Article(id=1241376212887597623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241376204247331313, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230579, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1694361600000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1707235200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-02-07, onlineDate=1773896752807, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1714752000000, pubDateStr=2024-05-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773896752807, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773896752807, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773896752807, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241376204247331313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='5', pageStart='1331', pageEnd='1682', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773896750747, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897643611, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241379949253284790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241376204247331313, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241379949253284791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241376204247331313, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1417, endPage=1435, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241376214078780008, articleId=1241376212887597623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Differences of soil fungal community structure and driving factors between healthy and mismanaging tea plantations in Heshan of southern China, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] This study aims to investigate the soil fungal community structure in the tea plantations of Heshan and explore the relationship between fungal community and soil physicochemical properties. [Methods] We employed high-throughput sequencing to analyze the soil fungal community composition of 49 rhizosphere soil samples collected from healthy and mismanaging tea plantations in Heshan. The redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed to analyze the effects of soil physicochemical properties on the fungal community structure. The pairwise Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare the fungal taxa between the two kinds of tea plantations. FUNGuild was used to predict the soil fungal functions. [Results] Basidiomycota,Mortierellomycota, andAscomycota were the three dominant phyla in the rhizosphere soil of tea plantations in Heshan. The mismanagement of tea plantations increased the relative abundance ofBasidiomycota, but significantly decreased the relative abundance ofMortierellomycota. The fungal richness, Chao1 index, and ACE index were significantly lower in the mismanaging tea plantation than in the healthy tea plantation. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, organic matter, and available nitrogen were the primary driving factors for the differences of soil fungal β diversity. The soil pH, total phosphorus, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+, available phosphorus, and available potassium were significantly correlated with the fungal taxa. Compared with the healthy tea plantation, the mismanaging tea plantation showed decreased relative abundance of core fungal taxa but increased relative abundance of medium and rare taxa. Ten of OTUs was common between healthy and mismanaging tea plantations. The pathogens causing tea gray blight, i.e.,Pseudopestalotiopsis theae andFusarium keratoplasticum, were identified in the healthy tea plantation. The relative abundance of biocontrol fungi,Trichoderma spirale andT.atroviride, significantly increased in the mismanaging tea plantation. The mismanaging tea plantation demonstrated increased relative abundance of pathotrophic, pathotrophic- saprotrophic-symbiotrophic, and symbiotrophic fungi but decreased relative abundance of saprotrophic-symbiotrophic fungi. [Conclusion] We elucidated the relationship of management mode with fungal community composition and soil physicochemical properties, providing the insights into the prevention and control of pathogens infecting black tea and the screening of biocontrol fungi in Heshan.

, correspAuthors=Yijie DONG, Honghui ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*DONG Yijie, E-mail:;
ZHU Honghui, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xing WANG, Yijie DONG, Guangda FENG, Qing YAO, Chenjian LIU, Honghui ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241376216331121448, articleId=1241376212887597623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=鹤山地区健康和失管茶园土壤真菌群落结构差异及其驱动因子分析, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】以鹤山红茶产地生态系统为研究对象,探究健康和失管茶园中土壤真菌群落结构的差异以及土壤理化性质对真菌群落结构的影响。【方法】在鹤山地区健康茶园和管理不善的失管茶园中采集了49份根围土壤样品,采用高通量测序技术分析茶树根围土壤真菌的群落组成;利用冗余分析研究土壤理化性质对真菌群落结构的影响;进一步通过Wilcoxon秩和检验法分析健康和失管茶园中差异的真菌类群;通过FUNGuild软件对土壤真菌的功能类群进行预测。【结果】研究发现担子菌门、被孢霉门和子囊菌门是茶树根围土壤的优势门;失管茶园中担子菌门的相对丰度显著升高,而被孢霉门则显著降低;根围土壤真菌的丰富度指数、Chao1指数和ACE指数显著低于健康茶园。研究发现总氮、总磷、有效磷、有机质和水解性氮是真菌β多样性差异的主要环境驱动因子;pH、总磷、交换性镁、交换性钙、有效磷和有效钾等与真菌类群间存在显著的相关性。健康和失管茶园中共有的核心操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units, OTUs)是10个,失管茶园中核心类群的相对丰度降低,而中间类群和稀有类群的相对丰度则增加。健康茶园根围土壤核心OTUs中出现了茶轮斑病菌茶拟盘多毛孢和国槐根腐病菌角化可塑镰孢菌(Fusarium keratoplasticum),失管茶园根围土壤核心OTUs中生防菌螺旋木霉(Trichoderma spirale)、深绿木霉(T.atroviride)的丰度显著较高。失管茶园中病原营养型、病原-腐生-共生过渡型和共生营养型真菌的相对丰度明显增加;而腐生-共生过渡型的真菌则显著降低。【结论】本研究揭示了鹤山地区茶园管理方式与真菌群落结构和土壤理化性质间的关系,为鹤山红茶的病害防治及生防菌筛选指明了方向。

, correspAuthors=董义杰, 朱红惠, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=tcJnJ0+9QXdcqhcRdPM6Rg==, magXml=iMfQaIenkP1VQw3iKuS9vg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=sDJQ+xmX8Qe9di8Ha4tFng==, pdfFileSize=1632523, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=dszg8YgvBQM4nzfCXdVnjw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=pJ3hhM3thR4VK5Dus1C5+Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=王星, 董义杰, 冯广达, 姚青, 柳陈坚, 朱红惠)}, authors=[Author(id=1241446115514577398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212887597623, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241446115619435006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212887597623, authorId=1241446115514577398, language=EN, stringName=Xing WANG, firstName=Xing, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
