Article(id=1241379095825674659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241379085109219745, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230755, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1701878400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1712419200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-07, onlineDate=1773897440153, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1720022400000, pubDateStr=2024-07-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773897440153, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773897440153, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897440153, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241379085109219745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='7', pageStart='2151', pageEnd='2582', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773897437598, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897688675, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241380138257010733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241379085109219745, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241380138257010734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241379085109219745, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2368, endPage=2380, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241379096207356358, articleId=1241379095825674659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Transcriptome sequencing and comparison ofRiemerella anatipestifer CH-1 at 37 ℃ and 42 ℃, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Riemerella anatipestifer is a Gram-negative bacterium infecting ducks, causing serious economic losses to the duck industry. After infection,R.anatipestifer regulates gene expression to adapt to the 42 ℃ body temperature of ducks. To identify the adaptation mechanism ofR.anatipestifer CH-1 in ducks, we sequenced and compared the transcriptomes ofR.anatipestifer CH-1 at 37 ℃ and 42 ℃. [Methods] R.anatipestifer CH-1 was cultured to the exponential growth phase at 37 ℃ and then subjected to heat stress at 37 ℃ and 42 ℃, respectively, for 1 h. The cells were then collected for the extraction of total RNA. The raw transcriptome data of the bacteria cultured at 37 ℃ and 42 ℃ were obtained by transcriptome sequencing, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were carried out for the DEGs. The genednaK involved in the response to heat stress was selected for preliminary functional identification. [Results] A total of 234 DEGs were screened out, including 169 genes with up-regulated expression and 65 genes with down-regulated expression. The GO enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in the nucleotide metabolic process, glycosyl compound metabolic process, and core RNA polymerase binding transcription factor activity. The KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly involved in oxidative phosphorylation, ribosomes, and bacterial secretion systems. The deletion ofdnaK impaired the growth ofR.anatipestifer CH-1 at 42 ℃, compared with that at 37 ℃. [Conclusion] Compared with that at 37 ℃, the growth ofR.anatipestifer CH-1 was not affected at 42 ℃. The strain up-regulated or down-regulated the expression of heat shock response proteins and other factors to cope with heat stress.

, correspAuthors=Mafeng LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*LIU Mafeng, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Siyi WANG, Fang GUO, Anchun CHENG, Mafeng LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241379099688628894, articleId=1241379095825674659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH-1株37 ℃和42 ℃的转录组测序及比较分析, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer)是一种感染鸭的革兰氏阴性菌,给养鸭业造成较大经济损失。由于鸭体内温度为42 ℃,当鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染鸭后必然会调节自身基因表达来适应鸭体内温度。为鉴定鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH-1株感染鸭的适应性机制,本研究测定和比较了鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH-1株在37 ℃和42 ℃下的转录组。【方法】将鸭疫里默氏杆菌RA-CH-1株在37 ℃培养至对数生长期后,分别在37 ℃和42 ℃热应激1 h,收集菌体,提取总RNA。利用转录组测序(RNA-seq)技术获得RA-CH-1在37 ℃和42 ℃下的转录组原始数据,筛选得到差异表达基因,通过基因本体论(gene ontology, GO)数据库和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)数据库对差异表达基因进行富集分析。选取dnaK作为热应激反应基因进行功能初步鉴定。【结果】共筛选获得234个显著差异表达基因,其中169个基因显著上调,65个基因显著下调。显著差异表达基因通过GO富集分析主要富集在核苷代谢过程、糖基化合物代谢过程和核心RNA聚合酶结合转录因子活性等;显著差异表达基因通过KEGG富集分析主要富集在氧化磷酸化、核糖体和细菌分泌系统等通路。与37 ℃条件下生长能力比较,dnaK缺失后导致鸭疫里默氏杆菌在42 ℃条件下生长能力受损。【结论】RA-CH-1在37 ℃和42 ℃下生长不受影响,通过热休克反应相关蛋白等因子表达上调或下调来应对温度升高后的应激状况。

, correspAuthors=刘马峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=engR776B8ib42hl77dWWWg==, magXml=rItfr5btXIcypF8brwu0Vg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=tSnGE4d2lDXfMXsERaJL+A==, pdfFileSize=948288, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=eojYt/I9kQ955s751geMDQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=5l12z0xvXoKnxPEvaA/MPA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#These authors contributed equally to this work.

