Article(id=1241377720001679391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241377719049572379, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230810, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1703865600000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1715270400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-05-10, onlineDate=1773897112131, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1717430400000, pubDateStr=2024-06-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773897112131, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773897112131, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897112131, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241377719049572379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='6', pageStart='1691', pageEnd='2143', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773897111904, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897665313, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241380040286458828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241377719049572379, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241380040286458829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241377719049572379, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1747, endPage=1765, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241377720400138284, articleId=1241377720001679391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Physicochemical properties and fungal community characteristics of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils ofHippophae rhamnoides in Pisha sandstone area of Inner Mongolia, columnId=1241377720337223717, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Soil Microbiome Involved in Element Cycling, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To compare the physicochemical properties and fungal community characteristics between rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil ofHippophae rhamnoides growing for different years in Pisha sandstone area of Inner Mongolia. [Methods] A total of 12 rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the Pisha sandstone area of Ordos. Chemical methods were used to analyze soil physicochemical properties, and the fungal community composition in soil was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The correlations between fungal community characteristics and soil properties were analyzed. [Results] Total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK), organic matter (OM), and electrical conductivity (EC) of rhizosphere soil were higher than those of non-rhizosphere soil (P < 0.05). Soil moisture content (SMC) increased as the planting years increased (P < 0.05). The fungal richness and diversity in rhizosphere soil were higher than those in non-rhizosphere.Ascomycota andMortierellomycota were the common dominant phyla in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil, andMortierella,Penicillium, andAspergillus were the common dominant genera. The key fungal groups in non-rhizosphere soil and rhizosphere soil wereMortierella andGibberella, respectively. The redundancy analysis showed that OM was a key soil factor affecting the soil fungal distribution.Mortierella was correlated with OM, AN, and total potassium (TK) (P < 0.05).Gibberella was correlated with AN, OM, and EC (P < 0.05). [Conclusion] The planting ofH.rhamnoides in Pisha sandstone area of Inner Mongolia increases the nutrients and fungal richness in the rhizosphere soil, improving the stability of the soil environment. Moreover, the cultivation ofH.rhamnoides increases the soil moisture, improving soil and water conservation and contributing to the ecological restoration. This study provides a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation in the study area as well as for the ecological restoration and sustainable management ofH.rhamnoides shrubland.

, correspAuthors=Li TIAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*TIAN Li, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Meimei SUN, Li TIAN, Ziwei QIAO, Xueya ZHANG, Zewen GAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241377723420037221, articleId=1241377720001679391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=内蒙古砒砂岩地区沙棘根际和非根际土壤理化性质及真菌群落特征, columnId=1241377720484024369, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=土壤微生物与元素循环, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】以内蒙古砒砂岩区沙棘林为研究对象,探究不同年限沙棘林根际土壤与非根际土壤的理化性质差异,同时分析真菌群落结构差异,并进一步探究两者之间的相互关系。【方法】在内蒙古鄂尔多斯砒砂岩区采集了不同年限沙棘林根际与非根际共计12个土壤样品,采用传统土壤环境指标测定方法测定土壤理化性质,利用高通量测序方法分析土壤真菌群落结构特征,同时分析两者之间的相互关系。【结果】根际土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、有机质和电导率显著高于非根际土壤(P < 0.05),随着种植年限的增长,土壤含水率显著增加(P < 0.05)。根际土壤群落丰富度和多样性整体高于非根际。子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)为共有优势菌门;被孢霉属(Mortierella)、青霉菌属(Penicillium)、曲霉菌属(Aspergillus)为共有优势菌属。非根际真菌群落的关键类群是被孢霉属(Mortierella),根际真菌群落的关键类群是赤霉菌属(Gibberella)。冗余分析表明,土壤有机质是影响土壤真菌群落分布的关键因素。被孢霉属(Mortierella)与有机质、碱解氮和全钾之间具有显著相关性(P < 0.05);赤霉菌属(Gibberella)与碱解氮、有机质和电导率之间具有显著相关性(P < 0.05)。【结论】内蒙古砒砂岩沙棘林种植提高了根际土壤养分和真菌群落的丰富度,促进了土壤生态环境的稳定性。沙棘的种植也提高了该种植地的土壤含水率,促进水土保持,有助于该地区的生态恢复和建设。本研究不仅为该地区的生物多样性保护提供理论依据,更为促进沙棘林生态恢复效果和可持续管理提供科学依据和数据支持。

