Article(id=1241377720379166762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241377719049572379, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240050, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1705507200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1711641600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-03-29, onlineDate=1773897112221, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1717430400000, pubDateStr=2024-06-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773897112221, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773897112221, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897112221, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241377719049572379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='6', pageStart='1691', pageEnd='2143', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773897111904, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897665313, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241380040286458828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241377719049572379, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241380040286458829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241377719049572379, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1766, endPage=1778, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241377720765042743, articleId=1241377720379166762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Adaptive patterns of bacterial communities under increased temperature and precipitation associated with soil displacement, columnId=1241377720337223717, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Soil Microbiome Involved in Element Cycling, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The temperature and precipitation variations caused by global climate change have profoundly impacted soil microbial communities. Understanding the impacts of the variations on the structure and function of microbial communities over time is crucial for predicting and adapting to future climate changes. [Objective] To explore the variations in the diversity, composition, structure, and succession of bacterial communities in mollisol soil in the context of climate change. [Methods] Based on a long-term soil transplantation experiment platform of Hailun, Fengqiu and Yingtan Agroecosystem Field Experiment Stations of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, we translocated the mollisol soil from a cold-temperate region (Hailun) to a warm-temperate region (Fengqiu) and a mid-subtropical region (Yingtan) to simulate the increasing conditions of temperature and precipitation. We collected 63 mollisol soil samples from Hailun, Fengqiu, and Yingtan during 2005–2011. We employed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to study the diversity, composition, and structure of soil bacterial communities under different temperature and precipitation conditions. With consideration to the soil physicochemical properties, we analyzed the relationship between environmental factors and microbial community characteristics and calculated the species turnover rate. [Results] After six years of transplantation of the mollisol soil from the cold temperate zone to warm temperate and mid-subtropical zones, significant changes occurred in soil physicochemical properties, including decreases in soil organic matter and total nitrogen, along with a noticeable reduction in aboveground biomass. Moreover, the bacterial diversity in the soil decreased, and significant changes occurred in the community composition and structure. The dominant bacteria includedVerrucomicrobia,Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria, andActinobacteria, among whichVerrucomicrobia showed increased relative abundance after the soil transplantation to the warmer area Yingtan. Additionally, climatic factors were highly correlated with microbial community characteristics. The nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the bacterial community structure evolved with changes in temperature and precipitation and over time, which was related to the increased microbial species turnover rate. The species turnover rates of bacterial communities varied significantly under different temperature and precipitation conditions, following an increasing trend of Hailun (0.030) < Fengqiu (0.033) < Yingtan (0.045). [Conclusion] A six-year increase in temperature and precipitation significantly reduced the bacterial diversity, altered the bacterial community composition and structure, and accelerated the species turnover.

, correspAuthors=Yuting LIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*LIANG Yuting, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wen LYU, Xian XIAO, Haowei NI, Yuan ZHAO, Yuting LIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241377723310985315, articleId=1241377720379166762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=水热条件变化对黑土细菌群落结构的影响及其演替特征, columnId=1241377720484024369, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=土壤微生物与元素循环, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

全球气候变化导致的水热条件变化,对土壤微生物群落结构及功能产生重要影响。深入理解这些变化如何影响微生物群落的结构及其随时间的演替,对于有效预测和适应未来的气候变化至关重要。【目的】在气候变化背景下,本研究旨在探索黑土细菌群落的多样性、组成和结构,以及群落演替特征的变化情况。【方法】利用中国科学院海伦、封丘、鹰潭农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站长期土壤置换实验平台,选择寒温带地区(中国海伦)的黑土作为研究对象,并将其移置于暖温带地区(封丘)和中亚热带地区(鹰潭)以模拟水热条件增加。通过采集2005年至2011年的63个黑土样本(包括原位、移置封丘县和移置鹰潭市),利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术,研究了水热条件变化对黑土细菌群落多样性、组成和结构的影响;同时结合土壤理化性质,分析环境因素与微生物群落特征间的关系,并计算物种周转率(w)。【结果】经过6年的移置,将寒温带黑土移至暖温带和中亚热带后,土壤的理化性质发生了显著改变。土壤有机质和全氮含量显著降低,地上部生物量显著减少。土壤细菌群落的多样性下降,群落组成和结构发生了显著变化。主要细菌类群包括疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)等,其中疣微菌门在移置鹰潭地区后的相对丰度显著增加。此外,气候因子与微生物群落特征高度相关。非度量多维尺度分析显示,群落结构随水热条件和时间的变化而演替,这与微生物时间周转率的增加相关。在不同水热条件下,细菌群落的时间周转率差异显著,依次为0.030 (海伦) < 0.033 (封丘) < 0.045 (鹰潭)。【结论】6年的水热条件增加显著降低了细菌群落的多样性,显著改变了其组成和结构,并加快了细菌群落时间周转率的响应。

, correspAuthors=梁玉婷, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=w6PWziexihBkIMwvy6Mu0g==, magXml=W7mE0QtznuwmumavSYjo4Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=9PXBlN6WG6O3lNPPhFbOJw==, pdfFileSize=787211, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=lqrTeN6I4TgUKdY9/mgOfA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ai5ujyRWuYnbxMelvYgHWg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#These authors contributed equally to this work.

