Article(id=1241379094974222922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241379085109219745, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230723, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1701014400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1708963200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-02-27, onlineDate=1773897439949, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1720022400000, pubDateStr=2024-07-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773897439949, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773897439949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897439949, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241379085109219745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='7', pageStart='2151', pageEnd='2582', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773897437598, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897688675, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241380138257010733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241379085109219745, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241380138257010734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241379085109219745, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2307, endPage=2322, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241379095418819179, articleId=1241379094974222922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Rescue andinvitro growth characterization of NSP2 multisite-deleted strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GS15, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] A genetically engineered virus strainrGS15-∆2 with deletion of the residues at the positions 519–565 and 628–747 of the non-structural protein 2 (NSP2) had been rescued based on the PRRSV/GSWW/2015 infectious clone. This study aims to construct and rescue an engineered virus strain with the deletion of three sites in NSP2 based onrGS15-∆2. [Methods] Based on the infectious clones ofrGS15-∆2, two recombinant plasmids with the deletion of three sites were constructed by fusion PCR. Specifically, the dominant epitope at the amino acid site 323–364 or 372–433 of NSP2 was further deleted on the basis ofrGS15-∆2. The recombinant plasmids were linearized and mixed with liposome, which were transfected into Marc-145 cells for virus rescue. The growth characteristics of the engineered virus strains were analyzed by electron microscopy, immunofluorescence assay (IFA), virus titer determination, and growth curve establishment. [Results] The engineered virus strainsrGS15-∆3-1 andrGS15-∆3-2 were rescued successfully. Virions with the diameter from 50 nm to 80 nm can be observed under an electron microscope. The results of IFA confirmed the expression of PRRSV N protein by the rescued virus strains and the parent strain GS15. Furthermore, the rescued viruses were cultured with Marc-145 cells for 40 passages, and the deletion regions were confirmed to be stable by RT-PCR and sequencing. The titers ofrGS15-∆3-1 andrGS15-∆3-2 were 2.00×106.0 TCID50/mL and 2.25×105.8 TCID50/mL, respectively, which had differences from that of the parent strain (P < 0.05). The growth curves showed that the rescued viruses had lower replication levels than the parent strain, and they reached the peak titers 24 h later than the parent strain. [Conclusion] We characterized the growth of the viruses with the deletion of multiple sites in NSP2 of PRRSV. The findings laid a foundation for the development of novel PRRSV-labeled vaccines and provided a new strategy for the prevention and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome.

, correspAuthors=Qiaoying ZENG, Zengjun LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: ZENG Qiaoying,;
E-mail: LU Zengjun,
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xingmin ZHANG, Jing ZHANG, Pu SUN, Jiaoyang LI, Zhanding CUI, Guoxiu LI, Jian WANG, Pinghua LI, Hong YUAN, Kun LI, Yimei CAO, Yuanfang FU, Dong LI, Zhixun ZHAO, Qiaoying ZENG, Zengjun LU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241379099214664524, articleId=1241379094974222922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GS15株NSP2蛋白多位点缺失病毒的拯救与体外生长特性分析, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】本实验室前期在高致病性毒株PRRSV/GSWW/2015的感染性克隆上,拯救获得了非结构蛋白(non-structural protein 2, NSP2)第519−565位和第628−747位氨基酸双缺失的工程病毒(rGS15-∆2)。本研究旨在在双缺失病毒的感染性克隆上,构建拯救获得NSP2三个位点缺失的工程病毒。【方法】在前期双缺失病毒感染性克隆的基础上,利用融合PCR方法分别构建缺失NSP2第323−364位和第372−433位优势抗原表位的两个3个位点缺失的重组质粒。经脂质体介导,转染Marc-145细胞拯救病毒,通过电子显微镜观察、免疫荧光实验、测定病毒滴度、绘制生长曲线等方法对缺失病毒的生长特性进行分析。【结果】成功获得拯救病毒rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2。电子显微镜下可以观察到直径大小为50−80 nm的病毒粒子;免疫荧光实验检测表明,拯救病毒与亲本病毒GS15一致,都能检测到PRRSV N蛋白表达;缺失区域RT-PCR扩增鉴定,拯救病毒传至40代缺失标记稳定存在;rGS15-∆3-1与rGS15-∆3-2病毒滴度分别为2.00×106.0 TCID50/mL和2.25×105.8 TCID50/mL,与亲本病毒相比病毒滴度差异显著(P < 0.05);生长曲线分析表明拯救病毒复制水平低于亲本病毒达到最高滴度的培养时间比亲本病毒延迟24 h。【结论】本研究通过对PRRSV基因2型非结构蛋白NSP2多位点缺失病毒的体外生长特性分析,为研制新型PRRSV标记疫苗奠定了基础,也为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的防控提供新的策略。

, correspAuthors=曾巧英, 卢曾军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=8xg0PLI0nA0h6iRjKc+s9w==, magXml=cbcMsEbL+hJdigTfYQTfUQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xwCZexN5dAXikD24LfRHEA==, pdfFileSize=895312, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ncrrpEgPpUD9gEvP/wf23A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=eTDLrXxMynx0/PrhYlmFrw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=张兴民, 张婧, 孙普, 李娇阳, 崔占鼎, 李国秀, 王健, 李平花, 袁红, 李坤, 曹轶梅, 付元芳, 李冬, 赵志荀, 曾巧英, 卢曾军)}, authors=[Author(id=1241445810177627067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241445810328622023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, authorId=1241445810177627067, language=EN, stringName=Xingmin ZHANG, firstName=Xingmin, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
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2 State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Medicine and Biosafety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.1009554, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=17, issue=4, pageStart=e1009554, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=PLoS Pathogens, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG MZ, HAN XL, OSTERRIEDER K, VEIT M.Palmitoylation of the envelope membrane proteins GP5 and M of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is essential for virus growth[J].PLoS Pathogens,2021,17(4):e1009554., articleTitle=Palmitoylation of the envelope membrane proteins GP5 and M of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is essential for virus growth, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241445837641929398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, doi=10.1128/jvi.00005-22, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=96, issue=6, pageStart=e0000522, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], 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Animal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Medicine and Biosafety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241445809942746024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, companyId=1241445809925968806, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所/兰州大学动物医学与生物安全学院 动物疫病防控全国重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241445810047603635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241445810055992242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, companyId=1241445810047603635, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Gansu Provincial Research Center of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241445810064380851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, companyId=1241445810047603635, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 甘肃省病原生物学基础学科研究中心, 甘肃 兰州 730046)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241445825772048827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=B-cell linear epitope analysis of NSP2 genome. A: IEDB online software analysis of NSP2 genome B cell linear epitopes. B: IEDB online software analysis of NSP2 amino acid positions 275−610 B cell linear epitopes. Red box represent B cell epitopes: E275−A610; Green box represent B cell epitopes: P323−E364; Blue box represent B cell epitopes: L372−P433., figureFileSmall=pb5CbzNJaWpfPIqGJYmrUA==, figureFileBig=7XWJhhb+zMKc73mAEmdCLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445825881100733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=CN, label=图1, caption=NSP2基因组B细胞线性表位分析