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rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=76, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of Tea Communication, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FU HP, ZHOU PQ, WANG YJ, MO ZD, LI ZH, MA QP, NGUYEN H, LI XH.Effects of intercropping different green manures on fungal community characteristics in rhizosphere soil of tea plant[J].Journal of Tea Communication,2020,47(3):406-415 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Effects of intercropping different green manures on fungal community characteristics in rhizosphere soil of tea plant, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241446124641383297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212887597623, awardId=2021B1212050022, language=EN, fundingSource=Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(2021B1212050022), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241446124779795336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212887597623, awardId=2021B1212050022, language=CN, 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A: The phylum. B: The genus. C: Operational taxonomic units (OTUs)., figureFileSmall=aJjgk7JEKfDt03GeDB6xXQ==, figureFileBig=Y3xayM+C3IoowjA9cPZ/vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446120962978562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212887597623, language=CN, label=图1, caption=健康和失管茶园中根际土壤真菌群落组成的动态变化, figureFileSmall=aJjgk7JEKfDt03GeDB6xXQ==, figureFileBig=Y3xayM+C3IoowjA9cPZ/vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446122506482443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212887597623, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Analysis of core taxa in tea plantation rhizospheric soil. A: The ratio of OTUs and abundance in healthy tea plantation. B: The ratio of OTUs and abundance in mismanaging tea plantation. C: Heatmap of fungal core taxa in healthy tea plantation; GS-H, HS-H, LS-H, SS-H and WS-H represented the samples of healthy tea plantation in Gulao town, Hecheng town, Longkou town, Shuanghe town and Zhaiwu town, respectively. D: Heatmap of fungal core taxa in mismanaging tea plantation. GS-M, HS-M, LS-M, SS-M and WS-M represented the samples of mismanaging tea plantation in Gulao town, Hecheng town, Longkou town, Shuanghe town and Zhaiwu town, respectively., figureFileSmall=452TWSyEaoBl4dZuQOjEcw==, figureFileBig=A2Mq0MFg7TBx1k3GEegFfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446122636505876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212887597623, language=CN, label=图2, caption=茶园根围土壤中真菌核心类群的分析, figureFileSmall=452TWSyEaoBl4dZuQOjEcw==, figureFileBig=A2Mq0MFg7TBx1k3GEegFfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446122753946395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212887597623, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Relationship between tea rhizospheric soil fungi diversity and environmental factors analyzed by RDA method. A: RDA diagram depicted fungal communities in relation to environmental variables from healthy and mismanaging tea plantations. 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A: The trophic composition of tea rhizosphere communities in healthy and mismanaging tea plantations. B: The functional group of tea rhizosphere communities in healthy and mismanaging tea plantations., figureFileSmall=/8Rf6s1ylo4J6LROl7dhyg==, figureFileBig=IHN7EmV8II/itHsGPIN38g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446123584418634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212887597623, language=CN, label=图6, caption=健康和失管茶园中FUNGuild功能类群预测的结果, figureFileSmall=/8Rf6s1ylo4J6LROl7dhyg==, figureFileBig=IHN7EmV8II/itHsGPIN38g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446123706053462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212887597623, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sampling sites information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
取样点
Sampling sites
健康茶园
Heathy tea plantations
失管茶园
Mismanaging tea plantations
位置
Position
土壤类型
Soil type
周边植被
Vegetation
位置
Position
土壤类型
Soil type
周边植被
Vegetation
宅梧镇
Zhaiwu Town
N 22.671 389°,
E 112.716 667°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
无杂草
No weeds
N 22.647 859°,
E 112.621 803°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
大量杂草
Mass of weeds
古劳镇
Gulao Town
N 22.843 054°,
E 112.893 026°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
少量杂草
Few weeds
N 22.838 432°,
E 112.886 121°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
大量杂草
Mass of weeds
鹤城镇
Hecheng Town
N 22.660 556°,
E 112.816 111°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
少量杂草
Few weeds
N 22.601 797°,
E 112.782 232°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
大量杂草
Mass of weeds
龙口镇
Longkou Town
N 22.696 944°,
E 112.837 500°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
无杂草
No weeds
N 22.746 563°,
E 112.873 685°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
较多杂草
More weeds
双合镇
Shuanghe Town
N 22.640 930°,
E 112.697 623°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
少量杂草
Few weeds
N 22.632 996°,
E 112.523 292°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
较多杂草
More weeds
), ArticleFig(id=1241446123810911067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212887597623, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样地基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
取样点
Sampling sites
健康茶园
Heathy tea plantations
失管茶园
Mismanaging tea plantations
位置
Position
土壤类型
Soil type
周边植被
Vegetation
位置
Position
土壤类型
Soil type
周边植被
Vegetation
宅梧镇
Zhaiwu Town
N 22.671 389°,
E 112.716 667°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
无杂草
No weeds
N 22.647 859°,
E 112.621 803°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
大量杂草
Mass of weeds
古劳镇
Gulao Town
N 22.843 054°,
E 112.893 026°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
少量杂草
Few weeds
N 22.838 432°,
E 112.886 121°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
大量杂草
Mass of weeds
鹤城镇
Hecheng Town
N 22.660 556°,
E 112.816 111°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
少量杂草
Few weeds
N 22.601 797°,
E 112.782 232°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
大量杂草
Mass of weeds
龙口镇
Longkou Town
N 22.696 944°,
E 112.837 500°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
无杂草
No weeds
N 22.746 563°,
E 112.873 685°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
较多杂草
More weeds
双合镇
Shuanghe Town
N 22.640 930°,
E 112.697 623°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
少量杂草
Few weeds
N 22.632 996°,
E 112.523 292°
酸性红壤
Acidic red soil
较多杂草
More weeds
), ArticleFig(id=1241446123936740195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212887597623, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of basic chemical properties of tea plantation soil in Heshan of southern China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GrouppHOM (g/kg)AP (mg/kg)TN (%)HN (mg/kg)TP (mg/kg)TK (g/kg)AK (mg/kg)ExCa
(cmol/kg)
ExMg
(cmol/kg)
Data are mean±SD, significant differences are indicated with different letters above the columns;P-value was measured by a two-tailed unpaired Student’st-test.