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responses to multiple experimental climate change drivers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241784895178080573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=27, issue=4, pageStart=991, pageEnd=1001, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=Functional Ecology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OHLBERGER J.Climate warming and ectotherm body size-from individual physiology to community ecology[J].Functional Ecology,2013,27(4):991-1001., articleTitle=Climate warming and ectotherm body size-from individual physiology to community ecology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241784895517819198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=36, issue=5, pageStart=402, pageEnd=410, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, 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microbial respiration predictable from evolutionary theory on thermal adaptation, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241784886248407325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, awardId=XDA28030102, language=EN, fundingSource=Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28030102), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241784886479094046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, awardId=XDA28030102, language=CN, fundingSource=中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28030102), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241784873841656032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241784873850044641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, companyId=1241784873841656032, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241784873866821858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, companyId=1241784873841656032, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 常州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏 常州 213164)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241784874089119971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241784874097508580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, companyId=1241784874089119971, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese 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A: Shannon diversity. B: Richness. TheP-value was calculated from the ANOVA., figureFileSmall=6zUCh3gsWrsIH0+myUfvgw==, figureFileBig=p2mGRg3Q/wUz7VDmGaidsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784882024743180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=CN, label=图1, caption=水热增加6年下黑土微生物分类多样性变化特征

A:香农多样性. B:丰富度

, figureFileSmall=6zUCh3gsWrsIH0+myUfvgw==, figureFileBig=p2mGRg3Q/wUz7VDmGaidsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784882129600781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Microbial phylogenetic diversities in mollisol soils under hydrothermal gradient within six years of soil displacement. TheP-value was calculated from the ANOVA., figureFileSmall=gSA7BsS4k/pOJv5x9OkUiA==, figureFileBig=QePui+hrz9xUGSQYa3iCHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784882205098254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=CN, label=图2, caption=水热增加6年下黑土微生物系统发育多样性变化特征, figureFileSmall=gSA7BsS4k/pOJv5x9OkUiA==, figureFileBig=QePui+hrz9xUGSQYa3iCHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784882301567247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Relative abundances of bacterial phylum in mollisol soils under hydrothermal gradient within six years of soil displacement. The significant difference was calculated byt-test.*:P < 0.05;***:P < 0.001. W1 means Warming 1; W2 means Warming 2., figureFileSmall=Beb7VAXjsHWI8Kqh67DziQ==, figureFileBig=QRsFTX2eBIx2jDILMxf0NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784882389647632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=CN, label=图3, caption=水热增加6年下黑土细菌门水平相对丰度图, figureFileSmall=Beb7VAXjsHWI8Kqh67DziQ==, figureFileBig=QRsFTX2eBIx2jDILMxf0NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784882523865361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination of bacterial communities in mollisol soils within six years of soil displacement., figureFileSmall=EdtVFVKQHMz9aPNmr4W2eg==, figureFileBig=UiNxTLRLzbEqyCK+kf/fLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784882821660946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=CN, label=图4, caption=水热增加6年下黑土细菌群落的非度量多维尺度分析, figureFileSmall=EdtVFVKQHMz9aPNmr4W2eg==, figureFileBig=UiNxTLRLzbEqyCK+kf/fLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784882926518547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Time-decay curves of bacterial communities in mollisol soils within six years of soil displacement., figureFileSmall=hYn3UxBGnDv5FnlLeB8vxg==, figureFileBig=hvbaxwFFA1Xk30q5g1pwxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784882997821716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=CN, label=图5, caption=水热增加6年下黑土细菌群落的时间-衰减曲线, figureFileSmall=hYn3UxBGnDv5FnlLeB8vxg==, figureFileBig=hvbaxwFFA1Xk30q5g1pwxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241784883056541973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The basic physical and chemical properties of mollisol soils before soil displacement.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemResults
SOM: Soil organic matter; TN: Total nitrogen; TP: Total phosphorus; TK: Total potassium; AP: Available phosphorus; AK: Available potassium; NH4+-N: Ammonium nitrogen; NO3-N: Nitrate nitrogen.
pH6.1±0.0
SOM (g/kg)53.0±0.6
TN (g/kg)2.5±0.1
TP (g/kg)0.3±0.1
TK (g/kg)13.6±0.2
AP (mg/kg)31.1±2.0
AK (mg/kg)150.1±12.1
NH4+-N (mg/kg)21.8±0.9
NO3-N (mg/kg)14.8±3.4
), ArticleFig(id=1241784883173982486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

黑土移置前的基本化学性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemResults
SOM: Soil organic matter; TN: Total nitrogen; TP: Total phosphorus; TK: Total potassium; AP: Available phosphorus; AK: Available potassium; NH4+-N: Ammonium nitrogen; NO3-N: Nitrate nitrogen.
pH6.1±0.0
SOM (g/kg)53.0±0.6
TN (g/kg)2.5±0.1
TP (g/kg)0.3±0.1
TK (g/kg)13.6±0.2
AP (mg/kg)31.1±2.0
AK (mg/kg)150.1±12.1
NH4+-N (mg/kg)21.8±0.9
NO3-N (mg/kg)14.8±3.4
), ArticleFig(id=1241784883484360983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Changes of soil physicochemical properties and aboveground biomass

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SitesClimatic variablesSoil geochemical variablesAboveground biomass
MAT (℃)MAP (cm)pHSOM (g/kg)TN (g/kg)TP (g/kg)NO3−N (mg/kg)AP (mg/kg)Yield (kg/hm2)Straw (kg/hm2)
MAP: Mean annual precipitation; MAT: Mean annual temperature; SOM: Soil organic matter; TN: Total nitrogen; TP: Total phosphorus; NO3--N: Nitrate nitrogen; AP: Available phosphorus; Yield: Grain yield; Straw: Straw weight. Data were represented by mean ± standard deviation, and significance results were obtained byt-test.* indicates that Warming 1 and Warming 2 are significantly different fromIn situ.*:P < 0.05;**:P < 0.01;***:P < 0.001.
