Article(id=1241377724183400590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241377719049572379, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230763, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1702224000000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1706803200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-02-02, onlineDate=1773897113127, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1717430400000, pubDateStr=2024-06-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773897113127, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773897113127, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897113127, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241377719049572379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='6', pageStart='1691', pageEnd='2143', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773897111904, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897665313, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241380040286458828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241377719049572379, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241380040286458829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241377719049572379, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1891, endPage=1905, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241377724602831015, articleId=1241377724183400590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Bacterial diversity and influencing factors in soil sediments of Yuncheng Salt Lake, Shanxi, columnId=1241377723155796061, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Microbiome in Extreme Environments, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Yuncheng Salt Lake, located in the southwest of Shanxi Province, has a long history and unique climatic and geographical features, harboring rich microbial resources. The soil ecosystem is of great significance for understanding the diversity and functions of bacteria in the saline-alkali soil. [Objective] To explore the diversity of bacteria in the soil and sediment of Yuncheng Salt Lake, analyze its influencing factors, and provide a scientific basis and reference for the sustainable management of saline-alkali soil ecosystems and the mining of pure cultures. [Methods] Eighteen soil samples were collected from six sampling sites of Yuncheng Salt Lake. We measured the soil physicochemical properties and carried out high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to analyze the impact of environmental factors on bacterial diversity. [Results] Pseudomonadota,Bacteroidota, andBacillota were the dominant bacteria in the soil of Yuncheng Salt Lake. The bacterial diversity and community composition showed significant differences among different sampling sites. The results of canonical correlation analysis indicated that total dissolved solids (TDS), total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), and SO42− had the greatest impacts on soil microbial diversity, followed by Na+, Ca2+, Cl, available phosphorous (A-P), and pH. HCO3, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), K+, and Mg2+ had mild impacts on the diversity. [Conclusion] The soil microorganisms of Yuncheng Salt Lake had high diversity which was closely related to environmental factors. This study provides comprehensive biological information on the bacterial resources in the soil of Yuncheng Salt Lake, offering a theoretical basis for the exploration and research of bacterial resources in this lake.

, correspAuthors=Xin LI, Zhuo WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: LI Xin,;
E-mail: WANG Zhuo,
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Haoran GUO, Fan WANG, Lianxiang TIAN, Chuanxu WANG, Wenjun LI, Baozhu FANG, Xin LI, Zhuo WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241377727803085146, articleId=1241377724183400590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=山西运城盐湖土壤沉积物细菌多样性及影响因素分析, columnId=1241377723424231526, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=极端环境微生物, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

地处山西省西南部的运城盐湖历史悠久,气候特征与地理环境独特,蕴藏着丰富的微生物资源,研究其土壤沉积物生态系统对了解盐碱地土壤细菌多样性及其功能具有重要意义。【目的】探究运城盐湖土壤与沉积物中细菌的多样性,分析其影响因素,为盐碱地土壤生态系统的可持续管理和纯培养物挖掘提供科学依据与参考。【方法】对运城盐湖6个采样点的18个样品进行土壤理化分析,结合16S rRNA基因的扩增子高通量测序,分析环境因素对细菌多样性的影响。【结果】假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)为运城盐湖土壤微生物的优势类群,多样性和群落组成分析显示不同采样点间的微生物存在明显差异。典型相关分析(canonical correlation analysis, CCA)表明,总溶解固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)、总氮(total nitrogen, TN)、总碳(total carbon, TC)和SO42−对土壤微生物多样性的影响最大,其次为Na+、Ca2+、Cl、土壤有效磷(available phosphorous, A-P)和pH,HCO3、硝态氮(nitrate nitrogen, NO3-N)、氨态氮(ammonia nitrogen, NH4+-N)、K+和Mg2+的影响较小。【结论】运城盐湖土壤微生物拥有较高的多样性,与环境因子关系密切。本研究完善了运城盐湖土壤细菌资源的生物信息,为盐湖细菌资源的挖掘和研究提供了理论依据。

