Article(id=1241376212015182389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241376204247331313, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230753, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1701878400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1706716800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-02-01, onlineDate=1773896752599, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1714752000000, pubDateStr=2024-05-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773896752599, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773896752599, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773896752599, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241376204247331313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='5', pageStart='1331', pageEnd='1682', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773896750747, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897643611, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241379949253284790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241376204247331313, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241379949253284791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241376204247331313, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1580, endPage=1592, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241376214863114911, articleId=1241376212015182389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Antagonistic activity and identification of antagonistic bacteria JB7 againstFusarium head blight, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused byFusarium graminearum is one of the major diseases limiting wheat production. Biocontrol has been considered an effective and sustainable method for the control of crop diseases. [Objective] To screen out endophytic strains with inhibitory effects onF.graminearum from wheat grains and evaluate their biocontrol potential, providing strain resources and theoretical support for the development and utilization of biocontrol agents against FHB in wheat. [Methods] Plate confrontation, spore germination, and cell-free supernatant (CFS) inhibition experiments were carried out to screen out the endophytic strains with antagonistic activity againstF.graminearum from wheat grains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were employed to observe the conidial morphology, membrane integrity, and mycelial reactive oxygen species ofF.graminearum treated with the CFS. Pot experiments were performed to verify the biocontrol effects of the endophytic bacteria on FHB. Illumina HiSeq was used for whole genome sequencing. [Results] A highly efficient endophytic strain JB7 inhibiting the growth ofF.graminearum was isolated from wheat grains. The CFS of strain JB7 in the decline stage showed the inhibition rate of 85.23% on the spore germination ofF.graminearum. Moreover, it led to concavity on spore surface, cell membrane damage, leakage of nucleic acids and proteins, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the mycelia ofF.graminearum. The CFS of strain JB7 significantly increased the content of soluble protein and malondialdehyde. Strain JB7 could produce protease, cellulase, glucanase, and siderophores. Pot experiments showed that strain JB7 decreased the disease index of FHB (P < 0.05) in wheat. The strain was identified asBacillus methylotrophic JB7 by whole genome sequencing, and it carried 12 gene clusters for the synthesis of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial functions. [Conclusion] Strain JB7 could inhibit the growth ofF.graminearum and demonstrated a strong control effect on FHB, serving as a candidate strain for the biocontrol of FHB in wheat.

, correspAuthors=Weihui XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*XU Weihui, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu BI, Lin ZHANG, Hongfeng YU, Zhigang WANG, Weihui XU, Yang LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241376217660715939, articleId=1241376212015182389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=小麦赤霉病拮抗菌JB7的拮抗活性及鉴定, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

由禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum, Fg)引起的赤霉病是限制小麦生产的主要病害之一。生物防治是一种高效且可持续的防治方法。【目的】从小麦种子内筛选具有抑制禾谷镰刀菌的菌株并对其生防潜力进行评估,为小麦赤霉病生防制剂的开发与利用提供菌种资源及理论支撑。【方法】采用平板对峙、孢子萌发法和无菌上清液抑菌试验筛选小麦种子内对禾谷镰刀菌具有拮抗活性的内生菌株;利用扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)和共聚焦扫描电镜(confocal laser scanning microscope, CLSM)观察并分析无菌上清液对Fg的分生孢子形态、膜完整性以及胞内活性氧的影响;通过盆栽试验验证内生菌对小麦赤霉病的生防效果;应用二代Illumina HiSeq测序平台进行全基因组测序。【结果】从小麦种子中分离出一株高效抑制Fg生长的内生菌株JB7,其衰亡期无菌上清液对Fg孢子萌发抑制率高达85.23%。菌株JB7的无菌上清液使Fg孢子表面凹陷,破坏其细胞膜,造成核酸和蛋白质的渗漏,诱导Fg菌丝活性氧的累积,引起Fg菌丝可溶性蛋白和丙二醛含量的显著升高。该菌株具有分泌蛋白酶、纤维素酶、葡聚糖酶和产铁载体的能力。盆栽试验表明菌株JB7能显著降低小麦赤霉病的病情指数(P < 0.05)。经全基因组学鉴定为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus) JB7,该菌株基因组中含有12个抑菌功能的次级代谢产物合成基因簇。【结论】菌株JB7能抑制禾谷镰刀菌的生长,对小麦赤霉病有较强的防效,可作为生物防治小麦赤霉病的候选菌株。