In situ2.8±0.8560±585.82±0.2051.50±1.862.20±0.230.92±0.1023.47±3.9242.29±7.2812 513± 1 95015 336± 2 137
Warming 115.8±0.3***670±62***6.34±0.40***48.77±0.69***1.99±0.21**0.86±0.04*15.53±4.66*34.96±4.729 245± 1 812*11 584± 676***
Warming 218.3±0.5***1649±436***5.78±0.2245.05±1.52***1.98±0.21**0.85±0.06*6.33±3.40***31.09±3.22*8 786± 868***11 086± 503***
), ArticleFig(id=1241784885170471192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同水热条件下土壤理化属性与地上生物量的变化情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SitesClimatic variablesSoil geochemical variablesAboveground biomass
MAT (℃)MAP (cm)pHSOM (g/kg)TN (g/kg)TP (g/kg)NO3−N (mg/kg)AP (mg/kg)Yield (kg/hm2)Straw (kg/hm2)
MAP: Mean annual precipitation; MAT: Mean annual temperature; SOM: Soil organic matter; TN: Total nitrogen; TP: Total phosphorus; NO3--N: Nitrate nitrogen; AP: Available phosphorus; Yield: Grain yield; Straw: Straw weight. Data were represented by mean ± standard deviation, and significance results were obtained byt-test.* indicates that Warming 1 and Warming 2 are significantly different fromIn situ.*:P < 0.05;**:P < 0.01;***:P < 0.001.
In situ2.8±0.8560±585.82±0.2051.50±1.862.20±0.230.92±0.1023.47±3.9242.29±7.2812 513± 1 95015 336± 2 137
Warming 115.8±0.3***670±62***6.34±0.40***48.77±0.69***1.99±0.21**0.86±0.04*15.53±4.66*34.96±4.729 245± 1 812*11 584± 676***
Warming 218.3±0.5***1649±436***5.78±0.2245.05±1.52***1.98±0.21**0.85±0.06*6.33±3.40***31.09±3.22*8 786± 868***11 086± 503***
), ArticleFig(id=1241784885283717401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Temporal turnover (w values) of bacterial communities among different phylogenetic groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Microorganism groupsIn situWarming 1Warming 2
wPwPwP
The values in bold in the table indicate significant atP=0.05 level.
Verrucomicrobia0.051< 0.0010.0210.0010.0100.352
Proteobacteria0.0180.0030.033< 0.0010.062< 0.001
Acidobacteria0.026< 0.0010.036< 0.0010.0340.001
Actinobacteria0.028< 0.0010.0150.0110.029< 0.001
Planctomycetes0.017< 0.0010.034< 0.0010.061< 0.001
WPS-10.0250.0020.0180.0300.0350.001
Chloroflexi0.0160.0010.0180.0100.040< 0.001
Firmicutes0.0200.0260.0130.0830.0160.196
Gemmatimonadetes0.024< 0.0010.031< 0.0010.055< 0.001
Bacteroidetes0.024< 0.0010.066< 0.0010.083< 0.001
Latescibacteria0.040< 0.0010.036< 0.0010.0200.181
Nitrospirae0.0130.0740.0160.0130.0010.946
), ArticleFig(id=1241784885560541466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

水热增加下黑土细菌各类群的时间周转(w值)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Microorganism groupsIn situWarming 1Warming 2
wPwPwP
The values in bold in the table indicate significant atP=0.05 level.
Verrucomicrobia0.051< 0.0010.0210.0010.0100.352
Proteobacteria0.0180.0030.033< 0.0010.062< 0.001
Acidobacteria0.026< 0.0010.036< 0.0010.0340.001
Actinobacteria0.028< 0.0010.0150.0110.029< 0.001
Planctomycetes0.017< 0.0010.034< 0.0010.061< 0.001
WPS-10.0250.0020.0180.0300.0350.001
Chloroflexi0.0160.0010.0180.0100.040< 0.001
Firmicutes0.0200.0260.0130.0830.0160.196
Gemmatimonadetes0.024< 0.0010.031< 0.0010.055< 0.001
Bacteroidetes0.024< 0.0010.066< 0.0010.083< 0.001
Latescibacteria0.040< 0.0010.036< 0.0010.0200.181
Nitrospirae0.0130.0740.0160.0130.0010.946
), ArticleFig(id=1241784885652816155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Pearson correlation analyses between bacterial community and environmental factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Diversity indexClimatic variablesAboveground biomassSoil geochemical variables
MAPMATYieldStrawpHSOMTNTPNO3-NAP
Only the correlation coefficients are listed in the table (P < 0.05).*:P < 0.05;**:P < 0.01;***:P < 0.001. − indicates that the correlation coefficient is not significant.
Shannon diversity−0.70***−0.65***0.26*0.30*0.44**0.33*0.53***0.31*
Richness−0.72***−0.63***0.47***0.50***0.49**0.42**0.57***
Community composition0.82***0.79***−0.24**−0.27**−0.58***−0.62***−0.46***
), ArticleFig(id=1241784885745090844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720379166762, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

土壤微生物群落组成及多样性与环境因子的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Diversity indexClimatic variablesAboveground biomassSoil geochemical variables
MAPMATYieldStrawpHSOMTNTPNO3-NAP
Only the correlation coefficients are listed in the table (P < 0.05).*:P < 0.05;**:P < 0.01;***:P < 0.001. − indicates that the correlation coefficient is not significant.
