唑橙荧光染色检测蛋白酶促反应后环鸟苷二磷酸(cyclic diguanylate monophosphate, c-di-GMP)的生成量,并筛选与二鸟苷酸环化酶活性密切相关的氨基酸残基;联用结构预测和分子对接获得PA0847 PAS-GGDEF二聚体以及结合三磷酸鸟苷(guanosine triphosphate, GTP)的复合物结构模型。【结果】PA0847 PAS-GGDEF主要以二聚体形式发挥催化活性,PAS结构域促进二聚体形成,有效提高二鸟苷酸环化酶活性;突变筛选发现,在低蛋白浓度(0.6 mg/mL)下,非催化位点突变体Y700A活性较野生型显著提高;凝胶分子筛层析表明,其高活性可能与Y700A突变促进GGDEF (Gly-Gly-Asp-Glu-Phe)结构域二聚化有关;结构模型分析显示,PA0847 PAS-GGDEF与GTP结合位点保守,其中K722的氨基侧链在结合GTP的磷酸基团中发挥着重要作用,而Y700芳香环侧链与K722所在的α螺旋有疏水互作,因此Y700A突变可能改变了K722所在螺旋的空间取向,进而促进K722与底物GTP的结合以及GGDEF二聚化。【结论】铜绿假单胞菌PA0847的非催化位点Y700可间接调控二鸟苷酸环化酶活性。

铜绿假单胞菌  /  PA0847  /  环鸟苷二磷酸(c-di-GMP)  /  三磷酸鸟苷

[Objective] To identify the diguanylate cyclase activity of the intracellular domain and its mutants of PA0847 fromPseudomonas aeruginosa and preliminarily probe into its catalytic mechanism. [Methods] Congo red plate staining was employed to verify the diguanylate cyclase activity of the intracellular domain of PA0847. PCR was employed to construct the PA0847 PAS-GGDEF domain and its single-point mutants, and the corresponding proteins were expressed and purified. Gel filtration chromatography was utilized to analyze the aggregation states of proteins in solution. The diguanylate cyclase activity of the proteins was identified byin-vitro enzymatic reactions. Based on thiazole orange fluorescence staining, the production of cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) was determined after the enzymatic reactions, and the amino acid residues closely related to the activity of diguanylate cyclase were screened. The structural models of PA0847 PAS-GGDEF and its complex with guanosine triphosphate (GTP) were obtained by structure prediction combined with molecular docking. [Results] PA0847 PAS-GGDEF primarily exerted its catalytic activity as a dimer, with the PAS domain facilitating the dimer formation and increasing the activity of the diguanylate cyclase. Mutant screening revealed a significant increase in the activity of the non-catalytic site mutant Y700A compared with the wild type at a low protein concentration (< 0.6 mg/mL). Gel filtration chromatography indicated that the heightened activity may be attributed to the enhanced GGDEF (Gly-Gly-Asp-Glu-Phe) dimerization driven by Y700A. Structural modeling