Article(id=1241377727618544324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241377719049572379, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230788, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1703088000000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1710950400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-03-21, onlineDate=1773897113947, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1717430400000, pubDateStr=2024-06-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773897113947, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773897113947, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897113947, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241377719049572379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='6', pageStart='1691', pageEnd='2143', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773897111904, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897665313, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241380040286458828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241377719049572379, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241380040286458829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241377719049572379, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1735, endPage=1746, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241377727958282962, articleId=1241377727618544324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Distribution characteristics and environmental responses of anammox bacteria in groundwater of red soil areas, columnId=1241377720337223717, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Soil Microbiome Involved in Element Cycling, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To further understand the community structure, distribution, and ecological function differentiation mechanism of anammox bacteria in the groundwater of red soil areas. [Methods] We employed physical and chemical tests and high-throughput sequencing to study the microbial community structure, distribution of anammox bacteria, and their influencing factors in the groundwater of Ji'an. [Results] The nitrogen content exceeded the limit at three sites among the 11 groundwater sampling sites, with an over-limit rate of 27.3%. The water quality of only two sites met the requirements of the Standard for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749—2022), which indicated an over-limit rate of 81.8%. Anammox bacteria presented wide distribution in groundwater, and the abundance ofhzsB gene in the 11 samples ranged from 3.67×104 copies/g to 6.62×108 copies/g. Compared with other habitats, the groundwater in red soil areas showed increased copy number of functional genes of anammox bacteria, which indicated that the environmental characteristics of groundwater were more suitable for the growth and metabolism of anammox bacteria. Four genera of anammox bacteria were detected at each site. Specifically,Candidatus Brocadia,Candidatus Scalindua,Candidatus Jettenia, andCandidatus Kuenenia showed the average abundance of 62.47%, 17.44%, 14.41%, and 5.67%, respectively. The correlation analysis suggested that the gene abundance of anammox bacteria was significantly correlated with ammonia nitrogen, manganese, and chloride, which indicated that the increases in ammonia nitrogen, manganese, and chloride in groundwater may enhance the activity and abundance of anammox bacteria. [Conclusion] The results of this study highlight the importance of anammox bacteria in the geochemical and biological cycling of elements in the groundwater of red soil areas, which will provide basic data for the bioremediation of groundwater pollution in the red soil areas of China.

, correspAuthors=Fengxiang LANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*LANG Fengxiang, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan MAO, Fengxiang LANG, Jie ZHANG, Lei BAN, Peng XU, Yingjie XIAO, Wu ZOU, Xiaoyan ZOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241377730722329380, articleId=1241377727618544324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=红壤地下水厌氧氨氧化菌分布特征及环境响应, columnId=1241377720484024369, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=土壤微生物与元素循环, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】进一步了解红壤区地下水中厌氧氨氧化菌群落结构分布规律及其生态功能差异化机制。【方法】以酸性红壤地下水为研究对象,结合理化指标和微生物高通量测序技术,研究吉安市地下水中微生物群落结构和厌氧氨氧化菌的分布规律及其影响因子。【结果】11个地下水研究点中,氮含量超标点位有3个,超标率达27.3%;仅有2个站点的水质符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2022)要求,超标率达81.8%。地下水中厌氧氨氧化菌广泛存在,11个样品的厌氧氨氧化细菌hzsB基因拷贝数在3.67×104−6.62×108 copies/g,与其他生态系统相比,红壤地下水厌氧氨氧化菌功能基因拷贝数更高,说明地下水环境特性更适合厌氧氨氧化细菌生长代谢。每个点位均检测出厌氧氨氧化菌的4个属:Candidatus Brocadia为优势菌属,平均丰度值为62.47%,Candidatus Scalindua平均丰度值为17.44%,Candidatus Jettenia平均丰度值为14.41%,Candidatus Kuenenia平均丰度值为5.67%。相关性分析表明,厌氧氨氧化菌基因丰度与氨氮、锰、氯化物相关性显著,可见地下水中氨氮、锰、氯化物含量的升高可能会增强厌氧氨氧化菌的活性及丰度。【结论】本研究结果突出了厌氧氨氧化菌对红壤地下水元素地球化学生物循环的重要价值,可为我国红壤区地下水污染的生物防治技术的研究提供基础资料。