Shannon diversity−0.70***−0.65***0.26*0.30*0.44**0.33*0.53***0.31*
Richness−0.72***−0.63***0.47***0.50***0.49**0.42**0.57***
Community composition0.82***0.79***−0.24**−0.27**−0.58***−0.62***−0.46***
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水热条件变化对黑土细菌群落结构的影响及其演替特征
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吕雯 1, 2, # , 肖娴 1, # , 倪浩为 2 , 赵远 1 , 梁玉婷 2, *
微生物学报 | 土壤微生物与元素循环 2024,64(6): 1766-1778
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微生物学报 | 土壤微生物与元素循环 2024, 64(6): 1766-1778
水热条件变化对黑土细菌群落结构的影响及其演替特征
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吕雯1, 2, #, 肖娴1, #, 倪浩为2, 赵远1, 梁玉婷2, *
作者信息
  • 1 常州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏 常州 213164
  • 2 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210008
Adaptive patterns of bacterial communities under increased temperature and precipitation associated with soil displacement
Wen LYU1, 2, Xian XIAO1, Haowei NI2, Yuan ZHAO1, Yuting LIANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
出版时间: 2024-06-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240050
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全球气候变化导致的水热条件变化,对土壤微生物群落结构及功能产生重要影响。深入理解这些变化如何影响微生物群落的结构及其随时间的演替,对于有效预测和适应未来的气候变化至关重要。【目的】在气候变化背景下,本研究旨在探索黑土细菌群落的多样性、组成和结构,以及群落演替特征的变化情况。【方法】利用中国科学院海伦、封丘、鹰潭农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站长期土壤置换实验平台,选择寒温带地区(中国海伦)的黑土作为研究对象,并将其移置于暖温带地区(封丘)和中亚热带地区(鹰潭)以模拟水热条件增加。通过采集2005年至2011年的63个黑土样本(包括原位、移置封丘县和移置鹰潭市),利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术,研究了水热条件变化对黑土细菌群落多样性、组成和结构的影响;同时结合土壤理化性质,分析环境因素与微生物群落特征间的关系,并计算物种周转率(w)。【结果】经过6年的移置,将寒温带黑土移至暖温带和中亚热带后,土壤的理化性质发生了显著改变。土壤有机质和全氮含量显著降低,地上部生物量显著减少。土壤细菌群落的多样性下降,群落组成和结构发生了显著变化。主要细菌类群包括疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)等,其中疣微菌门在移置鹰潭地区后的相对丰度显著增加。此外,气候因子与微生物群落特征高度相关。非度量多维尺度分析显示,群落结构随水热条件和时间的变化而演替,这与微生物时间周转率的增加相关。在不同水热条件下,细菌群落的时间周转率差异显著,依次为0.030 (海伦) < 0.033 (封丘) < 0.045 (鹰潭)。【结论】6年的水热条件增加显著降低了细菌群落的多样性,显著改变了其组成和结构,并加快了细菌群落时间周转率的响应。

水热增加  /  土壤置换实验  /  细菌群落  /  群落演替  /  黑土

The temperature and precipitation variations caused by global climate change have profoundly impacted soil microbial communities. Understanding the impacts of the variations on the structure and function of microbial communities over time is crucial for predicting and adapting to future climate changes. [Objective] To explore the variations in the diversity, composition, structure, and succession of bacterial communities in mollisol soil in the context of climate change. [Methods] Based on a long-term soil transplantation experiment platform of Hailun, Fengqiu and Yingtan Agroecosystem Field Experiment Stations of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, we translocated the mollisol soil from a cold-temperate region (Hailun) to a warm-temperate region (Fengqiu) and a mid-subtropical region (Yingtan) to simulate the increasing conditions of temperature and precipitation. We collected 63 mollisol soil samples from Hailun, Fengqiu, and Yingtan during 2005–2011. We employed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to study the diversity, composition, and structure of soil bacterial communities under different temperature and precipitation conditions. With consideration to the soil physicochemical properties, we analyzed the relationship between environmental factors and microbial community characteristics and calculated the species turnover rate. [Results] After six years of transplantation of the mollisol soil from the cold temperate zone to warm temperate and mid-subtropical zones, significant changes occurred in soil physicochemical properties, including decreases in soil organic matter and total nitrogen, along with a noticeable reduction in aboveground biomass. Moreover, the bacterial diversity in the soil decreased, and significant changes occurred in the community composition and structure. The dominant bacteria includedVerrucomicrobia,Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria, andActinobacteria, among whichVerrucomicrobia showed increased relative abundance after the soil transplantation to the warmer area Yingtan. Additionally, climatic factors were highly correlated with microbial community characteristics. The nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the bacterial community structure evolved with changes in temperature and precipitation and over time, which was related to the increased microbial species turnover rate. The species turnover rates of bacterial communities varied significantly under different temperature and precipitation conditions, following an increasing trend of Hailun (0.030) < Fengqiu (0.033) < Yingtan (0.045). [Conclusion] A six-year increase in temperature and precipitation significantly reduced the bacterial diversity, altered the bacterial community composition and structure, and accelerated the species turnover.