A:IEDB在线软件分析NSP2基因组B细胞线性表位. B:IEDB在线软件分析NSP2第275−610位氨基酸B细胞线性表位. 红色框表示B细胞表位:E275−A610;绿色框表示B细胞表位:P323−E364;蓝色框表示B细胞表位:L372−P433

, figureFileSmall=pb5CbzNJaWpfPIqGJYmrUA==, figureFileBig=7XWJhhb+zMKc73mAEmdCLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445827474936267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Schematic diagram of NSP2 missing location., figureFileSmall=MnGOoGE+f+/4G9WKwoffEA==, figureFileBig=4O7sPR6CQYP2U2DyW1JxOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445827630125523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=CN, label=图2, caption=NSP2缺失位置示意图, figureFileSmall=MnGOoGE+f+/4G9WKwoffEA==, figureFileBig=4O7sPR6CQYP2U2DyW1JxOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445827726594520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Fusion PCR amplification of ∆3-1 and ∆3-2. M: DL5000 DNA Marker; Lane 1: Fusion fragment of ∆3-1; Lane 2: Fusion fragment of ∆3-2; N: Negative control., figureFileSmall=elrWKvurXyaq1P5ISu6eFA==, figureFileBig=h8X2m/kvCw4Wjq6YTQldjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445827814674911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=CN, label=图3, caption=∆3-1和∆3-2融合PCR扩增

M:DL5000 DNA分子标记;Lane 1:∆3-1融合扩增条带;Lane 2:∆3-2融合扩增条带;N:阴性对照

, figureFileSmall=elrWKvurXyaq1P5ISu6eFA==, figureFileBig=h8X2m/kvCw4Wjq6YTQldjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445827927921127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Identification of full-length plasms pGS-AB-∆3-1 and pGS-AB-∆3-2 by 1% gel electrophoresis. A: Full-length plasmid pGS-AB-∆3-1 and pGS-AB-∆3-2. M: DL15000 DNA Marker; Lane 1: Full-length plasmid pGS-AB-∆3-1; Lane 2: Full-length plasmid pGS-AB-∆3-2. B: Identification of full-length plasmid pGS-AB-∆3-1 and pGS-AB-∆3-2 by enzyme digestion. M: DL10000 DNA Marker; 1: pGS-AB-∆3-1 digested withSac Ⅰ; 2: pGS-AB-∆3-2 digested withSac Ⅰ., figureFileSmall=M8HzfseK70jqyMfoj83XXQ==, figureFileBig=cwCaYG+93eK7YzDGjMd5Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445828024390123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=CN, label=图4, caption=全长质粒pGS-AB-∆3-1和pGS-AB-∆3-2 1%凝胶电泳鉴定

A:pGS-AB-∆3-1和pGS-AB-∆3-2株全长质粒. M:DL15000 DNA分子标记;Lane 1:pGS-AB-∆3-1全长质粒;Lane 2:pGS-AB-∆3-2全长质粒. B:pGS-AB-∆3-1和pGS-AB-∆3-2株全长质粒酶切鉴定. M:DL10000 DNA分子标记;Lane 1:pGS-AB-∆3-1Sac Ⅰ酶切产物;Lane 2:pGS-AB-∆3-2Sac Ⅰ酶切产物

, figureFileSmall=M8HzfseK70jqyMfoj83XXQ==, figureFileBig=cwCaYG+93eK7YzDGjMd5Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445828158607860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Cytopathic effect of the parent virus GS15 and rescued virusesrGS15-∆3-1,rGS15-∆3-2 on Marc-145, and electron micrographs of the rescued virusesrGS15-∆3-1 andrGS15-∆3-2., figureFileSmall=N2XTYtG6MCgW6Ao+5OKzDw==, figureFileBig=50tm6JmkQ52TH1MrH52zXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445828263465466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=CN, label=图5, caption=亲本病毒GS15和拯救病毒rGS15-∆3-1、rGS15-∆3-2在Marc-145细胞上的细胞病变效应及拯救病毒rGS15-∆3-1、rGS15-∆3-2的电镜观察, figureFileSmall=N2XTYtG6MCgW6Ao+5OKzDw==, figureFileBig=50tm6JmkQ52TH1MrH52zXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445828355740159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=The deletion region of NSP2 was identified by PCR amplification of different passages of deletion virusrGS15-∆3-1 (A) andrGS15-∆3-2 (B). M: DL10000 DNA Marker; N: Negative control. A, Lane 1: RT-PCR product of GS15; Lane 5−40: F5−F40 RT-PCR products ofrGS15-∆3-1. B, Lane 1: RT-PCR product of GS15; Lane 5−40: F5−F40 RT-PCR products ofrGS15-∆3-2., figureFileSmall=jrAb50gY0nc58iCNWCEp6w==, figureFileBig=8aFrHtOFCYzyCt4+kni2jQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445828473180678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同代次缺失病毒rGS15-∆3-1 (A)和rGS15-∆3-2 (B) NSP2缺失区域PCR扩增鉴定

M:DL5000 DNA分子标记;N:阴性对照。A,Lane 1:GS15;Lane 5−40:rGS15-∆3-1毒株第5到第40代RT-PCR扩增条带. B,Lane 1:GS15;Lane 5−40:rGS15-∆3-2毒株第5到第40代RT-PCR扩增条带

