Article(id=1241379090062700606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241379085109219745, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1704211200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1712678400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-10, onlineDate=1773897438778, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1720022400000, pubDateStr=2024-07-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773897438778, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773897438778, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897438778, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241379085109219745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='7', pageStart='2151', pageEnd='2582', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773897437598, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897688675, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241380138257010733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241379085109219745, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241380138257010734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241379085109219745, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2522, endPage=2538, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241379090524074074, articleId=1241379090062700606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Effects of different patterns of tillage combined with straw returning on endophytic bacterial diversity in maize, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To reveal the composition and functions of endophytic bacterial communities in maize under different patterns of tillage combined with straw returning in the Tumochuan Plain, identify the endophytic bacterial resources that promote maize straw degradation under different patterns, and lay a foundation for the selective isolation, cultivation, and functional verification. [Methods] We employed Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing to compare the diversity and community structure of endophytes during the mature stage of maize under different patterns of tillage combined with straw returning in the continuous positioning experiment in the irrigation area of Tumochuan Plain, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. [Results] No tillage and deep tillage demonstrated significant effects on the endophytic bacterial diversity of maize. Tillage methods exerted stronger effects on the composition and structure of endophytic bacterial community than straw returning. The structures of endophytic bacterial communities in maize can be classified into two categories: no tillage combined with straw returning and the other seven patterns. The dominant endophytic bacterial genera shared by the nine patterns of tillage combined with straw returning werePseudomonas, unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae,Pantoea,Raoultella, andRahnella1. Straw returning increased the abundance ofRaoultella and unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae. [Conclusion] Different tillage practices alter the diversity, composition, and structure of endophytic bacterial community in maize. Straw returning can increase the relative abundance ofRaoultella andLactococcus, which have positive effects on the degradation of maize straw.

, correspAuthors=Julin GAO, Xiaofang YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*GAO Julin, E-mail:;
YU Xiaofang, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yujing LIU, Shengcai HAN, Julin GAO, Xiaofang YU, Ge'er QING, Shuping HU, Jiang'an GUO, Xiaoyu ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241379094244421922, articleId=1241379090062700606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=不同耕作方式结合秸秆还田对玉米内生细菌多样性的影响, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】研究土默川平原不同耕作方式与秸秆还田模式下玉米内生细菌群落组成及功能,揭示不同耕作与秸秆还田方式促进玉米秸秆降解的内生菌资源,并为其选择性分离培养及其功能验证奠定基础。【方法】以内蒙古自治区土默川平原灌区连作玉米茎秆为研究对象,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,分析不同耕作及其秸秆还田方式连年定位试验条件下,玉米成熟期内生微生物多样性及群落结构差异。【结果】综合分析表明,免耕及深翻对玉米内生细菌群落多样性影响显著。不同耕作方式对玉米内生细菌群落组成结构的影响大于秸秆还田,玉米内生细菌群落结构首先可分为2类,第一类是免耕及其秸秆还田,第二类是其他7种耕作方式。从属水平来看,9种耕作方式共有的优势菌群分别为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、肠杆菌科未分类属(unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae)、泛菌属(Pantoea)、拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)、拉恩氏菌属(Rahnella1),秸秆还田可增加拉乌尔菌属及肠杆菌科未分类属的丰度。【结论】不同耕作方式改变了玉米内生细菌多样性、群落组成和结构;秸秆还田处理能够增加玉米茎秆中对秸秆降解有积极作用的拉乌尔菌属及乳球菌属(Lactococcus)的相对丰度。

, correspAuthors=高聚林, 于晓芳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=e3sRqxjindiJxj41FicJPw==, magXml=sLRCoOs+YdVBc+14l99PdQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=UsKDQyj8QtwPBWLTUH/QAQ==, pdfFileSize=1917312, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=kkp2x+iWPPRPJonPeA+R9A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=rQ9ro4Q4q+Q9EnHNhtFMcg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Construction of recombinantLactococcus lactis with laccase secreting ability and its application in silage of corn stalk[D]. 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The red line in the figure represents the daily average temperature, while the blue line represents the daily average precipitation., figureFileSmall=EBOBqBljjZLCDHe1fs8XRw==, figureFileBig=1r3PryX1z+7mhmdnkbKJHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784932071178644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379090062700606, language=CN, label=图1, caption=试验地气象因子变化