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rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=Applied and Environmental Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHONG ZP, LIU Y, MIAO LL, WANG F, CHU LM, WANG JL, LIU ZP.Prokaryotic community structure driven by salinity and ionic concentrations in plateau lakes of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2016,82(6):1846-1858., articleTitle=Prokaryotic community structure driven by salinity and ionic concentrations in plateau lakes of the Tibetan Plateau, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241445044977202116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377724183400590, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=28, issue=4, pageStart=79, pageEnd=90, url=https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YHYJ202004011.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=盐湖研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马雪莉, 吕杰, 马媛, 吕光辉.艾比湖原核微生物菌群结构演变与环境因子关系分析[J].盐湖研究,2020,28(4):79-90., articleTitle=艾比湖原核微生物菌群结构演变与环境因子关系分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241445045061088201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377724183400590, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=28, issue=4, pageStart=79, pageEnd=90, url=https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YHYJ202004011.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of Salt Lake Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA XL, LÜ J, MA Y, LÜ GH.A study on the relationship between the prokaryote community structure evolution and environmental factors of Ebinur Lake[J].Journal of Salt Lake Research,2020,28(4):79-90 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=A study on the relationship between the prokaryote community structure evolution and environmental factors of Ebinur Lake, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241445031190524386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377724183400590, awardId=32300111, 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Information on sample collections from Yuncheng Salt Lake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleSample descriptionpHGPS coordinates
YCT1Black sediment mix mat7.1535°07′29.30″N, 111°55′46.39″E
YCT2Black sediment mix mat7.8035°07′30.95″N, 111°55′47.57″E
YCT3Alkaline sediment8.3035°07′30.95″N, 111°55′47.57″E
YCT4Black sediment mix mat8.1535°01′48.84″N, 111°03′00.14″E
YCT5Alkaline sediment8.1034°59′54.95″N, 111°00′04.26″E
YCT6Black sediment mix mat8.1535°07′30.95″N, 111°55′47.57″E
), ArticleFig(id=1241445030708179386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377724183400590, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

运城盐湖样品采集信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleSample descriptionpHGPS coordinates
YCT1Black sediment mix mat7.1535°07′29.30″N, 111°55′46.39″E
YCT2Black sediment mix mat7.8035°07′30.95″N, 111°55′47.57″E
YCT3Alkaline sediment8.3035°07′30.95″N, 111°55′47.57″E
YCT4Black sediment mix mat8.1535°01′48.84″N, 111°03′00.14″E
YCT5Alkaline sediment8.1034°59′54.95″N, 111°00′04.26″E
YCT6Black sediment mix mat8.1535°07′30.95″N, 111°55′47.57″E
), ArticleFig(id=1241445030813036995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377724183400590, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physical and chemical properties of soil samples from Yuncheng Salt Lake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleTKNO3-NNH4+-NSO42−CO32−HCO3ClA-PCa2+Mg2+TNTCNa+TDS
各指标单位均为g/kg (干重);ND为未检测出
All the units are in g/(kg-dry weight). ND: Not detected.
YCT113.990.000 890.016 5611.20ND0.034.410.008 519.3439.050.9417.689.8855.47
YCT219.360.000 670.019 2610.63ND0.044.510.006 128.7239.531.0018.4222.57104.72
YCT312.330.000 690.018 9611.35ND0.034.430.007 435.4624.290.6518.1514.0357.24
YCT49.520.001 300.014 6710.88ND0.024.410.007 452.1931.451.0920.299.9576.75
YCT515.580.001 460.017 0011.99ND0.024.320.012 046.2243.460.9626.0415.4546.33
YCT613.090.001 300.016 3212.20ND0.034.480.007 719.5837.621.4037.267.1720.61
), ArticleFig(id=1241445030943060431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377724183400590, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

运城盐湖土壤样品理化因子组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleTKNO3-NNH4+-NSO42−CO32−HCO3ClA-PCa2+Mg2+TNTCNa+TDS
各指标单位均为g/kg (干重);ND为未检测出
All the units are in g/(kg-dry weight). ND: Not detected.