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journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720001679391, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=土壤理化性质)], refs=[Reference(id=1241445035544203991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720001679391, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=11, issue=3, pageStart=19, pageEnd=23, url=https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJYF201303007.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=国际沙棘研究与开发, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何京丽, 殷丽强, 郭建英, 韩利兵, 梁月, 李锦荣, 岳征文.砒砂岩地区沙棘生态工程的土壤修复效果分析[J].国际沙棘研究与开发,2013,11(3):19-23., articleTitle=砒砂岩地区沙棘生态工程的土壤修复效果分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241445035628090075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720001679391, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=11, issue=3, pageStart=19, pageEnd=23, url=https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJYF201303007.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445030368432609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720001679391, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Circos sample and species relationship of the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil fungi ofHippophae rhamnoides (phylum level)., figureFileSmall=+mPLFjCTJRazwyDa46fmpQ==, figureFileBig=TIpB/9A66CFrwm3eagc5cQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445030464901611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720001679391, language=CN, label=图2, caption=沙棘林根际与非根际土壤真菌Circos样本与物种关系图(门水平), figureFileSmall=+mPLFjCTJRazwyDa46fmpQ==, figureFileBig=TIpB/9A66CFrwm3eagc5cQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241445030641062392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720001679391, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Circos sample and species relationship of the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil fungi ofHippophae rhamnoides (genus level)., 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soil environmental factors in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils ofHippophae rhamnoides. 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Survey ofHippophae rhamnoides sample plot in Dongsheng District, Ordos, Inner Mongolia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample plot numberEast longitude (E)North latitude (N)Altitude (m)
9a109.525 983°39.511 859°1 461.9
4a109.510 858°39.533 890°1 422.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241445033749041792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720001679391, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

内蒙古鄂尔多斯东胜区沙棘林样地概况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample plot numberEast longitude (E)North latitude (N)Altitude (m)
9a109.525 983°39.511 859°1 461.9
4a109.510 858°39.533 890°1 422.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241445033879065226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720001679391, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Soil physical and chemical characteristics of different groups ofHippophae rhamnoides field

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemF4F9G4G9
Different lowercase letters in the same line indicated significant difference between different groups (P < 0.05). F4: Four years non-rhizosphere; F9: Nine years non-rhizosphere; G4: Four years rhizosphere; G9: Nine years rhizosphere. The same below.
TN (g/kg)0.36±0.02b0.19±0.01d0.47±0.01a0.32±0.01c
TP (g/kg)0.41±0.02ab0.43±0.03a0.39±0.05ab0.35±0.01b
TK (g/kg)17.74±1.56ab15.75±0.41b19.67±1.55a19.75±0.24a
AN (mg/kg)8.65±1.04c7.79±0.71c57.90±4.16a27.39±1.47b
AP (mg/kg)0.58±0.05b0.72±0.13ab0.72±0.03ab0.90±0.10a
AK (mg/kg)47.33±1.53b35.33±0.58c103.33±5.00a43.00±2.65b
OM (g/kg)2.18±0.40d6.29±0.55c11.42±0.70a10.14±0.32b
pH8.57±0.02c8.87±0.01a8.56±0.01c8.65±0.02b
EC (μs/cm)104.47±2.11b48.20±2.03d117.15±5.65a74.00±4.56c
SMC (%)2.88±0.10b10.90±1.12a2.73±0.44b9.91±1.42a
), ArticleFig(id=1241445033979728528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720001679391, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

沙棘林各处理土壤理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemF4F9G4G9
Different lowercase letters in the same line indicated significant difference between different groups (P < 0.05). F4: Four years non-rhizosphere; F9: Nine years non-rhizosphere; G4: Four years rhizosphere; G9: Nine years rhizosphere. The same below.
TN (g/kg)0.36±0.02b0.19±0.01d0.47±0.01a0.32±0.01c
TP (g/kg)0.41±0.02ab0.43±0.03a0.39±0.05ab0.35±0.01b
TK (g/kg)17.74±1.56ab15.75±0.41b19.67±1.55a19.75±0.24a
AN (mg/kg)8.65±1.04c7.79±0.71c57.90±4.16a27.39±1.47b
AP (mg/kg)0.58±0.05b0.72±0.13ab0.72±0.03ab0.90±0.10a
AK (mg/kg)47.33±1.53b35.33±0.58c103.33±5.00a43.00±2.65b
OM (g/kg)2.18±0.40d6.29±0.55c11.42±0.70a10.14±0.32b
pH8.57±0.02c8.87±0.01a8.56±0.01c8.65±0.02b
EC (μs/cm)104.47±2.11b48.20±2.03d117.15±5.65a74.00±4.56c
SMC (%)2.88±0.10b10.90±1.12a2.73±0.44b9.91±1.42a
), ArticleFig(id=1241445034143306393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720001679391, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Alpha diversity analysis of the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil fungi ofHippophae rhamnoides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemF4F9G4G9
Sequences35 84835 84835 84835 848
ACE index202.792±39.484b390.423±160.626ab493.567±118.710a553.066±173.374a
Chao1 index202.162±39.974b392.195±160.933ab488.060±117.839a542.962±167.325a
Shannon index2.730±0.428a3.246±0.804a3.567±0.284a3.208±0.660a
Sobs index198.330±39.463b365.000±145.688ab407.000±94.170ab460.670±144.970a