increased temperature and precipitation  /  soil transplantation experiment  /  bacterial community  /  community succession  /  mollisol soil
吕雯, 肖娴, 倪浩为, 赵远, 梁玉婷. 水热条件变化对黑土细菌群落结构的影响及其演替特征. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (6) : 1766 -1778 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240050
Wen LYU, Xian XIAO, Haowei NI, Yuan ZHAO, Yuting LIANG. Adaptive patterns of bacterial communities under increased temperature and precipitation associated with soil displacement[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (6) : 1766 -1778 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240050
生物多样性正面临着诸多挑战,气候变化尤为突出。温度和降雨被广泛认为是导致生物多样性损失的关键因素[1]。例如,全球范围内对78个旱地的研究揭示了降雨对土壤微生物多样性具体的关键作用[2],而不同海拔的干旱指数则显著影响了微生物群落的组成[3]。此外,温度作为关键的气候因素,不仅塑造了土壤微生物多样性的地理分布格局[4],还直接影响微生物在个体水平上的代谢速率、生长速率,以及分子水平上的进化速率[5-7]。特别地,土壤温度作为重要的土壤环境因素,对土壤微生物的活动和分布具有直接和间接的影响。土壤温度变化可以影响土壤水分的蒸发和运动,进而影响土壤微生物对水和养分的获取[8]。同时,土壤温度的变化还能通过影响微生物代谢活动的速率和土壤有机物的分解速度来间接影响微生物群落的结构和功能[9]。因此,深入理解气候因子对微生物群落多样性的影响对于揭示微生物多样性模式及其响应环境变化的机制至关重要。
物种时间更替是生态学中的一个关键概念,对于理解生态系统对环境变化的响应尤为重要。该概念最初由MacArthur和Wilson在1967年提出[10],并由O’Keeffe在2004年和Hatosy等在2013年进一步发展[11-12],涉及一定时间内生态系统中物种的淘汰和取代数量。物种时间更替有助于理解生态系统的动态性和稳定性。Nekola和White在1999年提出了时间-衰减模型来定量描述生态群落中物种组成随时间的变化情况[13]。值得注意的是,物种时间更替率受多种因素影响,包括生态系统的类型[14]、环境条件[15]以及研究的时间尺度[12]。这些因素可能导致不同生态系统中时间更替率的显著差异。尽管植物和动物群落的时间更替已经得到了广泛研究,但与之相比,微生物群落的时间更替信息却相对较少。这是由于微生物群落的动态变化往往更加迅速且复杂,尤其是在环境多因素变化下。多数研究(在时间尺度上从数分钟到数月不等)利用时间-衰减关系模型以验证微生物群体集聚与动态变化的理论预测,但长期性的研究依然不足[16-17]
在此背景下,土壤置换实验被视为一种直观有效的方法,用于模拟在自然条件下微生物群落对各种环境因素综合变化的响应[18-21]。在本研究中,基于长期土壤置换实验平台选择黑土作为研究对象,并将寒温带地区的黑土(海伦)置换到暖温带地区(封丘)和中亚热带地区(鹰潭)。这一独特的实验设计使我们能够分析在水热增加条件下微生物群落结构及其演替特征。深入了解气候变化对土壤微生物群落时间更替的影响,对理解全球气候变化对土壤微生物多样性和生态功能的影响具有重要意义。
本研究基于中国东部南北样带(north-south transect of eastern China, NSTEC)中国科学院海伦、封丘、鹰潭农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,开展了长期土壤置换实验(2005年至2011年)。该实验涵盖了3个不同气候区域:黑龙江省海伦市(126°38′E, 47°26′N)的寒温带季风气候,年均温3 ℃,年均降雨550 mm;河南省封丘县潘店乡(114°24′E, 35°00′N)的暖温带半干旱、半湿润的季风气候,年均温13.9 ℃,年均降雨605 mm;江西省鹰潭市余江区刘家站(116°55′E, 28°15′N)的中亚热带湿润季风气候,年均温17.6 ℃,年均降雨1 795 mm。这3个站点代表的土壤类型分别为东北松嫩平原黄土母质发育而成的黑土、黄淮海平原黄河冲积物发育的潮土和南方丘陵区第四纪红黏土发育的红壤。移置前3种土壤均来自长期旱地耕作的农田,具有超过20年的耕作历史,并在移置前后维持相同的作物轮作制度。
2005年10月,采集这3种土壤的剖面(每层20 cm深,1.2 m宽×1.4 m长×1 m深)。每层土壤混匀后装袋运输到海伦、封丘和鹰潭试验站,并按原来的土层顺序填装到试验小区的砖砌水泥池中。每个小区隔墙厚20 cm,露出地表20 cm,底部铺石英砂,内壁覆盖防水布。从2006年开始每年种植1季玉米,品种为海育6号(海伦),郑单958 (封丘)和澄海11号(鹰潭),施肥量为N 150 kg/hm2、P2O5 75 kg/hm2、K2O 60 kg/hm2,肥料分别为尿素、(NH4)2HPO4和KCl,雨养不灌溉,人工定期除草,种植前条施底肥(1/2氮肥、全部磷肥和钾肥),玉米大喇叭口期追施尿素(1/2氮肥)。
本研究选择以土壤置换实验中的黑土作为研究对象,即海伦黑土以及分别移置到封丘黑土和鹰潭黑土。土壤移置前的黑土初始基本理化性质如表1所示。本研究中将原位的海伦黑土简称为原位(In situ),南移至封丘的黑土称为水热增加1 (Warming 1),南移至鹰潭的黑土称为水热增加2 (Warming 2)。采集2005−2011年的土壤样本,于每年的玉米收获后2 d内采集,一共采集7年,每年在3个站点各进行3次重复采样,共计63个样本。采样时,使用不锈钢土钻(2 cm)按“S”形在微区表层15 cm耕层采集500 g土壤,混合后采用四分法留取实验用土量,将其装入无菌密封塑料袋中,并于4 ℃下冷藏运回实验室。去除石块和根系后,一部分土样风干后进行理化性质分析,另一部分保存于−80 ℃冰箱内以备测定生物指标。
针对每个小区,表层0−15 cm的土壤总质量约为378 kg。这个总量基于每块小区1.68 m2面积和土壤密度1.5 g/cm3估算得到。因此,从2005年至2011年,每年采集的土样量500 g,7年累计采集量为3.5 kg,占原位0−15 cm土层总质量的约0.93%。尽管每年进行土样采集,但所取样本量仅占表层土壤总质量的极小比例,从而确保了土壤采样对表层土壤的整体结构和功能的影响最小。