, figureFileSmall=jrAb50gY0nc58iCNWCEp6w==, figureFileBig=8aFrHtOFCYzyCt4+kni2jQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445828615787025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Identification of the parental virus GS15 and rescued virusesrGS15-∆3-1,rGS15-∆3-2 using IFA (72 h, 200×)., figureFileSmall=LOW3Yhs1WFjkcM6kulRpsQ==, figureFileBig=KI/JL+b+HKaQ2fiKGrkkyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445828888416794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=CN, label=图7, caption=亲本病毒GS15与拯救病毒rGS15-∆3-1、rGS15-∆3-2 IFA鉴定(72 h, 200×), figureFileSmall=LOW3Yhs1WFjkcM6kulRpsQ==, figureFileBig=KI/JL+b+HKaQ2fiKGrkkyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445829064577566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=The growth curves of the parental viruses GS15,rGS15-∆1,rGS15-∆2 and the rescued virusesrGS15-∆3-1,rGS15-∆3-2., figureFileSmall=eTV3UH0Gz+FtJ1yOF6qkvQ==, figureFileBig=U8/7gXB7wRUjE/TjJHZ+Wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445829202989604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=CN, label=图8, caption=亲本病毒GS15、rGS15-∆1、rGS15-∆2以及拯救病毒rGS15-∆3-1、rGS15-∆3-2的生长曲线, figureFileSmall=eTV3UH0Gz+FtJ1yOF6qkvQ==, figureFileBig=U8/7gXB7wRUjE/TjJHZ+Wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445829341401636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers sequence uesd in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer namePrimer sequence (5′→3′)
D-FCTTTCCGATTGCACGAATGACTAGTGGAAACCTGAA
D-RTTCACACCGACGGGAAAGAAAGGAGCTCGAAATG
∆3-1FGTCCCTCCCGTGACTCAAGCCTTTGCTGGAAGAATACGGACTCATGCCCAC
∆3-1RGTGGGCATGAGTCCGTATTCTTCCAGCAAAGGCTCTTGAGTCACGGGAGGGAC
∆3-2FCTCTCTAAGTTGGAAGAGGTTGTCCCGAGAGTTCAACCCCGCAGAACAAG
∆3-2RCTTGTTCTGCGGGGTTGAACTCTCGGGACAACCTCTTCCAACTTAGAGAGTAC
1648FTTGGACAGGAACGGCGCTTG
3720RGAATAAGCCAACACCACCTG
Fl12-FCGGCAAATGATAACCACGC
Fl12-RTTCTGCCACCCAACACGAG
F1-FATGACGTATAGGTGTTGGCTC
F1-RCAATGATGGCTTGAGCTGAG
F2-FCTGAGTGAAATCTCGGACGTAC
F2-RCAATAGCGCGACCAGTCCAC
F3-FGGACTTCGCCATAGCYGATTGCC
F3-RATCCCAAAGCGTGCCATCAATCCC
F4-FGGCGGCTTRGTTGTTACTGAGAC
F4-RGGACAATGCTGGTGRAAGTG
F5-FCCATGTGGGAAAAACTCAGGTC
F5-RAGTCCAACACADTTTCCAGCAC
F6-FCTTCCGCGCTTCCTTCCCAAG
F6-RCGCGGTCAAGCAYTTCCCCAACATA
F7-FGTGTCAGGCATTGTGGCTGTGTG
F7-RTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTAATTDCGGCCGCATGGTTCTCG
), ArticleFig(id=1241445829534339625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer namePrimer sequence (5′→3′)
D-FCTTTCCGATTGCACGAATGACTAGTGGAAACCTGAA
D-RTTCACACCGACGGGAAAGAAAGGAGCTCGAAATG
∆3-1FGTCCCTCCCGTGACTCAAGCCTTTGCTGGAAGAATACGGACTCATGCCCAC
∆3-1RGTGGGCATGAGTCCGTATTCTTCCAGCAAAGGCTCTTGAGTCACGGGAGGGAC
∆3-2FCTCTCTAAGTTGGAAGAGGTTGTCCCGAGAGTTCAACCCCGCAGAACAAG
∆3-2RCTTGTTCTGCGGGGTTGAACTCTCGGGACAACCTCTTCCAACTTAGAGAGTAC
1648FTTGGACAGGAACGGCGCTTG
3720RGAATAAGCCAACACCACCTG
Fl12-FCGGCAAATGATAACCACGC
Fl12-RTTCTGCCACCCAACACGAG
F1-FATGACGTATAGGTGTTGGCTC
F1-RCAATGATGGCTTGAGCTGAG
F2-FCTGAGTGAAATCTCGGACGTAC
F2-RCAATAGCGCGACCAGTCCAC
F3-FGGACTTCGCCATAGCYGATTGCC
F3-RATCCCAAAGCGTGCCATCAATCCC
F4-FGGCGGCTTRGTTGTTACTGAGAC
F4-RGGACAATGCTGGTGRAAGTG
F5-FCCATGTGGGAAAAACTCAGGTC
F5-RAGTCCAACACADTTTCCAGCAC
F6-FCTTCCGCGCTTCCTTCCCAAG
F6-RCGCGGTCAAGCAYTTCCCCAACATA
F7-FGTGTCAGGCATTGTGGCTGTGTG
F7-RTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTAATTDCGGCCGCATGGTTCTCG
), ArticleFig(id=1241445829651780139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Nucleotide and amino acid mutations of rGS15-∆3-1 and rGS15-∆3-2 viruses at different passages and amino acid change statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ProteinNucleotide positionNucleotide changeAmino acid positionParent virus GS15Amino acid change in rGS15-∆3-1Amino acid change in rGS15-∆3-2
F5F20F5F20
NSP1β821G→T201WNSilentSilentN
NSP23 799C→A/T1 194LISilentFSilent
3 821A→G/C1 201QRSilentPSilent
3 946A→T1 243SCSilentSilentSilent
3 970C→G1 251PSilentAASilent
GP413 431A→C84NTSilentSilentSilent
GP513 414G→A13RKSilentSilentSilent
N14 904C→T26LSilentSilentPSilent
14 946G→C40GASilentSilentSilent
), ArticleFig(id=1241445829756637743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2不同代次病毒核苷酸和氨基酸突变的位置及氨基酸变化统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ProteinNucleotide positionNucleotide changeAmino acid positionParent virus GS15Amino acid change in rGS15-∆3-1Amino acid change in rGS15-∆3-2
F5F20F5F20
NSP1β821G→T201WNSilentSilentN
NSP23 799C→A/T1 194LISilentFSilent
3 821A→G/C1 201QRSilentPSilent
3 946A→T1 243SCSilentSilentSilent
3 970C→G1 251PSilentAASilent
GP413 431A→C84NTSilentSilentSilent
GP513 414G→A13RKSilentSilentSilent
N14 904C→T26LSilentSilentPSilent
14 946G→C40GASilentSilentSilent
), ArticleFig(id=1241445829928604213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Detection of virus titers of different generations of rescue viruses

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Deletion virusF5F10F20F30F40
Standard error of mean titers shown in parenthesis.
rGS15-∆3-15.35 (0.20)5.31 (0.22)5.80 (0.21)6.01 (0.20)5.98 (0.30)
rGS15-∆3-24.90 (0.30)5.15 (0.22)5.70 (0.30)5.90 (0.24)5.85 (0.40)
), ArticleFig(id=1241445830033461819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379094974222922, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