图中红线为日平均气温,蓝线为日平均降水量

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A:各处理在主成分1 (PC1)和主成分2 (PC2)的共同作用下所呈现的分布格局. B:各处理仅受主成分1 (PC1)单一因素影响下的分布情况

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连接表示显著正负相关(筛选条件:Spearman的ρ > 0.8,P < 0.001);节点按门着色;每个节点代表属,大小与连接数(度)成正比

, figureFileSmall=6aU1pxyqpMgNkpjrw5ox8w==, figureFileBig=ZlnLUIGd0u9zMO3MpAewfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784933065228703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379090062700606, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Community analysis pie plot on genus level of endophytic bacteria in maize under returning and no returning treatments. A: Straw returning treatment. B: Straw leaving treatment., figureFileSmall=hnTfcHpHocWnrJPy8B3tJg==, figureFileBig=7mDiZSKbiQsoKjIg26SSPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784934533235104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379090062700606, language=CN, label=图7, caption=还田处理与不还田处理下玉米内生细菌属水平群落饼图

A:秸秆还田处理. B:秸秆不还田处理

, figureFileSmall=hnTfcHpHocWnrJPy8B3tJg==, figureFileBig=7mDiZSKbiQsoKjIg26SSPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784934633898401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379090062700606, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Community analysis pie plot on genus level of endophytic bacteria in maize under different cultivation methods and straw return treatments. A: The relative abundance proportion ofLactococcus in each treatment. B: The relative abundance proportion of unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae in each treatment. C: The relative abundance proportion ofRaoultella in each treatment., figureFileSmall=2t9IScD6cz02ckL1tohlrQ==, figureFileBig=u7WnCXoQug2Phj/JinmRVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784934709395874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379090062700606, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同耕作方式及其秸秆还田处理下玉米内生细菌属水平群落饼图

A:乳球菌属(Lactococcus)在各处理中相对丰度占比. B:Unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae在各处理中相对丰度占比. C:拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)在各处理中相对丰度占比

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A:第一层次通路注释热图. B:第二层次通路注释热图. C:第三层次通路注释热图

, figureFileSmall=V93l7FVdKePvibZN86Ka2w==, figureFileBig=c5o/w6VzzIN0a77rX9wRYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784935158186407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379090062700606, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of different cultivation measures on the diversity, abundance, and uniformity of endophytic bacteria in maize