revealed that PA0847 PAS-GGDEF had a conserved GTP binding site, in which the amino side chain of K722 played an important role in binding to the phosphoryl group of GTP. The aromatic ring of Y700 engaged in a hydrophobic interaction with the alpha-helix containing K722. Therefore, the mutation Y700A may alter the spatial orientation of the K722-containing helix, which promoted the binding of K722 to the substrate GTP and the dimerization of GGDEF. [Conclusion] The non-catalytic site Y700 of PA0847 fromPseudomonas aeruginosa can indirectly regulate the diguanylate cyclase activity.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa  /  PA0847  /  cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP)  /  Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
肖王鑫, 杨婷婷, 黄卫东, 袁文肃, 张燕, 林志. 铜绿假单胞菌中PA0847二鸟苷酸环化酶活性受非催化位点Y700调控. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (7) : 2337 -2351 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230744
Wangxin XIAO, Tingting YANG, Weidong HUANG, Wensu YUAN, Yan ZHANG, Zhi LIN. The non-catalytic site Y700 regulates diguanylate cyclase activity of PA0847 inPseudomonas aeruginosa[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (7) : 2337 -2351 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230744
铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PA)是一种常见的条件致病菌,广泛存在于自然界中。临床上,铜绿假单胞菌是造成医院内感染的主要病原菌之一,具有较强的耐药性。同时,由于其相对清晰的遗传背景,铜绿假单胞菌也作为一种实验模式菌,经常被用于进行感染与免疫相关研究[1-2]。据报道,在细菌感染进程中,环鸟苷二磷酸(cyclic diguanylate monophosphate, c-di-GMP)作为一种新型第二信使,参与调控各种复杂的细胞活动,如生物膜形成、毒力因子释放、运动性、细胞分化及感染过程中的免疫调节等[3],其中严格受信号调控的生物膜形成过程是使铜绿假单胞菌具备较强耐药性的重要原因。c-di-GMP的合成是由具有高度保守的氨基酸序列GGDEF (Gly-Gly-Asp-Glu-Phe)结构域的二鸟苷酸环化酶催化2分子的GTP进行的[4]。据报道,铜绿假单胞菌感染导致的继发性院内感染可致严重烧伤病人死亡,其致病性与胞内c-di-GMP调控的各类表型密切相关[5]。因此,基于c-di-GMP浓度变化对生物膜的调控作用,阐明c-di-GMP在铜绿假单胞菌中的代谢过程,能够为解决生物膜形成导致铜绿假单胞菌耐药性增强且难以根除的问题提供新的思考角度和解决方法。
PA0847来自铜绿假单胞菌PAO1,是一个包含了GGDEF结构域的蛋白[3]。本课题组之前的研究已经证实,PA0847 PAS-GGDEF蛋白具有二鸟苷酸环化酶活性,其活性位点(A-site)上的氨基酸是二鸟苷酸环化酶活性的关键,并且发现PA0847 PAS-GGDEF虽然能够与c-di-GMP结合,但是由产物抑制位点(I-site)导致的活性减弱效应并不明显[6],这一现象提示,PA0847有望作为制备大量c-di-GMP的生物工具来源。研究表明,c-di-GMP可以作为免疫调节剂、免疫增强剂、免疫治疗、免疫预防或疫苗佐剂在人类和动物的临床上使用[7-8]。鉴于c-di-GMP的潜在应用价值[6],我们尝试对其进行改造以提高催化活性,用于生物合成,并初步探讨其产物抑制效应较低的机制,为进一步研究PA0847在c-di-GMP信号通路中的作用奠定基础。