YCT113.990.000 890.016 5611.20ND0.034.410.008 519.3439.050.9417.689.8855.47
YCT219.360.000 670.019 2610.63ND0.044.510.006 128.7239.531.0018.4222.57104.72
YCT312.330.000 690.018 9611.35ND0.034.430.007 435.4624.290.6518.1514.0357.24
YCT49.520.001 300.014 6710.88ND0.024.410.007 452.1931.451.0920.299.9576.75
YCT515.580.001 460.017 0011.99ND0.024.320.012 046.2243.460.9626.0415.4546.33
YCT613.090.001 300.016 3212.20ND0.034.480.007 719.5837.621.4037.267.1720.61
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山西运城盐湖土壤沉积物细菌多样性及影响因素分析
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郭浩然 1 , 王帆 1 , 田连祥 2 , 王传旭 2 , 李文均 3, 4 , 房保柱 4 , 李新 2, * , 王卓 2, *
微生物学报 | 极端环境微生物 2024,64(6): 1891-1905
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微生物学报 | 极端环境微生物 2024, 64(6): 1891-1905
山西运城盐湖土壤沉积物细菌多样性及影响因素分析
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郭浩然1, 王帆1, 田连祥2, 王传旭2, 李文均3, 4, 房保柱4, 李新2, * , 王卓2, *
作者信息
  • 1 山西农业大学食品科学与工程学院, 山西 太谷 030801
  • 2 运城学院 运城盐湖生态保护与资源利用厅市共建山西省重点实验室, 山西 运城 044000
  • 3 中山大学生命科学学院 有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室, 广东 广州 510275
  • 4 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
Bacterial diversity and influencing factors in soil sediments of Yuncheng Salt Lake, Shanxi
Haoran GUO1, Fan WANG1, Lianxiang TIAN2, Chuanxu WANG2, Wenjun LI3, 4, Baozhu FANG4, Xin LI2, * , Zhuo WANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
  • 2 Shanxi Key Laboratory of Yuncheng Salt Lake Ecological Protection and Resource Utilization, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi, China
  • 3 State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
  • 4 State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
出版时间: 2024-06-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230763
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地处山西省西南部的运城盐湖历史悠久,气候特征与地理环境独特,蕴藏着丰富的微生物资源,研究其土壤沉积物生态系统对了解盐碱地土壤细菌多样性及其功能具有重要意义。【目的】探究运城盐湖土壤与沉积物中细菌的多样性,分析其影响因素,为盐碱地土壤生态系统的可持续管理和纯培养物挖掘提供科学依据与参考。【方法】对运城盐湖6个采样点的18个样品进行土壤理化分析,结合16S rRNA基因的扩增子高通量测序,分析环境因素对细菌多样性的影响。【结果】假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)为运城盐湖土壤微生物的优势类群,多样性和群落组成分析显示不同采样点间的微生物存在明显差异。典型相关分析(canonical correlation analysis, CCA)表明,总溶解固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)、总氮(total nitrogen, TN)、总碳(total carbon, TC)和SO42−对土壤微生物多样性的影响最大,其次为Na+、Ca2+、Cl、土壤有效磷(available phosphorous, A-P)和pH,HCO3、硝态氮(nitrate nitrogen, NO3-N)、氨态氮(ammonia nitrogen, NH4+-N)、K+和Mg2+的影响较小。【结论】运城盐湖土壤微生物拥有较高的多样性,与环境因子关系密切。本研究完善了运城盐湖土壤细菌资源的生物信息,为盐湖细菌资源的挖掘和研究提供了理论依据。

运城盐湖  /  土壤沉积物  /  高通量测序  /  细菌多样性  /  土壤理化

Yuncheng Salt Lake, located in the southwest of Shanxi Province, has a long history and unique climatic and geographical features, harboring rich microbial resources. The soil ecosystem is of great significance for understanding the diversity and functions of bacteria in the saline-alkali soil. [Objective] To explore the diversity of bacteria in the soil and sediment of Yuncheng Salt Lake, analyze its influencing factors, and provide a scientific basis and reference for the sustainable management of saline-alkali soil ecosystems and the mining of pure cultures. [Methods] Eighteen soil samples were collected from six sampling sites of Yuncheng Salt Lake. We measured the soil physicochemical properties and carried out high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to analyze the impact of environmental factors on bacterial diversity. [Results] Pseudomonadota,Bacteroidota, andBacillota were the dominant bacteria in the soil of Yuncheng Salt Lake. The bacterial diversity and community composition showed significant differences among different sampling sites. The results of canonical correlation analysis indicated that total dissolved solids (TDS), total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), and SO42− had the greatest impacts on soil microbial diversity, followed by Na+, Ca2+, Cl, available phosphorous (A-P), and pH. HCO3, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), K+, and Mg2+ had mild impacts on the diversity. [Conclusion] The soil microorganisms of Yuncheng Salt Lake had high diversity which was closely related to environmental factors. This study provides comprehensive biological information on the bacterial resources in the soil of Yuncheng Salt Lake, offering a theoretical basis for the exploration and research of bacterial resources in this lake.