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Beijing: China Standards Press, 2022 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241445043643413386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=60, issue=9, pageStart=1972, pageEnd=1984, url=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/article/abstract/20200915?st=search, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=微生物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=祝贵兵.陆地和淡水生态系统新型微生物氮循环研究进展[J].微生物学报,2020,60(9):1972-1984., articleTitle=陆地和淡水生态系统新型微生物氮循环研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241445043773436817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=60, issue=9, pageStart=1972, pageEnd=1984, url=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/article/abstract/20200915?st=search, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, 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pageStart=1609, pageEnd=1615, url=https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJXX201108009.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=环境科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=沈李东, 胡宝兰, 郑平, 钱轶超, 陈婷婷, 胡安辉, 楼莉萍.西湖底泥中厌氧氨氧化菌的分子生物学检测[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(8):1609-1615., articleTitle=西湖底泥中厌氧氨氧化菌的分子生物学检测, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241445044603909042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=31, issue=8, pageStart=1609, pageEnd=1615, url=https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJXX201108009.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHEN LD, HU BL, ZHENG P, QIAN YC, CHEN TT, HU AH, LOU LP.Molecular detection of anammox bacteria in the sediment of West Lake, Hangzhou[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(8):1609-1615 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Molecular detection of anammox bacteria in the sediment of West Lake, Hangzhou, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241445044725543865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=59, issue=6, pageStart=1143, pageEnd=1155, url=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/article/abstract/20190615?st=search, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=微生物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=洪义国, 黄天政, 李益本, 吴佳鹏, 焦黎静, 崔明超.基于数据库分析不同类型生境中厌氧氨氧化细菌的多样性分布特征[J].微生物学报,2019,59(6):1143-1155., articleTitle=基于数据库分析不同类型生境中厌氧氨氧化细菌的多样性分布特征, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241445044809429950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=59, issue=6, pageStart=1143, pageEnd=1155, url=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/article/abstract/20190615?st=search, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HONG YG, HUANG TZ, LI YB, WU JP, JIAO LJ, CUI MC.Community structure and distribution of anammox bacteria in different habitat[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2019,59(6):1143-1155 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Community structure and distribution of anammox bacteria in different habitat, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241445044918481859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=26, issue=5, pageStart=1034, pageEnd=1039, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG XL, GAO DW, PENG S, TAO Y.Effects of ferrous and manganese ions on anammox process in sequencing batch biofilm reactors[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445031354102257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of groundwater stations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Serial numberSample IDEast longitudeLatitude of northType of groundwaterWellhead surface elevation (m)Depth of well (m)
1JF114.983 0°27.117 0°Pore water74.44614.80
2TY115.046 4°27.131 5°Pore water55.2959.00
3QNXX114.962 5°27.200 6°Pore water59.4097.95
4ZX115.113 4°26.975 2°Pore water55.69714.45
5YX114.246 0°26.956 9°Pore water112.58713.70
6SC114.514 0°26.324 0°Pore water105.1316.99
7YF115.085 0°27.331 0°Pore water70.86013.70
8CP114.230 7°26.497 0°Split water568.754100.00
9TH114.886 4°26.796 9°Pore water60.84120.80
10XX114.551 0°26.453 0°Pore water61.01912.50
11BQ115.150 0°27.550 0°Pore water42.29813.58
), ArticleFig(id=1241445031429599739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

地下水站点基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Serial numberSample IDEast longitudeLatitude of northType of groundwaterWellhead surface elevation (m)Depth of well (m)
1JF114.983 0°27.117 0°Pore water74.44614.80
2TY115.046 4°27.131 5°Pore water55.2959.00
3QNXX114.962 5°27.200 6°Pore water59.4097.95
4ZX115.113 4°26.975 2°Pore water55.69714.45
5YX114.246 0°26.956 9°Pore water112.58713.70
6SC114.514 0°26.324 0°Pore water105.1316.99
7YF115.085 0°27.331 0°Pore water70.86013.70
8CP114.230 7°26.497 0°Split water568.754100.00
9TH114.886 4°26.796 9°Pore water60.84120.80
10XX114.551 0°26.453 0°Pore water61.01912.50
11BQ115.150 0°27.550 0°Pore water42.29813.58
), ArticleFig(id=1241445031576400391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Test results of physical and chemical indexes of groundwater in Ji'an City

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsJFTYQNXXZXYXSCYFCPTHXXBQ
ND: Not detected.
pH5.56.36.96.76.85.86.26.87.05.96.3
EC (µS/cm)370539518772524221196315753273228
CODMn (mg/L)1.00.60.81.10.9ND0.8NDNDNDND
NH4+-N (mg/L)0.2450.088ND5.173NDNDNDND0.031NDND
NO2-N (mg/L)NDNDNDND0.143NDNDND0.123NDND
NO3-N (mg/L)12.58411.9243.7580.2037.1547.4731.5251.0606.4995.6335.740
Zn (mg/L)0.025 80.008 90.000 70.004 10.002 10.005 50.006 20.000 90.024 10.124 40.013 1
Fe (mg/L)0.0160.0120.0190.0150.0080.0350.0430.0070.0140.0250.001
Mn (mg/L)0.1790.1500.1041.4230.0650.0400.2460.0080.1330.0190.033
Al (mg/L)NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
F (mg/L)0.110.170.250.130.180.050.070.130.240.070.12
Cl (mg/L)25.0867.4919.8754.9024.2621.7815.502.0617.6226.119.17
SO42− (mg/L)45.8111.8729.6037.3444.195.247.089.6627.3919.519.10
), ArticleFig(id=1241445033107321360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