克隆菌株[大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) DH5α]感受态细胞、表达菌株[E.coli BL21(DE3)]感受态细胞与pET-32a(+)质粒由本实验室保存。引物序列见表1,引物委托生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。
Trans 100 bp Plus DNA Marker、Protein Marker,北京全式金生物技术有限公司;Q5 DNA聚合酶、T4 DNA Ligase、Hind Ⅲ、BamH Ⅰ、Dpn Ⅰ,安诺伦(北京)生物科技有限公司;胰蛋白胨、酵母提取物、NaCl、咪唑、异丙基-β-d-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(isopropyl β-d-thiogalactoside, IPTG)、三羟甲基氨基甲烷[tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, Tris]、氨苄青霉素(ampicillin, Amp)、β-巯基乙醇、刚果红、考马斯亮蓝G250、MgCl2,生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;琼脂粉,北京索莱宝科技有限公司;GTP、c-di-GMP标准品及噻唑橙,Merck公司;High Affinity Ni-NTA Resin,南京金斯瑞生物科技有限公司;质粒小提试剂盒、琼脂糖凝胶回收试剂盒,天根生化科技(北京)有限公司。
电泳仪、凝胶成像仪和PCR仪,Bio-Rad公司;高速冷冻离心机,Eppendorf公司;蛋白质液相色谱仪、凝胶过滤层析柱,GE HealthCare公司;酶标仪,珀金埃尔默企业管理(上海)有限公司;选择T7作为测序引物,由北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司经Sanger技术完成测序验证。
PA0847基因GGDEF及PAS-GGDEF结构域序列PCR扩增:根据PA0847胞内结构域的基因序列设计引物。用Hind Ⅲ和BamH Ⅰ双酶切目的片段并与载体pET-32a(+)使用T4 DNA Ligase在20 ℃连接过夜后转入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) DH5α感受态细胞。PA0847基因PAS-GGDEF结构域序列单个氨基酸突变:使用突变位点引物,以PA0847基因PAS-GGDEF结构域重组质粒为模板进行PCR,产物通过琼脂糖凝胶回收试剂盒回收,回收产物经Dpn I消化去除模板,热激法转化入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) DH5α感受态细胞。将验证成功的重组质粒转入E.coli BL21(DE3)并优化表达条件。PA0847胞内蛋白及其突变体重组蛋白诱导表达的最适条件:IPTG浓度为0.05 mmol/L,诱导温度为20 ℃,诱导时间14−16 h。诱导表达后的菌液经4 ℃、4 000 r/min离心20 min,弃去上清,吸取适量裂解液(20 mmol/L Tris-HCl,300 mmol/L NaCl,1.4 mmol/L β-巯基乙醇,10 mmol/L咪唑,pH 8.0)充分重悬沉淀,进行细胞压力破碎,4 ℃、18 000 r/min离心40 min分离上清与沉淀。
含PA0847蛋白的上清进行Ni-NTA纯化操作:将含有目的蛋白的上清经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤后,与用Binding buffer (20 mmol/L Tris-HCl,300 mmol/L NaCl,1.4 mmol/L β-巯基乙醇,5 mmol/L咪唑,pH 8.0)平衡好的重力镍柱介质用Washing buffer (20 mmol/L Tris-HCl,300 mmol/L NaCl,1.4 mmol/L β-巯基乙醇,50 mmol/L咪唑,pH 8.0)充分洗去杂蛋白,收集漂洗液。用适量Elution buffer (20 mmol/L Tris-HCl,300 mmol/L NaCl,1.4 mmol/L β-巯基乙醇,500 mmol/L咪唑,pH 8.0)洗脱目的蛋白。洗脱的目的蛋白封装于透析袋(截留分子量为3 000−14 000 Da)中,以1:30 (体积比)的比例加入TEV蛋白酶,在3 L透析液(50 mmol/L Tris-HCl, 100 mmol/L NaCl, pH 8.0)中于4 ℃进行过夜透析及酶切,酶切后的蛋白溶液经4 ℃、18 000 r/min离心30 min去除沉淀后进一步经镍柱纯化。
Superdex 75凝胶层析色谱柱经1倍柱体积的缓冲液(20 mmol/L Tris-HCl, 100 mmol/L NaCl, pH 8.0)平衡后,将5 mL经Ni-NTA纯化后的蛋白样品上样分离检测。将图谱输出为cvs格式文件,导入GraphPad Prism 10.0.2中进行可视化处理,得到洗脱峰位置,相应的表观分子量由凝胶层析色谱柱标准图谱大致估算。