Yuncheng Salt Lake  /  soil sediment  /  high-throughput sequencing  /  bacterial diversity  /  soil physicochemical properties
郭浩然, 王帆, 田连祥, 王传旭, 李文均, 房保柱, 李新, 王卓. 山西运城盐湖土壤沉积物细菌多样性及影响因素分析. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (6) : 1891 -1905 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230763
Haoran GUO, Fan WANG, Lianxiang TIAN, Chuanxu WANG, Wenjun LI, Baozhu FANG, Xin LI, Zhuo WANG. Bacterial diversity and influencing factors in soil sediments of Yuncheng Salt Lake, Shanxi[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (6) : 1891 -1905 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230763
土壤微生物的群落结构与土壤环境紧密相关,是生态平衡系统重要的评价指标之一。不同的土壤环境会形成结构不同的微生物群落。同一地区内,不同类型的土壤中分布的微生物数量和种类也会有所不同。地处山西省西南部、总面积约为132 hm2的运城盐湖,是由中条山怀抱、黄河环绕的内陆湖泊,位于34°35′−35°49′N,属暖温带大陆性季风气候,与美国犹他州大盐湖、俄罗斯西伯利亚库楚克盐湖并称为世界三大硫酸钠型内陆湖泊[1]。运城盐湖中矿物质含量非常丰富,蕴含7种常量元素和16种微量元素,其周围土壤盐碱化严重,周围植被稀疏,附近植物多为藻类、芦苇等多年生草本植物[2],是当地化工和产盐基地[3]。特殊的地理气候特征和盐湖演化机制使运城盐湖形成了独特的生态体系,其中可能孕育与传统生境迥异的功能微生物类群。
作为一种典型的极端环境,学者们对盐湖的探索从未停止。赵婉雨等[4]对柴达木盆地达布逊盐湖微生物的多样性进行了报道,结果表明放线菌门(Actinomycetota)为达布逊盐湖的主要优势类群。李璐等[5]研究发现假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)为巴丹吉林沙漠盐湖的优势类群。Li等[6]研究了青藏高原盐湖微生物的组成,并对其空间格局和共存网络进行了研究。国内盐湖的研究多集中于新疆、青海、内蒙古等西部地区,对于我国中部地区的研究还未形成体系[7-9]。运城盐湖作为一个典型的盐碱地生态系统,其土壤微生物资源尚未得到深入和系统的研究,与其相关的研究主要集中在人类环境、耐盐植物和食盐生产等方面,但关于该盐湖沉积物的微生物多样性的研究仅有少量报道,如刘德容等[10]于1998年对运城盐湖放线菌资源进行了勘探,共分离到中、高温嗜碱或耐碱放线菌120株。李新等[11-12]分离并鉴定了两株中度嗜盐菌,并对其酶学特性进行了研究。Zeng等[13]对运城盐湖微生物多样性进行了报道,结果表明耐盐微生物的优势种和丰度随着距离盐湖的距离而逐渐变化。目前,基于土壤理化因子对山西运城盐湖土壤沉积物微生物多样性及群落结构影响鲜有报道。
微生物作为土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,其多样性和群落结构直接影响着整个生态系统的功能和稳定性。人们对微生物群落结构多样性的研究多运用传统培养的方法,相对于传统培养的研究方法而言,生物信息学分析能更好地揭示微生物群落之间的关系[14]。本研究通过对运城盐湖不同地点土壤样品进行16S rRNA基因高通量测序,结合土壤理化因子数据,综合分析运城盐湖土壤细菌的群落结构和影响因素。研究结果将为未来开展运城盐湖土壤微生物资源开发、分离培养以及生态环境管理提供一定的理论基础与参考依据。
本研究于2023年5月在山西省运城市运城盐湖使用抓斗取样器采集样品(表1),每个采样点各采集3个生物学重复。将每份土样分为2个部分,一部分样品风干,过0.25 mm孔径网筛后用于分析土壤理化性质;另一部分保存于‒80 ℃冰箱用于土壤基因组的提取。
土壤pH采用酸度计测定,以去除CO2的纯水为浸提剂,水土比2.5:1[15];矿化度总溶解固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)、HCO3、Cl、CO32−与SO42−参考Peng等[16]的方法测定;总氮(total nitrogen, TN)采用半微量凯氏定氮法测定;总碳(total carbon, TC)使用元素分析仪(Elementar公司)进行测定;Ca2+、Mg2+和Na+采用火焰光度计法测定;硝态氮(nitrate nitrogen, NO3-N)和铵态氮(ammonium nitrogen, NH4+-N)使用全自动连续流动分析仪(SEAL Analytical公司)测定。全钾(total potassium, TK)、有效磷(available phosphorus, A-P)参考土壤农化分析[17]测定。