吉安市地下水理化指标测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsJFTYQNXXZXYXSCYFCPTHXXBQ
ND: Not detected.
pH5.56.36.96.76.85.86.26.87.05.96.3
EC (µS/cm)370539518772524221196315753273228
CODMn (mg/L)1.00.60.81.10.9ND0.8NDNDNDND
NH4+-N (mg/L)0.2450.088ND5.173NDNDNDND0.031NDND
NO2-N (mg/L)NDNDNDND0.143NDNDND0.123NDND
NO3-N (mg/L)12.58411.9243.7580.2037.1547.4731.5251.0606.4995.6335.740
Zn (mg/L)0.025 80.008 90.000 70.004 10.002 10.005 50.006 20.000 90.024 10.124 40.013 1
Fe (mg/L)0.0160.0120.0190.0150.0080.0350.0430.0070.0140.0250.001
Mn (mg/L)0.1790.1500.1041.4230.0650.0400.2460.0080.1330.0190.033
Al (mg/L)NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
F (mg/L)0.110.170.250.130.180.050.070.130.240.070.12
Cl (mg/L)25.0867.4919.8754.9024.2621.7815.502.0617.6226.119.17
SO42− (mg/L)45.8111.8729.6037.3444.195.247.089.6627.3919.519.10
), ArticleFig(id=1241445033258316322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

High-throughput sequencing data and alpha diversity index of groundwater in Ji'an City

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample IDSequence numberOTU numberShannon indexChaol indexCoverageSimpson index
JF72 9162 4306.172 430.50.990 90.101
TY71 9362 1635.402 163.50.991 50.120
QNXX77 1953 4216.713 421.30.990 00.060
ZX74 1132 7856.402 785.40.990 70.069
YX82 7361 2785.411 279.10.995 20.052
SC65 2201 5814.951 581.90.992 30.133
YF78 4092 1216.162 121.80.992 70.058
CP76 3982 4185.172 418.40.993 30.202
TH85 9051 0004.111 001.10.996 20.146
XX77 9971 7665.921 766.60.994 50.072
BQ76 7292 7697.262 769.50.992 80.034
), ArticleFig(id=1241445033388339753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

吉安市地下水高通量测序数据、α多样性指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample IDSequence numberOTU numberShannon indexChaol indexCoverageSimpson index
JF72 9162 4306.172 430.50.990 90.101
TY71 9362 1635.402 163.50.991 50.120
QNXX77 1953 4216.713 421.30.990 00.060
ZX74 1132 7856.402 785.40.990 70.069
YX82 7361 2785.411 279.10.995 20.052
SC65 2201 5814.951 581.90.992 30.133
YF78 4092 1216.162 121.80.992 70.058
CP76 3982 4185.172 418.40.993 30.202
TH85 9051 0004.111 001.10.996 20.146
XX77 9971 7665.921 766.60.994 50.072
BQ76 7292 7697.262 769.50.992 80.034
), ArticleFig(id=1241445033551917620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Species composition and structure of groundwater in Ji'an city

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample IDPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenus
JF51104193239364
TY4893176210301
QNXX56110215254325
ZX60104203218311
YX4987173190260
SC4586166214304
YF56108199225310
CP52100195237358
TH4478123162202
XX50100174204253
BQ53110208227317
), ArticleFig(id=1241445033757438527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

吉安市地下水物种组成结构

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample IDPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenus
JF51104193239364
TY4893176210301
QNXX56110215254325
ZX60104203218311
YX4987173190260
SC4586166214304
YF56108199225310
CP52100195237358
TH4478123162202
XX50100174204253
BQ53110208227317
), ArticleFig(id=1241445033874879045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Correlation analysis between abundance of anammox bacteria and environmental factors (n=11)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ParameterpHNH4+-NTNCODMnMnZnFClNO3-NSO42−
*:P < 0.05; **:P < 0.01.
r0.0490.908**0.0920.4080.982**−0.0800.3240.666*−0.2560.182
P0.8870.0000.7890.2130.0000.8150.3310.0250.4470.592
), ArticleFig(id=1241445033979736654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377727618544324, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