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THEYSSEN H, BUCHBERGER A, BUKAU B, GOODY RS, REINSTEIN J.GrpE accelerates nucleotide exchange of the molecular chaperone DnaK with an associative displacement mechanism[J].Biochemistry,1997,36(12):3417-3422., articleTitle=GrpE accelerates nucleotide exchange of the molecular chaperone DnaK with an associative displacement mechanism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241445827672076326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=8, issue=3, pageStart=218, pageEnd=224, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=Cell Stress & Chaperones, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HARRISON C.GrpE, a nucleotide exchange factor for DnaK[J].Cell Stress & Chaperones,2003,8(3):218-224., articleTitle=GrpE, a nucleotide exchange factor for DnaK, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241445827793711149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, 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refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOSKINS JR, DOYLE SM, WICKNER S.Coupling ATP utilization to protein remodeling by ClpB, a hexameric AAA+ protein[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2009,106(52):22233-22238., articleTitle=Coupling ATP utilization to protein remodeling by ClpB, a hexameric AAA+ protein, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241445828091506753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=51, issue=2, pageStart=388, pageEnd=398, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YUAN LH, RODRIGUES PH, BÉLANGER M, DUNN W, PROGULSKE-FOX A.ThePorphyromonas gingivalis clpB gene is involved in cellular invasionin vitro and virulencein vivo[J].FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology,2007,51(2):388-398., articleTitle=ThePorphyromonas gingivalis clpB gene is involved in cellular invasionin vitro and virulencein vivo, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241445828221530191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=3, issue=5, pageStart=e00238, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=mBio, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAPIRO RS, COWEN LE.Thermal control of microbial development and virulence: molecular mechanisms of microbial temperature sensing[J].mBio,2012,3(5):e00238-12., articleTitle=Thermal control of microbial development and virulence: molecular mechanisms of microbial temperature sensing, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241445820843750266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, awardId=2023YFD1800200, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program of 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RA-CH-1 at 42 ℃ and 37 ℃. Data are shown as the mean of three replicates, with the error bars representing±standard error., figureFileSmall=AxnjXpv33TksDBrXbuCEkg==, figureFileBig=A8tRqwSw9KzOh9tnS7rDZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445816401982183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=CN, label=图1, caption=RA-CH-1在42 ℃和37 ℃条件下的生长曲线, figureFileSmall=AxnjXpv33TksDBrXbuCEkg==, figureFileBig=A8tRqwSw9KzOh9tnS7rDZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445816519422704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Volcano map of differentially expressed genes (DEGs)., figureFileSmall=eHqFx5aYeQL0T6ALwa6/Uw==, figureFileBig=oYDQr38UWQNGJ0sj9eDtmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445816649446136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=CN, label=图2, caption=差异表达基因火山图, figureFileSmall=eHqFx5aYeQL0T6ALwa6/Uw==, figureFileBig=oYDQr38UWQNGJ0sj9eDtmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445816733332221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=GO enrichment analysis of DEGs., figureFileSmall=Dqu6PzcAUA5DJCoW76Xziw==, figureFileBig=E8fCRbGbQyCj3FW8r8QX5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445818385888001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=CN, label=图3, caption=差异基因GO富集柱状图, figureFileSmall=Dqu6PzcAUA5DJCoW76Xziw==, figureFileBig=E8fCRbGbQyCj3FW8r8QX5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445818520105739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Enriched KEGG pathway scatterplot of down-regulated DEGs., figureFileSmall=F+VNpQfThnq3uEll3p/K5w==, figureFileBig=AzHuxWBMCS4CBNyNnzo9lA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445818633351956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=CN, label=图4, caption=上调差异基因KEGG富集散点图, figureFileSmall=F+VNpQfThnq3uEll3p/K5w==, figureFileBig=AzHuxWBMCS4CBNyNnzo9lA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445818968896281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Enriched KEGG pathway scatterplot of down-regulated DEGs., figureFileSmall=YnL6i1MYKlVYYRNglhyL5Q==, figureFileBig=J68FOhq16t0IVAbHMl9fRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445819094725408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=CN, label=图5, caption=下调差异基因KEGG富集散点图, figureFileSmall=YnL6i1MYKlVYYRNglhyL5Q==, figureFileBig=J68FOhq16t0IVAbHMl9fRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445819224748841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=qRT-PCR verification results of up-regulated genes (A) and down-regulated genes (B). Data are shown as the mean of three replicates, with the error bars representing ± standard error., figureFileSmall=XZlU35QNZXY3MmBlzR7gPw==, figureFileBig=RNPDsCOtfvE1xzqLx52TTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445819337995056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=CN, label=图6, caption=上调(A)和下调(B)差异基因qRT-PCR结果, figureFileSmall=XZlU35QNZXY3MmBlzR7gPw==, figureFileBig=RNPDsCOtfvE1xzqLx52TTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445819430269752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=The expression levels of RA-CH-1 DnaK at 37 ℃ and 42 ℃.

A: SDS-PAGE results of RA-CH-1 at 37 ℃ (lane 1) and 42 ℃ (lane 2). B: Western blotting analysis of RA-CH-1 DnaK at 37 ℃ (lane 1) and 42 ℃ (lane 2). C: The expression levels of RA-CH-1 reference protein RecA at 37 ℃ (lane 1) and 42 ℃ (lane 2).