Health4.72±
0.96a
36.11±
17.64a
46.85±
64.11a
0.16±
0.07a
130.98±
19.72a
748.68±
455.46a
13.66±
7.13a
73.01±
38.54a
3.41±
5.76a
0.43±
0.40a
Mismana
gement
4.22±
0.29b
28.69±
17.17a
46.58±
72.88a
0.11±
0.07a
111.95±
94.70a
618.83±
487.55a
12.49±
6.02a
82.37±
106.74a
1.21±
1.23a
0.36±
0.25a
), ArticleFig(id=1241446124091929450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212887597623, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

鹤山地区茶园土壤理化性质分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GrouppHOM (g/kg)AP (mg/kg)TN (%)HN (mg/kg)TP (mg/kg)TK (g/kg)AK (mg/kg)ExCa
(cmol/kg)
ExMg
(cmol/kg)
Data are mean±SD, significant differences are indicated with different letters above the columns;P-value was measured by a two-tailed unpaired Student’st-test.
Health4.72±
0.96a
36.11±
17.64a
46.85±
64.11a
0.16±
0.07a
130.98±
19.72a
748.68±
455.46a
13.66±
7.13a
73.01±
38.54a
3.41±
5.76a
0.43±
0.40a
Mismana
gement
4.22±
0.29b
28.69±
17.17a
46.58±
72.88a
0.11±
0.07a
111.95±
94.70a
618.83±
487.55a
12.49±
6.02a
82.37±
106.74a
1.21±
1.23a
0.36±
0.25a
), ArticleFig(id=1241446124184204144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212887597623, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Diversity index of tea rhizospheric fungi communities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupRichness indexChao1 indexACE indexShannon indexSimpson indexPielou’s evennessCoverage (%)
Data are mean±SD, significant differences are indicated with different letters above the columns;P-value was measured by a two-tailed unpaired Student’st-test.
Health156.96±39.94a202.70±49.20a205.71±50.45a1.89±0.51a0.67±0.15a0.37±0.09a99.80±0.06b
Mismanagement134±32.51b170.44±49.10b169.67±44.49b1.95±0.47a0.71±0.14a0.40±0.10a99.84±0.06a
), ArticleFig(id=1241446124297450360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212887597623, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同土壤样本中真菌多样性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupRichness indexChao1 indexACE indexShannon indexSimpson indexPielou’s evennessCoverage (%)
Data are mean±SD, significant differences are indicated with different letters above the columns;P-value was measured by a two-tailed unpaired Student’st-test.
Health156.96±39.94a202.70±49.20a205.71±50.45a1.89±0.51a0.67±0.15a0.37±0.09a99.80±0.06b
Mismanagement134±32.51b170.44±49.10b169.67±44.49b1.95±0.47a0.71±0.14a0.40±0.10a99.84±0.06a
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鹤山地区健康和失管茶园土壤真菌群落结构差异及其驱动因子分析
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王星 1, 2 , 董义杰 2, * , 冯广达 2 , 姚青 3 , 柳陈坚 1 , 朱红惠 2, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(5): 1417-1435
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(5): 1417-1435
鹤山地区健康和失管茶园土壤真菌群落结构差异及其驱动因子分析
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王星1, 2, 董义杰2, * , 冯广达2, 姚青3, 柳陈坚1, 朱红惠2, *
作者信息
  • 1 昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院, 云南 昆明 650500
  • 2 广东省科学院微生物研究所 华南应用微生物国家重点实验室 农业农村部农业微生物组学与精准应用重点实验室 农业农村部农业微生物组学重点实验室 广东省菌种保藏与应用重点实验室, 广东 广州 510070
  • 3 华南农业大学园艺学院 广东省荔枝工程技术研究中心, 广东 广州, 510642
Differences of soil fungal community structure and driving factors between healthy and mismanaging tea plantations in Heshan of southern China
Xing WANG1, 2, Yijie DONG2, * , Guangda FENG2, Qing YAO3, Chenjian LIU1, Honghui ZHU2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China