拯救病毒不同代次病毒滴度测定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Deletion virusF5F10F20F30F40
Standard error of mean titers shown in parenthesis.
rGS15-∆3-15.35 (0.20)5.31 (0.22)5.80 (0.21)6.01 (0.20)5.98 (0.30)
rGS15-∆3-24.90 (0.30)5.15 (0.22)5.70 (0.30)5.90 (0.24)5.85 (0.40)
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猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GS15株NSP2蛋白多位点缺失病毒的拯救与体外生长特性分析
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张兴民 1, 2, 3 , 张婧 2, 3 , 孙普 1, 2, 3 , 李娇阳 2, 3 , 崔占鼎 2, 3 , 李国秀 2, 3 , 王健 2, 3 , 李平花 2, 3 , 袁红 2, 3 , 李坤 2, 3 , 曹轶梅 2, 3 , 付元芳 2, 3 , 李冬 2, 3 , 赵志荀 2, 3 , 曾巧英 1, * , 卢曾军 2, 3, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(7): 2307-2322
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(7): 2307-2322
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GS15株NSP2蛋白多位点缺失病毒的拯救与体外生长特性分析
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张兴民1, 2, 3, 张婧2, 3, 孙普1, 2, 3, 李娇阳2, 3, 崔占鼎2, 3, 李国秀2, 3, 王健2, 3, 李平花2, 3, 袁红2, 3, 李坤2, 3, 曹轶梅2, 3, 付元芳2, 3, 李冬2, 3, 赵志荀2, 3, 曾巧英1, * , 卢曾军2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 甘肃农业大学动物医学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 2 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所/兰州大学动物医学与生物安全学院 动物疫病防控全国重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 3 甘肃省病原生物学基础学科研究中心, 甘肃 兰州 730046
Rescue andinvitro growth characterization of NSP2 multisite-deleted strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GS15
Xingmin ZHANG1, 2, 3, Jing ZHANG2, 3, Pu SUN1, 2, 3, Jiaoyang LI2, 3, Zhanding CUI2, 3, Guoxiu LI2, 3, Jian WANG2, 3, Pinghua LI2, 3, Hong YUAN2, 3, Kun LI2, 3, Yimei CAO2, 3, Yuanfang FU2, 3, Dong LI2, 3, Zhixun ZHAO2, 3, Qiaoying ZENG1, * , Zengjun LU2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Medicine and Biosafety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 3 Gansu Provincial Research Center of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China
出版时间: 2024-07-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230723
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【目的】本实验室前期在高致病性毒株PRRSV/GSWW/2015的感染性克隆上,拯救获得了非结构蛋白(non-structural protein 2, NSP2)第519−565位和第628−747位氨基酸双缺失的工程病毒(rGS15-∆2)。本研究旨在在双缺失病毒的感染性克隆上,构建拯救获得NSP2三个位点缺失的工程病毒。【方法】在前期双缺失病毒感染性克隆的基础上,利用融合PCR方法分别构建缺失NSP2第323−364位和第372−433位优势抗原表位的两个3个位点缺失的重组质粒。经脂质体介导,转染Marc-145细胞拯救病毒,通过电子显微镜观察、免疫荧光实验、测定病毒滴度、绘制生长曲线等方法对缺失病毒的生长特性进行分析。【结果】成功获得拯救病毒rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2。电子显微镜下可以观察到直径大小为50−80 nm的病毒粒子;免疫荧光实验检测表明,拯救病毒与亲本病毒GS15一致,都能检测到PRRSV N蛋白表达;缺失区域RT-PCR扩增鉴定,拯救病毒传至40代缺失标记稳定存在;rGS15-∆3-1与rGS15-∆3-2病毒滴度分别为2.00×106.0 TCID50/mL和2.25×105.8 TCID50/mL,与亲本病毒相比病毒滴度差异显著(P < 0.05);生长曲线分析表明拯救病毒复制水平低于亲本病毒达到最高滴度的培养时间比亲本病毒延迟24 h。【结论】本研究通过对PRRSV基因2型非结构蛋白NSP2多位点缺失病毒的体外生长特性分析,为研制新型PRRSV标记疫苗奠定了基础,也为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的防控提供新的策略。

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒  /  感染性克隆  /  非结构蛋白2 (NSP2)  /  缺失标记  /  生长特性

[Objective] A genetically engineered virus strainrGS15-∆2 with deletion of the residues at the positions 519–565 and 628–747 of the non-structural protein 2 (NSP2) had been rescued based on the PRRSV/GSWW/2015 infectious clone. This study aims to construct and rescue an engineered virus strain with the deletion of three sites in NSP2 based onrGS15-∆2. [Methods] Based on the infectious clones ofrGS15-∆2, two recombinant plasmids with the deletion of three sites were constructed by fusion PCR. Specifically, the dominant epitope at the amino acid site 323–364 or 372–433 of NSP2 was further deleted on the basis ofrGS15-∆2. The recombinant plasmids were linearized and mixed with liposome, which were transfected into Marc-145 cells for virus rescue. The growth characteristics of the engineered virus strains were analyzed by electron microscopy, immunofluorescence assay (IFA), virus titer determination, and growth curve establishment. [Results] The engineered virus strainsrGS15-∆3-1 andrGS15-∆3-2 were rescued successfully. Virions with the diameter from 50 nm to 80 nm can be observed under an electron microscope. The results of IFA confirmed the expression of PRRSV N protein by the rescued virus strains and the parent strain GS15. Furthermore, the rescued viruses were cultured with Marc-145 cells for 40 passages, and the deletion regions were confirmed to be stable by RT-PCR and sequencing. The titers ofrGS15-∆3-1 andrGS15-∆3-2 were 2.00×106.0 TCID50/mL and 2.25×105.8 TCID50/mL, respectively, which had differences from that of the parent strain (P < 0.05). The growth curves showed that the rescued viruses had lower replication levels than the parent strain, and they reached the peak titers 24 h later than the parent strain. [Conclusion] We characterized the growth of the viruses with the deletion of multiple sites in NSP2 of PRRSV. The findings laid a foundation for the development of novel PRRSV-labeled vaccines and provided a new strategy for the prevention and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome.

porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus  /  infectious clone  /  non-structural protein 2 (NSP2)  /  deletion marker  /  growth characteristics
张兴民, 张婧, 孙普, 李娇阳, 崔占鼎, 李国秀, 王健, 李平花, 袁红, 李坤, 曹轶梅, 付元芳, 李冬, 赵志荀, 曾巧英, 卢曾军. 猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GS15株NSP2蛋白多位点缺失病毒的拯救与体外生长特性分析. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (7) : 2307 -2322 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230723
Xingmin ZHANG, Jing ZHANG, Pu SUN, Jiaoyang LI, Zhanding CUI, Guoxiu LI, Jian WANG, Pinghua LI, Hong YUAN, Kun LI, Yimei CAO, Yuanfang FU, Dong LI, Zhixun ZHAO, Qiaoying ZENG, Zengjun LU. Rescue andinvitro growth characterization of NSP2 multisite-deleted strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GS15[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (7) : 2307 -2322 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230723
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, PRRS)是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, PRRSV)引起的一种以母猪繁殖障碍和各年龄段猪呼吸道症状为主要特征的传染病,给养猪业造成了巨大经济损失[1]。PRRSV属于尼多病毒目(Nidovirales)、动脉病毒科(Arteriviridae)、动脉炎病毒属(Arteriviridae)成员,单股正链RNA病毒。基因组约15.4 kb,基因组编码至少16个非结构蛋白Nsp1α−Nsp12b,8个结构蛋白GP2、E、GP3、GP4、GP5α、GP5、M和N蛋白[2]。根据2021年7月,国际病毒分类委员会(International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, ICTV)关于PRRSV的最新分类,将其定义为两种不同的病原[porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-1 (PRRSV-1,欧洲型)和porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 (PRRSV-2,美洲型)][3]
反向遗传操作技术的建立有助于了解PRRSV复制和感染过程,通过反向遗传操作技术能够对目的基因进行直接改造,从而产生遗传修饰的突变病毒,可进一步研究这些变化对表型和性状产生的影响,有助于针对流行毒株的遗传特征合理设计新一代疫苗[4]。研究报道,尽管在N蛋白中构建了长片段氨基酸缺失的毒株,但都未能成功拯救出病毒[5]。因此,结构蛋白的本质特性使得它不适合作为构建缺失标记毒株的目标区域。非结构蛋白(non-structural protein 2, NSP2)是PRRSV基因组中最大的非结构蛋白,NSP2蛋白包含多个结构域,包括N端高变区(hyper variable region 1, HV1)和中间高变区(hyper variable region 2, HV2),2个HVs之间的木瓜样蛋白酶结构域,以及C端疏水跨膜结构域[6]。NSP2的高变区(HV2)存在自然缺失和插入,导致PRRSV株间基因组大小存在差异[7]。NSP2上的这种缺失和插入已成为构建缺失标记毒株的目标区域[8]。研究报道,在VR2332毒株NSP2上构建缺失第323−726位共403个氨基酸的缺失毒株,其生长特性和致细胞病变的能力均低于亲本毒株[9],由此推断在NSP2的非必须区域缺失长片段的氨基酸能使缺失病毒的复制水平降低。NSP2中包含多个功能区,其中就包括一个高度免疫原性区域21−840 aa,该区域拥有多个B细胞线性表位[10-11]。这些表位可以被感染PRRSV猪的抗体反应识别。研究报道,在NSP2上的一些B细胞线性表位不在病毒复制所需的必需区域中,在PRRSV全长感染性克隆中选择免疫优势表位以及缺失这些区域将是开发标记疫苗最为可行的方法[12-13]
王治家等[14]根据近几年国内流行毒株序列比对结果,为研究高致病性PRRSV GS15 NSP2不同缺失位置对病毒复制能力的影响,构建了一系列NSP2不同位置的缺失毒株,并成功拯救获得了缺失第519−565位的rGS15-∆1株和同时缺失第519−565位和第628−747位氨基酸的双缺失工程病毒rGS15-∆2,并比较缺失病毒与亲本病毒的复制能力、病毒滴度、对仔猪的致病性和免疫原性。rGS15-∆1生长特性强于亲本毒株GS15,而rGS15-∆2复制能力略低于亲本毒株;亲本毒株GS15、rGS15-∆1和rGS15-∆2病毒滴度分别为107.5、107.7和107.2 TCID50/mL,病毒滴度无显著差异[15];在对仔猪的致病性实验中亲本病毒GS15和rGS15-∆1都导致实验组仔猪全部死亡,而rGS15-∆2引起仔猪出现严重临床症状,但死亡率低于GS15和rGS15-∆1;免疫保护性实验中rGS15-∆1和rGS15-∆2对同源毒株GS15达到完全保护,但是对异源毒株保护力不强[16]。以上研究为高致病性PRRSV标记病毒研制以及NSP2不同区域对病毒复制的重要性研究提供了有益的探索。本研究利用IEDB在线软件分析PRRSV NSP2中B细胞线性表位发现E275−A610位是一个较大的抗原表位,其中第P323−E364位和第L372−P433位为优势抗原表位,所以在已有双缺失毒株的基础上,分别构建了缺失NSP2第323−364位、第372−433位优势抗原表位的2个3点缺失的感染性克隆,转染Marc-145细胞拯救获得了2株缺失标记稳定存在的缺失毒株rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2。为研制HP-PRRSV NSP2缺失标记疫苗奠定了基础。
PRRSV高致病性毒株GS15 (GenBank登录号为KX767091.1),缺失毒株rGS15-∆1和rGS15-∆2由本实验室分离、拯救、鉴定和保存。2个PRRSV GS15基因组半长质粒5′端7 774 bp与3′端7 774 bp (质粒分别命名为pGS-A和pGS-B);缺失NSP2第519−565位和第628−747位氨基酸编码区的5′端7 135 bp半长质粒(命名为pGS-A-∆2),由本实验室构建保存。2个基因组半长质粒通过中间的Sph Ⅰ和Nhe Ⅰ酶切位点,可以连接产生含有完整病毒基因组的重组质粒。Marc-145细胞由本实验室保存。