Shannon’s evenness0.516±0.062a0.551±0.101a0.595±0.027a0.523±0.082a
Coverage99.967±0.000a99.869±0.001ab99.728±0.001bc99.694±0.001c
), ArticleFig(id=1241445034218803869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720001679391, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

沙棘林根际与非根际土壤真菌α多样性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemF4F9G4G9
Sequences35 84835 84835 84835 848
ACE index202.792±39.484b390.423±160.626ab493.567±118.710a553.066±173.374a
Chao1 index202.162±39.974b392.195±160.933ab488.060±117.839a542.962±167.325a
Shannon index2.730±0.428a3.246±0.804a3.567±0.284a3.208±0.660a
Sobs index198.330±39.463b365.000±145.688ab407.000±94.170ab460.670±144.970a
Shannon’s evenness0.516±0.062a0.551±0.101a0.595±0.027a0.523±0.082a
Coverage99.967±0.000a99.869±0.001ab99.728±0.001bc99.694±0.001c
), ArticleFig(id=1241445034290107043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720001679391, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Envfit analysis of dominant fungi and soil environmental factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemRDA1RDA2r2P
pH−0.285 30.958 40.399 40.141
TP−0.987 1−0.160 20.160 90.492
AP0.992 70.120 20.502 40.062
OM0.919 40.393 30.711 50.010
), ArticleFig(id=1241445034403353259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241377720001679391, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

优势真菌门与土壤环境因子envfit分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemRDA1RDA2r2P
pH−0.285 30.958 40.399 40.141
TP−0.987 1−0.160 20.160 90.492
AP0.992 70.120 20.502 40.062
OM0.919 40.393 30.711 50.010
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内蒙古砒砂岩地区沙棘根际和非根际土壤理化性质及真菌群落特征
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孙美美 , 田丽 * , 乔紫薇 , 张雪雅 , 高泽文
微生物学报 | 土壤微生物与元素循环 2024,64(6): 1747-1765
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微生物学报 | 土壤微生物与元素循环 2024, 64(6): 1747-1765
内蒙古砒砂岩地区沙棘根际和非根际土壤理化性质及真菌群落特征
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孙美美, 田丽* , 乔紫薇, 张雪雅, 高泽文
作者信息
  • 榆林学院生命科学学院, 陕西 榆林 719000
Physicochemical properties and fungal community characteristics of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils ofHippophae rhamnoides in Pisha sandstone area of Inner Mongolia
Meimei SUN, Li TIAN* , Ziwei QIAO, Xueya ZHANG, Zewen GAO
Affiliations
  • College of Life Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, China
出版时间: 2024-06-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230810
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【目的】以内蒙古砒砂岩区沙棘林为研究对象,探究不同年限沙棘林根际土壤与非根际土壤的理化性质差异,同时分析真菌群落结构差异,并进一步探究两者之间的相互关系。【方法】在内蒙古鄂尔多斯砒砂岩区采集了不同年限沙棘林根际与非根际共计12个土壤样品,采用传统土壤环境指标测定方法测定土壤理化性质,利用高通量测序方法分析土壤真菌群落结构特征,同时分析两者之间的相互关系。【结果】根际土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、有机质和电导率显著高于非根际土壤(P < 0.05),随着种植年限的增长,土壤含水率显著增加(P < 0.05)。根际土壤群落丰富度和多样性整体高于非根际。子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)为共有优势菌门;被孢霉属(Mortierella)、青霉菌属(Penicillium)、曲霉菌属(Aspergillus)为共有优势菌属。非根际真菌群落的关键类群是被孢霉属(Mortierella),根际真菌群落的关键类群是赤霉菌属(Gibberella)。冗余分析表明,土壤有机质是影响土壤真菌群落分布的关键因素。被孢霉属(Mortierella)与有机质、碱解氮和全钾之间具有显著相关性(P < 0.05);赤霉菌属(Gibberella)与碱解氮、有机质和电导率之间具有显著相关性(P < 0.05)。【结论】内蒙古砒砂岩沙棘林种植提高了根际土壤养分和真菌群落的丰富度,促进了土壤生态环境的稳定性。沙棘的种植也提高了该种植地的土壤含水率,促进水土保持,有助于该地区的生态恢复和建设。本研究不仅为该地区的生物多样性保护提供理论依据,更为促进沙棘林生态恢复效果和可持续管理提供科学依据和数据支持。

根际土壤  /  沙棘林  /  土壤真菌  /  群落结构  /  土壤理化性质

[Objective] To compare the physicochemical properties and fungal community characteristics between rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil ofHippophae rhamnoides growing for different years in Pisha sandstone area of Inner Mongolia. [Methods] A total of 12 rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the Pisha sandstone area of Ordos. Chemical methods were used to analyze soil physicochemical properties, and the fungal community composition in soil was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The correlations between fungal community characteristics and soil properties were analyzed. [Results] Total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK), organic matter (OM), and electrical conductivity (EC) of rhizosphere soil were higher than those of non-rhizosphere soil (P < 0.05). Soil moisture content (SMC) increased as the planting years increased (P < 0.05). The fungal richness and diversity in rhizosphere soil were higher than those in non-rhizosphere.Ascomycota andMortierellomycota were the common dominant phyla in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil, andMortierella,Penicillium, andAspergillus were the common dominant genera. The key fungal groups in non-rhizosphere soil and rhizosphere soil wereMortierella andGibberella, respectively. The redundancy analysis showed that OM was a key soil factor affecting the soil fungal distribution.Mortierella was correlated with OM, AN, and total potassium (TK) (P < 0.05).Gibberella was correlated with AN, OM, and EC (P < 0.05). [Conclusion] The planting ofH.rhamnoides in Pisha sandstone area of Inner Mongolia increases the nutrients and fungal richness in the rhizosphere soil, improving the stability of the soil environment. Moreover, the cultivation ofH.rhamnoides increases the soil moisture, improving soil and water conservation and contributing to the ecological restoration. This study provides a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation in the study area as well as for the ecological restoration and sustainable management ofH.rhamnoides shrubland.