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Tillage treatmentsShannon indexChao1 indexPielou index
Data in the table are means±SE values. Different lowercase letters mean significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05). DP: Deep ploughing; DPR: Deep ploughing with straw returning; NT: No-tillage; NTR: No-tillage with straw mulching; SC: Strip cultivations; SCR: Strip cultivation with straw returning; SS: Subsoiling; SSR: Subsoiling with straw returning; FR: Farm shallow rotary tillage.
DP3.89±0.51ab398.71±30.76a0.57±0.02ab
DPR2.73±0.95abc346.28±31.89a0.33±0.11bc
NT4.34±0.07a420.61±58.95a0.73±0.02a
NTR2.71±1.16abc452.57±11.50a0.45±0.19bc
SC1.79±0.13c305.26±34.11ab0.32±0.01bc
SCR1.52±0.01c272.77±65.57ab0.33±0.04bc
SS1.80±0.69c384.14±78.88a0.32±0.12c
SSR2.34±0.78bc409.60±109.48a0.35±0.05bc
FR1.32±0.19c192.88±21.07b0.27±0.03c
), ArticleFig(id=1241784935254655400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241379090062700606, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同耕作措施对玉米内生细菌多样性、丰富度、均匀度的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Tillage treatmentsShannon indexChao1 indexPielou index
Data in the table are means±SE values. Different lowercase letters mean significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05). DP: Deep ploughing; DPR: Deep ploughing with straw returning; NT: No-tillage; NTR: No-tillage with straw mulching; SC: Strip cultivations; SCR: Strip cultivation with straw returning; SS: Subsoiling; SSR: Subsoiling with straw returning; FR: Farm shallow rotary tillage.
DP3.89±0.51ab398.71±30.76a0.57±0.02ab
DPR2.73±0.95abc346.28±31.89a0.33±0.11bc
NT4.34±0.07a420.61±58.95a0.73±0.02a
NTR2.71±1.16abc452.57±11.50a0.45±0.19bc
SC1.79±0.13c305.26±34.11ab0.32±0.01bc
SCR1.52±0.01c272.77±65.57ab0.33±0.04bc
SS1.80±0.69c384.14±78.88a0.32±0.12c
SSR2.34±0.78bc409.60±109.48a0.35±0.05bc
FR1.32±0.19c192.88±21.07b0.27±0.03c
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不同耕作方式结合秸秆还田对玉米内生细菌多样性的影响
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刘雨静 1, # , 韩升才 1, 2, # , 高聚林 1, 2, * , 于晓芳 1, 2, * , 青格尔 1, 2 , 胡树平 1, 2, 3 , 郭江岸 1 , 赵晓宇 1
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(7): 2522-2538
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(7): 2522-2538
不同耕作方式结合秸秆还田对玉米内生细菌多样性的影响
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刘雨静1, #, 韩升才1, 2, #, 高聚林1, 2, * , 于晓芳1, 2, * , 青格尔1, 2, 胡树平1, 2, 3, 郭江岸1, 赵晓宇1
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古自治区作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010019
  • 2 玉米秸秆原位还田微生物内蒙古自治区工程研究中心, 内蒙古 包头 014100
  • 3 内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院, 内蒙古 包头 014100
Effects of different patterns of tillage combined with straw returning on endophytic bacterial diversity in maize
Yujing LIU1, Shengcai HAN1, 2, Julin GAO1, 2, * , Xiaofang YU1, 2, * , Ge'er QING1, 2, Shuping HU1, 2, 3, Jiang'an GUO1, Xiaoyu ZHAO1
Affiliations
  • 1 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Genetic Improvement, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
  • 2 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center for in situ Returning Microorganisms of Corn Straw, Baotou 014100, Inner Mongolia, China
  • 3 Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou 014100, Inner Mongolia, China
出版时间: 2024-07-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240003
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【目的】研究土默川平原不同耕作方式与秸秆还田模式下玉米内生细菌群落组成及功能,揭示不同耕作与秸秆还田方式促进玉米秸秆降解的内生菌资源,并为其选择性分离培养及其功能验证奠定基础。【方法】以内蒙古自治区土默川平原灌区连作玉米茎秆为研究对象,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,分析不同耕作及其秸秆还田方式连年定位试验条件下,玉米成熟期内生微生物多样性及群落结构差异。【结果】综合分析表明,免耕及深翻对玉米内生细菌群落多样性影响显著。不同耕作方式对玉米内生细菌群落组成结构的影响大于秸秆还田,玉米内生细菌群落结构首先可分为2类,第一类是免耕及其秸秆还田,第二类是其他7种耕作方式。从属水平来看,9种耕作方式共有的优势菌群分别为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、肠杆菌科未分类属(unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae)、泛菌属(Pantoea)、拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)、拉恩氏菌属(Rahnella1),秸秆还田可增加拉乌尔菌属及肠杆菌科未分类属的丰度。【结论】不同耕作方式改变了玉米内生细菌多样性、群落组成和结构;秸秆还田处理能够增加玉米茎秆中对秸秆降解有积极作用的拉乌尔菌属及乳球菌属(Lactococcus)的相对丰度。

耕作方式  /  内生菌  /  秸秆还田

[Objective] To reveal the composition and functions of endophytic bacterial communities in maize under different patterns of tillage combined with straw returning in the Tumochuan Plain, identify the endophytic bacterial resources that promote maize straw degradation under different patterns, and lay a foundation for the selective isolation, cultivation, and functional verification. [Methods] We employed Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing to compare the diversity and community structure of endophytes during the mature stage of maize under different patterns of tillage combined with straw returning in the continuous positioning experiment in the irrigation area of Tumochuan Plain, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. [Results] No tillage and deep tillage demonstrated significant effects on the endophytic bacterial diversity of maize. Tillage methods exerted stronger effects on the composition and structure of endophytic bacterial community than straw returning. The structures of endophytic bacterial communities in maize can be classified into two categories: no tillage combined with straw returning and the other seven patterns. The dominant endophytic bacterial genera shared by the nine patterns of tillage combined with straw returning werePseudomonas, unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae,Pantoea,Raoultella, andRahnella1. Straw returning increased the abundance ofRaoultella and unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae. [Conclusion] Different tillage practices alter the diversity, composition, and structure of endophytic bacterial community in maize. Straw returning can increase the relative abundance ofRaoultella andLactococcus, which have positive effects on the degradation of maize straw.