使用TGuide S96磁珠法土壤DNA试剂盒[天根生化科技(北京)有限公司],从运城盐湖土壤样品中提取基因组DNA。用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测提取DNA的质量,并用分光光度法测定DNA的浓度和纯度。用引物对515F (5′-GTGCCAGCMGCC GCGGTAA-3′)和806R (5′-GGACTACHVGGTWT CTAAT-3′)扩增细菌16S rRNA基因的V4高变区[18]。PCR的反应体系(20 μL):DNA模板10−100 ng,正、反向引物(10 µmol/L)各0.6 μL,KOD FX Neo缓冲液10 μL,dNTPs (2 mmol/L) 4 μL,KOD FX Neo 0.4 μL,ddH2O补足20 μL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃ 10 min;95℃ 30 s,52 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 60 s,32次循环;72 ℃ 10 min。扩增产物用Omega DNA纯化试剂盒(Omega Bio-Tek公司)进行纯化。在Illumina NovaSeq 6000上对扩增子文库进行测序(2×250)。
测序平台下机的数据经拼接、质控和嵌合体过滤,得到有效数据用于后续分析。通过DADA2[19]输出扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variants, ASV),以0.005%作为阈值过滤ASVs。基于QIIME 2[20]中的朴素贝叶斯分类器,使用SILVA数据库[21](release 138.1)对ASVs进行分类标注,置信阈值为70%。本研究所获得的物种分类学门水平信息全部按照最新修订的规则进行命名[22]。α多样性和β多样性分别通过QIIME 2和R软件计算和显示。线性判别分析效应大小(linear discriminant analysis effect size, LEfSe)分析使用BMKCloud (https://www.biocloud.net)进行,线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis, LDA)的对数分数为3.5作为判别特征的阈值。将测得的土壤理化数据与样品细菌多样性进行典型相关分析(canonical correlation analysis, CCA)分析。测序原始数据已上传NCBI SRA数据库(登录号为SRX22844076−SRX22844093)。
盐湖沉积物离子成分检测结果如表2所示。YCT1−YCT6的pH在7.15−8.30范围内,YCT1最低,YCT3最高;YCT2的TDS最高,为104.72 g/kg,YCT6最低,为20.61 g/kg,其余样品在46.33−76.75 g/kg之间。YCT6的TN含量最高,达1.40 g/kg,显著高于YCT3 (0.65 g/kg),其余样品在1.00 g/kg左右。YCT1-4的TC含量无显著差异(17.68−20.29 g/kg),YCT5为26.04 g/kg,显著低于YCT6,37.26 g/kg。YCT2的NH4+-N含量最高,NO3-N最低,分别为0.019 26 g/kg和0.000 67 g/kg。YCT5的NO3-N最高,YCT4的NH4+-N最低,分别为0.001 46 g/kg和0.014 67 g/kg。在4种阳离子中,YCT4的Ca2+最高,YCT5的Mg2+最高,YCT2的Na+与TK最高。总体而言,6组样品的4种阴离子及有效磷含量无显著差异,但CO32−未检测出。
通过16S rRNA基因的扩增子高通量测序,对运城盐湖6组土壤样品(YCT1−YCT6)细菌群落结构进行分析,基于Illumina NovaSeq 6000测序平台,利用双末端测序(paired-end)的方法,构建小片段文库。18个样品测序共获得1 362 827对reads,双端reads质控、拼接后共产生1 273 622条高质量reads,每个样品至少产生4 885条reads,平均产生70 757条reads。
运城盐湖土壤微生物α多样性指数如图1所示。6组样品的Simpson指数无显著性差异,但ACE与Chao1指数各有差异,其中YCT6的ACE指数最高且显著高于YCT3、YCT4和YCT5。YCT5的ACE指数与Chao1指数均为最低。就ACE和Chao1指数而言,YCT6的微生物种类最多,丰富度最高。Shannon指数显示出YCT6和YCT4的丰富度存在显著性差异(P<0.05),表明YCT6的群落更加丰富且均匀。为了解各样品之间细菌群落组成的相似性和差异性,本研究进一步对6组样品土壤细菌群落进行了β多样性分析。主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)显示(图2),YCT1、YCT3和YCT5有部分交叉,YCT2、YCT4和YCT6土壤细菌群落之间相互独立,各样品细菌菌群存在显著差异。