rhizosphere soil  /  Hippophae rhamnoides shrubland  /  soil fungi  /  community structure  /  soil physical and chemical properties
孙美美, 田丽, 乔紫薇, 张雪雅, 高泽文. 内蒙古砒砂岩地区沙棘根际和非根际土壤理化性质及真菌群落特征. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (6) : 1747 -1765 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230810
Meimei SUN, Li TIAN, Ziwei QIAO, Xueya ZHANG, Zewen GAO. Physicochemical properties and fungal community characteristics of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils ofHippophae rhamnoides in Pisha sandstone area of Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (6) : 1747 -1765 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230810
砒砂岩地区植被稀少,土地干旱,养分贫瘠,水土流失严重,治理难度极大。裸露的砒砂岩地区被誉为“世界水土流失之最”,被称为“地球环境癌症”[1-4]。内蒙古砒砂岩地区同时遭受水蚀与风蚀的双重侵蚀[5]。恢复当地生态系统的有效方式是种植植被[6]。通过多年的生态工程和植被恢复与重建,沙棘林已成为生态建设中分布和使用最广泛的树种之一[7]。首先,沙棘植株既耐严寒又耐干旱,同时能够在贫瘠的土壤中生长,具有极强的环境适应能力[8-9]。其次,沙棘根系发达,具有很强的分蘖能力,不仅繁殖速度快而且生物量很大。因此,沙棘十分适合在水土流失严重且生态环境脆弱的地方种植,可以帮助保持水土和生态恢复,是砒砂岩地区具有独特优势的树种[10]
近年来,根际微生物群落结构及多样性的研究逐渐成为研究重点。由于根系不仅吸收养分及水分,同时会分泌大量物质,根际区域又是根系生长及代谢对土壤影响最为显著的区域,所以根际区域的土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构区别于非根际土壤[11-13]。微生物种群之间的相互关系,使生态系统在面对环境胁迫时表现出一定的抵抗力和稳定性[14]。特别是干旱和半干旱等生态环境脆弱的地区,植被的生长依赖于土壤微生物的响应[15-16]。土壤微生物控制着土壤生态系统中的多个过程,因此,探究土壤微生物的组成与功能对于了解土壤微生物在生态系统中发挥的作用至关重要[17]。土壤微生物中真菌比细菌群落拥有更多的生物标志物,表现出更为紧密、复杂的生态网络[18]。此外,真菌群落对环境条件的变化非常敏感,因此被认为是有效评估土壤质量的生物指标,被广泛应用于监测和评估土壤生态恢复的过程[19-20]。有研究指出,环境因子(土壤和气象因子)对真菌群落的综合解释率为86.6%,其中土壤相关因素对微生物群落的影响明显高于气象因素[21]。在喀斯特石漠化区林草间作的研究中,土壤微生物中与土壤养分相关性更强的是真菌,真菌群落丰富度与有机质及氮含量呈现显著相关性[22]。此外,土壤含水率在一定程度上会提高土壤养分含量,进而影响土壤微生物的碳氮循环,从而改变微生物的群落结构[23-24]。在内蒙古不同类型草原土壤真菌及其土壤因子的研究中发现,土壤含水率影响了真菌主要优势门的丰度,在一定程度上改变了土壤真菌群落的结构[25]。在降雨对黄土高原草原微生物多样性影响的研究中发现,增加或减少降雨并不会对土壤中的细菌多样性产生影响,但会提高真菌均匀度指数和丰富度指数,并且改变了土壤微生物的群落结构[26]。因此,研究根际与非根际土壤的理化性质和真菌群落结构可以有效地揭示该生态区域种植的植被对该土壤生态环境的影响,为该区域的生态恢复提供一些理论依据。
截至目前,关于沙棘林的研究已有广泛的报道,主要关注土壤水分特性[27-29]、水土保持[30]和土壤质量[7,31],而对于土壤性质与土壤微生物的耦合关系研究还比较有限。目前,有学者关注到沙棘林土壤性质与土壤细菌群落结构的耦合关系,例如,在对毛乌素沙地的研究中发现,该地区植物根际土壤细菌群落的多样性在很大程度上受到土壤pH和有效磷的影响[11]。煤矿复垦区的沙棘林土壤细菌群落结构的主要影响因子是土壤pH和速效钾[32]。同时,也有学者对某些特定的真菌或细菌影响沙棘林的机理进行了研究。例如,Zhang等[33]研究发现,丛枝菌真菌可以与解磷细菌互作,活化土壤中难利用态的磷。接种丛枝菌真菌有助于缓解土壤养分对植物的限制作用,其可以与沙棘形成良好共生关系,促进土壤养分的活化,为沙棘人工林提供更多的生态位[34]。另外,张明明等[35]的研究表明,弗兰克氏菌属的细菌会促进沙棘根系的固氮作用。然而,我们对样本区沙棘林根际与非根际土壤的真菌群落结构及其与土壤因子的耦合效应知之甚少。因此,我们选择水蚀、风蚀交错的砒砂岩区和沙棘林作为研究对象,探究土壤微生物群落结构和多样性,阐明土壤因子和土壤微生物之间的关系,论证沙棘林的种植是否可以增加土壤养分含量以及有益真菌的富集,从而改善当地的生态环境。以期为促进沙棘林生态恢复效果和可持续管理提供科学依据和数据支持。