tillage practices  /  endophyte  /  straw returning
刘雨静, 韩升才, 高聚林, 于晓芳, 青格尔, 胡树平, 郭江岸, 赵晓宇. 不同耕作方式结合秸秆还田对玉米内生细菌多样性的影响. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (7) : 2522 -2538 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240003
Yujing LIU, Shengcai HAN, Julin GAO, Xiaofang YU, Ge'er QING, Shuping HU, Jiang'an GUO, Xiaoyu ZHAO. Effects of different patterns of tillage combined with straw returning on endophytic bacterial diversity in maize[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (7) : 2522 -2538 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240003
作物内生菌是指生存在作物内,不对作物产生病害症状的微生物类群[1]。作物光合作用合成的营养物质供内生菌繁殖发育,而内生菌的代谢产物又能够促进作物生长发育,提高作物的逆境胁迫应答能力[2-3]。研究发现,接种内生固氮菌施氏假单胞菌能显著促进水稻幼苗生长,促生效果优于单纯施用化肥[4]。Waqas等[5]发现内生真菌与植株形成共生关系,在盐胁迫下可显著增强植株对钾、钙、镁等元素的吸收,增强植株的抗逆能力。Bressan等[6]研究发现,从玉米植株分离的内生枯草芽孢杆菌能与玉米病原真菌串珠镰孢菌在玉米体内同一位点竞争生长,有效降低病原菌生长速度及其毒素的积累[7]。因此,内生菌对作物的生长发育具有重要的作用。
内生菌识别宿主植物并定殖于植物体内的过程受土壤理化性质的影响,通常情况下内生菌在高孔隙度土壤中植物体内的定殖效率更高[8];内生菌在高有机质含量土壤中植物体内的多样性更高,同种土壤类型中不同植物体内具有相似的内生菌群[9]。近年来,人们逐渐意识到耕地基础地力对作物生长发育、产量和品质的重要性,研发了诸多农田保护性耕作措施以促进作物生长、提升作物产量。邬小春等[10]研究认为,深松(subsoiling, SS)、条带旋耕显著降低土壤容重、土壤紧实度和土壤田间持水量,进而提高穗粒数、百粒重和玉米产量。鲁悦等[11]的研究发现免耕结合秸秆覆盖还田(no-tillage with straw mulching, NTR)可以显著提高玉米净光合速率、叶绿素含量、行粒数和籽粒产量。战秀梅等[12]研究发现深翻及其秸秆还田(deep ploughing with straw returning, DPR)改善了土壤理化性质,尤其增加了土壤中有机质、氮磷钾含量,从而促进春玉米产量提高。
本课题组前期研究表明,条深旋(strip cultivations, SC)、深松(subsoiling, SS)、深翻(deep ploughing, DP)、免耕(no-tillage, NT)、条深旋+秸秆还田(strip cultivation with straw returning, SCR)、深松+混拌秸秆还田(subsoiling with straw returning, SSR)、深翻+粉碎秸秆还田(deep ploughing with straw returning, DPR)、免耕+秸秆覆盖还田(NTR)等相对农户浅旋(farm shallow rotary tillage, FR),有效改善了土壤理化性质并提高了玉米产量,其中深翻+粉碎秸秆还田处理降低土壤容重9.73%与紧实度38.83%、增加孔隙度14.86%、提高各层土壤含水量16.35%、降低R值46.02%、增产8.93%[13];并且能提高土壤营养成分[14]。研究表明,不同的耕作措施及其秸秆还田会影响土壤的营养成分[15-16]及土壤微生物多样性[17]。因此,对“耕作方式与秸秆还田对玉米内生菌有何影响”这一问题,本研究以内蒙古自治区包头市土默特右旗连作玉米茎秆为研究对象,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,分析不同耕作方式连年定位试验条件下,玉米成熟期内生细菌多样性及群落结构差异,以期为促进玉米产量提高内生菌的筛选及功能验证指明方向。
试验于2021年在内蒙古农业大学玉米中心秸秆还田耕作措施定位试验田(内蒙古土默特右旗沟门镇北只图村,40°32′N,110°28′E)进行。该地区属半干旱中温带大陆性季风气候,年均气温6−8 ℃,年平均降水为398.8 mm,无霜期145 d,海拔1 015 m,年日照时间2 810 h,年活动积温为3 000–3 500 ℃。试验田为砂壤土,试验前茬为春玉米,未采取耕作措施前土壤基础肥力为有机质含量12.78 g/kg、碱解氮57.82 mg/kg、速效磷3.57 mg/kg、速效钾84.97 mg/kg。试验开始时耕层土壤容重1.57 g/cm³,紧实度3 846.92 kPa,含水量15.71%,孔隙度40.77%,有机质含量16.74 g/kg,碱解氮含量46.82 mg/kg,有效磷含量2.18 mg/kg,速效钾含量77.42 mg/kg。试验期间的气象因子如图1所示,2021年属平水年。