厌氨氧化菌基因丰度与环境因子的相关性分析(n=11)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ParameterpHNH4+-NTNCODMnMnZnFClNO3-NSO42−
*:P < 0.05; **:P < 0.01.
r0.0490.908**0.0920.4080.982**−0.0800.3240.666*−0.2560.182
P0.8870.0000.7890.2130.0000.8150.3310.0250.4470.592
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红壤地下水厌氧氨氧化菌分布特征及环境响应
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毛艳 1, 2 , 郎锋祥 1, 2, * , 张洁 2, 3 , 班磊 1, 2 , 徐鹏 1, 2 , 肖莹洁 1, 2 , 邹武 1, 2 , 邹晓焰 1, 2
微生物学报 | 土壤微生物与元素循环 2024,64(6): 1735-1746
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微生物学报 | 土壤微生物与元素循环 2024, 64(6): 1735-1746
红壤地下水厌氧氨氧化菌分布特征及环境响应
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毛艳1, 2, 郎锋祥1, 2, * , 张洁2, 3, 班磊1, 2, 徐鹏1, 2, 肖莹洁1, 2, 邹武1, 2, 邹晓焰1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 赣江中游水文水资源监测中心, 江西 吉安 343000
  • 2 鄱阳湖水文生态监测研究重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330000
  • 3 修河水文水资源监测中心, 江西 九江 332000
Distribution characteristics and environmental responses of anammox bacteria in groundwater of red soil areas
Yan MAO1, 2, Fengxiang LANG1, 2, * , Jie ZHANG2, 3, Lei BAN1, 2, Peng XU1, 2, Yingjie XIAO1, 2, Wu ZOU1, 2, Xiaoyan ZOU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Hydrology and Water Resources Monitoring Center of the Middle Reaches of Ganjiang River, Ji'an 343000, Jiangxi, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Hydrology and Ecology Monitoring and Research, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China
  • 3 Hydrology and Water Resources Monitoring Center of the Middle Reaches of Xiuhe River, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
出版时间: 2024-06-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230788
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【目的】进一步了解红壤区地下水中厌氧氨氧化菌群落结构分布规律及其生态功能差异化机制。【方法】以酸性红壤地下水为研究对象,结合理化指标和微生物高通量测序技术,研究吉安市地下水中微生物群落结构和厌氧氨氧化菌的分布规律及其影响因子。【结果】11个地下水研究点中,氮含量超标点位有3个,超标率达27.3%;仅有2个站点的水质符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2022)要求,超标率达81.8%。地下水中厌氧氨氧化菌广泛存在,11个样品的厌氧氨氧化细菌hzsB基因拷贝数在3.67×104−6.62×108 copies/g,与其他生态系统相比,红壤地下水厌氧氨氧化菌功能基因拷贝数更高,说明地下水环境特性更适合厌氧氨氧化细菌生长代谢。每个点位均检测出厌氧氨氧化菌的4个属:Candidatus Brocadia为优势菌属,平均丰度值为62.47%,Candidatus Scalindua平均丰度值为17.44%,Candidatus Jettenia平均丰度值为14.41%,Candidatus Kuenenia平均丰度值为5.67%。相关性分析表明,厌氧氨氧化菌基因丰度与氨氮、锰、氯化物相关性显著,可见地下水中氨氮、锰、氯化物含量的升高可能会增强厌氧氨氧化菌的活性及丰度。【结论】本研究结果突出了厌氧氨氧化菌对红壤地下水元素地球化学生物循环的重要价值,可为我国红壤区地下水污染的生物防治技术的研究提供基础资料。

红壤地下水  /  微生物多样性  /  氮分布  /  厌氧氨氧化菌  /  高通量测序

[Objective] To further understand the community structure, distribution, and ecological function differentiation mechanism of anammox bacteria in the groundwater of red soil areas. [Methods] We employed physical and chemical tests and high-throughput sequencing to study the microbial community structure, distribution of anammox bacteria, and their influencing factors in the groundwater of Ji'an. [Results] The nitrogen content exceeded the limit at three sites among the 11 groundwater sampling sites, with an over-limit rate of 27.3%. The water quality of only two sites met the requirements of the Standard for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749—2022), which indicated an over-limit rate of 81.8%. Anammox bacteria presented wide distribution in groundwater, and the abundance ofhzsB gene in the 11 samples ranged from 3.67×104 copies/g to 6.62×108 copies/g. Compared with other habitats, the groundwater in red soil areas showed increased copy number of functional genes of anammox bacteria, which indicated that the environmental characteristics of groundwater were more suitable for the growth and metabolism of anammox bacteria. Four genera of anammox bacteria were detected at each site. Specifically,Candidatus Brocadia,Candidatus Scalindua,Candidatus Jettenia, andCandidatus Kuenenia showed the average abundance of 62.47%, 17.44%, 14.41%, and 5.67%, respectively. The correlation analysis suggested that the gene abundance of anammox bacteria was significantly correlated with ammonia nitrogen, manganese, and chloride, which indicated that the increases in ammonia nitrogen, manganese, and chloride in groundwater may enhance the activity and abundance of anammox bacteria. [Conclusion] The results of this study highlight the importance of anammox bacteria in the geochemical and biological cycling of elements in the groundwater of red soil areas, which will provide basic data for the bioremediation of groundwater pollution in the red soil areas of China.