限制性内切酶Sph Ⅰ、Nhe Ⅰ、Spe Ⅰ、Sac Ⅰ、Acl Ⅰ和T4 DNA连接酶购自NEB公司;大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli) JM109感受态细胞、反转录酶PrimeScriptTM Ⅱ 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit、无内毒素大提质粒试剂盒购自宝生物工程(大连)有限公司;高保真DNA聚合酶2×Phanta Max Master Mix购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;RNA提取试剂盒RNeasy Plus Mini Kit购自QIAGEN公司;DMEM培养基、胎牛血清、Lip3000脂质体、0.25%胰酶购自Gibco公司;磁珠法DNA纯化试剂盒购自广州康洋生物科技有限公司;SR30株N蛋白单克隆抗体购自RTILLC公司;FITC-山羊抗小鼠IgG购自BOSTER公司。
利用IEDB在线软件分析PRRSV NSP2中B细胞线性表位发现,E275−A610位是一个抗原表位,其中第P323−E364位和第L372−P433位为优势抗原表位(图1),因此,在已有双缺失毒株的基础上分别对这2个优势抗原表位进行缺失构建,具体缺失位置如图2所示,参照美洲型PRRSV/GS15株病毒基因组序列及NSP2缺失区域,设计扩增∆3-1片段的上下游引物对∆3-1F和∆3-1R;设计扩增∆3-2片段的上下游引物对∆3-2F和∆3-2R;D-F、D-R为融合PCR引物,含有Spe Ⅰ和Sac Ⅰ两个酶切位,通过这2个酶切位点将NSP2缺失序列融合片段插入到pGS-A质粒中;同时设计鉴定缺失标记的特异性引物1648F和3720R;检测GS15全基因组的7对特异性引物(表1)。∆3-1缺失上游片段扩增引物对为D-F和∆3-1R,长度为1 870 bp,下游片段扩增引物对为∆3-1F和D-R,长度为1 709 bp;∆3-2缺失上游片段扩增引物对为D-F和∆3-2R,长度为2 014 bp,下游片段扩增引物对为∆3-2F和D-R,长度为1 523 bp。
以pGS-A-∆2质粒DNA为模板,分别扩增∆3-1缺失序列上下游片段,上游片段扩增引物对为D-F (5′-CTTTCCGATTGCACGAATGACTA GTGGAAACCTGAA-3′)和∆3-1R (5′-GTGGGCA TGAGTCCGTATTCTTCCAGCAAAGGCTCTTGAGTCACGGGAGGGAC-3′)。PCR反应体系(25 µL):2×Phanta Max Mix (p515) 12.5 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各1 µL,cDNA (20 ng/μL) 2.5 µL,ddH2O 8 µL。PCR扩增程序:95 ℃ 5 min;95 ℃ 30 s,58 ℃ 15 s,72 ℃ 1 kb/30 s,共35个循环;72 ℃ 5 min。扩增获得∆3-1缺失序列上游片段长度为1 870 bp,∆3-1下游片段扩增引物为∆3-1F (5′-GTCCCTCCCGTGACTCAAGCCTTT GCTGGAAGAATACGGACTCATGCCCAC-3′)和D-R (5′-TTCACACCGACGGGAAAGAAAGGAGCTCGAAATG-3′)。PCR反应体系同上,扩增获得∆3-1缺失序列下游片段长度为1 709 bp,上下游片段回收纯化。以回收纯化产物为模板,通过融合PCR方法对上下游片段进行融合扩增,融合引物对为D-F (5′-CTTTCCGATTGCACGAAT GACTAGTGGAAACCTGAA-3′)和D-R (5′-TTC ACACCGACGGGAAAGAAAGGAGCTCGAAATG-3′)。PCR反应体系(25 µL):2×Phanta Max Mix (p515) 12.5 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各1 µL,cDNA (50 ng/μL) 1 µL,ddH2O 9.5 µL。PCR扩增程序:95 ℃ 5 min;95 ℃ 30 s,63 ℃ 15 s,72 ℃ 1 kb/30 s,共35个循环;72 ℃ 5 min。融合基因片段∆3-1长度为3 579 bp。以相同的方法扩增获得∆3-2基因片段长度为3 537 bp。通过内切酶Spe Ⅰ和Sac Ⅰ对pGS-A质粒与∆3-1/∆3-2基因片段进行双酶切,酶切产物回收纯化,将纯化后的片段∆3-1/∆3-2连入pGS-A中获得pGS-A-∆3-1/∆3-2半长质粒;再通过内切酶Sph Ⅰ和Nhe Ⅰ对质粒pGS-B与pGS-A-∆3-1/∆3-2进行双酶切,酶切产物回收纯化。将纯化后的GS-A-∆3-1/∆3-2片段连接到pGS-B中,得到全长质粒pGS-AB-∆3-1/∆3-2,转化JM109感受态细胞,挑阳性克隆,37 ℃培养过夜,大提质粒定量后于−20 ℃保存备用。
pGS-AB-∆3-1和pGS-AB-∆3-2全长质粒长约18 kb,利用限制性内切酶Sac Ⅰ进行酶切鉴定,酶切鉴定体系:Sac Ⅰ 2 µL,10×buffer 2 µL,pGS-AB-∆3-1/∆3-2 5 µL,ddH2O 11 µL。
通过限制性内切酶Acl Ⅰ将全长质粒pGS-AB-∆3-1/∆3-2线性化处理,利用磁珠法DNA纯化试剂盒,按照纯化说明方法纯化线性化的DNA,纯化产物加10 µL无核酸酶水溶解,定量后于−20 ℃保存备用。将Marc-145细胞均匀铺至6孔板中,培养至70%−90%时按照Lip3000试剂说明书将纯化后的线性化DNA转染于Marc-145细胞。将细胞置于37 ℃培养箱中培养72 h后,反复冻融3次收集细胞液。
将转染后的初代细胞液于4 ℃、3 500 r/min离心10 min,并过滤后收集上清液。将上清液按照体积分数1%接种于Marc-145细胞连续传代,加入5% FBS DMEM培养基,置于37 ℃ 5% CO2培养箱中培养,观察细胞病变情况。
取第5代病毒液接种于Marc-145细胞中,培养72 h后收集病毒培养物,将病毒培养物反复冻融3次,4 ℃、8 000 r/min离心60 min。取出上清,4 ℃、38 000 r/min (Thermo Scientific公司)超离120 min。以适量PBS重悬沉淀,与等量10倍稀释的PRRSV阳性血清于37 ℃孵育1 h,4 ℃过夜。之后4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心60 min,加适量PBS重悬沉淀。最后,将此悬液滴在0.5% Formvar包被的200目铜网上自然干燥,按体积比1:1滴加病毒负染液(pH 7.2的1%磷钨酸PTA水溶液)到铜网上,负染1 min,用滤纸条将多余的负染液吸去,待自然风干后,利用透射电镜观察。
分别取拯救病毒第5、10、20、30和40代病毒液,反复冻融3次后提取病毒RNA,反转录后以cDNA为模板,以1648F (5′-TTGGACAG GAACGGCGCTTG-3′)与3720R (5′-GAATAAGC CAACACCACCTG-3′)为鉴定引物,通过PCR分别扩增5个不同代次毒株NSP2中缺失区域,检测缺失区域是否稳定存在;同时通过7对引物(表1)分别扩增第5、10、20、30、40代次拯救病毒和亲本病毒的全长序列,检测拯救病毒核苷酸和氨基酸序列的稳定性。
取第5代细胞液上清按体积分数1%接种于长满单层Marc-145细胞的6孔板中,同时设置阴性对照,接毒48 h后使用4%甲醛室温固定30 min,0.1% Triton X-100室温穿透15 min,再使用抗PRRSV-SR30单克隆抗体(1:200) 37 ℃孵育1 h,PBS洗5次,最后加入FITC标记山羊抗鼠IgG (1:500) 37 ℃反应30 min,PBS洗5次,加入300 μL的PBS于倒置荧光显微镜下观察结果。
第5、10、20、30、40代rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2的细胞液离心取上清、10倍倍比稀释,将10−1−10−8稀释的病毒分别接种于长满单层Marc-145细胞的96孔板中,每孔100 µL。每个代次做3次重复,每个稀释度做8个孔,同时设置不加病毒的正常细胞作为对照。37 ℃培养、观察5−7 d,每天记录各稀释度出现细胞病变的孔数,按Reed-Muench方法计算半数组织感染量(50% tissue culture infective dose, TCID50)