试验地自2018年起连年耕作。本研究采用大区设计,共设9个处理:对照农户浅旋(FR)、条深旋(SC)、深松(SS)、深翻(DP)、免耕(NT)、条深旋+秸秆还田(SCR)、深松+混拌秸秆还田(SSR)、深翻+粉碎秸秆还田(DPR)、免耕+秸秆覆盖还田(NTR)。各秸秆还田处理均为玉米秸秆全量还田(145 000 kg/hm2),每个处理0.08 hm2,重复3次,自2018年开始,实施还田处理的田地每年均执行秸秆还田操作;而对于未进行秸秆还田处理的田地,则始终保持秸秆离田的状态。对照农户浅旋(FR)始终未进行秸秆还田。供试玉米品种为先玉696,种植密度为8.25万株/hm2。各处理自2018年开始每年均施用尿素(N 46%) 300.0 kg N/hm2,过磷酸钙(P2O5 16%) 210.0 kg P2O5/hm2,硫酸钾(K2O 50%) 202.5 kg K2O/hm2。其中,N按3:7比例分别于玉米拔节期、大口期追施,P2O5和K2O作为基肥一次性施入,其他管理同当地大田。
采用“S”形取样法,采集9个不同处理下的玉米地上部第二茎节。对植物组织表面进行无菌化处理:用无菌水洗涤样本30 s,然后在70%的乙醇中浸泡2 min,再用2.5% NaClO (含0.1%吐温80)浸泡5 min后转移至70%乙醇浸泡30 s,最后使用无菌水洗涤植物组织3次,冲洗后的无菌水进行涂布检测。保存于−80 ℃冰箱备用。
利用PCR扩增单菌落的16S rRNA基因序列,引物对为799F (5′-AACMGGATTAGATACCCK G-3′)和1193R (5′-ACGTCATCCCCACCTTCC-3′)。PCR反应体系:5×TransStartFastPfu缓冲液4 μL,dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L) 2 μL,上、下游引物(5 μmol/L)各0.8 μL,TransStartFastPfu DNA聚合酶0.4 μL,模板DNA 10 ng,ddH2O补足至20 μL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性3 min;95 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸45 s,13个循环;72 ℃终延伸10 min。每个样本3个重复。使用NEXTflexTM Rapid DNA-Seq Kit (Bioo Scientific公司)进行建库,利用Illumina公司的MiSeq PE300平台进行测序(上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司)。原始数据NMDC40050693−NMDC40050719存储在国家微生物科学数据中心(national microbiology data center, NMDC,https://nmdc.cn)。
采用Mothur[18]软件(http://www.mothur.org/wiki/Calculators)计算α多样性,并采用SPSS Statistics 25.0进行α多样性的组间差异分析;使用基于Bray-Curtis距离算法的主坐标分析(principal co-ordinates analysis, PCoA)检验样本间微生物群落结构的相似性,并结合置换多因素方差分析(permutational MANOVA, Adonis)和相似性分析(analysis of similarities, ANOSIM)检测样本组间微生物群落结构差异是否显著;用Origin 2023b和Gephi-0.10.1作图。
不同耕作措施和秸秆还田处理下玉米内生细菌α多样性指数如表1所示,各处理之间的玉米内生细菌多样性指数、均匀度指数与丰富度指数存在较大差异。其中,Nt和DP处理下Shannon指数皆显著大于FR处理,分别增加2.30倍和1.95倍,而且彼此之间Shannon多样性未见差异。Chao1指数中NT、NTR、SS、SSR、DP、DPR分别较FR增加1.18、1.35、0.99、1.12、1.07、0.80倍。Pielou指数也表现为NT、DP显著大于FR处理,分别增加了1.66倍和1.08倍。说明NT、NTR、SS、SSR、DP、DPR处理均可提高玉米内生细菌丰富度,而且NT、DP处理可提高玉米内生细菌多样性与均匀度。
对不同耕作方式下玉米内生细菌进行基于Bray-Curtis距离算法的PCoA、Adonis和ANOSIM结果如图2A所示,其中第1主坐标解释77.93%的群落差异,第2主坐标解释16.92%的群落差异,累计解释变量达到94.85%。如图2B所示,在PC1上NT、NTR均与FR的细菌群落之间存在明显的分离。Adonis分析结果表明不同耕作方式对玉米内生细菌群落组成有极显著影响(P < 0.01)。在NT、NTR处理下的玉米内生细菌群落与其他耕作方式的细菌群落之间存在明显的分离,说明免耕、免耕秸秆覆盖还田处理对玉米内生细菌群落组成有显著影响。
图3所示,9种耕作方式的内生细菌群落多样性有很大差异,根据聚类结果可知较秸秆还田而言,耕作方式对其影响较大。不同耕作方式下玉米内生细菌群落属水平相对丰度层级聚类首先分为免耕和非免耕两大类,其次又将深翻及深翻秸秆还田较其他处理区分开,这与主坐标分析的结果相验证。进一步分析不同处理下玉米内生细菌属的相对丰度可得,9种耕作方式下,玉米内生细菌主要群落结构组成为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、肠杆菌科未分类属(unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae)、泛菌属(Pantoea)、拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)、拉恩氏菌属(Rahnella1)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)。