, figureFileSmall=hHhpg81t5isqHvQzwtrBHg==, figureFileBig=xRbxdIb1qsz2xtjawipGyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445819509961533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=CN, label=图7, caption=RA-CH-1 DnaK在37 ℃和42 ℃下的表达情况

A:RA-CH-1菌体蛋白在37 ℃ (泳道1)和42 ℃ (泳道2) SDS-PAGE结果. B:Western blotting检测RA-CH-1 DnaK在37 ℃ (泳道1)和42 ℃ (泳道2)的表达量. C:Western blotting检测RA-CH-1内参蛋白RecA在37 ℃ (泳道1)和42 ℃ (泳道2)的表达量

, figureFileSmall=hHhpg81t5isqHvQzwtrBHg==, figureFileBig=xRbxdIb1qsz2xtjawipGyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445819619013446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=The growth curves of RA-CH-1 ΔdnaK at 42 ℃ and 37 ℃. Data are shown as the mean of three replicates, with the error bars representing ± standard error.***:P < 0.001., figureFileSmall=Mw899kJN/C+0+TcvS5Rm/A==, figureFileBig=kQLDVeGy24+sQo1TVd1aIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445819744842572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=CN, label=图8, caption=RA-CH-1 ΔdnaK在42 ℃和37 ℃条件下的生长曲线, figureFileSmall=Mw899kJN/C+0+TcvS5Rm/A==, figureFileBig=kQLDVeGy24+sQo1TVd1aIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445819950363471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequences for qRT-PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PrimersSequences (5′→3′)
B739_RS03260 qRT P1GCCAAATAACAGGAAAGCGT
B739_RS03260 qRT P2TTCTACAGCCTCCTCAATTCC
B739_RS08415 qRT P1TATCCCAGATACAGCGAAAGAG
B739_RS08415 qRT P2GCCATAAAGCACTTTATCTCCT
B739_RS00030 qRT P1AAGAGTTCAATGGATTTGGCTG
B739_RS00030 qRT P2GGAATGTCAAACACAACCCA
B739_RS02635 qRT P1TACGCTATTAGAACAGGTGCTC
B739_RS02635 qRT P2GGATAATCGCTCCATACTTCCT
B739_RS04910 qRT P1ATCACAAGACTACTAGAACTGC
B739_RS04910 qRT P2AGCTAGCTTGTTAACATGCT
B739_RS02040 qRT P1ACTACTCTTATTGTTTGGAGGG
B739_RS02040 qRT P2CTTCTTCTGTTTCTGTTGAAGG
B739_RS04515 qRT P1TCGCCTATTCTGCATAAGGT
B739_RS04515 qRT P2GAGCATTCTCCAAGTTTCTCAC
B739_RS05930 qRT P1TCCCTGCATTGAAGAAATTCC
B739_RS05930 qRT P2ATCATGTTGGTAGGATAAGCAC
B739_RS04340 qRT P1GTGGCTCAATTAGTTTACGAGG
B739_RS04340 qRT P2TTAACTTGCTTAATGCCTGCC
B739_RS09245 qRT P1TCCTGACCATATAGAGCAAGAC
B739_RS09245 qRT P2TACCTTCAAAGCCTTCAATCAG
B739_RS03945 qRT P1GCCAAAGTATTACCACAGCA
B739_RS03945 qRT P2GCATTCTTCCCAAATCTAGCA
B739_RS00425 qRT P1ATGTAACGCTTTATCCTAACCC
B739_RS00425 qRT P2GGTTATCATCTTTCCGTCCAC
B739_RS02860 qRT P1GGCGGAACTAATGGTAAAGG
B739_RS02860 qRT P2TCTGTAAACTCTACGAGGTGTG
B739_RS01115 qRT P1GGCACAGGAATCGTAATAGG
B739_RS01115 qRT P2CTACTTCATCTTCAATCGTGGG
B739_RS07255 qRT P1GGCACACCTAAATACTCAGG
B739_RS07255 qRT P2GAACTATTTACCCATGAACCCA
B739_RS01700 qRT P1CCATCTGACTATAATCCCGCT
B739_RS01700 qRT P2CCCAAATACGCTAGTTCCCT
B739_RS01110 qRT P1GCGTACACAAACATTCTTCAG
B739_RS01110 qRT P2GTCTTTGATGCTTCCTCCAG
B739_RS09890 qRT P1AACCAAACTGAATGACCACC
B739_RS09890 qRT P2AGTTGTAATCTGCCTTTCCTG
B739_RS05140 qRT P1TGATAAGGTTGAGAAAGACGC
B739_RS05140 qRT P2CATTGATAGGAAAGTGGGCTC
B739_RS00590 qRT P1GTTAGGCTTTATTCCACGAACC
B739_RS00590 qRT P2CTGATTTGTTGCTCTGGGTG
recA qRT P1TGAAACTAGGTGATGGTACG
recA qRT P2CTTAGGATAACCGCCTACTC
), ArticleFig(id=1241445820071998294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379095825674659, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

qRT-PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PrimersSequences (5′→3′)
B739_RS03260 qRT P1GCCAAATAACAGGAAAGCGT
B739_RS03260 qRT P2TTCTACAGCCTCCTCAATTCC
B739_RS08415 qRT P1TATCCCAGATACAGCGAAAGAG
B739_RS08415 qRT P2GCCATAAAGCACTTTATCTCCT