本研究对前期获得的3 363个ASVs所对应的序列进行分类学统计得出,6组样品的微生物主要分布在51门102纲247目484科933属。YCT1-6与门水平丰度Top 10的物种组成关系如图3所示,假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)为6组样品在门水平上的优势类群,其相对占比分别为33.24%、15.40%和12.65%。脱硫杆状菌门(Desulfobacterota)、未分类的细菌、放线菌门(Actinomycetota)和盐杆菌门(Halobacterota)的占比依次为7.95%、5.36%、3.45%和3.42%。
图4A展示了各样品门水平群落相对丰度组成,YCT3中假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)相对丰度最高(43.64%),而YCT4中占比最低(22.33%)。拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)在6组样品中占比相似,介于12.17%−17.39%之间。YCT5中芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)占比最高(21.63%),而YCT4仅占5.81%。此外,YCT4、YCT6除了以上3门外,脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)的占比也分别达到了15.42%和25.58%。盐杆菌门(Halobacterota)和放线菌门(Actinomycetota)的整体占比较低,但YCT3中的盐杆菌门(Halobacterota)显著高于其他5组样品,达到11.09%,YCT1与YCT5放线菌门(Actinomycetota)的丰度相似,分别为5.48%和5.65%,其他4组样品放线菌门(Actinomycetota)相对丰富占比均低于3.00%。盐厌氧菌门(Halanaerobiaeota)在YCT4中的相对丰度达到了13.14%,但在其他样品中相对占比均小于1.00%。
在属水平的微生物组成分析中(图4B),6组样品展现出明显的差异。无色杆菌属(Achromobacter)为YCT1-5中的主导类群,在YCT3中达到相对占比的最高点(10.29%),而在YCT1中最低(2.58%),然而在YCT6中几乎无法检测到(0.02%)。嗜盐厌氧菌属(Halanaerobium)在YCT4中表现为优势类群,其余样品中的相对丰富度均低于2.00%。海源菌属(Idiomarina)和盐红菌属(Halorubrum)在YCT3中相对丰度分别达到了7.15%和6.65%,为优势类群。脱硫棒状菌属(Desulfotignum)在YCT6中的相对丰度达到8.15%。这些结果表明,不同样品之间存在显著的微生物组成差异。
本研究对不同生境的微生物群落进行了LEfSe分析,由分支图(图5)可知,6组土壤微生物共有106个不同分类水平上的细菌群落存在显著差异,其中YCT1有7个生物标记物,如门水平的芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetota),目水平的鞘氨醇单胞菌目(Sphingomonadales)和微球菌目(Micrococcales),以及科水平的一些类群。YCT2中共有12个生物标记物,主要集中在属水平,如玫瑰变色菌属(Roseovarius)、脱硫盐单胞菌属(Desulfosalsimonas)、地热杆菌属(Geothermobacter)和解腈杆菌属(Nitriliruptor)等,科水平上的地杆菌科(Geobacteraceae)以及一些未分类的物种。YCT3只有属水平的副球菌属(Paracoccus)一个类群显著富集。YCT4中生物标记物最多,共有43个类群,如门水平的盐厌氧菌门(Halanaerobiaeota)、螺旋体门(Spirochaetota)、热袍菌门(Thermotogota)和增效菌门(Synergistota),纲水平的热袍菌纲(Thermotogae)、螺旋体纲(Spirochaetia)、脱硫弧菌纲(Desulfovibrionia)和互养菌纲(Synergistia),目水平和科水平分别由7个和11个类群显著富集,以及属水平和一些未分类的物种;YCT5中有6个类群显著富集,如门水平的放线菌门(Actinomycetota),纲水平的芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli),目水平的着色菌目(Chromatiales)和芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales),以及2个科和2个属;YCT6中有37个差异微生物类群,其主要集中在12科14属水平上,共计12个科和14个属水平的类群显著富集,门水平上仅有脱硫杆状菌门(Desulfobacterota)显著富集,纲水平上有脱硫杆状菌纲(Desulfobacteria)、脱硫球菌纲(Desulfobulbia)和脱硫单胞菌纲(Desulfuromonadia)显著富集。