各菌属在各处理中相对丰度存在差异,DP处理中主要菌属为拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)和泛菌属(Pantoea),相对丰度分别为16.15%和16.12%;DPR处理的主要菌属为拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)和肠杆菌科未分类属(unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae),相对丰度分别为29.91%和23.30%;在NT和NTR处理中主要菌属均为乳球菌属(Lactococcus),其丰度占比分别为14.58%和62.75%;在SC和SCR处理中拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)拥有最大的相对丰度,分别为55.78%和61.93%;SS处理的主要菌属拉恩氏菌属(Rahnella1),相对丰度为50.05%,SSR处理中泛菌属(Pantoea)相对丰度为40.17%。
其中9种耕作方式属分类水平共有的玉米内生细菌共91个,占总菌属的10.90%;NT处理独有的内生菌种类最多,有50种,占总菌属的5.99%;NTR、DP、DPR、SS、SSR和SC处理独有的内生菌属均比FR多,分别为30、41、34、23、16和19种,SCR和FR处理最少,仅均为8种,各占总菌属的0.96%。各处理独有菌属具体表现为NT > DP > DPR > NTR > SS > SC > SSR > SCR > FR (图4)。这也基本与各处理下的玉米内生细菌多样性指数一致。在不同耕作方式及其秸秆还田共有的91个属中,丰度排名前五的分别为拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)、泛菌属(Pantoea)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、肠杆菌科未分类属(unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae)和拉恩氏菌属(Rahnella1),占比分别为31.31%、13.91%、10.38%、8.38%和8.36% (图5)。
从各处理的关键菌属来看,DP、DPR处理的第1关键菌属均为拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella),第2关键菌属分别为肠杆菌科未分类属(unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae)和棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium);SC的第1关键菌属为土芽孢杆菌属(Geobacillus),SCR处理的第1、2关键菌属分别为泛菌属(Pantoea)和土芽孢杆菌属(Geobacillus);NT和NTR处理的关键菌属均为泛菌属(Pantoea)和乳球菌属(Lactococcus);SS处理的关键菌属分别为嗜盐单胞菌属(Halomonas),SSR处理的第1、2关键菌属分别为异根瘤菌属(Allorhizobium)和分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium);FR处理的第1、2关键菌属分别为拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)和泛菌属(Pantoea) (图6)。由此可知,不同耕作方式的关键菌属有很大差异。
图7所示,相对丰度排名前五的菌属为拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)、泛菌属(Pantoea)、肠杆菌科未分类属(unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)和拉恩氏菌属(Rahnella1),在还田与不还田处理中均存在;在秸秆还田处理中其占比分别是27.28%、16.10%、12.65%、16.49%和2.97% (图7A);在秸秆不还田处理中其占比为25.93%、15.12%、4.36%、4.29%、12.44% (图7B)。与不还田处理相比较,秸秆还田处理增加了拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)、泛菌属(Pantoea)、肠杆菌科未分类属(unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae)和乳球菌属(Lactococcus)的相对丰度,分别增加1.35%、1.37%、3.66%和8.36%。对其进一步分析发现,拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)、肠杆菌科未分类属(unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae)的丰度在DP、SS、SC模式下秸秆还田均能提高其相对丰度,分别提高6.3%、6.9%、2.8%,32.2%、8.3%、13.7%;乳球菌属(Lactococcus)主要分布在NT和NTR处理下,NTR比NT提高了59.5% (图8)。