groundwater of red soil areas  /  microbial diversity  /  distribution of nitrogen  /  anammox bacteria  /  high-throughput sequencing
毛艳, 郎锋祥, 张洁, 班磊, 徐鹏, 肖莹洁, 邹武, 邹晓焰. 红壤地下水厌氧氨氧化菌分布特征及环境响应. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (6) : 1735 -1746 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230788
Yan MAO, Fengxiang LANG, Jie ZHANG, Lei BAN, Peng XU, Yingjie XIAO, Wu ZOU, Xiaoyan ZOU. Distribution characteristics and environmental responses of anammox bacteria in groundwater of red soil areas[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (6) : 1735 -1746 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230788
氮素是维持生命体征正常生长的基本元素,但现代工农业发展将大量的含氮化合物带入环境,红壤区地下水氮含量呈上升趋势[1]。地下水环境中,氮素主要以离子态的氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐形式存在,即常称为的“三氮”,“三氮”污染会引起地下水水质下降、适用性降低,破坏水-岩平衡,还会以直接或间接的方式危害人体健康[2-5]。目前,江西省仍有相当比例的人口直接以地下水为饮用水源,大多分布于广大的农村地区。红壤地区农村地下水“三氮”污染对当地村民的身体健康产生威胁。微生物降解一直被认为是氮素去除的主要途径,传统微生物降解主要由硝化和反硝化过程实现[6]。厌氧氨氧化是近年来氮循环研究的重大发现[7-8]。厌氧氨氧化是指厌氧氨氧化菌在厌氧环境中以氨氮为电子供体、亚硝态氮为电子受体生成氮气的过程[9]。厌氧氨氧化菌为自养型厌氧菌,该菌生长缓慢,至今未能通过传统的微生物分离培养方法实现纯培养[10]。应用分子生物学技术,则可克服传统微生物生态学研究的局限性,最大限度获取微生物的遗传信息,从而全面地分析样品的微生物多样性。Fu等[11]通过16S rRNA基因测序技术研究珠江口表层沉积物中厌氧氨氧化菌群落结构,发现厌氧氨氧化菌的种类、分布与上覆水的盐度、温度、pH值、碳氮比(C/N)等环境因素密切相关。Qin等[12]通过荧光定量PCR检测hzsB基因的丰度,发现在富营养化湖水的不同位点,厌氧氨氧化菌的丰度及群落结构也不同。前期的研究表明,厌氧氨氧化菌在自然生态环境中广泛存在[1,13-14]。由于科学认知等原因,研究对象主要集中于人工培养反应器、海洋、湿地、土壤、地表水等领域,识别和研究酸性红壤区地下水生境中厌氧氨氧化菌多样性分布的研究报道甚少。
红壤是我国南方典型土壤类型,与其他类型土壤相比,呈酸性且盐基具有高度不饱和性的铁铝土。其主要特征是缺乏碱金属与碱土金属,而富含铁、铝氧化物,呈酸性红色[15]。此外,红壤区多为粮食主产区,土壤及地下水的物质组成受耕作所使用的大量肥料影响较大。前期,本研究团队选取了江西省吉安市部分地区,对当地地下水2013−2022年这十年间的跟踪调查发现,水质呈弱酸性,pH值为6.0左右,“三氮”含量处于较高水平。通过研究酸性红壤地下水中厌氧氨氧化菌的多样性分布及群落结构组成情况,将可能为氮污染地下水的生物修复研究提供参考依据,并有望为我国酸性红壤地下水微生物生态系统的深入研究及氮素的污染防治提供基础数据。
吉安市(25°58′−27°57′N,113°46′−115°56′E)位于江西省中西部,西接湖南省,处于赣江中游段,地处我国红壤分布区的中心地带,具有典型代表性。吉安市境内溪流河川、水系网络酷似叶脉,赣江自南向北贯穿整个中部,将全市切割为东西两大部分。吉安市地势由边缘山地到赣江河谷,徐徐倾斜,逐级降低,往北方向逐渐平坦。吉安市北部为赣抚平原,中间为吉泰平原,呈现一种不对称的盆地形式,成为吉泰盆地的主要组成部分。在吉泰盆地边缘分布有石炭纪、二叠纪、泥盆纪地层。岩性以碎屑岩为主以及少量碳酸盐岩类,局部有脉状或层状产出的玄武岩类[16]。评价区内地下水有松散岩类孔隙水、红色碎屑岩类溶隙裂隙水、碳酸盐岩类裂隙溶洞水和构造裂隙水4种基本类型[17]。补给来源主要为大气降水、河流入渗、灌期稻田水的渗入,排泄方式主要以蒸发、侧向径流和人工开采为主。
在分析了研究区域地质背景、水文地质条件、人类活动影响及野外调查的基础上,兼顾采样的可行性和代表性,本研究在吉安市境内选取11个采样点,分别为吉福(JF)、天玉(TY)、桥南小学(QNXX)、值夏(ZX)、永新(YX)、遂川(SC)、永丰(YF)、茨坪(CP)、泰和(TH)、小溪(XX)和巴邱(BQ)。2023年全年按照每季度一次的频率采集地下水样品进行检测分析。采样点基本信息如表1所示。