噻唑橙荧光染色:于1.5 mL EP管中,依次加入600 μL不同浓度的蛋白溶液(buffer成分为20 mmol/L Tris-HCl,100 mmol/L NaCl,pH 8.0)、10 mmol/L MgCl2、200 μmol/L GTP,轻柔颠倒混匀后,于37 ℃摇床200 r/min反应1 h。将上述酶促反应体系进行95 ℃水浴加热15 min,室温放置15 min,室温12 000 r/min离心10 min,吸取160 μL离心后上清至避光96孔板中,设3个复孔。在避光96孔板中分别加入终浓度为1 mol/L的NaCl、30 μmol/L的噻唑橙,终体积为200 μL,将96孔板放置于4 ℃避光孵育过夜,设置激发光波长为508 nm,发射波长为533 nm进行测定。测量前混匀30 s,数据间距1 nm;扫描速度50 nm/min;响应8 s;带宽1 nm。测量最适温度为10 ℃ (n=3)。将荧光强度数据导入GraphPad Prism 10.0.2,使用Student’st test检验不同蛋白浓度,野生型与突变体之间的荧光强度数值是否存在显著性差异,****表示P < 0.000 1。柱状图中数值为平均值±标准误(standard error, SE)。
配制20 mg/mL的刚果红考马斯亮蓝贮液备用。配制刚果红固体培养基121 ℃湿热灭菌使琼脂糖溶解,待冷却后加入刚果红和考马斯亮蓝(终浓度分别为40 μg/mL和10 μg/mL),倒入培养皿,待其凝固冷却。吸取2 μL 1:100稀释后诱导培养的菌液,滴在含有刚果红和考马斯亮蓝的固体培养基表面,于30 ℃正置培养约3 d,并观察照相[9]
采用三重四极杆质谱仪(Allen-Bradley公司)进行c-di-GMP标准品及样品管产物鉴定。质谱条件:电喷雾离子源,采用负离子模式检测,毛细管电压为−4 500 V,气帘气为10 unit,离子源雾化器为14 unit,去簇能量为−90 eV,蠕动泵流速为20 μL/min。用50%甲醇-水溶液清洗管路,去离子水将c-di-GMP标准品稀释10倍,样品稀释100倍,混匀后,分别通过蠕动泵上样。
PA0847结构域通过uniprot平台(https://www.uniprot.org/)进行预测。PA0847 PAS-GGDEF二聚体的结构模型预测:将PA0847 PAS-GGDEF的氨基酸序列输入github平台上的AlphaFold2 (https://colab.research.google.com/github/sokrypton/ColabFold/blob/main/AlphaFold2.ipynb)获得PA0847 PAS-GGDEF的二聚体结构模型。
PA0847 PAS-GGDEF与配体复合模型的获得:根据已报道及前期实验确认的相互作用氨基酸残基[6]作为模糊约束(ambiguous interaction restraints, AIRs),小分子和作为约束的氨基酸残基均设置为fully flexible,使用HADDOCK2.2分别对接出GTP、c-di-GMP与PA0847 PAS-GGDEF二聚体结合的1 000个初始复合模型,从其中挑选100个进一步细化,最后选择溶剂为水来优化的10个收敛结构作为复合模型;结构模型的可视化通过Pymol进行。
针对PA0847的结构域预测显示,其胞外域两端分别为一个跨膜螺旋结构,胞内由一个PASPAC-GGDEF结构域紧跟着一个HAMP结构域组成[10-11]。为研究PA0847的c-di-GMP代谢活性,本研究构建了PAS、GGDEF和PAS-GGDEF这3种胞内域的重组载体,如图1A所示。鉴于刚果红染色法能够间接检测胞内c-di-GMP的水平,其染色程度与胞内c-di-GMP水平呈正相关,通过刚果红平板染色实验初步确认了PA0847 GGDEF和PA0847 PAS-GGDEF均具有二鸟苷酸环化酶活性。如图1B所示,与转入空载体的大肠杆菌相比,高表达PA0847 GGDEF、PA0847 PAS-GGDEF结构域的大肠杆菌明显红染更深,可见胞内c-di-GMP明显升高。为进一步确认细胞红染是胞内c-di-GMP水平升高引起的表型,对PA0847 PAS-GGDEF参与的体外酶促反应产物进行了质谱检测[12] (图1C)。该结果进一步证实反应生成物为c-di-GMP,PA0847 PAS-GGDEF结构域重组蛋白具有鸟苷酸环化酶活性,能够在体外催化GTP生成c-di-GMP。
与各类已报道的二鸟苷酸环化酶研究一致,本研究发现,二聚体的形成与催化活性密切相关。利用不同浓度纯化后的蛋白(图2A2B)进行体外酶促反应,再经噻唑橙荧光染色法定量检测c-di-GMP水平的结果见图2C。底物水平相同时,随着PA0847 PAS-GGDEF蛋白的浓度增加,以该浓度下反应后检测到c-di-GMP水平正相关的荧光值依次显著增强,同时,经凝胶过滤层析检测的蛋白聚集状态也显示逐渐有更多的二聚体形成(图3C3E)。此外,高浓度的GGDEF结构域蛋白也具有可检测的二鸟苷酸环化酶活性(图2C),这一结果进一步验证了二聚体在催化活性中的作用,推测可能由于蛋白浓度的升高,GGDEF结构域蛋白分子在溶液中的“碰撞机遇增大”,导致部分具有活性的二聚体形成。