分别将GS15、rGS15-∆1、rGS15-∆2以及第20代拯救病毒rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2以感染复数(multiplicity of infection, MOI)为0.1接种到铺满Marc-145细胞的6孔板中,在接种后6−96 h不同的时间点分别吸取培养上清液100 µL,进行后续TCID50测定,每个时间点样品做3次重复孔。将取得的每个上清样品使用DMEM进行10倍浓度梯度稀释,将10−1−10−8稀释的病毒接种长满单层Marc-145细胞的96孔细胞培养板中,每个稀释梯度做8个孔,每孔100 µL。37 ℃培养箱连续培养5−7 d,每天对病变情况进行观察计数。待细胞病变数稳定后,计算TCID50,计算方法采用Reed-Mucnch法。最后绘制生长动力曲线。
拯救病毒的病毒滴度及生长曲线分析,使用t检验(双样本等方差假设)分析法进行统计学分析(数据为3次独立试验的平均值),差异显著性用P表示(P < 0.05)。
以质粒pGS-A-∆2为模板,分别扩增∆3-1和∆3-2缺失区域的上下游片段,再通过融合引物D-F和D-R扩增获得融合片段∆3-1和∆3-2。融合片段大小分别为3 579 bp和3 537 bp (图3)。PCR产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察,结果显示条带大小与预期一致。经限制性内切酶Spe Ⅰ和Sac Ⅰ将pGS-A质粒与∆3-1和∆3-2基因片段进行双酶切,酶切产物回收纯化,将纯化后的片段∆3-1和∆3-2连接到pGS-A中获得半长质粒pGS-A-∆3-1/∆3-2。
通过限制性内切酶Sph Ⅰ、Nhe Ⅰ双酶切半长质粒pGS-B与pGS-A-∆3-1/∆3-2,将切下的GS-A-∆3-1/∆3-2片段连入pGS-B中,获得全长质粒pGS-AB-∆3-1/∆3-2,全长质粒长约18 kb (图4A)。pGS-AB-∆3-1、pGS-AB-∆3-2全长质粒通过限制性内切酶Sac Ⅰ酶切鉴定结果(图4B),Sac Ⅰ酶切可得13 000、4 768、1 300 bp三条条带。全长质粒的酶切条带与预期大小一致,表明pGS-AB-∆3-1与pGS-AB-∆3-2全长c DNA质粒构建成功。
将纯化后的线性化DNA转染Marc-145细胞,置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养观察。在Marc-145细胞连续传代至第5代后培养84 h出现典型的细胞病变(图5):细胞开始聚集、变圆、皱缩、崩解、大部分细胞脱落。收集Marc-145细胞上连续稳定传至第15代的细胞毒液,超速离心后,用PRRSV抗血清进行免疫电镜负染观察。拯救病毒粒子呈PRRSV的典型形态特征,即有囊膜的球形病毒粒子,直径大小为50−80 nm,以上结果说明成功拯救到2株在NSP2中缺失3个位点的缺失毒株分别命名为rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2。
分别取拯救病毒第5、10、20、30、40代病毒液和亲本病毒,提取病毒RNA,反转录以cDNA为模板,利用鉴定引物1648F和3720R,通过PCR扩增NSP2缺失区域,可得明显的扩增条带,拯救病毒的条带均小于亲本病毒,同代次缺失病毒的扩增条带大小相同,分别为1 445 bp和1 385 bp,与预期结果一致(图6)。将扩增片段进行测序鉴定,结果表明,缺失病毒rGS15-∆3-1、rGS15-∆3-2的缺失标记均稳定存在。不同代次缺失病毒rGS15-∆3-1、rGS15-∆3-2的全长序列与亲本病毒GS15全长序列比对结果表明(表2),rGS15-∆3-1传至第40代共有8个氨基酸发生突变,其中主要集中在第5代至第10代共有7个氨基酸发生突变,而第20代至第40代仅有1个氨基酸发生突变;rGS15-∆3-2传至第40代共有5个氨基酸发生突变,主要也集中在第5代至第10代共有4个氨基酸发生突变,而第20代至第40代也仅有1个氨基酸发生突变。拯救病毒的突变氨基酸主要分布于NSP1β、NSP2、GP5和N。
将亲本毒株GS15和缺失病毒rGS15-∆3-1、rGS15-∆3-2病毒液按体积分数1%接毒Marc-145细胞,72 h后进行IFA检测。结果显示,接种亲本病毒GS15和拯救病毒rGS15-∆3-1、rGS15-∆3-2的细胞在荧光显微镜下可观察到特异的绿色荧光(图7),而对照细胞无荧光。
rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2第5、10、20、30、40代培养物进行了TCID50测定。结果表明(表3),拯救病毒与亲本病毒相比病毒滴度差异显著(P < 0.05),两个拯救病毒不同代次之间的滴度无显著差异(P > 0.05)。表明rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2在Marc-145细胞上连续传代20代后滴度增殖稳定。
对亲本毒株GS15、单点缺失毒株rGS15-∆1、双缺失毒株rGS15-∆2和第20代的拯救病毒rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2在Marc-145细胞上进行病毒生长曲线测定,每个采样时间点重复3次,各时间点的病毒滴度如图8所示。结果表明,拯救病毒的滴度在每个时间点都低于亲本毒株GS15、rGS15-∆1、rGS15-∆2,其中在48 hrGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2显著低于亲本毒株GS15、rGS15-∆1、rGS15-∆2。拯救病毒的生长特性明显低于亲本病毒GS15、rGS15-∆1、rGS15-∆2,而rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2的生长特性没有明显的差异(P > 0.05)。拯救病毒rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2在Marc-145细胞上已适应良好,72 h能达到较高的滴度,达到最高滴度的培养时间比亲本病毒延迟24 h。
自从PRRS在全球暴发以来,疫苗接种是预防和控制该疾病最可行和有效的措施之一[17],灭活疫苗和改良活疫苗已广泛应用于临床。然而,这些目前使用的商业化的疫苗在安全性和免疫保护力上存在一些局限性[18]。van Oirschot于1999年提出了标记疫苗的概念(marker vaccine),也叫区分感染者和接种疫苗者疫苗(differentiating infected from vaccinated individuals, DIVA),其主要特点是在相应的弱毒疫苗中删除一个或多个具有抗原性,并且是病毒复制非必需的区域作为阴性标记,用以区分疫苗接种动物和野毒感染动物[19-20]。目前,这些商业化的PRRSV疫苗的共同缺点是缺乏DIVA,这意味着对感染和接种的动物无法区分,进而无法净化根除疾病[21]。因此,研发一种DIVA弱毒疫苗对PRRS的控制和最终根除具有重要价值。
应用反向遗传学技术构建RNA病毒感染性克隆,已被广泛应用于研究病毒遗传变异、致病机制以及新一代标记疫苗研发等领域[22]。相关研究表明NSP2具有较高的抗原性,在该蛋白中鉴定出许多表位[23],包括免疫原性B细胞表位和一些潜在的T细胞表位[24]。张民泽等[25]以高致病性XH-GD株的感染性克隆为骨架,构建了包含3处抗原表位缺失105 aa的感染性重组质粒并拯救到活病毒,NSP2上一些抗原表位并不是病毒复制的必需区域,缺失并不影响病毒的复制。本研究利用IEDB在线软件分析PRRSV NSP2中B细胞线性表位,其中第323−364位和第372−433位为优势抗原表位,在NSP2上缺失第323−364位和372−433位氨基酸并成功拯救到活病毒,也表明这2个抗原表位不是病毒复制的必需区域。通过研究缺失优势抗原表位对病毒生长特性的影响,可以为研制PRRSV DIVA疫苗奠定一定理论基础。