根据常规农业化学分析方法对土壤的化学性质进行了分析[22]。其中,土壤pH通过将10 g干土与去离子水按2.5:1的比例混合后,快速搅拌1 min并静置30 min,随后使用玻璃电极进行测定;土壤有机质(soil organic matter, SOM)采用重铬酸钾容量法测定,该方法需要使用0.5 g干土样;全氮(total nitrogen, TN)测定采用半微量开氏法,使用0.2 g干土样进行分析;全磷(total phosphorus, TP)采用碳酸钠熔融法,而速效磷(available phosphorus, AP)测定采用Olsen-P法,钼锑抗比色测定,分别需要0.5 g干土和2.5 g干土样;土壤硝态氮(nitrate nitrogen, NO3-N)和土壤铵态氮(ammonium nitrogen, NH4+-N)用中性盐(KCl)浸提后,利用连续流动分析仪(Skalar SAN++ System)测定,此过程需要10 g湿土样。全钾(total potassium, TK)和速效钾(available potassium, AK)分别用氢氧化钠和醋酸铵作为提取剂,随后通过火焰分光光度法进行分析,每项测定均需要0.5 g干土样。
提取63个样品的微生物组总DNA。提取过程采用MoBio的强力土壤DNA提取试剂盒(PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit,南京有晴生物科技有限公司),按照生产商提供的指导手册,从0.6 g混合土壤样品中提取DNA。提取到的DNA通过NanoDrop [赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司]进行浓度和纯度的测定,确保DNA的质量满足以下标准:浓度≥20 ng/μL,总量≥500 ng,OD260/OD280为1.8−2.0。所提取的DNA被保存在−80 ℃以供后续使用。
为了对土壤细菌群落进行分类分析,本研究使用了Illumina HiSeq台式测序仪进行测序。聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增是由GeneAmp (应用生物系统公司)执行,PCR反应体系:5×FastPfu Buffer 4 μL,每种引物(5 μmol/L) 0.8 μL,dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L) 2 μL,模板DNA 2 μL,FastPfu聚合酶(2.5 units/μL) 4 μL。利用PCR扩增对细菌16S rRNA基因的V4−V5高变异区进行特异性扩增,使用正向引物515F (5′-GTGCCAGCMGC CGCGG-3′)和反向引物907R (5′-CCGTCAATTC MTTTRAGTTT-3′)。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性2 min;95 ℃变性20 s,55 ℃退火40 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,35个循环;72 ℃延伸10 min。
每个样品独立进行3次扩增,并通过2.0%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检查扩增产物,随后合并同一样品的所有PCR产物。合并的混合物通过Agencourt AMPure XP Kit (贝克曼库尔特有限公司)进行纯化,纯化后的产物进行16S rRNA基因高通量测序文库的索引。利用Qubit Fluorometer [赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司]和Bioanalyzer(安捷伦科技有限公司)系统评估文库的质量。这些汇集的文库通过Illumina HiSeq测序仪进行测序,产生2×250 bp的成对末端读数。
原始读数经过质量控制和处理,具体步骤如下:(1) 使用TrimGalore截断平均质量分数 < 20的原始读数,去除被适配器污染和小于100 bp的读数;(2) 通过FLASH (v1.2.11)进行短读数的快速长度调整;(3) 使用Mothur去除含模糊碱基(N碱基)的读数和超过6 bp的同源物读数;(4) 去除低复杂度的读数。经过嵌合检查和去嵌合处理后,剩余的独特读数通过与gold.fa数据库(http://drive5.com/uchime/gold.fa)比对进行嵌合检查,并使用QIIME 2以97%相似度下聚类为操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)。OTUs的分类分配基于核糖体数据库项目的分类器,最低置信度设定为70%[23],并使用SILVA数据库(138版,https://www.arb-silva.de/)进行分类分配[24]
相关性分析、方差分析(analysis of variance, ANOVA)和线性回归分析均采用R语言软件(v4.0.2)进行。相关性分析采用了Pearson相关法,而方差分析的事后检验则使用了Duncan新复极差法进行了显著性的验证。此外,基于对数化的时间(即年份,含初始年份共7年数据)与对数化的微生物群落结构相似性(vegan包计算得到)构建了线性回归模型。我们将该模型的回归系数定义为微生物时间周转率(w)。我们还对微生物群落进行了深入分析,包括微生物群落的α多样性指数(即Shannon指数和物种丰富度)、非度量多维尺度分析(non-metric multidimensional scale analysis, NMDS)和置换多元方差分析(permutational multivariate ANOVA, perMANOVA)。所有的统计分析和图表的制作均借助于R软件(v4.0.2)中的vegan和ggplot2数据包。此外,对微生物群落的系统发育多样性进行了分析,该分析是基于所有操作分类单位(OTU)的代表序列。这些序列是通过Mothur软件进行分析得到的,相关信息可以在(https://www.mothur.org/wiki/MiSeq_SOP#Phylogeny-based_analysis)找到。系统发育多样性旨在计算一个或多个样本的总系统发育分支长度,这反映了每个物种在各群落或者区域中的相对出现程度(通过R包picante中pd函数计算得到)。MiSeq测序数据可以在(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/)获取,其中MiSeq数据的编号为SRP069263。
经过6年的置换实验,将In situ的黑土分别移置到水热增加条件Warming 1和Warming 2后,本研究对这些黑土在In situ及两种水热条件Warming 1和Warming 2下的地上生物量和土壤理化性质的变化进行了统计分析(表2)。结果表明,在移置到Warming 1的6年后,除了AP指标外,大部分土壤理化性质均发生了显著的变化。具体而言,土壤pH从5.82升至6.34,SOM从51.50 g/kg下降至48.77 g/kg;同时,地上生物量也显著下降,从15 336 kg/hm2减少到11 584 kg/hm2 (P < 0.001)。在水热条件更加丰富的Warming 2条件下,尽管pH值未发生显著变化,但其他土壤理化指标的下降幅度更为显著,如SOM含量下降至45.05 g/kg (P < 0.001)。地上部生物量的减少同样更为显著,下降至11 086 kg/hm2 (P < 0.001)。结果表明,黑土从In situ移置到Warming 1和Warming 2条件下6年后,其理化性质和地上部生物量均发生显著变化。