  • 3 Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
出版时间: 2024-05-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230579
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【目的】以鹤山红茶产地生态系统为研究对象,探究健康和失管茶园中土壤真菌群落结构的差异以及土壤理化性质对真菌群落结构的影响。【方法】在鹤山地区健康茶园和管理不善的失管茶园中采集了49份根围土壤样品,采用高通量测序技术分析茶树根围土壤真菌的群落组成;利用冗余分析研究土壤理化性质对真菌群落结构的影响;进一步通过Wilcoxon秩和检验法分析健康和失管茶园中差异的真菌类群;通过FUNGuild软件对土壤真菌的功能类群进行预测。【结果】研究发现担子菌门、被孢霉门和子囊菌门是茶树根围土壤的优势门;失管茶园中担子菌门的相对丰度显著升高,而被孢霉门则显著降低;根围土壤真菌的丰富度指数、Chao1指数和ACE指数显著低于健康茶园。研究发现总氮、总磷、有效磷、有机质和水解性氮是真菌β多样性差异的主要环境驱动因子;pH、总磷、交换性镁、交换性钙、有效磷和有效钾等与真菌类群间存在显著的相关性。健康和失管茶园中共有的核心操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units, OTUs)是10个,失管茶园中核心类群的相对丰度降低,而中间类群和稀有类群的相对丰度则增加。健康茶园根围土壤核心OTUs中出现了茶轮斑病菌茶拟盘多毛孢和国槐根腐病菌角化可塑镰孢菌(Fusarium keratoplasticum),失管茶园根围土壤核心OTUs中生防菌螺旋木霉(Trichoderma spirale)、深绿木霉(T.atroviride)的丰度显著较高。失管茶园中病原营养型、病原-腐生-共生过渡型和共生营养型真菌的相对丰度明显增加;而腐生-共生过渡型的真菌则显著降低。【结论】本研究揭示了鹤山地区茶园管理方式与真菌群落结构和土壤理化性质间的关系,为鹤山红茶的病害防治及生防菌筛选指明了方向。

茶树  /  鹤山地区  /  根围土壤真菌  /  土壤元素含量  /  相关性

[Objective] This study aims to investigate the soil fungal community structure in the tea plantations of Heshan and explore the relationship between fungal community and soil physicochemical properties. [Methods] We employed high-throughput sequencing to analyze the soil fungal community composition of 49 rhizosphere soil samples collected from healthy and mismanaging tea plantations in Heshan. The redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed to analyze the effects of soil physicochemical properties on the fungal community structure. The pairwise Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare the fungal taxa between the two kinds of tea plantations. FUNGuild was used to predict the soil fungal functions. [Results] Basidiomycota,Mortierellomycota, andAscomycota were the three dominant phyla in the rhizosphere soil of tea plantations in Heshan. The mismanagement of tea plantations increased the relative abundance ofBasidiomycota, but significantly decreased the relative abundance ofMortierellomycota. The fungal richness, Chao1 index, and ACE index were significantly lower in the mismanaging tea plantation than in the healthy tea plantation. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, organic matter, and available nitrogen were the primary driving factors for the differences of soil fungal β diversity. The soil pH, total phosphorus, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+, available phosphorus, and available potassium were significantly correlated with the fungal taxa. Compared with the healthy tea plantation, the mismanaging tea plantation showed decreased relative abundance of core fungal taxa but increased relative abundance of medium and rare taxa. Ten of OTUs was common between healthy and mismanaging tea plantations. The pathogens causing tea gray blight, i.e.,Pseudopestalotiopsis theae andFusarium keratoplasticum, were identified in the healthy tea plantation. The relative abundance of biocontrol fungi,Trichoderma spirale andT.atroviride, significantly increased in the mismanaging tea plantation. The mismanaging tea plantation demonstrated increased relative abundance of pathotrophic, pathotrophic- saprotrophic-symbiotrophic, and symbiotrophic fungi but decreased relative abundance of saprotrophic-symbiotrophic fungi. [Conclusion] We elucidated the relationship of management mode with fungal community composition and soil physicochemical properties, providing the insights into the prevention and control of pathogens infecting black tea and the screening of biocontrol fungi in Heshan.

Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze  /  Heshan  /  fungi in rhizosphere soil  /  element content in soil  /  correlation
王星, 董义杰, 冯广达, 姚青, 柳陈坚, 朱红惠. 鹤山地区健康和失管茶园土壤真菌群落结构差异及其驱动因子分析. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (5) : 1417 -1435 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230579
Xing WANG, Yijie DONG, Guangda FENG, Qing YAO, Chenjian LIU, Honghui ZHU. Differences of soil fungal community structure and driving factors between healthy and mismanaging tea plantations in Heshan of southern China[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (5) : 1417 -1435 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230579
茶树[Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)]属于山茶科山茶属,是我国重要的叶用经济作物之一[1],种植面积和茶叶产量均居世界首位。茶产业已经成为我国重要的特色农业产业之一,在带动区域经济快速发展和农民增收致富等方面具有重要意义[2]。近年来,虽然国内茶叶的总产量不断增加,但其品质却没有得到明显改善,其中,茶园的管理方式是制约茶叶品质提高的关键因素之一[3-4]。茶园的管理方式主要包括种植模式、灌溉措施、施肥方式和杂草防控等[4]。科学合理的茶园管理方式能够改变微生物的群落结构和组成,改善土壤肥力,促进茶树的生长发育,对提高茶叶产量和品质具有重要意义。
茶园管理方式的不同会对茶园土壤中微生物群落的结构和多样性产生影响。有研究表明与单独种植核桃或茶树相比,间种核桃与茶树能够显著提高土壤肥力和酶活性,并且土壤中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)和捕虫霉门(Zoopagomycota)的相对丰度显著增加[5];而茶树与大豆间作能够通过改变茶树根围区细菌的群落组成,进而提高茶叶的质量和营养物质的吸收[6]。研究还发现节水灌溉能够增加土壤通透性,从而导致土壤中细菌和真菌的生物量明显提高[7-8];覆膜滴灌不仅提高了土壤中微生物的活性,也增加了真菌群落的种群多样性和物种丰度[9]。施肥也会对土壤微生物量产生影响,进而影响土壤有效养分的转化和储存。季凌飞等[10]研究了不同施肥方式对土壤中真菌群落的影响,发现施肥提高了土壤中接合菌门(Zygomycota)的相对丰度,而降低了子囊菌门(Ascomycota)的相对丰度。不同肥料对茶树根围土壤的理化性质和微生物代谢活性的影响不同,豆科绿肥和羊粪的施加提高了土壤中有机质和速效养分的含量,以及微生物对磷素的利用率也得以增强;同时也提高了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶和酸性磷酸酶等土壤酶的活性,有效改善茶园土壤肥力,提高根围土壤微生物群落丰度和群落的多样性[11]。此外,茶园杂草与茶树竞争水分、养分、阳光等资源,同时也易传播茶树病虫害;不同杂草防控措施对茶园土壤及土壤微生物群落的影响各异[4,12]。位于广东省江门市的鹤山红茶是我国著名的国家地理标志农产品,其保护范围内的茶园杂草的防控方式主要包括地膜覆盖、生草覆盖和人工除草[13]。本研究以鹤山红茶产地生态系统为研究对象,采集鹤山红茶主要种植区域中管理良好的健康茶园和管理不善的失管茶园土壤样品,利用高通量测序技术测定土壤中真菌群落多样性和丰度,通过分析土壤的理化性质和真菌群落组成之间的关系,并结合FUNGuild预测分析明确健康和失管茶园中土壤真菌群落功能的变化情况,探讨了茶园失管对土壤养分和真菌群落结构的影响,为鹤山红茶的病害防治及生防菌筛选指明了方向。
采样区域是鹤山市茶叶省级现代农业产业园,园区范围包括古劳镇、龙口镇、鹤城镇、宅梧镇和双合镇,在每个镇选择一个管理良好的健康茶园和一个管理不善的失管茶园(表1)。选择距离根系15 cm左右的土壤,去除土壤表面异物后,取距离地表10−20 cm深度的土壤样品,采用五点取样法在每个茶园中采集根围土壤样品5份。收集的样品保存在保温箱中,并迅速带回实验室充分混匀后过2 mm筛,分装、标记后分别保存在4 ℃冰箱、−80 ℃冰箱中待用。
土壤pH值采用电位法测定(HJ 962—2018)[14];总钾(total potassium, TK)和速效钾(available potassium, AK)采用森林土壤钾的测定法测定(LY/T 1234—2015)[15];交换性钙(exchangeable calcium, ExCa)和交换性镁(exchangeable magnesium, ExMg)采用土壤交换性钙和镁的测定法测定(NY/T 1121.13—2006)[16];全氮(total nitrogen, TN)采用土壤全氮测定法测定(NY/T 1121.24—2012)[17];水解性氮(hydrolisis nitrogen, HN)采用森林土壤氮的测定法测定(LY/T 1228—2015)[18];有机质(organic matter, OM)采用土壤有机质的测定——滴定法测定(NY/T 1121.6—2006)[19];土壤有效磷(available phosphorus, AP)采用森林土壤磷的测定法测定(LY/T 1232—2015)[20];总磷(total phosphorus, TP)采用碱熔-钼锑抗分光光度法测定[21]
土壤中总的基因组DNA采用磁珠法土壤和粪便基因组DNA提取试剂盒进行提取,得到总基因组DNA。利用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测基因组的完整性,同时利用超微量分光光度计检测基因组DNA质量。将基因组DNA的浓度调整至10 ng/μL作为模板,利用引物ITS-F (5′-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3′)和ITS-R (5′-GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC-3′)对真菌的ITS1-1F区域进行PCR扩增[22],随后采用Illumina NovaSeq-PE250测序策略进行测序,文库的构建和测序委托北京诺禾致源科技股份有限公司完成。本研究采用的原始数据NMDC40050729– NMDC40050778已存储在国家微生物科学数据中心(National Microbiology Data Center, NMDC) (https://nmdc.cn/)。其中,NMDC40050778为NMDC40050776去除有孔虫界序列的原始数据。