研究区位于内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市东胜区的砒砂岩丘陵沟壑区,为我国《晋陕蒙砒砂岩区十大孔兑沙棘生态减沙工程》的项目区位置,海拔1 350−1 473 m,属温带大陆性气候;春季干旱多雨,降水集中在7−9月,多年平均降雨量约为200−400 mm;多年平均气温在5.6−7.3 ℃之间,≥10 ℃积温2 500−3 100 ℃,无霜期达129−145 d;多年平均大风日数在21−34 d左右,平均风速在2.2−4.3 m/s。土壤以栗钙土、砒砂岩为主,土壤肥力较低,不宜保持水土。植被分布主要以草本植物为主,主要植被类型是温带草原植被,这些植被群落结构简单,生态系统相对脆弱,导致土地沙化现象严重。近年来,当地政府通过人工种植沙棘林,有效改善了水土流失的状况。在种植沙棘林之前,该区域并未进行人工干预;在种植沙棘林之后,也并未对其进行施肥等处理。
在2022年10月,我们选取了鄂尔多斯砒砂岩区两个群落发育较为完整的、不同种植年限(9年和4年)的人工沙棘林为调查样地(表1),进行采样工作。经调查统计,两块人工沙棘林林下植物种类总共有8科,分别是菊科(Asteraceae)、豆科(Leguminosae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、莎草科(Cyperaceae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、百合科(Liliaceae)和木贼科(Equisetaceae)。在各调查样地分别布设3块10 m×10 m的独立小区,任意两个小区之间的间距不小于100 m。每个小区随机选取3株沙棘,分别收集根际土壤和非根际土壤,接着将同一小区的根际土壤混合成一个土壤样品,非根际土壤混合成一个土壤样品,最终得到了共计12个土壤样品。再将每一个土壤样品都分为两部分,一部分自然风干用于土壤环境因子指标的测定,另一部分保存于超低温冰箱,用于土壤真菌多样性分析。种植4年沙棘林的根际土壤标记为G4,非根际土壤记为F4;种植9年沙棘林的根际土壤记为G9,非根际土壤记为F9。
采用半微量凯氏定氮法检测土壤全氮含量(total nitrogen, TN);氢氧化钠熔融法-钼锑抗比色检测土壤全磷含量(total phosphorus, TP);氢氧化钠熔融法-火焰光度法检测土壤全钾含量(total potassium, TK);碱解扩散法检测土壤碱解氮含量(available nitrogen, AN);碳酸氢钠浸提-分光光度计法检测土壤有效磷含量(available phosphorus, AP);NH4OAc浸提-火焰光度法检测速效钾含量(available potassium, AK);重铬酸钾-浓硫酸外加热法检测土壤有机质含量(organic matter, OM);pH测定仪(赛多利斯公司)检测土壤pH;电导率仪(上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司-雷磁)检测土壤电导率(electrical conductivity, EC);烘干法检测土壤含水率(soil moisture content, SMC)。
完成基因组DNA抽提后,利用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测抽提的基因组DNA。PCR扩增真菌ITS1F_ITS2R区域,引物序列为ITS1F (5′-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3′)和ITS2R (5′-GCTGCGTTCT TCATCGATGC-3′)。PCR反应体系:5×FastPfu Buffer 4 µL,dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L) 2 µL,正、反向引物(5 µmol/L)各0.8 µL,FastPfu Polymerase (5 U/μL) 0.4 µL,BSA 0.2 µL,Template DNA 10 ng,补ddH2O至20 µL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性3 min;95 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸45 s,35个循环;72 ℃延伸10 min。