本研究采用现场监测和实验室检测相结合的方式对地下水样品的理化指标进行测定。现场监测使用便携式现场监测仪(HACH公司),对水温、pH值、电导率(electrical conductivity, EC)等现场监测项目进行监测。实验室检测项目选择氨氮(NH4+-N)、硝酸盐氮(NO3-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO2-N)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铝(Al)、氟化物(F)、氯化物(Cl)、硫酸盐(SO42−)等为基本理化指标进行检测[18-19]
将采集到灭菌袋中的地下水样进行减压过滤,样品的生物信息截留在0.22 μm微孔滤膜上。将滤膜剪碎之后采用磁珠法土壤DNA提取试剂盒[方舟生物安全科技(广州)有限公司]提取样品中的总DNA,并用NanoDrop One (Thermo公司)检测DNA的纯度和浓度。
以基因组DNA为模板,选用细菌16S rRNA基因V4区通用引物515F (5′-GTGCCAGCMG CCGCGGTAA-3′)和806R (5′-GGACTACHVGG GTWTCTAAT-3′)对样品进行PCR扩增[20-21]。PCR仪为BioRad S1000 (Bio-Rad Laboratory公司)。PCR反应体系:2×PremixTaq 25 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各1 μL,DNA模板20 ng,ddH2O补足至50 μL。PCR扩增条件:94 ℃预变性5 min;94 ℃变性30 s,52 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,共30个循环;最后72 ℃延伸10 min。每个样本进行3个重复,并将同一样本的PCR产物进行混合。用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR产物的片段长度和浓度,主带长度在正常范围内才可用于进一步的实验。
使用ALFA-SEQ DNA Library Prep Kit试剂盒[方舟生物安全科技(广州)有限公司]进行文库建库,采用Qubit 4.0荧光仪(Life Technologies公司)和高通量核酸蛋白分析系统(徐州厚泽生物科技有限公司)对文库质量进行检测。使用Illumina NovaSeq 6000平台对文库进行测序,得到250 bp的双端reads。
实时荧光定量PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qPCR)是指在PCR体系中加入荧光基团,通过荧光信号不断累积而实现实时监测PCR全程的技术,在实时荧光定量PCR中,对PCR扩增过程进行全程实时检测,根据反应时间和荧光信号的变化可以绘制成一条曲线[21]。本研究通过普通PCR和qPCR对hzsB (联氨合成酶关键基因)进行检测,可定量菌种丰度。hzsB功能基因已被多次用于生物标记基因来进行厌氧氨氧化菌的定量和生物多样性研究[22-23]。其定量PCR采用SYBR Green法,水样过滤后生物信息截留至滤膜上,经过DNA提取之后,采用厌氧氨氧化菌功能基因hzsB的一对特征引物hzsB_396F (5′-ARGGHTGGGGHAGYTG GAAG-3′)和hzsB_742R (5′-GTYCCHACRTCAT GVGTCTG-3′)进行PCR扩增[12],PCR扩增体系(30 μL):2×Taq Mix 15 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各1 μL,DNA模板1 μL,ddH2O 12 μL。PCR扩增条件:95 ℃预变性30 s;95 ℃变性10 s,52−65 ℃梯度退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,共40个循环;72 ℃延伸5 min,最后16 ℃保持1 min。将已知拷贝数质粒的DNA按照10倍进行梯度稀释,得到的6个标准样品同时进行定量扩增,得到标准曲线。
2023年全年按照每季度一次的频率采集地下水样品进行检测分析。地下水常规理化指标测定结果如表2所示。吉安市地下水pH值处于(5.5±0.2)−(7.0±0.1),基本呈酸性;电导率介于(196±36)−(772±50) µS/cm,由此可知地下水中离子含量处于较高水平;由于地下水本身的特点,水中含有机质较少,这与表2中高锰酸盐指数均处于较低水平情况相符合;根据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2022)[24],样品中铁、锌、铝金属离子指标含量较低符合标准,但11个地下水站点有6个站点的锰含量超过限值,尤其是ZX站点超标了13.3倍;氟化物、氯化物、硫酸盐含量均在标准限值内;11个地下水研究点,氨氮及硝酸盐氮含量超标点位有3个,超标率达27.3%。根据GB 5749—2022[24],11个地下水站点仅有2个站点的水质符合要求,超标率达81.8%。若农村居民直接饮用不达标的地下水可能会造成一定的健康隐患。
各研究点的“三氮”形态浓度百分比如图1所示,地下水中硝态氮为氮的主要赋存形态,除ZX站点之外,其他站点硝酸盐氮形态占比达95%以上。与其他站点相比,ZX站点位于水田旁边,其高浓度氨氮的出现可能是农田施用的粪肥和铵肥的残留,以及地表水灌溉的补给造成的。“三氮”总量如图2所示,“三氮”总量最高的站点为JF,其次为TY,年平均“三氮”总量为12.0 mg/L左右,“三氮”总量最低站点为CP,含量为1.0 mg/L左右。对采样位置进行分析,JF和TY站点位于吉安市城镇区域,人员密集;而CP站点位于受人类活动影响较少的丘陵山区,并且海拔较高。