图6A展示了门水平丰度Top 30的类群与各理化因子的相关性,假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)作为在6组样品中丰度最大的类群,其与NH4+-N和Na+呈显著正相关,与TN显著负相关。芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)在YCT1中的富集度最高,其与Ca2+、NO3-N、TN和TC呈显著负相关。蓝藻菌门(Cyanobacteria)在YCT2中的富集度最高,其与pH呈显著负相关,与K+呈显著正相关。放线菌门(Actinomycetota)受多种理化因素的影响,与pH和TN显著负相关,与K+、Mg2+和NH4+-N呈显著正相关。除此之外,TN与盐厌氧菌门(Halanaerobiaeota)、螺旋体门(Spirochaetota)、热袍菌门(Thermotogota)、脱硫杆状菌门(Desulfobacterota)、粘细菌门(Myxococcota)和增效菌门(Synergistota)呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),但NH4+-N对以上类群均呈负相关。
为了揭示土壤细菌群落结构对不同理化因子的响应关系,本研究根据6组土壤群落组成与土壤理化因子进行CCA分析。结果显示(图6B),第一和第二排序轴分别解释了26.58%和22.18%的细菌群落结构变异,说明本研究所选取的环境因子具有一定的代表性。总体来看TDS、TN、TC和SO42−对土壤微生物多样性的影响最大,其次为Na+、Ca2+、Cl、A-P和pH,HCO3、NO3-N、NH4+-N、K+和Mg2+的影响较小。YCT1、YCT3、YCT5分布在第三象限,受A-P的约束作用最强。YCT2和YCT4主要分布在第一象限,与Cl的垂线投影点相近,表明制约作用最强。YCT6分布在第四象限与TC、TN和SO42−的垂线投影点相近,表明制约作用影响显著。
本研究利用Illumina高通量测序技术,研究了来源于运城盐湖的6组土壤样品的细菌多样性,经过对获得的3 363个ASVs统计得出,6组样品的微生物主要分布在51门102纲247目484科933属。α多样性分析表明,YCT6样品的微生物丰富度明显高于其他样品,而Shannon指数进一步显示YCT6和YCT4的群落结构更加丰富和均匀。这可能与YCT6的土壤理化条件相对适宜,TDS相对较低,为更多微生物提供了生存空间。6个样品的细菌在门水平上相对丰度依次为假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)、脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)、盐杆菌门(Halobacterota)、放线菌门(Actinomycetota)、盐厌氧菌门(Halanaerobiaeota)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和螺旋体门(Spirochaetes),其中假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)为主要类群,这与同为硫酸钠型内陆湖泊的犹他州大盐湖微生物群落结构基本吻合[23]。Liu等[24]研究了苟池盐湖、庐阳盐湖和运城盐湖的细菌多样性组成,发现3种盐湖沉积物中假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)为绝对优势类群。李坤珺等[25]采用克隆文库法对运城盐湖样品中细菌群落进行多样性分析,结果表明主要类群为假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)。黄建蓉[26]利用高通量测序技术,对运城盐湖的未培养细菌进行多样性分析,其门水平丰度依次为芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)、假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota),同时也说明了放线菌门(Actinomycetota)在运城盐湖中的丰度占比较少,约为3.6%,这与本研究的结果相吻合。多个研究发现,盐湖细菌类群中多以假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)为主[27-30],但因各个盐湖理化成分差异,造成优势类群比例方面有所不同。
各样品门水平间的类群差异较小,但在属水平差异较大。无色杆菌属(Achromobacter)为YCT1、2、3、5的优势类群,嗜盐厌氧菌属(Halanaerobium)和脱硫棒状菌属(Desulfotignum)为YCT4和YCT6的优势类群。沈国平等[31]对青藏高原不同特征湖泊的细菌多样性进行了分析,表明青藏高原内Na2SO4型湖泊在属水平上的优势类群为水弯曲菌属(Aquiflexum)、海仙菌属(Haliea)和苍黄杆菌属(Luteolibacter)。杨珊珊等[32]对巴里坤湖、阿勒泰阿尔达乡、吐鲁番亚尔乃孜沟3个地区土壤沉积物中细菌多样性进行了分析,属水平上的优势类群分别为气单胞菌属(Aeromonas, 24.67%)、气单菌属(Aeromonas, 50.00%)和鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas, 29.00%)。这些结果均表明不同地区盐环境间细菌群落组成差异较大。