通过线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis effect size, LEfSe) (LDA阈值为2)发现,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、气球菌属(Aerococcus)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)和产碱菌属(Alcaligenes)在DP处理显著富集,黄单藻科未分类菌属(unclassified_f__Xanthomonadaceae)在DPR处理显著富集,未分类菌属SC-I-84 (unclassified_ f__SC-I-84)、金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、代尔夫特菌属(Delftia)、梭状芽孢杆菌(Clostridium_sensu stricto_1)、乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和黄杆菌科未分类菌属(unclassified_f__Flavobacteriaceae)在NT处理显著富集,乳球菌属(Lactococcus)在NTR处理显著富集,变形菌门未分类菌属(unclassified_p__Proteobacteria)在SC处理显著富集,拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)在SCR处理显著富集,泛菌属(Pantoea)在SSR处理显著富集,变形菌纲未分类菌属(unclassified_ c__Gammaproteobacteria)和鞘氨醇杆菌属(Sphingobacterium)在FR处理显著富集(图9)。
图10所示,在第一层次的通路中,注释到新陈代谢(metabolism)通路的数量最多,其中NTR处理最少,有136 497 277.4条,NT处理最多,有409 314 007.52条;其次是环境信息处理(environmental information processing)、遗传信息处理(genetic information processing)、细胞过程(cellular processes)、人类疾病(human diseases)、有机系统(organismal systems) (图10A)。在新陈代谢通路中的第二层水平中,全局和总览图(global and overview maps)、碳水化合物代谢(carbohydrate metabolism)、氨基酸代谢(amino acid metabolism)是被注释最多的途径(图10B)。在全局和总览图通路中的第三层水平中,代谢途径(metabolism pathways)、次生代谢产物的生物合成(biosynthesis of secondary metabolites)、不同环境中的微生物代谢(microbial metabolism in diverse environments),是被注释最多的途径(图10C)。KEGG数据库的注释发现,玉米内生细菌可能通过氨基酸和碳水化合物代谢途径影响玉米的生长发育。
不同耕作措施及其秸秆还田对玉米茎秆内生细菌多样性影响不同。与其他耕作措施相比,免耕及深翻处理显著提高了玉米内生菌的多样性,这与前人研究的免耕和深翻会影响土壤微生物多样性的结论相印证[19-22]。Gadhave等[23]研究发现,土壤中不同的微生物会对植株内生菌的多样性和均匀度产生不同的影响。与对照相比,免耕不扰动土层不破坏微生物的种群结构,为微生物提供了更稳定的栖息环境[24]。与常规耕作相比,深翻处理的微生物多样性也显著提高,其原因可能是深翻打破了犁底层,改善了土壤结构,影响土壤养分积累,为微生物的生长繁殖提供了更适宜的土壤环境[25-26]
不同的耕作方式通过改变土壤结构,对作物的生长发育和土壤微生物群落产生影响。同时,这些耕作措施也必然会影响作物内部的微生物群落结构和多样性。本研究在9种不同耕作方式的样本中检测到的优势菌群为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、肠杆菌科未分类属(unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae)、泛菌属(Pantoea)、拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)、拉恩氏菌属(Rahnella1)。与之前报道中玉米的内生优势菌群的结果相类似[27-32]。假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)通过促进磷酸盐和铁的溶解、固氮、产生植物激素的方法促进植物生长,增强非生物胁迫耐受性[33-35]。肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)可以产生吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)[36],并且在缺磷水培条件下通过自身或溶解无机磷酸盐改善玉米的生长和磷获取[37]。泛菌属(Pantoea)可以促进磷酸盐溶解并促进有机酸和IAA产生[38]。拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)可以促进根瘤菌生长[39],溶解多种不溶性磷,并与磷循环的功能途径一起促进磷组分的转化和玉米的发育[40]。拉恩氏菌属(Rahnella1)能够分泌IAA直接促进玉米生长,并分泌植酸酶间接促进玉米生长[41]
在DP、SS、SC模式下秸秆还田增加拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)、肠杆菌科未分类属(unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae)的相对丰度,这种现象可能是由于秸秆中含有丰富的碳源和其他营养物质[42],为本就广泛存在于土壤中的拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)和肠杆菌科未分类属(unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae)提供了生长和繁殖的良好条件。拉乌尔菌属能够分泌多种酶,协同作用下降解复杂的有机物质,如纤维素、半纤维素和木质素[42];肠杆菌科未分类属(unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae)可能与肠杆菌属一样生产大量漆酶[43],对木质素有高效的降解作用,这些有机物均是秸秆中的主要成分。在DP、NT耕作模式下秸秆还田增加乳球菌属(Lactococcus)的相对丰度。乳球菌属中的一些菌种可以促进秸秆降解。例如,乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)可以通过产生纤维素酶来分解秸秆中的纤维素,降低环境中的pH值,从而促进秸秆的降解[44]