使用QIIME2软件首先把序列分为数个操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)并统计出每个土壤样品中OTU的情况,对比Unite (Release 8.2,http://unite.ut.ee/index.php)的真菌数据库中的序列和物种分类,在OTU序列相似水平达到97%基础上,采用Naive Bayes分类器的classify-sklearn算法进行生物信息分类学分析,统计各样本分别在门和属水平上的群落组成,并计算土壤样品中真菌的物种丰富度(richness index)、Shannon指数(Shannon index)和Chaol指数(Chao1 index)、ACE指数(ACE index)、辛普森指数(Simpson index)、均匀度指数(Pielou’s evenness)和覆盖度(coverage)等[23]。冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)是使用R软件对茶树根围土壤的真菌群落结构与环境变量进行去趋势对应分析(detrended correspondence analysis, DCA),然后根据梯度值确定模型类型,并分析绘图。利用R软件的stats包计算真菌类群和土壤理化性质之间的相关性,进一步利用igraph包绘制根围土壤真菌类群和环境因子间的相关性网络图。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验法分析健康和失管茶园间差异真菌类群。采用FUNGuild分析茶树根围土壤真菌群落的功能。
在鹤山红茶的5个主要种植区共采集了土壤样品49份,其中健康茶园的土壤样品25份,失管茶园的土壤样品24份。通过对土壤中有机质(OM)、有效磷(AP)、全氮(TN)、水解性氮(HN)、总磷(TP)、总钾(TK)、速效钾(AK)、交换性钙(ExCa)、交换性镁(ExMg)以及pH的检测,发现健康茶园中土壤的pH值显著高于失管茶园的土壤pH值;然而健康和失管茶园中其他的土壤理化性质无显著变化(表2)。
在茶园土壤中共鉴定到986个OTUs,它们分布在10个已知的真菌门和1个未鉴定的真菌门。其中,担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)和子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为优势菌门(图1A);而在属水平的分析结果表明茶园土壤中鉴定到的真菌分布在343个已知属,其优势菌属为Saitozyma属和被孢霉属(Mortierella) (图1B)。研究发现茶园失管对土壤真菌的丰富度与多样数指数有不同的影响,失管茶园的丰富度指数、Chao1指数和ACE指数显著低于健康茶园,而覆盖度指数显著高于健康茶园(表3)。门水平的分析结果表明,失管茶园中担子菌门的相对丰度高于健康茶园;而被孢霉门的则显著低于健康茶园(图1A);属水平的分析结果表明鹤山地区茶园中土壤真菌的优势菌属为Saitozyma属,但是在健康茶园和失管茶园中该属的相对丰度没有明显改变;失管茶园中被孢霉属(Mortierella)的相对丰度显著降低,而木霉属(Trichoderma)和双担子菌属(Geminibasidium)的相对丰度则显著升高(图1B)。
此外,OTUs水平分析的结果表明OTU8 (M.camargensis)、OTU2 [产芽孢被孢霉(M.gemmifera)]、OTU11 [类变形被孢霉(M.amoeboidea)]和OTU12 [茶拟盘多毛孢(Pseudopestalotiopsis theae)]在失管茶园中的相对丰度显著降低;而OTU7 (M.nantahalensis)、OTU9 [螺旋木霉(Trichoderma spirale)]和OTU25 (Geminibasidium)在失管茶园中的相对丰度显著升高(图1C)。上述结果表明茶园失管会导致土壤中真菌的群落结构发生显著变化。
在根际土壤中共鉴定到986个OTUs,健康茶园和失管茶园中分别鉴定到814个和691个OTUs。其中,健康茶园特有的OTUs是295个,失管茶园特有的OTUs是172个,共有的OTUs是519个。根据核心类群(检出率为100%,相对丰度 > 0.05%)、中间类群(检出率 > 65% 且≤100%,相对丰度 > 0.001%)和稀有类群(检出率 < 65%,相对丰度 < 0.001%)的标准对真菌类群进行划分,研究发现,健康茶园中核心类群、中间类群和稀有类群的OTUs数目分别为12、49和753个,其相对丰度分别占70.38%、19.08%和10.54%;而失管茶园中核心类群、中间类群和稀有类群的OTUs数目分别为10、36和645个,其相对丰度分别占61.25%、23.14%和15.61%。与健康茶园相比,失管茶园中间类群的OTUs数目降低,而稀有类群的OTUs数目增加,总体上核心类群的相对丰度呈降低趋势,中间类群和稀有类群的相对丰度增加(图2A2B)。进一步对核心类群进行分析发现,健康茶园和失管茶园共有的OTUs是10个,包括OTU1 (S.podzolica)、OTU2 [产芽孢被孢霉(M.gemmifera)]、OTU7 (M.nantahalensis)、OTU8 (M.camargensis)、OTU9 [螺旋木霉(T.spirale)]、OTU10 [深绿木霉(T.atroviride)]、OTU12 [茶拟盘多毛孢(P.theae)]、OTU16 (Chaetosphaeria chloroconia)、OTU17 (Gliocladiopsis curvata)和OTU26 [阿比让青霉(Penicillium abidjanum)]。健康茶园特有的核心OTUs共2个,分别为OTU6 [短小被孢霉(M.humilis)]和OTU30 [角化可塑镰孢菌(F.keratoplasticum)] (图2C2D)。
土壤总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、有效磷(AP)、有机质(OM)和水解性氮(HN)是真菌β多样性差异的主要环境驱动因子,第一轴和第二轴共承载了85.62%的真菌β多样性变化。其中,总氮(R2=0.282,P=0.003)、总磷(R2=0.362,P=0.001)、有效磷(R2=0.227,P=0.005)、有机质(R2=0.189,P=0.015)和水解性氮(R2=0.163,P=0.022)显著影响了被孢霉属(Mortierella)和Saitozyma属等真菌类群的结构和分布(图3A)。我们也分析了土壤环境因子与核心类群之间的关系,结果表明在健康茶园中总磷(R2=0.334,P=0.017)显著影响了被孢霉属(Mortierella)、Saitozyma属、假拟盘多毛孢属(Pseudopestalotiopsis)和木霉属(Trichoderma)等真菌类群的结构和分布;而在失管茶园中总磷(R2=0.490,P=0.003)、有效磷(R2=0.447,P=0.002)、总氮(R2=0.374,P=0.016)和有效钾(R2=0.307,P=0.022)显著影响了被孢霉属(Mortierella)、Saitozyma属、木霉属(Trichoderma)和链格孢属(Alternaria)等真菌类群的结构和分布(图3B)。