B739_RS00030 qRT P1AAGAGTTCAATGGATTTGGCTG
B739_RS00030 qRT P2GGAATGTCAAACACAACCCA
B739_RS02635 qRT P1TACGCTATTAGAACAGGTGCTC
B739_RS02635 qRT P2GGATAATCGCTCCATACTTCCT
B739_RS04910 qRT P1ATCACAAGACTACTAGAACTGC
B739_RS04910 qRT P2AGCTAGCTTGTTAACATGCT
B739_RS02040 qRT P1ACTACTCTTATTGTTTGGAGGG
B739_RS02040 qRT P2CTTCTTCTGTTTCTGTTGAAGG
B739_RS04515 qRT P1TCGCCTATTCTGCATAAGGT
B739_RS04515 qRT P2GAGCATTCTCCAAGTTTCTCAC
B739_RS05930 qRT P1TCCCTGCATTGAAGAAATTCC
B739_RS05930 qRT P2ATCATGTTGGTAGGATAAGCAC
B739_RS04340 qRT P1GTGGCTCAATTAGTTTACGAGG
B739_RS04340 qRT P2TTAACTTGCTTAATGCCTGCC
B739_RS09245 qRT P1TCCTGACCATATAGAGCAAGAC
B739_RS09245 qRT P2TACCTTCAAAGCCTTCAATCAG
B739_RS03945 qRT P1GCCAAAGTATTACCACAGCA
B739_RS03945 qRT P2GCATTCTTCCCAAATCTAGCA
B739_RS00425 qRT P1ATGTAACGCTTTATCCTAACCC
B739_RS00425 qRT P2GGTTATCATCTTTCCGTCCAC
B739_RS02860 qRT P1GGCGGAACTAATGGTAAAGG
B739_RS02860 qRT P2TCTGTAAACTCTACGAGGTGTG
B739_RS01115 qRT P1GGCACAGGAATCGTAATAGG
B739_RS01115 qRT P2CTACTTCATCTTCAATCGTGGG
B739_RS07255 qRT P1GGCACACCTAAATACTCAGG
B739_RS07255 qRT P2GAACTATTTACCCATGAACCCA
B739_RS01700 qRT P1CCATCTGACTATAATCCCGCT
B739_RS01700 qRT P2CCCAAATACGCTAGTTCCCT
B739_RS01110 qRT P1GCGTACACAAACATTCTTCAG
B739_RS01110 qRT P2GTCTTTGATGCTTCCTCCAG
B739_RS09890 qRT P1AACCAAACTGAATGACCACC
B739_RS09890 qRT P2AGTTGTAATCTGCCTTTCCTG
B739_RS05140 qRT P1TGATAAGGTTGAGAAAGACGC
B739_RS05140 qRT P2CATTGATAGGAAAGTGGGCTC
B739_RS00590 qRT P1GTTAGGCTTTATTCCACGAACC
B739_RS00590 qRT P2CTGATTTGTTGCTCTGGGTG
recA qRT P1TGAAACTAGGTGATGGTACG
recA qRT P2CTTAGGATAACCGCCTACTC
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Sequencing data quality

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样品名称
Sample name
原始读数
Raw reads
过滤后读数
Clean reads
过滤后数据碱基数
Clean bases (Gb)
错误率
Error rate (%)
Q20
(%)
Q30
(%)
G+C含量
G+C content (%)
CH_1_3726 046 25825 445 5143.820.0198.5095.8137.25
CH_1_4218 048 53217 631 1062.640.0198.5095.8536.51
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测序数据质量情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称
Sample name
原始读数
Raw reads
过滤后读数
Clean reads
过滤后数据碱基数
Clean bases (Gb)
错误率
Error rate (%)
Q20
(%)
Q30
(%)
G+C含量
G+C content (%)
CH_1_3726 046 25825 445 5143.820.0198.5095.8137.25
CH_1_4218 048 53217 631 1062.640.0198.5095.8536.51
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鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH-1株37 ℃和42 ℃的转录组测序及比较分析
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汪思懿 1, 2, 3, 4, # , 郭方 1, 2, 3, 4, # , 程安春 1, 2, 3, 4 , 刘马峰 1, 2, 3, 4, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(7): 2368-2380
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(7): 2368-2380
鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH-1株37 ℃和42 ℃的转录组测序及比较分析
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汪思懿1, 2, 3, 4, #, 郭方1, 2, 3, 4, #, 程安春1, 2, 3, 4, 刘马峰1, 2, 3, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1 西南动物疫病防控技术教育部工程研究中心, 四川 成都 611130
  • 2 四川省动物疫病防控国际联合研究中心, 四川 成都 611130
  • 3 动物疫病与人类健康四川省重点实验室, 四川 成都 611130
  • 4 四川农业大学动物医学院 禽病防治研究中心, 四川 成都 611130
Transcriptome sequencing and comparison ofRiemerella anatipestifer CH-1 at 37 ℃ and 42 ℃
Siyi WANG1, 2, 3, 4, Fang GUO1, 2, 3, 4, Anchun CHENG1, 2, 3, 4, Mafeng LIU1, 2, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
  • 2 International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
  • 4 Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
出版时间: 2024-07-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230755