综上所述,吉安市地下水中氮的分布特征说明土地利用类型、人类活动、地质地貌、农业活动(肥料施用和灌溉等)等均会影响地下水中氮的组成和浓度。
通过对吉安市地下水进行微生物高通量测序分析,根据97%的一致性对有效序列进行操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)划分,最后对代表序列进行聚类分析。群落多样性结果如表3所示。高通量测序得到的优化序列数为65 220−85 905,最大值为TH站点(85 905),最小值为SC站点(65 220);经OTU分类后以97%相似度划分得到单个样品的OTU数量为1 000−3 421,最大值为QNXX站点(3 421),最小值为TH站点(1 000);Shannon指数为4.11−7.26,最大值为BQ (7.26),最小值为TH站点(4.11);地下水样品文库的覆盖率(coverage)范围均在99.00%以上,说明地下水样本中基因序列检出概率很高,数据具有较好的可靠性。Simpson指数和Shannon指数均说明BQ站点地下水微生物群落多样性最高。
通过高通量测序平台分析比对后,物种组成结构如表4所示。不同的地下水样品的微生物在门、纲、目、科、属等级中存在一定的差异性。门的数量为44−60;纲的数量为78−110;目的数量为123−208;科的数量为162−254;属的数量为202−358。从表4中可以得出TH站点在门、纲、目、科、属等级微生物种类是最少的。
图3为各地下水站点门水平上的细菌分类,将菌群丰度小于1%的合并为others组。11个样品平均相对丰度最高的是变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 64.95%),而后依次是拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes, 9.71%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria, 4.08%)。根据16S rRNA基因同源性,厌氧氨氧化菌隶属于浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes),从图3中可以看出,浮霉菌门在地下水中所占的比例较小,可知厌氧氨氧化菌在红壤地下水生境中仅是众多微生物的一小部分。厌氧氨氧化体膜上致密的阶梯烷脂膜结构决定了厌氧氧化菌具有极强生命力[25],厌氧氨氧化菌虽然在红壤地下水生境中丰度较低,但它对生态系统氮循环的贡献不容忽视。
对11个地下水样品进行实时荧光定量PCR分析,得到厌氧氨氧化细菌hzsB基因拷贝数,结果如图4所示。由图4可知,ZX和YF两个站点的厌氧氨氧化菌的hzsB基因拷贝数在108 copies/g的水平,ZX站点的hzsB基因拷贝数最大,为6.62×108 copies/g,其次为YF站点,其hzsB基因拷贝数1.22×108 copies/g;JF、TY、QNXX、YX、SC、CP、TH、BQ站点的厌氧氨氧化细菌hzsB基因拷贝数处于107 copies/g的水平,范围在1.34×107−9.50×107 copies/g;XX站点的厌氧氨氧化细菌hzsB基因拷贝数最低,仅为3.67×104 copies/g。与湿地[13]、土壤[26]地表水沉积物[27]等生态系统相比,红壤地下水厌氧氨氧化菌功能基因拷贝数更高,说明地下水有机质含量少、氧含量低及系统更新周期长等环境特性更适合厌氧氨氧化细菌生长代谢。
基于高通量测序分析结果,经Ribosomal Database Project数据库(RDP,https://rdp.cme.msu.edu/index.jsp)进行比对后,在11个红壤地下水样品中均成功检测到了厌氧氨氧化菌属:Candidatus Brocadia、Candidatus Scalindua、Candidatus Jettenia、Candidatus Kuenenia,这与前人研究在淡水、湿地和湖泊底泥等生境中厌氧氨氧化菌属群落结构相似[13,28-29]。统计隶属于每个种属中的OTU的序列条数,统计各样点中厌氧氨氧化细菌中各属的相对丰度,计算结果如图5所示。11个地下水研究点中平均Candidatus Brocadia丰度值为62.47%,平均Candidatus Scalindua丰度值为17.44%,平均Candidatus Jettenia丰度值为14.41%,平均Candidatus Kuenenia丰度值为5.67%。由图5可知,不同研究点的厌氧氨氧化菌属分布存在一定的差异性。除YX研究点外,Candidatus Brocadia占据绝对优势,并且比例较大(> 50.00%),尤其是CP和XX两个研究点Candidatus Brocadia占比超过80.00% (分别为84.58%和89.88%);Candidatus Scalindua丰度分布差异较大,YX点Candidatus Scalindua相对丰度高达56.44%,TY点Candidatus Scalindua相对丰度仅占5.89%;Candidatus Jettenia占比最高点为YF站点,值为21.71%,占比最低点为XX站点,值为0.77%;Candidatus Kuenenia占比最高点为SC站点,值为16.33%,占比最低点为XX站点,值为0.81%。结果表明厌氧氨氧化菌的空间异质性。