PCR仪(Bio-Rad公司)。每样本3次重复。将同一样本的PCR产物混合后用2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,使用AxyPrepDNA凝胶回收试剂盒(Axygen公司)切胶回收PCR产物,Tris-HCl洗脱;2%琼脂糖电泳检测。参照电泳初步定量结果,将PCR产物用蓝色荧光定量系统(Promega公司)进行检测定量,之后按照每个样本的测序量要求,进行相应比例的混合。由上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司进行测序。使用UPARSE (11)在97%相似度水平对所有样品的有效序列进行聚类,使用UNITE (8.0真菌) ITS数据库对操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)的代表序列进行物种注释。
采用Mothur (1.30.2)进行α多样性分析,利用R语言(version 3.3.1)进行主坐标分析(principal co-ordinates analysis, PCoA),运用Circos-0.67-7绘制Circos样本与物种关系图,使用LEfSe软件all-against-all (more strict)多组比较策略进行LEfSe多级物种差异判别分析,借助R软件(version 2.4.3)的vegan包进行冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)。采用R软件(version 3.3.1)的vegan包进行方差膨胀因子分析(variance inflation factor, VIF)。采用R软件(version 3.3.1)的pheatmap包进行相关性Heatmap分析。使用SPSS26.0软件进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),使用Waller-Duncan法进行多重比较,结果以均值±标准差表示。
TN、AN、AK、OM含量和EC表现为根际土壤处理显著高于非根际土壤处理(P < 0.05);4年生沙棘林TN、AN、AK和EC显著高于9年生沙棘林(P < 0.05);9年生沙棘林SMC显著高于4年生沙棘林(P < 0.05);根际土壤与非根际土壤SMC无显著变化(P > 0.05) (表2)。
随着测序数量的增加,各样品稀释曲线逐渐趋于平缓,序列数达到35 000后进入平台期,由此可得,该试验测序深度足够覆盖样品中的真菌群落结构,测序数据量合理。真菌ITS1基因测序结果表明,共获得优化序列574 267条,141 456 443 bp,平均序列长度247 bp,以97%的相似度对序列采用USEARCH11-uparse算法进行聚类,共检测到12门41纲101目233科432属647种1 532 OTUs。
由α多样性指数分析可知,4年生、9年生根际土壤的ACE指数和Chao1指数显著高于4年生非根际土壤(P < 0.05);9年生根际土壤的Sobs指数显著高于4年生非根际土壤(P < 0.05);各处理的Shannon指数和Shannon’s evenness指数无显著差异(P > 0.05);覆盖度(coverage)均大于99.00%,说明测序结果能够代表样品的真实情况(表3)。通过β多样性分析可以判断各处理样品之间的差异程度,基于Bray-Curtis距离的PCoA显示(其中F4处理中1个样本误差较大被剔除),土壤真菌群落基于门水平对比,根际土壤与非根际土壤差异显著,4年生根际土壤与9年生根际土壤差异显著,但是非根际土壤之间并无差异。能够解释真菌群落结构差异的89.05% (图1)。
子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)是门水平上的优势类群,它们共占所有单元分类序列的93.84%−99.18% (图2)。子囊菌门在根际土壤中的相对丰度比非根际土壤中的升高(31.26%),被孢霉门在根际土壤中的相对丰度比非根际土壤中的降低(20.61%)。在属水平上(图3),各处理真菌群落相对丰度排名前5的真菌分别为被孢霉属(Mortierella, 4.26%−36.53%)、青霉菌属(Penicillium, 10.68%−21.25%)、曲霉菌属(Aspergillus, 0.31%−21.52%)、Hygrocybe (0.01%−12.30%)和赤霉菌属(Gibberella, 0.51%−6.62%)。非根际土壤中被孢霉属(Mortierella)和Hygrocybe的相对丰度显著高于根际土壤(P < 0.05),根际土壤中的赤霉菌属(Gibberella)的相对丰度显著高于非根际土壤(P < 0.05)。