进一步分析了In situ、Warming 1和Warming 2下黑土微生物群落的多样性(图1)。随着水热条件梯度的增加,微生物群落的分类多样性呈现下降趋势。具体来说,相较于In situ,微生物群落的分类多样性指数在移置后显著下降。在In situ条件下,多样性指数范围为4.57−5.84。南移至Warming 1条件下后,多样性指数范围降低为4.54−5.35 (P=0.002),而在进一步南移至更温暖的Warming 2条件后,多样性指数进一步降低为3.85−4.41 (P < 0.001)。此外,微生物物种的丰富度同样显示出相似的下降趋势,从In situ的921−1 186,降低至Warming 1的884−1 147,再进一步降至Warming 2的696−879 (P < 0.001)。结果表明,随着移置环境水热条件的增加,土壤微生物群落的分类多样性和物种丰富度均显著下降。
尽管微生物系统发育多样性与分类多样性的变化趋势略有不同(图2)。分析结果表明,微生物系统发育多样性的显著降低仅在黑土被南移至更温暖的Warming 2条件下观察到(P < 0.001),下降幅度约为20.0%。这一降低幅度与黑土被南移至同一气候带时分类多样性损失的幅度相近(20.1%)。虽然物种多样性与系统发育多样性在移置后表现出略有不同的变化趋势,但相关性分析结果显示,二者之间存在极为显著的正相关关系(r=0.81,P < 0.001)。值得注意的是,即使在控制气候因子的影响之后,这种显著的正相关关系依然存在(r=0.62,P < 0.001)。
土壤移置不仅对微生物群落的多样性产生了影响,而且还改变了微生物群落的组成结构(图3)。通过分析土壤微生物类群的相对丰度,结果表明,疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)及放线菌门(Actinobacteria)是黑土中主要的细菌类群。与In situ相比,黑土被移置到更温暖的Warming 2条件下后,这些微生物类群的相对丰度发生显著变化。主要表现为疣微菌门相对丰度显著增加(P < 0.001),而芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes) (P < 0.001)与绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)相对丰度显著降低(P < 0.05)。总体而言,黑土被移置到Warming 1条件下4年后,微生物群落的相对丰度开始表现出显著的变化趋势;而在移置到Warming 2条件下的第一年内,微生物类群的相对丰度已经发生了显著变化。
通过非度量多维尺度分析对细菌群落进行评估,结果发现水热条件的变化对黑土微生物群落在OTU水平上的结构产生了显著影响(图4)。在土壤置换实验开始前(2005年),微生物群落的结构表现出较高的聚集程度。然而,随着土壤移置年份的增加,群落间的差异性逐渐增大,表明不同环境条件下微生物群落的结构开始呈现分化趋势。此外,随着不同水热梯度的变化,微生物群落的结构也表现出逐步的演替规律,表明环境因素在塑造微生物群落结构方面起着关键作用。通过perMANOVA分析进一步证实了这一发现,结果显示出群落结构随水热梯度的变化存在显著差异(P=0.001)。
为了进一步探究土壤细菌群落结构随时间演替的关系,本研究采用线性回归模型分析土壤移置时间与微生物群落结构相似性之间的关系,即时间-衰减关系(图5)。分析结果表明,在3种不同水热条件下,黑土中的微生物群落均表现出显著的时间-衰减关系(P < 0.001),即随着土壤移置时间的增加,微生物群落之间的相似性逐渐降低。时间-衰减曲线的回归系数被定义为微生物群落的时间周转(w),我们进一步量化了这一动态变化。在In situ条件下,微生物群落的时间周转为0.030。当黑土被南移到不同的气候条件下,如暖温带(Warming 1)和中亚热带(Warming 2)时,微生物群落的时间周转率分别增加至0.033和0.045。
在评估土壤中主要细菌类群的时间-衰减关系时(表3),本研究发现在In situ、Warming 1、Warming 2条件下,细菌在门类水平上的平均周转率分别为0.025±0.011、0.028±0.015以及0.037±0.024。这些结果表明,不同细菌门类之间的时间周转率存在显著差异,而且随着土壤向南移置,大部分的细菌门类的时间周转率呈现增加趋势,尤其是变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)等。特别地,拟杆菌门、变形菌门、浮霉菌门对水热条件的增加更为敏感。尽管酸杆菌门表现出了显著的时间-衰减关系,但其对水热条件改变的响应却并不明显。
为了探究微生物群落变化与环境因子之间的潜在关系,本研究进一步分析了土壤微生物群落组成(以NMDS轴1的坐标表征)及分类多样性(Shannon指数)与气候因素、地上生物量和土壤理化性质的Pearson相关性(表4)。相关性分析结果显示,气候因子(年均温和年降雨量)、地上生物量(产量和秸秆生物量)分别与微生物群落多样性(分类多样性指数、物种丰富度指数和群落结构)之间存在显著的相关性。具体而言,土壤pH与微生物群落指标之间无显著的相关性,而SOM与微生物群落的分类多样性之间存在显著的正相关,与群落结构存在显著的负相关。此外,土壤中的有效养分指标(NO3-N、AP)与微生物群落指标之间均存在显著的相关性。综合来看,气候因子与微生物群落指标之间的相关性最高,这意味着气候条件在塑造微生物群落结构方面起着重要作用。同时,地上生物量和土壤的理化性质对微生物群落指标的影响也不容忽视,微生物群落的动态变化可能是气候因素、土壤环境和地上部作物的综合影响。
深入理解微生物群落在水热变化条件下的适应机制对于准确预测全球气候变化情景下生态系统结构与功能演替规律至关重要。在此背景下,基于土壤置换实验的研究为理解这些适应机制提供了关键的视角。研究结果发现,在土壤移置到更温暖的气候条件下,温度成为土壤微生物多样性减少的关键因素。具体而言,随着年均温升高10.9 ℃和14.6 ℃时,土壤微生物的分类多样性及系统发育多样性均显著下降。这一下降在移置到水热增加Warming 1和Warming 2条件下的第二年就变得显著,尤其是在移置到水热条件更丰富的Warming 2条件下,分类多样性下降更为显著。此外,已有研究指出,微生物在面临极端的环境变化或者扰动时,温度是导致微生物分类多样性显著降低的核心驱动因素[20,25]。然而,结果显示,只有当土壤移置到更温暖的Warming 2条件下,系统发育多样性才显著降低。这意味着系统发育多样性受到相关物种之间的相互关系以及群落中的物种丰富度的影响[26]。因此,不同水热增加条件下,系统发育多样性对环境变化的响应方式揭示了当地的物种丰富度在影响系统发育多样性形成中发挥作用。值得注意的是,根据现有的研究结果,由气候变化引起的土壤微生物多样性的损失在6年的时间尺度上似乎是不可逆转的。与之前的研究结果相比,后者发现气候变化造成的持续干扰可能导致长期的恢复失败,即土壤移置二十年后,移置的土壤微生物群落比原位的土壤微生物群落更接近于当地土壤中的微生物群落[27]。因此,对于气候变化导致的土壤微生物群落是否可恢复,需要更长期的观测和通过移回实验来研究土壤微生物对气候变化的抗性和恢复力。