玉米内微生物的序列在KEGG数据库中大多被注释到了新陈代谢的通路中,由此推断玉米内生微生物可能通过自身氨基酸和碳水化合物代谢途径影响玉米的新陈代谢,从而影响玉米的生长与发育。该结果与先前通过传统分离培养后进行功能验证所得的微生物促进植物生长的结果呈现出一致性[45]。在今后的深入研究中,将碳元素循环、氮元素循环在KEGG中第三、四层水平进行关键基因分析,并结合传统分离法筛选有效的菌株,将内生细菌进行单一接种与混合接种,对研究内生细菌的功能是必要的。
采用减少土壤扰动、深度松动土壤的耕作方式,均能够显著增加玉米内生细菌的多样性和丰富度。不同耕作方式下的玉米内生细菌核心菌群是假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、肠杆菌科未分类属(unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae)、泛菌属(Pantoea)、拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)和拉恩氏菌属(Rahnella1)。连年秸秆还田影响玉米内生细菌组成,深翻秸秆还田增加拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)的相对丰度,免耕秸秆还田增加乳球菌属(Lactococcus)的相对丰度。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301801)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32060434)
  • 国家自然科学基金(31960381)
  • 内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(BR22-11-07)
  • 内蒙古自治区科技计划(2023KYPT0023)
  • 内蒙古自治区高等学校碳达峰碳中和研究专项(STZX202304)
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2024年第64卷第7期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240003
  • 接收时间:2024-01-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-07-04
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-03
  • 录用日期:2024-04-10
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2301801)
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301801)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060434)
国家自然科学基金(32060434)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960381)
国家自然科学基金(31960381)
Basic Research Funds Program for University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(BR22-11-07)
内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(BR22-11-07)
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Plan(2023KYPT0023)
内蒙古自治区科技计划(2023KYPT0023)
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Higher Education Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Research Project(STZX202304)
内蒙古自治区高等学校碳达峰碳中和研究专项(STZX202304)
作者信息
    1 内蒙古自治区作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010019
    2 玉米秸秆原位还田微生物内蒙古自治区工程研究中心, 内蒙古 包头 014100
    3 内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院, 内蒙古 包头 014100

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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