LEfSe利用线性判别分析测算物种丰度对差异效果的影响程度。通过线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis, LDA) (P < 0.05, LDA > 3),土壤真菌共有15个有显著差异的真菌类群,其中F4中含有0个,F9中含有8个,G4中含有4个,G9中含有3个(图4)。沙棘林根际土壤与非根际土壤之间共44个真菌分类群在统计学上差异显著(P < 0.05, LDA > 3),其中,非根际(F)处理中被孢霉属(Mortierella)是真菌群落的关键类群,根际(G)处理则为赤霉菌属(Gibberella) (图5)。
利用方差膨胀因子分析,排除自相关性较大的因子(VIF值> 10),筛选出具有代表性的环境因子。经过筛选的环境因子进行冗余分析,第一轴解释率为65.87%,第二轴解释率为5.12%,累计解释率达到70.99%,表明图6可以准确地反映出土壤环境因子与土壤真菌群落的相互关系。对沙棘林根际和非根际土壤真菌群落结构具有重要影响的土壤指标为OM (r²=0.7115,P=0.010) (表4)。
通过分析门水平物种与环境因子的相关性情况可得(图7),子囊菌门(Ascomycota)与AP之间呈现极显著正相关(P < 0.01),与OM和TK之间呈现显著正相关(P < 0.05)。被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)与OM和AN之间呈现极显著负相关(P < 0.01),与TK之间呈现显著负相关(P < 0.05)。通过分析属水平物种与环境因子的相关性情况可得(图8),被孢霉属(Mortierella)与OM和AN之间呈现极显著负相关(P < 0.01),与TK之间呈现显著负相关(P < 0.05)。赤霉菌属(Gibberella)与AN之间呈现极显著正相关(P < 0.01),与OM和EC呈现显著正相关(P < 0.05)。
通过以上研究结果可知,全氮以及碱解氮含量根际土壤显著高于非根际土壤,这与蒲琴等[38]在红柳、沙棘的研究以及陈永成等[39]在紫花苜蓿的研究中表现出一样的现象。首先是因为植株的凋落物以及丰富的根系分泌物会使土壤养分得到提高[40],其次是因为沙棘属于固氮植物,固持氮的能力强[1]。同时,根际土壤中的有机质也显著高于非根际土壤,这可能是因为植株的根系会分泌有机物以及植株地上部残落物的积累,使得旱生灌木根际土壤的有机质含量相对较高[41]。侯杰等[42]的研究证实了根际土壤的有机质含量普遍高于非根际土壤。随着种植年限的增加,根际土壤中的有机质含量呈现降低的趋势,这可能是因为随着植株的不断生长,植株根系在不断地向更深更广的区域扩展,导致根际周围无明显的养分富集效应,根际对土壤养分的富集作用逐渐减弱[43]。此外,随着植物生长时间的延长,根系对养分的吸收量和吸收效率也会有所不同,这导致了不同生长阶段的植株在根际土壤和非根际土壤中养分含量存在差异[44]。随着种植年限的增加,根际土壤的碱解氮也在显著降低,这可能是因为土壤中的氮主要来源于有机质的分解[45],所以有机质和碱解氮的变化趋势相似。
在种植初期,根际和非根际土壤的全磷含量无显著差别,相关研究也表示,根际与非根际全磷含量差异多不显著[46-48]。然而,沙棘林种植9年时,非根际土壤中全磷含量显著高于根际土壤,这可能是因为植株的生长消耗了大量的全磷。不同种植年限的沙棘根际土壤有效磷含量均高于非根际土壤,有研究表明[49-50],根际土壤中的有效磷含量多呈现出高于非根际土壤的结果,这与本研究的结果一致。首先可能是因为根系对有效磷具有较强的吸收和富集能力,其次根际区域的微生物活性较高,会影响土壤磷的转化速率和养分竞争强度,进而影响了有效磷的含量[51]。在本研究中,随着种植年限的增加,有效磷的含量呈现上升趋势,速效钾的含量显著降低。刘军等[52]在研究中发现有效磷和速效钾的含量呈现先增加后减少的趋势,这是因为有效磷和速效钾主要来源于土壤母质,在植被种植初期,由于植株残落物的累积、土壤微生物的剧烈活动以及伴随着有机物质的分解会产生大量的有机酸、酚类物质和无机酸,这会促进土壤母质中难溶性磷和钾的释放,这时表现出来的就是有效磷和速效钾含量的增加,但是有效磷和速效钾很难在土壤中储存,极易随着雨水的冲刷而流失掉,同时根系也会吸收利用土壤中的有效磷和速效钾,这时土壤中有效磷和速效钾会出现下降的趋势[53-54]。本研究中所采样的沙棘林在4–9年的生长过程中,可能正处于有效磷的上升阶段和速效钾的下降阶段。
土壤电导率值与盐分含量密切相关,电导率值增大表示土壤中可溶性盐离子浓度增高[55]。在非盐渍化土壤的情况下,含盐量是评测土壤肥力的一个综合性指标,所以电导率可以有效、直接地反映待测土壤的肥力大小[56-57]。本研究中,根际土壤的电导率值大于非根际土壤,随着种植年限的增长,电导率值显著降低。从侧面可以反映出根际土壤的肥力优于非根际土壤,同时随着种植年限的增长,土壤肥力呈现衰退的趋势。有研究表明[27],土壤的理化性质中,土壤含水率对沙棘的影响十分关键,影响着沙棘的存活、生长及繁殖整个生命周期。本研究中,随着种植年限的增长,土壤含水率显著增加。由此可得,种植沙棘有助于砒砂岩地区的水分保持,土壤含水率的增加有助于沙棘以及其他植物的生长,由此可以形成正向循环,有助于该地区的生态恢复和建设。