土壤置换实验的结果揭示了气候变化,特别是降雨的改变,对黑土微生物群落结构产生重大影响。降雨量的变化直接调节了土壤的水分状况,进而影响了土壤微环境,这对土壤微生物群落的组成产生了间接的影响。具体而言,降雨量的增减影响了地表植物残体的分解速率及其产生的凋落物的量和质[28],从而影响了土壤微生物可利用的营养资源,进一步导致微生物群落组成的变化。此外,研究还观察到,降雨量的变化不仅间接通过改变地表植被的生长状况影响土壤微生物群落,而且还通过直接改变土壤的理化性质,如SOM、TN、土壤pH、TP和AP等,进一步影响微生物群落的结构和功能。在水热增加Warming 1和Warming 2条件下,地上部生物量的降低可能反映了由于温度升高导致的水分胁迫增强,这强调了水分在调节土壤微生物群落结构中的关键作用。综上所述,降雨量的改变通过直接和间接的多种机制影响黑土细菌群落的组成和功能,涉及土壤的水分条件和理化性质的改变,以及对地表植被和土壤有机物的分解过程的影响。这些发现强调了,在全球气候变化背景下,深入理解降雨等气候因子对土壤微生物群落结构的影响,对于预测和维护土壤生态系统的健康和生产力具有重要意义。
本研究基于土壤置换实验,揭示了气候因子对微生物群落的即时影响,而凋落物对群落结构的改变往往需要更长的时间(滞后效应)。相关性分析表明,在跨气候带黑土移置的实验中,温度是改变群落结构最关键的气候因子,尽管降雨量也对群落结构产生了显著影响。大量的研究结果表明,温度直接改变群落个体水平上的生理速率[7,29-31]。我们以河南潮土的置换实验为例,详细探讨了跨气候变化带移置对土壤微生物群落的时间周转率的影响[25]。研究发现,原位的潮土微生物群落显示出最低的时间周转(w=0.040),向北移置的微生物群落时间周转相对较高(w=0.058),而向南置换的时间周转最高(w=0.094)[25]。这些结果表明,微生物群落的时间周转率与温度变化直接相关。黑土的置换实验得到相似的结论,原位时微生物群落的时间周转率最低(w=0.030),南移至Warming 1后时间周转有所升高(w=0.033),而南移至Warming 2后的时间周转最高(w=0.045)。据此推测,土壤移置后,微生物群落暴露在它们没有/很少经历过的新的水热条件,这些条件可能超出其原有的适应范围,导致群落水平上的时间周转率迅速改变,进而潜在地影响微生物群落的结构。
本研究揭示了经过6年移置后,水热条件的增加引起的土壤理化性质显著变化,不仅极大地影响了微生物群落的多样性和组成结构,而且加速了细菌群落的时间周转率目前这些观察结果主要基于16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术,反映了细菌的相对丰度变化。为了进一步验证这些发现,未来研究中应采用qPCR或16S rRNA基因绝对定量测序技术进行更准确的定量分析。此外,需要进一步探讨施肥与否以及与气候变化的相互作用对土壤微生物群落的长期影响,这将有助于全面地理解微生物群落的响应机制,并对农业管理实践提供指导。尽管本研究侧重于细菌多样性及其对土壤元素循环的作用,但未来的研究应更全面地考虑包括古菌、真菌等其他微生物群体,以及土壤动物等更高营养级别生物作用,从而深入理解这些生物多样性对生态系统功能多样性的整体影响。
综上所述,本研究通过在不同水热条件下进行为期6年的土壤置换实验,将寒温带的黑土移置到暖温带及中亚热带,首先观察到土壤理化性质的显著变化。如SOM和TN等关键养分含量显著降低,地上生物量也显著减少。此外,利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术,深入分析了土壤细菌群落的多样性、组成和结构变化。结果表明,细菌群落的多样性显著降低,群落结构也显著改变,主要的细菌群落包括疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)等。随着水热条件的增加,这些细菌群落在分类多样性和系统发育多样性上均显著下降,尤其在水热条件较丰富的鹰潭地区(Warming 2)。非度量多维尺度(NMDS)分析进一步揭示了微生物群落结构随水热条件和移置时间的变化逐渐演替,这可能与微生物群落的时间周转率增加有关。在In situ、Warming 1、Warming 2条件下,微生物群落的时间周转率分别为0.030、0.033、0.045,这表明水热条件越丰富的地区,细菌群落的时间周转率更快。最后,相关性分析强调了气候因子(如年均温、年降雨量)与微生物群落指标之间存在显著的相关性,其中温度与微生物群落指标之间的相关性最为显著。这些发现强调了土壤理化性质的变化以及气候因素,特别是温度,对于塑造微生物群落的动态变化和时间周转率具有重要的影响。本研究结果为理解土壤微生物群落在全球变暖背景下的响应机制提供了新的视角,对未来的土壤管理和生态保护提供了科学依据。
  • 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28030102)
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2024年第64卷第6期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240050
  • 接收时间:2024-01-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-06-04
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-18
  • 录用日期:2024-03-29
基金
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28030102)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28030102)
作者信息
    1 常州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏 常州 213164
    2 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210008

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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