土壤的理化因子对细菌群落的多样性具有显著影响[33],因此,结合理化指标分析不同样品间细菌群落多样性,对于深入了解开发运城盐湖具有重要意义。本研究结合pH、TK、NO3-N、NH4+-N、SO42−、CO32−、HCO3、Cl、A-P、Ca2+、Mg2+、TN、TC、Na+和TDS共14种土壤理化参数对各样品以及门水平主要类群进行了相关性分析。结果表明,TDS、TN、TC和SO42−对土壤微生物多样性的影响最大,其次为Na+、Ca2+、Cl、A-P和pH,HCO3、NO3-N、NH4+-N、K+和Mg2+的影响较小。张欣等[34]在对茶卡盐湖微生物多样性的研究中也表明,环境中TN和总有机碳(total organic carbon, TOC)是中盐度样本细菌群落差异的制约因素,尤以假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)和芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)中一些属水平的类群分布差异明显。李二阳等[35]分析了新疆天山北坡不同盐湖微生物菌群结构,研究表明Na+和TDS对假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)影响较为明显,而且对细菌菌群结构影响较大。Zhong等[36]研究青藏高原7个中低度盐湖细菌的多样性时发现,K+、Cl、Na+、SO42−和Ca2+直接或间接地制约细菌的群落结构组成、多样性分布以及个体的进化分支。由此可见,Ca2+和Na+对青藏高原盐湖、茶卡盐湖等氯化物型盐湖的细菌群落构成有着关键性影响。马雪莉等[37]的研究表明Na+、Cl、SO42−、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+和TDS对同为硫酸钠型盐湖的艾比湖细菌群落结构起到决定性的作用,这与我们的研究有所出入,但同时也佐证了SO42−为硫酸钠型盐湖微生物群落结构的重要影响因素。相较于艾比湖,K+和Mg2+对运城盐湖细菌群落结构的影响较小,推测是由于盐湖沉积物离子组成成分差异较大以及近年来运城盐湖受人为影响较为严重而引起的。
本研究通过对运城盐湖6种土壤或沉积物样本的16S rRNA基因高通量测序,结合多种土壤理化指标,综合分析了运城盐湖土壤细菌的多样性及影响因素,发现细菌群落组成以假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)为主,但由于各样品间理化因素的不同,其在各水平上的组成各有差异。相较于西藏、青海和新疆等地的盐湖,本研究发现TDS、TN、TC和SO42−对运城盐湖土壤微生物多样性的影响更为显著。本研究结果将为运城盐湖土壤细菌群落组成及影响因素提供新的认识,以期对运城盐湖的纯培养物挖掘能够起到一定的参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32300111)
  • 山西省科技创新人才团队(202204051001035)
  • 山西省基础研究计划(202303021211114)
  • 山西省运城盐湖保护利用研究院“揭榜挂帅”项目(YHYJ-2023001)
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2024年第64卷第6期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230763
  • 接收时间:2023-12-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-06-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-11
  • 录用日期:2024-02-02
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300111)
国家自然科学基金(32300111)
Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province(202204051001035)
山西省科技创新人才团队(202204051001035)
Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021211114)
山西省基础研究计划(202303021211114)
"Listed and Commanded" Project from Yuncheng Salt Lake Protection and Utilization Research Institute of Shanxi Province(YHYJ-2023001)
山西省运城盐湖保护利用研究院“揭榜挂帅”项目(YHYJ-2023001)
作者信息
    1 山西农业大学食品科学与工程学院, 山西 太谷 030801
    2 运城学院 运城盐湖生态保护与资源利用厅市共建山西省重点实验室, 山西 运城 044000
    3 中山大学生命科学学院 有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室, 广东 广州 510275
    4 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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