土壤pH、总磷、交换性镁、交换性钙、有效磷和有效钾等环境因子与真菌物种间存在显著的相关性。其中,pH与子囊菌门的OTU201 [泛生漆斑菌(Myrothecium inundatum)]、OTU226 [花序棘壳孢(Pyrenochaeta inflorescentiae)]、OTU341 (Westerdykella dispersa)、OTU286 [隔孢假壳科(Didymosphaeriaceae)]、OTU509 (Sympoventuriaceae)和OTU303 [葡萄穗霉科(Stachybotryaceae)]之间存在显著的正相关,而与担子菌门的OTU38 (Gymnopilus lepidotus)存在显著的负相关;总磷与担子菌门的OTU11 [类变形被孢霉(M.amoeboidea)]以及子囊菌门的OTU14 [轮枝菌属(Gibellulopsis)]、OTU21 (Roussoella solani)、OTU62 (Arthropsis hispanica)和OTU87 [黄绿绿僵菌(Metarhizium flavoviride)]之间存在显著的正相关,而与子囊菌门的OTU70 (A.eichhorniae)、OTU90 (A.eichhorniae)、OTU130 (A.neoniveus)以及担子菌门的OTU139 [蚜虫莫氏黑粉菌(Moesziomyces aphidis)]和OTU293 (Wallemia sebi)之间存在显著的正相关;有效磷与子囊菌门的OTU87 [黄绿绿僵菌(M.flavoviride)]、OTU205 (Chrysosporium)、OTU5 [毛壳菌科(Chaetomiaceae)]和OTU14 [轮枝菌属(Gibellulopsis)]之间存在显著的正相关,而与子囊菌门的OTU335 (A.eichhorniae)、OTU70 (A.eichhorniae)、OTU90 (A.eichhorniae)、OTU354 (A.eichhorniae)和担子菌门的OTU139 [蚜虫莫氏黑粉菌(Moesziomyces aphidis)]之间存在显著的负相关。有效钾与子囊菌门的OTU335 (A.eichhorniae)、OTU70 (A.eichhorniae)、OTU354 (A.eichhorniae)以及担子菌门的OTU220 (Tomentella beaverae)之间存在显著的负相关(图4)。
我们进一步采用Wilcoxon秩和检验法分析了健康茶园与失管茶园中相对丰度发生显著变化的真菌类群(图5)。发现共有43个OTUs的相对丰度发生了显著变化。其中,包括子囊菌门的27个OTUs,分布在FodinomycesPyrenochaetaAlternariaRoussoellaCladophialophoraPhialophoraAspergillusTalaromycesArthrographisFusariumGamsiaGibellulopsisArthropsisScedosporiumHumicolaStaphylotrichum、ScytalidiumStephanonectriaAcremonium等19个已知属;担子菌门的8个OTUs,分布在TomentellaTrechisporaHasegawazymaFibulochlamysMoesziomyces等5个已知的属;被孢霉门的4个OTUs均为被孢霉属;毛霉门的1个OTU为Gongronella属;球囊菌门的2个OTUs均为未知属;此外,还包括1个未鉴定的OTU (图5)。
与健康茶园相比,失管茶园中HasegawazymaAspergillus (A.neoniveus)、MoesziomycesTalaromycesFodinomycesAlternariaGongronella等7个属的相对丰度显著上调;而StephanonectriaFusariumGibellulopsisScytalidiumPhialophoraMortierellaStaphylotrichumRoussoellaPyrenochaetaHumicolaAcremoniumGamsiaTrechisporaFibulochlamysScedosporiumCladophialophoraArthrographisArthropsis等18个属的相对丰度显著下调。上述结果表明,两种茶园的真菌类群相对丰度具有显著差异。
失管茶园中病原营养型(pathotroph)、病原-腐生-共生过渡型(pathotroph-saprotroph- symbiotroph)和共生营养型(symbiotroph)真菌的相对丰度较健康茶园明显增加;而腐生-共生过渡型(saprotroph-symbiotroph)真菌的相对丰度则显著降低(图6A);茶园土壤中内生菌-凋落腐生-土壤腐生-未定义腐生菌(endophyte-litter saprotroph- soil saprotroph-undefined saprotroph)占主导优势,但是失管茶园的相对丰度由29.62%降低到18.01% (图6B);此外,研究还发现失管茶园的动物病原菌-内生菌-附生菌-真菌寄生菌-植物病原菌-木质腐生菌(animal pathogen-endophyte- epiphyte-fungal parasite-plant pathogen-wood saprotroph)、未定义腐生菌(undefined saprotroph)、动物病原菌-内生菌-附生菌-植物病原菌-木质腐生菌(animal pathogen-endophyte-plant pathogen-wood saprotroph)、排泄物腐生菌-外生菌根-土壤腐生真菌-木质腐生菌(dung saprotroph-ectomycorrhizal- soil saprotroph-wood saprotroph)、地衣共生菌(lichenized)和植物病原菌(plant pathogen)等真菌的相对丰度显著升高;而动物病原菌-内生菌-杜鹃花类菌根-植物病原菌-木质腐生菌(animal pathogen-endophyte-ericoid mycorrhizal-plant pathogen-wood saprotroph)、动物病原菌-内生菌-地衣寄生菌-植物病原菌-土壤腐生真菌-木质腐生菌(animal pathogen-endophyte-lichen parasite-plant pathogen-soil saprotroph-wood saprotroph)、木质腐生菌(wood saprotroph)、动物病原菌-真菌寄生菌-未定义腐生菌(animal pathogen-fungal parasite-undefined saprotroph)和动物病原菌-内生菌-植物病原菌-未定义腐生菌(animal pathogen- endophyte-plant pathogen-undefined saprotroph)等真菌的相对丰度显著降低(图6B)。
根围土壤微生物群落对茶树的生长发育以及茶树对病害和胁迫的抵抗具有重要作用[22,24]。本研究通过对广东省江门市鹤山地区茶树根围土壤真菌多样性的研究发现,茶树根围土壤真菌群落在门水平上以担子菌门、被孢霉门和子囊菌门为主,并且Saitozyma属、被孢霉属、木霉属和双担子菌属的分布较为广泛。万人源等[25]对云南省西双版纳州勐海县代表性3座古茶山中土壤真菌多样性进行研究发现,子囊菌门和担子菌门是优势菌门;优势真菌类群则以Archaeorhizomyces、隐球菌属、外瓶霉属、绿僵菌属、镰刀菌属、毛壳菌属和被孢霉属等类群为主。影响茶园土壤真菌群落多样性和丰度的因素比较复杂,主要包括土壤类型、植被情况、植茶年限及土壤的养分等。此外,茶园中的枯枝落叶和修剪物较多,木质素含量高,为子囊菌门和担子菌门的生长提供了较好的生存环境,因此,这些类群成为茶园土壤中的优势类群[26]。我们发现在健康茶园和失管茶园中S.podzolica相对丰度最高,分别高达37.83%和37.27%。Saitozyma属可能是茶树真菌类群的生物标志物(biomarker),对茶树的生理代谢过程和茶的风味产生深远影响[27]。茶园土壤真菌群落结构受多方面因素的影响,除茶树叶片凋落物本身特性外,还与茶树根系的分泌物、土壤有机质和pH等有关[25,28]。本研究发现土壤的总氮、总磷、有效磷、有机质和水解性氮是茶园土壤真菌β多样性差异的主要驱动因子,而土壤的pH、总磷、交换性镁、交换性钙、有效磷和有效钾等环境因子与子囊菌门和担子菌门等真菌物种间存在显著的相关性。我们还发现茶树根围土壤pH与子囊菌门的相对丰度呈现出显著的负相关,这与之前的研究结果一致[29]