我们之前的研究已经发现,在较低浓度下,PA0847 PAS-GGDEF在体内外均具有明显的二鸟苷酸环化酶活性,而单独的GGDEF的体外二鸟苷酸环化酶活性并不明显。我们猜测,邻近的PAS结构域可能发挥了特定的辅助功能。为了探讨PAS域在PA0847 PAS-GGDEF二鸟苷酸环化酶活性中的作用,我们比较了相同浓度下单独的PAS结构域、单独的GGDEF结构域以及PAS-GGDEF结构域在溶液中的聚集状态(图3A3C)。由凝胶过滤层析结果可见,PAS结构域表现为具有3−4个聚集状态,洗脱峰位置于73 mL的计算得出的表观分子量大概为22 kDa,至少是以二聚体存在。然而,在蛋白纯化过程中发现,大部分单独的PAS域蛋白以包涵体形式表达,可见其不稳定或具有明显的聚集倾向。而高浓度的GGDEF域蛋白最多维持在二聚状态(图3D),与之相对的,高浓度的PAS-GGDEF域还有三聚体存在(图3E)。鉴于PAS域的聚集趋势,认为其可能是PAS-GGDEF域蛋白在较低浓度下的活性远大于单独GGDEF的原因。
为了探讨PA0847 PAS-GGDEF结构域催化c-di-GMP的合成机制,将其与已报道的二鸟苷酸环化酶进行了序列比对分析,结果发现包括活性中心GGDEF在内的、涉及GTP结合的多个氨基酸位点,即D609、L610、R612、K614、N617、H622、D626、L629、D652、R648、K722具有很强的保守性,提示其均为环化酶活性所必需。此外,由RxxD (R641, D644)构成的产物抑制位点也具有较强的保守性(图4)。
为了进一步分析比较PA0847的二鸟苷酸环化酶活性,在Mg2+存在条件下[6]进行体外催化反应。基于噻唑橙的荧光信号进行检测[18],结果提示,活性中心附近的氨基酸位点突变,会导致PA0847 PAS-GGDEF二鸟苷酸环化酶活性的完全丧失,而产物抑制位点上氨基酸的突变对活性影响则较为有限[6]。另外,对可能提高PA0847 PAS-GGDEF二鸟苷酸环化酶活性的一些位点进行的突变,在蛋白浓度0.3 mg/mL下(该蛋白浓度下的PA0847 PAS-GGDEF WT远未达到发挥酶活所需的二聚浓度),大多突变体都和野生型蛋白一样未显现出明显的二鸟苷酸环化酶活性,非活性中心突变体Y700A不仅表现出了明显二鸟苷酸环化酶活性,而且在低浓度下的活性远高于野生型(图5)。具体来说,在0.3 mg/mL的较低浓度下,Y700A突变体参与的体外酶促反应获得的c-di-GMP水平约是野生型的上百倍,推测Y700可能间接参与了PA0847 PAS-GGDEF催化作用。由Y700A与野生型蛋白的分子筛图谱可见(图6),Y700A在低浓度下的洗脱峰位置较野生型靠前,表明其更易于形成二聚体,这可能是Y700A活性更高的原因。
想要深入研究PA0847 PAS-GGDEF的催化机制,仍然需要原子水平的结构分析,由于并未获得蛋白晶体,本研究采用AlphaFold预测了其结构模型[19] (图7A),试图从结构上解释Y700A突变显著提高PA0847 PAS-GGDEF酶活性的原因。在其同源序列中,PA3702 (WspR)具有二鸟苷酸环化酶活性[20],与PA0847 PAS-GGDEF序列相似性为41.07%,已报道的结合了c-di-GMP的WspR为二聚体,本研究预测的PA0847 PAS-GGDEF二聚体结构模型具有与WspR类似的二聚体界面。
根据突变体活性分析,获得了PA0847 PAS-GGDEF分别结合底物GTP及产物c-di-GMP的复合结构模型。由GTP结合的模型可见(图7B),K722的侧链向GTP分子的磷酸基团延伸,D609及D656均参与了稳定Mg2+的作用,在GTP结合口袋的形成上发挥了重要的作用(这几个位点的作用均经过了实验验证)。在比较的一系列PA0847 PAS-GGDEF突变体蛋白中,筛选到了Y700A的突变具有较高的活性(图5)。根据复合物模型分析,发现Y700并不直接参与GTP或c-di-GMP与蛋白的相互作用,如图7C7D所示,2个配体结合位置并未重叠,并且无Y700直接参与。然而,从GTP与PA0847PAS-GGDEF的结合模型上可见(图7E),Y700芳香环大侧链向邻近的α螺旋延伸与L710甲基侧链之间有疏水作用。当Y700突变为丙氨酸后,可能改变L710和K722所在α螺旋的空间构象,进而有利于K722与GTP的结合以及促进GGDEF二聚体的形成。同时,分析Y700的序列保守性发现,该位点大多是含大侧链且疏水的氨基酸(图4)。结合现有结果,推测这一位点的突变或有利于人工生物合成更多的c-di-GMP,而在细菌或植物体内,该位点可能是二鸟苷酸环化酶调节c-di-GMP水平、维持细胞内稳态的关键氨基酸残基。