高婷[58]在沙蒿的研究中发现,根际土壤中的微生物总数明显多于非根际土壤,表现出明显的根际效应。这与本研究的结果一致,由于植物的根系分泌物会吸引微生物在根际富集,所以根际土壤中的微生物丰富度高于非根际土壤,这对于植物的生长发育发挥着至关重要的作用[59]。有人认为,微生物群落的总体组成在不同的生境中可能存在很大差异,但优势类群基本上是相似的[60]。本研究4个处理中门水平下的优势类群为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota),两类真菌的相对组成均超过75.00%。
子囊菌门是真菌中种类最多的类群,占真菌总数的40%[61]。子囊菌门大多是以腐生为主的真菌,在土壤中扮演着重要的分解者角色,在养分循环的过程中发挥着不可替代的作用[62]。子囊菌门在干旱生态系统中对碳和氮循环起着重要的推动作用,同时,土壤中碳和氮的含量增加,也有助于促进子囊菌门的生长,在土壤养分丰富的情况下,子囊菌门的相对丰度会显著增加[63-65]。在本研究中,根际土壤中子囊菌门的相对丰度比非根际土壤中增加了31.26%,随着种植年限的增长,子囊菌门的丰度也呈上升趋势。由此可得,种植沙棘可以起到提高土壤养分的作用。有研究表明[66-67]子囊菌门在有机质含量高的土壤中含量丰富。这与本研究结果一致,子囊菌门与有机质之间呈显著正相关(P < 0.05)。被孢霉门中有很多真菌具有溶磷作用,可以溶解土壤中难以被利用的磷,在磷含量低的环境中具有生存优势[68-69]。本研究展现出了相似的趋势,相比于其他处理土壤中被孢霉门的占比,被孢霉门在有效磷含量低的F4土壤处理中更具生存优势。
有研究表明[70-71],曲霉属(Aspergillus)和青霉属(Penicillium)在干旱胁迫的环境下不仅出现的频率较高,而且丰度也较高。曲霉属的菌种普遍展现出极强的耐受性[72]。这与本研究的结果一致,砒砂岩地区气候干旱,曲霉属和青霉属成为本研究中占优势地位的菌属。这可能是因为曲霉属和青霉属能够刺激植物合成植物激素,由此来调节植物抗旱信息的传递通路,从而提高植物的抗旱性[71]。这些在干旱胁迫下可以富集的微生物很有可能也会对其他非生物胁迫有一定的抗性[71]
研究表明[73-77],土壤理化性质的变化,例如土壤中碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷、有机质、pH、全氮和含水率等的改变,会引起土壤真菌群落结构多样性的变化。在本研究中,沙棘林根际与非根际土壤真菌群落结构多样性具有重要影响因素的土壤指标为OM (r²=0.711 5,P=0.010),这与马建军等[54]的研究结果相同。
在内蒙古的砒砂岩丘陵沟壑区,种植沙棘林能够显著提高根际土壤中的全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、有机质含量以及电导率。随着种植时间的延长(从4年到9年),土壤含水率呈现增加的趋势。沙棘林的种植提高了根际真菌群落的丰富度,相比于种植年限的增加,根际与非根际之别对于真菌群落结构影响更大。土壤有机质是影响沙棘林土壤真菌群落结构的主要因素。综上所述,沙棘的种植提高了根际土壤的养分含量及真菌群落丰富度,有利于促进土壤生态环境的稳定。同时,沙棘的种植也提高了该地区的土壤含水率,有助于水土保持,促进了该地区生态环境的恢复和建设。
  • 陕西省重点研发计划(2023-YBNY-250)
  • 榆林学院博士科研启动基金(20GK19)
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2024年第64卷第6期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230810
  • 接收时间:2023-12-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-06-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-30
  • 录用日期:2024-05-10
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Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2023-YBNY-250)
陕西省重点研发计划(2023-YBNY-250)
Doctoral Research Start-up Fund Project of Yulin University(20GK19)
榆林学院博士科研启动基金(20GK19)
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    榆林学院生命科学学院, 陕西 榆林 719000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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