NSP2中缺失区域的长短及位置对病毒复制具有一定的影响。研究发现缺失短片段的氨基酸,并不影响病毒在Marc-145细胞上的复制,而缺失长片段的氨基酸可能会降低病毒的复制能力[26]。本课题组王治家等[14]前期拯救获得了在NSP2缺失47 aa的rGS15-∆1,但其复制能力强于亲本病毒,而拯救获得缺失167 aa的rGS15-∆2,其复制能力略低于亲本病毒。研究报道在VR2332的NSP2上拯救获得了缺失第323−433位(110 aa)的病毒[9]。本研究在缺失167 aa的重组质粒的基础上尝试缺失第323−433位(110 aa)但未能拯救到活病毒,这可能是由于缺失片段过长或是存在毒株特异性,因为高致病毒株GS15与VR2332基因组一致性为93.5%,NSP2氨基酸一致性仅为73.0%。因此,本研究将该缺失区域根据优势表位截断为2个部分,在双缺失毒株rGS15-∆2的基础上分别缺失第323−364位(共208 aa)和第372−433位(共228 aa),拯救获得2株3个位点缺失毒株rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2。亲本毒株GS15产生典型细胞病变的时间一直在感染后48 h左右,而rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2产生典型细胞病变的时间是感染后72 h左右,比亲本病毒晚24 h。这表明成功拯救的缺失长片段氨基酸病毒,致细胞病变的时间延长。rGS15-∆3-1、rGS15-∆3-2在体外连续传代,病毒滴度增殖稳定分别为106.0 TCID50/mL,105.8 TCID50/mL,与亲本毒株GS15、rGS15-∆3-1、rGS15-∆3-2相比在Marc-145细胞上的增殖速度有所减慢,病毒滴度差异显著(P < 0.05)。另外,rGS15-∆3-1、rGS15-∆3-2生长曲线表明,这2株3个位点缺失毒株的复制能力明显低于亲本毒株,以上结果表明长片段氨基酸的缺失不仅影响病毒致细胞病变的能力,而且对病毒在体外的复制水平也有一定的影响。
拯救毒株rGS15-∆3-1、rGS15-∆3-2在Marc-145细胞上可以稳定连续传代,传至第5代出现典型的细胞病变。自第20代以后各代次间的病毒滴度也无明显差异。另外,拯救病毒rGS15-∆3-1、rGS15-∆3-2的缺失标记在不同代次中均稳定存在。PRRSV非结构蛋的功能主要表现在病毒RNA复制合成及宿主对病毒的免疫反应调控过程;而结构蛋白为成熟病毒粒子的构成成分,在病毒刺激宿主免疫反应过程中发挥重要作用[27]。分析拯救病毒的全基因组氨基酸的突变情况,发现rGS15-∆3-1传至第40代共有8个氨基酸发生突变,其中主要集中在第5代和第10代,共有7个氨基酸发生突变,而第20代和第40代仅有1个氨基酸发生突变;rGS15-∆3-2传至第40代共有5个氨基酸发生突变,主要也集中在第5代和第10代,共有4个氨基酸发生突变,而第20代和第40代也仅有1个氨基酸发生突变。拯救病毒的突变氨基酸主要分布于NSP1β、NSP2、GP5和N,其他区结构蛋白和非结构蛋白中未发现突变的核苷酸和氨基酸。由于结构蛋白的基因序列相对比较保守,所以氨基酸的突变主要发生在非结构蛋白[28]rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2在非结构蛋白NSP1突变氨基酸中W201N该位置氨基酸的突变影响半胱氨酸酶β的活性从而影响了PRRSV的基因组复制和转录;rGS15-∆3-1和rGS15-∆3-2在NSP2突变的氨基酸分别为L1194I、Q1201R、S1243C、P1251A、L1194F、Q1201P和P1251A,主要分布于中间高变区域中,以上氨基酸的突变可能对胰凝乳蛋白酶样半胱氨酸蛋白酶的切割效率造成影响,从而影响病毒的增殖或装配;GP4为次要结构蛋白,能够经二硫键与GP2和GP3形成异源三聚体,GP4为糖基化蛋白,有4个糖基化位点分别为第37位、第84位、第120位和第130位[29]rGS15-∆3-1在GP4第84位氨基酸发生突变,由N突变为T,该位点氨基酸的突变影响PRRSV毒力,同时也影响了病毒的复制。GP5、N蛋白是PRRSV的主要结构蛋白,在病毒对细胞的吸附和感染中发挥重要的作用[30]。GP5是膜基质蛋白,变异程度大,rGS15-∆3-1在GP5第13位氨基酸发生突变,均由R突变为K,研究表明GP5蛋白中第13位和第152位氨基酸与病毒毒力有关[31],R13和R152是强毒株的特征,但PRRSV的毒力是由多基因决定的,该位点氨基酸的突变也可能影响拯救病毒的致病力。N蛋白相对保守,在结构蛋白中占比最高,免疫原性最强,美洲型毒株N蛋白至少有5个抗原表位,4个是线性表位(30−52 aa、37−52 aa、69−l12 aa和112−123 aa),另一个是以52−69 aa和112−123 aa为中心的构象决定簇,其中4个线性表位在美洲毒株间是相对保守的[32]rGS15-∆3-2在N蛋白第26位氨基酸发生突变,由L突变为P,突变的氨基酸不在线性表位和构象决定簇上,该位置氨基酸的突变不影响病毒的免疫原性。rGS15-∆3-1在N蛋白第40位氨基酸发生突变,由G突变为A,这第40位突变的氨基酸位于线性表位β转角与无规则蜷曲的区域,该氨基酸的突变可能影响rGS15-∆3-1的免疫原性。以上非结构蛋白和结构蛋白氨基酸的突变影响了病毒在细胞上的复制和致病力,降低了病毒的复制效率和致病性,同时也影响了病毒的免疫原性。
理想的PRRSV疫苗应是具有DIVA功能的弱毒疫苗,本研究结果证明通过缺失多个抗原表位来开发新一代PRRSV DIVA疫苗的方法是可行的。同时制备配套的血清鉴别诊断试剂盒,用于疫苗免疫动物和野毒感染动物的鉴别诊断,从而有望净化根除猪场PRRS。
  • 国家生猪技术创新中心先导科技项目(NCTIP-XD/C03)
  • 甘肃省杰出青年基金(21JR7RA026)
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230723
  • 接收时间:2023-11-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-07-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-27
  • 录用日期:2024-02-27
基金
National Pig Technology Innovation Center Pilot Science and Technology Project(NCTIP-XD/C03)
国家生猪技术创新中心先导科技项目(NCTIP-XD/C03)
Distinguished Young Scholars Fund of Gansu Province(21JR7RA026)
甘肃省杰出青年基金(21JR7RA026)
作者信息
    1 甘肃农业大学动物医学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070
    2 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所/兰州大学动物医学与生物安全学院 动物疫病防控全国重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000
    3 甘肃省病原生物学基础学科研究中心, 甘肃 兰州 730046

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230723
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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