核心微生物群是与特定寄主植物系统相关的微生物群落,它们影响着宿主植物的生理、生长和健康[30-31]。基于不同真菌物种的检出率和相对丰度,我们提出了茶树核心类群的标准:即检出率为100%,相对丰度 > 0.05%。通过健康茶园和失管茶园中核心类群分析,发现它们共有的核心OTUs是10个,其相对丰度分别占到了70.38%和61.25%,失管茶园相对健康茶园的土壤真菌核心类群的相对丰度显著降低。尤其值得关注的是,我们在茶树根际土壤真菌的核心类群中发现了茶树的轮斑病病原菌茶拟盘多毛孢(P.theae),据报道贵州湄潭县轮斑病菌为卵圆新拟盘多毛孢菌(Neopestalotiopsis ellipsospora)[32]、贵州惠水县病菌为茶假拟盘多毛孢(Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis)[33]、贵州开阳县[34]、福建福州市病菌为茶拟盘多毛孢[35],茶轮斑病菌可导致茶叶产量损失10%−20%[36]。在健康茶园和失管茶园中的相对丰度分别为2.36%和0.59%。有研究表明常规茶园中它的相对丰度为1.01%[37],而本研究发现健康茶园中其相对丰度高达2.36%,这一结果暗示鹤山茶园需要预防茶轮斑病的发生。此外,健康茶园还发现了核心类群F.keratoplasticum,研究表明该菌能引起国槐根茎腐烂病[38];茄腐镰刀菌(F.solani)和层生镰刀菌(F.proliferatum)分别能引起茶幼苗、油茶根腐病[39-40]F.keratoplasticum有可能为尚未报道的茶根腐病病原菌,需要深入调查鹤山茶根腐病并经科赫法则验证。与健康茶园相比,失管茶园核心类群中T.spirale、T.atroviride的丰度显著提高,木霉属是重要的生防菌来源,这可能是失管茶园核心类群缺乏茶拟盘多毛孢和F.keratoplasticum的原因,以木霉菌丰富的鹤山镇、龙口镇、双合镇和宅梧镇失管茶园根围土壤分离并筛选抗病促生的木霉菌或许是筛选生防菌的有效途径。有研究表明子囊菌门是农业土壤中最大的真菌类群,其丰富度与土壤的养分有关[41];担子菌在降解木质纤维素方面也发挥着重要作用[42];腐生真菌被孢霉在富含有机质的土壤中丰度很高,为土壤碳及养分转化的关键微生物成员[43]。我们的研究发现健康和失管茶园中差异显著的真菌类群,主要分布在子囊菌门、担子菌门、被孢霉门等。其中,失管茶园中子囊菌门的瓶霉属、镰刀菌属、棘壳孢属等15个属的相对丰度比健康茶园显著下调。研究发现失管茶园的土壤pH值4.22相对健康茶园4.72显著较低,并且土壤pH值与子囊菌门的相对丰度呈现出显著的正相关。然而,究竟是高丰度的子囊菌门降解有机质降低了pH值还是pH值降低导致子囊菌门丰度提高,尚需要进一步的研究。
有机管理方式提高了茶园中腐生营养型真菌含量,抑制了病理营养型真菌的生长[37]。王峰等[44]研究发现不同施肥模式之间真菌的营养类型以腐生营养型为主,当加入新的有机质后土壤病理营养型真菌相对丰度显著降低了,而腐生营养型真菌的相对丰度则显著提高,这有利于降低茶园中土传病害风险。本研究发现,在健康茶园中,腐生-共生过渡型为主要功能营养型;而在失管茶园中,该类型真菌的相对丰度相对显著较低;同时,失管茶园中病原营养型和病原-腐生-共生过渡型真菌类群的相对丰度相对明显较高,而核心类群中茶拟盘多毛孢丰度却显著低于健康茶园,表明失管茶园中的病原菌种类可能更多。与健康茶园相比,失管茶园中动物病原菌-内生菌-附生菌-真菌寄生菌-植物病原菌-木质腐生菌、动物病原菌-内生菌-附生菌-植物病原菌-木质腐生菌和植物病原菌的相对丰度相对健康茶园显著较高,表明昆虫病原菌、病原菌及腐生菌的种类可能较多。此外,在失管茶园中动物病原菌-内生菌-杜鹃花类菌根-植物病原菌-木质腐生菌、动物病原菌-内生菌-地衣寄生菌-植物病原菌-土壤腐生真菌-木质腐生菌和木质腐生菌等真菌类群的相对丰度显著降低,与动物病原菌-内生菌-附生菌-真菌寄生菌-植物病原菌-木质腐生菌、动物病原菌-内生菌-附生菌-植物病原菌-木质腐生菌和植物病原菌相比杜鹃花类菌根菌、地衣寄生菌的丰度降低导致了该类群的丰度降低,而杜鹃花类菌根菌、地衣寄生菌丰度的降低可能是其他类群的营养竞争导致的。有研究表明茶树根际土壤真菌中未定义腐生菌、木质腐生菌、丛枝菌根、外生菌根、真菌寄生物和植物病原菌的相对丰度较高,并且约63.7%−73.32%的真菌功能未被解析[45]。综上所述,我们的结果明确了鹤山地区健康茶园和失管茶园中真菌群落组成的差异以及驱动茶园土壤真菌群落结构变化的关键因素,初步揭示了健康茶园与失管茶园中茶树根围土壤真菌群落变化与土壤养分之间的关系,为鹤山茶园潜在病害的防治及生防菌的分离与筛选指明了方向。
  • 广东省科技计划(2021B1212050022)
  • 省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目(2022-440000-43010104-9463)
  • 广东特支计划(2021JC06N628)
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2024年第64卷第5期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230579
  • 接收时间:2023-09-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-05-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-11
  • 录用日期:2024-02-07
基金
Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(2021B1212050022)
广东省科技计划(2021B1212050022)
Project of Seed Industry Revitalization(2022-440000-43010104-9463)
省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目(2022-440000-43010104-9463)
Guangdong Special Support Program(2021JC06N628)
广东特支计划(2021JC06N628)
作者信息
    1 昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院, 云南 昆明 650500
    2 广东省科学院微生物研究所 华南应用微生物国家重点实验室 农业农村部农业微生物组学与精准应用重点实验室 农业农村部农业微生物组学重点实验室 广东省菌种保藏与应用重点实验室, 广东 广州 510070
    3 华南农业大学园艺学院 广东省荔枝工程技术研究中心, 广东 广州, 510642

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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