为了探究厌氧氨氧化菌群落结构是否受到关键环境因子的影响,用11个研究点厌氧氨氧化菌基因丰度和4个厌氧氨氧化菌属的相对丰度分别与地下水的理化指标进行皮尔逊相关性分析和冗余分析,结果分别如表5图6所示。皮尔逊分析结果表明,氨氮(r=0.908,P < 0.01)和锰(r=0.982,P < 0.01)与厌氧氨氧化菌基因丰度相关性为倾向性显著;氯化物(r=0.666,P < 0.05)与厌氧氨氧化菌基因丰度相关性为显著,由此表明地下水中氨氮、锰[30]、氯化物的含量可能会增强厌氧氨氧化菌的活性。锌(r=−0.080,P=0.815)和硝酸盐(r=−0.256,P=0.447)与厌氧氨氧化菌基因丰度呈负相关;pH值、总氮、高指、氟化物、硫酸盐的相关系数较小,说明厌氧氨氧化菌的含量受地下水中pH值、总氮、高指、氟化物、硫酸盐含量影响不明显。
冗余分析结果表明,不同的厌氧氨氧化菌属对环境因子的相关性有较大差异(图6)。Candidatus Brocadia与所有的环境因子都呈负相关性。Candidatus Scalindua与氟化物、氨氮、硫酸盐、锰、氯化物、pH值、总氮为正相关,相关性依序下降。Candidatus Jettenia和Candidatus Kuenenia丰度值与硝酸盐、锌、高锰酸盐指数、总氮等表现为显著正相关。
(1) 对11个地下水研究点的常规理化指标进行测定,仅有2个站点的水质符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2022)要求。在不同点位各形态氮含量有较大差异,与其他站点相比,ZX位于水田旁边,其高浓度氨氮的出现可能是农田施用的粪肥和铵肥的残留,以及地表水灌溉的补给造成的。通过对各研究点“三氮”总量进行对比分析,结果表明人员密集平原城区“三氮”总量高,人烟稀少的山区“三氮”总量低。地下水中氮的分布特征说明土地利用类型、人类活动、地质地貌、农业活动(肥料施用和灌溉等)等会影响地下水中氮的组成和浓度。
(2) 厌氧氨氧化菌hzsB基因丰度测试结果表明:地下水中厌氧氨氧化菌广泛存在,但不同点位基因丰度存在较大差异,11个样品的厌氧氨氧化细菌hzsB基因拷贝数在3.67×104−6.62×108 copies/g。与其他生态系统相比,红壤地下水厌氧氨氧化菌功能基因拷贝数更高,说明地下水有机质含量少、氧含量低、系统更新周期长等环境特性更适合厌氧氨氧化细菌生长代谢。
(3) 11个研究点均检测出4个厌氧氨氧化菌属,分别为Candidatus Brocadia、Candidatus Jettenia、Candidatus Kuenenia和Candidatus Scalindua。地下水研究点中Candidatus Brocadia为优势菌属,平均丰度值为62.47%,Candidatus Scalindua平均丰度值为17.44%,Candidatus Jettenia平均丰度值为14.41%,Candidatus Kuenenia平均丰度值为5.67%。相对丰度结果显示,各研究点的主导菌属有所差异。
(4) 相关性分析结果表明,氨氮、锰、氯化物与厌氧氨氧化菌基因丰度相关性显著,即地下水中氨氮、锰、氯化物的含量可能会增强厌氧氨氧化菌的活性及丰度;锌、硝酸盐与厌氧氨氧化菌基因丰度呈负相关;厌氧氨氧化菌的含量与地下水中pH值、总氮、高指、氟化物、硫酸盐含量相关性不明显;Candidatus Brocadia与所有的环境因子都呈负相关性。Candidatus Scalindua与氟化物、氨氮、硫酸盐、锰、氯化物、pH值、总氮为正相关,相关性依序下降。Candidatus Jettenia和Candidatus Kuenenia丰度值与硝酸盐、锌、高锰酸盐指数、总氮等表现为显著正相关。
  • 江西省水利厅2023年度水利科技项目(202324YBKT14)
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2024年第64卷第6期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230788
  • 接收时间:2023-12-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-06-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-21
  • 录用日期:2024-03-21
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Water Conservancy Technology Project of Jiangxi Provincial Water Resources Department in 2023(202324YBKT14)
江西省水利厅2023年度水利科技项目(202324YBKT14)
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    1 赣江中游水文水资源监测中心, 江西 吉安 343000
    2 鄱阳湖水文生态监测研究重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330000
    3 修河水文水资源监测中心, 江西 九江 332000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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