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【目的】鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer)是一种感染鸭的革兰氏阴性菌,给养鸭业造成较大经济损失。由于鸭体内温度为42 ℃,当鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染鸭后必然会调节自身基因表达来适应鸭体内温度。为鉴定鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH-1株感染鸭的适应性机制,本研究测定和比较了鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH-1株在37 ℃和42 ℃下的转录组。【方法】将鸭疫里默氏杆菌RA-CH-1株在37 ℃培养至对数生长期后,分别在37 ℃和42 ℃热应激1 h,收集菌体,提取总RNA。利用转录组测序(RNA-seq)技术获得RA-CH-1在37 ℃和42 ℃下的转录组原始数据,筛选得到差异表达基因,通过基因本体论(gene ontology, GO)数据库和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)数据库对差异表达基因进行富集分析。选取dnaK作为热应激反应基因进行功能初步鉴定。【结果】共筛选获得234个显著差异表达基因,其中169个基因显著上调,65个基因显著下调。显著差异表达基因通过GO富集分析主要富集在核苷代谢过程、糖基化合物代谢过程和核心RNA聚合酶结合转录因子活性等;显著差异表达基因通过KEGG富集分析主要富集在氧化磷酸化、核糖体和细菌分泌系统等通路。与37 ℃条件下生长能力比较,dnaK缺失后导致鸭疫里默氏杆菌在42 ℃条件下生长能力受损。【结论】RA-CH-1在37 ℃和42 ℃下生长不受影响,通过热休克反应相关蛋白等因子表达上调或下调来应对温度升高后的应激状况。

鸭疫里默氏杆菌  /  转录组  /  温度

[Objective] Riemerella anatipestifer is a Gram-negative bacterium infecting ducks, causing serious economic losses to the duck industry. After infection,R.anatipestifer regulates gene expression to adapt to the 42 ℃ body temperature of ducks. To identify the adaptation mechanism ofR.anatipestifer CH-1 in ducks, we sequenced and compared the transcriptomes ofR.anatipestifer CH-1 at 37 ℃ and 42 ℃. [Methods] R.anatipestifer CH-1 was cultured to the exponential growth phase at 37 ℃ and then subjected to heat stress at 37 ℃ and 42 ℃, respectively, for 1 h. The cells were then collected for the extraction of total RNA. The raw transcriptome data of the bacteria cultured at 37 ℃ and 42 ℃ were obtained by transcriptome sequencing, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were carried out for the DEGs. The genednaK involved in the response to heat stress was selected for preliminary functional identification. [Results] A total of 234 DEGs were screened out, including 169 genes with up-regulated expression and 65 genes with down-regulated expression. The GO enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in the nucleotide metabolic process, glycosyl compound metabolic process, and core RNA polymerase binding transcription factor activity. The KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly involved in oxidative phosphorylation, ribosomes, and bacterial secretion systems. The deletion ofdnaK impaired the growth ofR.anatipestifer CH-1 at 42 ℃, compared with that at 37 ℃. [Conclusion] Compared with that at 37 ℃, the growth ofR.anatipestifer CH-1 was not affected at 42 ℃. The strain up-regulated or down-regulated the expression of heat shock response proteins and other factors to cope with heat stress.

Riemerella anatipestifer  /  transcriptome  /  temperature
汪思懿, 郭方, 程安春, 刘马峰. 鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH-1株37 ℃和42 ℃的转录组测序及比较分析. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (7) : 2368 -2380 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230755
Siyi WANG, Fang GUO, Anchun CHENG, Mafeng LIU. Transcriptome sequencing and comparison ofRiemerella anatipestifer CH-1 at 37 ℃ and 42 ℃[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (7) : 2368 -2380 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230755
鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer, RA)是一种细小短杆状革兰氏阴性菌,属于威克氏菌科(Weeksellaceae)里氏杆菌属(Riemerella)[1],该菌主要感染鸭、鹅等禽类,血清型复杂,至少有21种不同的血清型已被鉴定,各血清型之间无交叉保护作用,在我国以血清1型和2型最为普遍[2]。本研究中所使用的野生型菌株RA-CH-1为血清1型的代表菌株[3]。另外,该菌具有多重耐药的特点[4],对四环素、替加环素、氯霉素、红霉素、多黏菌素B、氨苄西林、卡那霉素、环丙沙星、甲氧西林、头孢吡肟等30种药物均具有耐药性[5-8];就单个菌株而言,可对多达7类抗生素耐药[7]。在临床上很难找到该菌的敏感药物。因此,单一血清型疫苗和药物很难达到理想防控效果,从细菌生理学角度出发寻找新的靶点是未来发展方向之一。