铜绿假单胞菌作为一类条件致病菌,因其受信号转导调控的生物膜形成而具有一定耐药性,这个过程是由铜绿假单胞菌基因组中多个二鸟苷酸环化酶调节胞内c-di-GMP水平完成的[2]。了解这个信号转导系统可能为铜绿假单胞菌的临床感染提供解决方案。此外,c-di-GMP具有潜在且可观的医用价值,对其进行高效的制备具有经济效益[22]。本研究通过构建原核表达载体的方法获得PA0847野生型及突变体蛋白,并对其鸟苷酸环化酶活性进行了鉴定,经凝胶分子筛层析分析了蛋白在溶液中的聚集状态,从而确定了PA0847 GGDEF发挥二鸟苷酸环化酶所需聚集状态,筛选出了PA0847 GGDEF结构域上参与催化GTP生成c-di-GMP的关键氨基酸Y700,并通过聚集状态及结构模型上分析突变体Y700A在较低浓度下具有的较高二鸟苷酸环化酶活性的可能原因,对进一步研究含GGDEF结构域的PA0847参与c-di-GMP相关复杂信号通路机制奠定了基础。
本课题组之前的研究已验证了PA0847 PAS-GGDEF与c-di-GMP的体外相互作用[6]。然而PA0847 PAS-GGDEF的产物抑制作用并不明显,在本研究中,随着蛋白浓度的增加,产物水平增加,说明二鸟苷酸环化酶活性逐步增强,也得到了证实。在c-di-GMP结合模型中可以看到,c-di-GMP位于RXXD基序附近,其中,R641可能参与了与c-di-GMP结合的主要作用,从空间距离上看,D644并未直接与c-di-GMP作用(图7C),R672和R595也可能参与了c-di-GMP的结合(之前的结果显示该2个氨基酸突变后催化活性并未降低)。我们将PA0847 PAS-GGDEF与PleD (PDB ID: 2V0N)、WspR (PDB ID: 3BRE)的复合物结构进行了对比[23]。由图7F可见,在c-di-GMP结合的RXXD无序环上,各氨基酸的位置基本一致,三者的R都参与了c-di-GMP末端磷酸基团的结合,PleD和WspR的D也向c-di-GMP延伸,参与了稳定c-di-GMP的作用,其后紧跟着一个β折叠结构,而PA0847 PAS-GGDEF的D644却比较“游离”,并未向c-di-GMP延伸,其后仍有较长的一段无规卷曲,这一差异可能解释了PA0847 PAS-GGDEF蛋白的产物抑制现象并不明显的原因。
对于PA0847蛋白的研究,在了解其生物学作用的情况下,研究其作用机制是很有必要的。由于c-di-GMP在细菌体内发挥着调节各类表型的作用,又具有临床作为免疫调节剂的潜在作用[22,24],因此,有很多学者开始致力于对它进行体外合成。我们先前的研究发现PA0847能够催化合成c-di-GMP,其二鸟苷酸环化酶活性并未受产物反馈抑制的明显影响。与具有产物反馈抑制的GGDEF结构域比较,Y700的出现可改变抑制位点的构象,进而减弱产物的结合力。在本研究中进一步将Y700做其他突变,发现Y700A可能间接改变活性位点的构象,进而促进K722与GTP的结合以及GGDEF二聚体的形成。对于筛选出的高二鸟苷酸环化酶活性突变体Y700A,蛋白浓度0.3 mg/mL时在一定时间内产生的c-di-GMP是野生型的上百倍。现如今c-di-GMP的体外合成主要分为化学合成以及酶法制备,然而,化学合成具有环境污染、终产物纯度低、设备要求高、生产成本高、合成过程可控性差等问题[25]。在酶法合成中,相较于其他二鸟苷酸环化酶,本研究中的PA0847 PAS-GGDEF Y700A表现出较高的催化活性以及低的底物抑制性[26]。若进一步深入研究其作用方式,将有助于进一步优化c-di-GMP体外合成工艺,获得高产、高纯度的c-di-GMP,应用于疾病治疗和基础研究。
近年来,越来越多的文献报道,不同蛋白能够感应不同的信号,参与到细菌信号转导过程中,并引起细胞表型的变化或参与感染进程[27-28]。本课题组之前的研究已发现,在SDS、CaCl2、蔗糖作用下,野生型PAO1与突变型PA0847菌株生物膜合成差异具有统计学意义[6],这一现象提示PA0847蛋白参与到细菌胞外到胞内的信号转导过程,它是如何感应并介导下游信号通路的变化还有待于进一步研究。
  • 宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(2022AAC03183)
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2024年第64卷第7期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230744
  • 接收时间:2023-12-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-07-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-03
  • 录用日期:2024-04-03
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2022AAC03183)
宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(2022AAC03183)
作者信息
    1 天津大学生命科学学院, 天津 300072
    2 宁夏医科大学基础医学院, 宁夏 银川 750003

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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