细菌在生长繁殖过程中经常会遇到各种应激刺激,如热应激、氧化应激、酸/碱应激等。细菌通过调节基因的表达来适应环境的改变。环境温度低于鸭体内温度时,鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染鸭后必然会出现热应激反应。当细菌处于热应激环境下,其毒力及抵御宿主杀伤的能力会明显降低[9]。变形链球菌通过增强糖酵解等代谢途径来额外获取更多的能量,使其保持毒力以应对这种不利环境[10]。此外,大肠杆菌能够通过多种调控网络和途径响应不同的应激刺激,并通过多种生物学过程及代谢通路参与抵抗热应激对细菌造成的损伤[11]
为揭示鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染鸭后抵抗热应激的机制,本研究测定了该菌在37 ℃和42 ℃两种温度条件下的转录组,对不同温度下基因表达水平的差异进行了分析。以热应激反应基因dnaK为例,证明了其在热应激抵抗中的作用。本研究为鸭疫里默氏杆菌生存和致病机制提供参考,进一步可以为防治该菌感染提供新思路。
鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH-1株(RA-CH-1)和RA-CH-1 ΔdnaK由四川农业大学动物医学院禽病防治中心冻存(−80 ℃)。使用时将少量冻存的菌种接种至血琼脂培养基上,于37 ℃培养箱培养过夜。
将复苏于血琼脂平板的RA-CH-1接种在胰酪大豆胨液体(tryptone soya broth, TSB)培养基(OXOID公司)中,置于空气摇床37 ℃、180 r/min培养过夜。次日,测定过夜菌液的OD600值,将菌液分别接种于2管新的20 mL TSB培养基中,从OD600为0.1开始培养。菌液分别置于37 ℃和42 ℃的空气摇床中,180 r/min培养。期间每2 h测定一次OD600值,共培养12 h。使用GraphPad Prism软件记录并整理数据。
将RA-CH-1接种于20 mL TSB培养基中,置于空气摇床37 ℃、180 r/min培养至对数期(OD600为1.0−1.5)。取3 mL菌液于5 mL EP管中,分别置于37 ℃和42 ℃水浴锅中培养1 h,然后室温下7 000 r/min离心5 min收集菌体,使用RNAsimple Total RNA Kit [天根生化科技(北京)有限公司],参照使用说明的方法分别提取不同条件下菌体的总RNA。
RNA的检测、文库构建及测序均由北京诺禾致源科技股份有限公司进行。总RNA经检测合格后,去除样本中的核糖体RNA (ribosomal RNA, rRNA),获得mRNA。随后加入fragmentation buffer将得到的mRNA随机打断成短片段,按照链特异性建库的方式建库。库检合格后,把不同文库按照有效浓度及目标下机数据量的需求pooling后进行Illumina测序。测序片段被高通量测序仪测得的图像数据经CASAVA碱基识别转化为原始测序序列(sequenced reads),也被称为raw data或raw reads,结果以fastq文件格式存储,其中包含测序序列(reads)的序列信息以及其对应的测序质量信息。原始的测序数据经过数据过滤、测序错误率检查、G+C含量分布检查,获得后续分析使用的clean reads。
用Bowtie 2将过滤后的测序序列进行基因组定位分析,根据基因比对在参考基因组上的位置信息,从而统计每个基因从起始到终止范围内覆盖的reads数。然后计算各样本所有基因的表达值(expected number of fragments per kilobase of transcript sequence per millions base pairs sequenced, FPKM),以此对测序数据进行定量分析。得到各组表达数据后,进行统计学分析,筛选样本在不同条件下表达水平显著差异的基因。首先使用edge R软件对原始的read count进行标准化,然后使用负二项分布模型进行假设检验概率(P-value)的计算,最后进行多重假设检验校正,得到Padj值。差异表达基因筛选的阈值为|log2 (fold change)| > 1,Padj值< 0.05。
基因本体论(gene ontology, GO)是描述基因功能的综合性数据库,可分为生物过程(biological process)、细胞组成(cellular component)和分子功能(molecular function) 3个部分。因此,对筛选出的差异表达基因进行GO功能富集。
京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)是整合了基因组、化学和系统功能信息的综合性数据库,它可以从分子水平信息理解生物系统(如细胞、生物体和生态系统)的高级功能和效用。因此,对筛选出的差异表达基因进行KEGG通路富集。
从差异表达基因中分别选取上调和下调最显著的10个基因,在NCBI数据库中查询选取基因的序列,利用PerlPrimer软件设计出qRT-PCR引物,引物序列如表1所示。按照方法1.3提取37 ℃和42 ℃下RA-CH-1的总RNA,然后将其反转录为cDNA模板。qRT-PCR检测所选基因的相对表达水平。
将RA-CH-1接种于20 mL TSB培养基中,置于空气摇床37 ℃、180 r/min培养至对数期(OD600为1.0−1.5)。取3 mL菌液于5 mL EP管中,分别在37 ℃和42 ℃水浴锅中静置培养1 h,随后4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心20 min收集菌体,将菌体用1×loading buffer重悬后煮沸10 min备用。将全菌样进行SDS-PAGE,将样品转到PVDF膜上后置于4 ℃冰箱封闭过夜。将封闭后的膜用TBST洗涤3次,每次10 min。在使用DnaK多克隆抗体和RecA多克隆抗体分别进行孵育过夜后,将膜取出,并使用TBST洗涤3次,每次10 min。用羊抗鼠二抗进行孵育后,使用增强型化学发光试剂(enhanced chemiluminescence, ECL)显色观察不同温度下DnaK蛋白的表达情况。
采用GraphPad Prism 8进行数据处理和统计学分析。通过Student’st-test检验统计学显著性,P < 0.05即为具有统计学差异。
为鉴定鸭疫里默氏杆菌可以适应鸭体内的温度,首先测定了鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH-1株在37 ℃和42 ℃两种温度条件下的生长曲线,结果如图1所示。在37 ℃和42 ℃条件下,RA-CH-1的生长无显著差异,说明鸭疫里默氏杆菌可以通过基因表达的调节来适应鸭体内的热应激反应。
原始数据经过滤、测序错误率检查、G+C含量分布检查后的测序数据质量情况如表2所示。
测序数据中显著差异表达基因[|log2 (fold change)| > 1及Padj < 0.05]的筛选结果如图2所示。相对于培养温度为37 ℃下,培养温度为42 ℃下显著差异表达基因共234个,其中显著上调的基因共169个,显著下调的基因共65个。
对获得的差异表达基因进行GO注释分析,共得到726个GO功能注释,经筛选后发现显著富集的有62个GO功能注释,包括生物学过程(biological process) 37个、细胞组分(cellular component) 6个和分子功能(molecular function)19个。从GO富集分析结果中,选取最显著的30个term绘制柱状图,如图3所示。差异基因属于生物过程分类的主要有细胞氮化合物生物合成过程(cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process)、杂环生物合成过程(heterocycle biosynthetic process)、含核酸酶化合物的生物合成过程(nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process)、基因表达调节(regulation of gene expression)、核苷代谢过程(nucleoside metabolic process)、糖基化合物代谢过程(glycosyl compound metabolic process)等;属于细胞组分分类的主要是运输囊泡(transport vesicle);属于分子功能分类的主要有内肽酶活性(endopeptidase activity)、核心RNA聚合酶结合转录因子活性(core RNA polymerase binding transcription factor activity)、核心DNA依赖性RNA聚合酶结合启动子特异性活性(core DNA-dependent RNA polymerase binding promoter specificity activity)、σ因子活性(sigma factor activity)等。
分别将差异表达上调和下调基因进行KEGG富集分析,选取最显著的20个KEGG通路绘制散点图进行展示。如图4图5所示,图中横坐标为注释到KEGG通路上的差异基因数与差异基因总数的比值,纵坐标为KEGG通路,点的大小代表注释到KEGG通路上的基因数,颜色从红到紫代表富集的显著性大小。将差异表达上调的169个基因进行KEGG富集分析,发现其总计可映射于22个KEGG代谢途径中,其中4个显著富集的KEGG代谢途径分别为核糖体(ribosome)、氧化磷酸化(oxidative phosphorylation)、细菌分泌系统(bacterial secretion system)及蛋白质外排(protein export)。
将差异表达下调的65个基因进行KEGG富集分析,发现其总计可映射于35个KEGG代谢途径中,其中差异表达下调基因富集于3条氨基酸代谢相关通路,包括苯丙氨酸代谢(phenylalanine metabolism)、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成(phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis)和半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢(cysteine and methionine metabolism)。
为验证RNA-seq结果,按照1.3中的方法提取总RNA后,选取差异表达上调和下调最显著的基因各10个,通过qRT-PCR方法定量检测各基因的相对表达水平。结果如图6所示,选取基因在37 ℃和42 ℃表达水平与转录组结果一致。
热应激反应基因dnaK在42 ℃转录组中显著上调,为验证在此条件下DnaK蛋白表达是否也上调,本研究通过Western blotting对其在不同温度下的表达水平进行了鉴定,结果如图7所示。与转录组和荧光定量结果的趋势一致,在42 ℃热刺激1 h后,DnaK蛋白表达上调,而内参蛋白RecA的表达量无明显改变。
为进一步验证热应激反应基因对于鸭疫里默氏杆菌在鸭体内的适应起重要作用,本研究测定了RA-CH-1 ΔdnaK在37 ℃和42 ℃条件下的生长曲线,结果如图8所示。与37 ℃条件下相比,在42 ℃条件下,RA-CH-1 ΔdnaK无法生长,说明dnaK对鸭疫里默氏杆菌应对热应激至关重要,但是其仍可以通过调节其他基因的表达以应对在鸭体内的热应激反应。
温度是影响细菌生存的重要因素之一,无论是环境温度的变化还是感染宿主动物后的温度变化,细菌都需要相应的感知和防御体系来适应不同温度的变化。细菌感知并适应环境变化一般会经历以下3个过程:首先由传感器直接或间接地激活应激因子,随后传感器导致适当的基因组的诱导和抑制,最后在适应温度变化后通过反馈抑制关闭应激基因的表达[12]
热休克反应是普遍存在于生物中的一种应急保护机制。包括环境温度升高和物理化学因素在内的多种应激条件可诱导合成20多种热休克蛋白(heat shock proteins, HSPs),其中包括DnaK、DnaJ、GrpE、GroEL和GroES等分子伴侣蛋白、σ因子、蛋白酶还有其他调节性或结构性蛋白。热休克蛋白通过对新生肽链的折叠、凝集蛋白的解聚以及利用蛋白酶水解不可逆损伤的蛋白质来维持蛋白质的正常功能[13]。基因表达的初始步骤是通过RNA聚合酶将DNA转录成信使RNA。σ因子对于启动子识别和转录起始是必需的,所有细菌都具有至少一种用于转录细胞活力所需的基因的必需σ因子,并且大多数细菌具有响应于特定刺激而转录操纵子的替代σ因子[14]。编码热休克蛋白的基因正转录调节依赖于专用的替代σ因子,通过σ因子瞬时增加温度依赖性的编码热休克蛋白基因转录[15]
鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH-1株在37 ℃和42 ℃条件下生长情况并无显著差异,说明鸭疫里默氏杆菌完全可以适应鸭体内的温度。通过测定37 ℃和42 ℃应激条件下的RA-CH-1转录组,与37 ℃相比,42 ℃条件下有169个基因显著上调,65个基因显著下调。其中,一系列热休克反应系统蛋白如DnaK (B739_RS07660)、GrpE (B739_RS05960)、GroEL (B739_RS08420)、GroES (B739_RS08415)、ClpB (B739_RS05035)和σ因子RNA polymerase sigma-24 factor (B739_RS07160)、RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoD (B739_RS05920)、RNA polymerase subunit sigma-24 (B739_RS03055B739_RS09670)表达显著上调,这提示着这些基因可能参与抵抗热应激对细菌造成损伤,可在后续研究中逐一鉴定。编码多种酶类的基因,如二氢叶酸合成酶(bifunctional folylpolyglutamate synthase/dihydrofolate synthase,B739_RS02860)、果糖-6-磷酸醛缩酶(fructose-6-phosphate aldolase,B739_RS10205)、邻氨基苯甲酸磷酸核糖转移酶(anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase,B739_RS09155)、烟酸磷酸核糖转移酶(nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase,B739_RS02380)等均显著下调,这提示温度骤然改变有可能影响了酶促反应的正常发生,干扰细菌的生长代谢过程。
将差异表达基因进行GO富集分析,差异表达基因主要参与核苷代谢过程、糖基化合物代谢过程和细胞氮化合物生物合成过程等生物学过程,核心RNA聚合酶结合转录因子活性、核心DNA依赖性RNA聚合酶结合启动子特异活性和σ因子活性等分子功能,这些差异表达基因绝大部分在42 ℃表达上调。
将差异表达基因进行KEGG通路富集分析,上调差异显著富集于编码核糖体亚基的基因,如30S ribosomal protein S6 (B739_RS07670)、30S ribosomal protein S12 (B739_RS02340)、30S ribosomal protein S15 (B739_RS06190)、30S ribosomal protein S20 (B739_RS04910)、30S ribosomal protein S21 (B739_RS01780)、50S ribosomal protein L11 (B739_RS01720)、50S ribosomal protein L13 (B739_RS01875)、50S ribosomal protein L19 (B739_RS09270)、50S ribosomal protein L28 (B739_RS03260)、50S ribosomal protein L30 (B739_RS04820)、50S ribosomal protein L31 (B739_RS05475)、50S ribosomal protein L32 (B739_RS04345)、50S ribosomal protein L33 (B739_RS03255);氧化磷酸化通路相关基因,如ATP synthase F0 subunit A (B739_RS07920)、ATP synthase F0 subunit C (B739_RS07925)、ATP synthase F0 subunit B (B739_RS07930)、ATP synthase F1 subunit delta (B739_RS07935)、NADH-quinone oxidoreductase subunit K (B739_RS05725)、NADH dehydrogenase subunit J (B739_RS05720)、NADH dehydrogenase subunit C (B739_RS05685)、ATPase (B739_RS00715);细菌分泌系统相关基因,如preprotein translocase (B739_RS02040)、preprotein translocase subunit YajC (B739_RS02145)、preprotein translocase subunit SecA (B739_RS02630)、Sec-independent protein secretion pathway component (B739_RS02035)。下调的差异表达基因富集于苯丙氨酸代谢,如天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(B739_RS03725B739_RS09950)、羟酰基辅酶A脱氢酶(B739_RS09120);苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成通路,如天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(B739_RS03725B739_RS09950)、氨基苯甲酸磷酸核糖基转移酶(B739_RS09155)、谷氨酰胺氨基转移酶(B739_RS09150);半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢通路,如半胱氨酸合酶(B739_RS01110)、丝氨酸O-乙酰转移酶(B739_RS01115)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(B739_RS03725B739_RS09950),可以发现当温度升高后,芳香族氨基酸相关基因下调。
核糖体是一种大的核糖核蛋白颗粒,在所有物种中都由2个亚基组成。在细菌中,这2个亚基分别被命名为小亚基(30S)和大亚基(50S),它们共同组成70S核糖体。核糖体蛋白(ribosomal protein)基因是大多数细胞类型中最高表达的基因之一。它们的产物通常是核糖体合成所必需的,而核糖体合成是细胞生长和增殖的基石[16]。F1Fo ATP合成酶(ATP synthase)能够合成细胞中大部分的ATP[17]。分子伴侣GroEL和DnaK除了需要GroES和GrpE等分子伴侣外,还依赖于连续的ATP水解来维持蛋白质处于热力学不稳定的天然状态[18]。ATP水解后,分子伴侣通过核苷酸交换从ADP状态返回ATP状态,这一过程通常由核苷酸交换因子如细菌的GrpE催化[19]。在大肠杆菌中,热休克蛋白GrpE的表达受σ70和σ32启动子的调控,其mRNA水平在对升高温度的反应中被快速和短暂地诱导[20]。分子伴侣ClpB属于AAA+ ATP酶的Hsp100/Clp亚家族,是在感染期间可以增强宿主中细菌存活的因子之一[21]。ClpB具有一定的先天蛋白重塑活性,然而它们需要DnaK/Hsp70伴侣系统的合作来分解和重新激活不溶性聚集蛋白[22]。有研究报道,在牙龈卟啉单胞菌W83中缺失clpB后菌株对热应激的敏感性增加,但对KB细胞、人冠状动脉内皮(human coronary artery endothelial, HCAE)细胞和牙龈上皮细胞的侵袭能力显著降低,对小鼠的毒力也下降,说明clpB基因参与牙龈卟啉单胞菌体外细胞侵袭和体内的毒力[23]。细菌在感染宿主时会经历温度的波动,温度的变化可以激活热休克应激反应途径首先感知并应对环境温度的变化,而后通知微生物病原体成功感染宿主并启动毒力程序[24],但是热休克蛋白在鸭疫里默氏杆菌中是否参与毒力还需进一步研究。
总之,本研究通过转录组测序比较分析了实验培养温度37 ℃和鸭体温42 ℃条件下RA-CH-1的基因转录水平差异,发现相较于实验培养温度,在鸭体温下大部分热应激反应相关基因表达显著上调,而部分编码代谢相关酶的基因显著下调,从而适应性地调节自身生长代谢,这为进一步鉴定鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染宿主的致病因子和致病机制奠定了基础。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1800200)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32273003)
  • 四川省自然科学基金(2024NSFSC0034)
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2024年第64卷第7期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230755
  • 接收时间:2023-12-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-07-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-07
  • 录用日期:2024-04-07
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1800200)
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1800200)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32273003)
国家自然科学基金(32273003)
Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC0034)
四川省自然科学基金(2024NSFSC0034)
作者信息
    1 西南动物疫病防控技术教育部工程研究中心, 四川 成都 611130
    2 四川省动物疫病防控国际联合研究中心, 四川 成都 611130
    3 动物疫病与人类健康四川省重点实验室, 四川 成都 611130
    4 四川农业大学动物医学院 禽病防治研究中心, 四川 成都 611130

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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