, correspAuthors=徐伟慧, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=IDU6O8QQDnLEUO28AXnHNw==, magXml=fYz6EE7GtEbRaMDZNxDq9w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=qz5ZNJTTqvRNGgLH+1xqcw==, pdfFileSize=1052260, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Sr6pPM7NWSytFQgQx8ahjA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=WfqAbRIpXd/z5ZDexv+p1w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=毕钰, 张琳, 余红凤, 王志刚, 徐伟慧, 李阳)}, authors=[Author(id=1241446118748385893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241446118865826414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, authorId=1241446118748385893, language=EN, stringName=Yu BI, firstName=Yu, middleName=null, lastName=BI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 College of Life Sciences and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
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2 Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
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2 黑龙江省农业微生物制剂产业化技术创新中心, 黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
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2 Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
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2 黑龙江省农业微生物制剂产业化技术创新中心, 黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
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DE2 on the growth of three leguminous forage seedlings[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2023,31(9):2642-2652 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Effects ofErwinia sp. 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A: Growth curve of antagonistic strains. B: Inhibition effect of biocontrol strains on Fg in plate confrontation experiment. C: Inhibitory effect of cell-free supernatant (CFS) from the antagonistic strains on germination of Fg spores. D: Inhibitory effect of CFS from the antagonistic strains on Fg colony. The data with different letters on column chart are significantly different atP < 0.05. The same below., figureFileSmall=zCn2gOoU7bgTVqLWNIXuog==, figureFileBig=CfC587nI69UN0xctly8s5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446124301644664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=CN, label=图1, caption=拮抗菌株对禾谷镰刀菌的抑制效果, figureFileSmall=zCn2gOoU7bgTVqLWNIXuog==, figureFileBig=CfC587nI69UN0xctly8s5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446124452639613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=SEM images of Fg conidia exposed to various treatments. A: Sterile LB medium (negative control). B: CFS from strain JB7. C: Amphotericin B (positive control). NC: Negative control; PC: Positive control. The same below. The red arrow indicates the obvious wrinkling of the cell membrane., figureFileSmall=VlTme+yRGuAk75i7iQFhcQ==, figureFileBig=phC6wYW2ygccBkreOHLl9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446124632994687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同处理下Fg分生孢子的扫描电镜成像, figureFileSmall=VlTme+yRGuAk75i7iQFhcQ==, figureFileBig=phC6wYW2ygccBkreOHLl9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446124716880773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effects of different treatments on the integrity of Fg membrane. A: Sterile LB medium. B: CFS from strain JB7. C: Amphotericin B. D: Leakage of nucleic acid (OD260) and proteins (OD280). The arrow indicates the site of cell membrane damage., figureFileSmall=UitP5oqZckyyrzEE08cI8A==, figureFileBig=cAGPMTg2Bd+UWvvzVLZPcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446124838515592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=CN, label=图3, caption=  不同处理对Fg细胞膜完整性的影响, figureFileSmall=UitP5oqZckyyrzEE08cI8A==, figureFileBig=cAGPMTg2Bd+UWvvzVLZPcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446124930790286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Determination of intracellular ROS production by DCFH staining. A: Fg mycelia were cultured in CFS from JB7. B: Fg mycelia were cultured in LB medium. C: Fluorescence intensity was quantified by Image J., figureFileSmall=PaboWQPTfsl/6bxPd5UC0A==, figureFileBig=FjWLPgh7LVIebAnzejFl2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446125216002969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=CN, label=图4, caption=  DCFH染色法检测细胞内活性氧的产生, figureFileSmall=PaboWQPTfsl/6bxPd5UC0A==, figureFileBig=FjWLPgh7LVIebAnzejFl2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446125341832093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=The content of MDA and soluble protein in Fg mycelia. A: MDA. B: Soluble protein. * indicates a significant difference (P < 0.05) compared with control; **** wasP < 0.000 1., figureFileSmall=Gkat/sF/+ymyaMQ5s8LylQ==, figureFileBig=jRPywlysajcxr87aLlF43w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446125459272610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Fg菌丝中MDA和可溶性蛋白含量, figureFileSmall=Gkat/sF/+ymyaMQ5s8LylQ==, figureFileBig=jRPywlysajcxr87aLlF43w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446127124411307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Strain JB7 secreted siderophores and extracellular hydrolase. A: Siderophores. B: Protease. C: Cellulase. D: Dextranase., figureFileSmall=mtn/pioFMP4conkG8hPf1w==, figureFileBig=3yszQDYX1hdptmpoK1+v/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446127216685998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=CN, label=图6, caption=菌株JB7分泌铁载体及胞外水解酶, figureFileSmall=mtn/pioFMP4conkG8hPf1w==, figureFileBig=3yszQDYX1hdptmpoK1+v/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446127367680951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Genomic map of strain JB7 and phylogenetic tree analysis. A: Phylogenetic tree of strain JB7. B: Genome map of strain JB7, circles from outer to inner: genome size (Mb), forward-strand genes, reverse-strand genes, nomenclature and position of predicted secondary metabolite gene clusters, G+C content, G+C-skew value., figureFileSmall=PjO7mRSInuPc6epoN/Oexw==, figureFileBig=LswZjNoh9z/JzapAwob/Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446127581590465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=CN, label=图7, caption=  菌株JB7的系统进化树及基因组图谱分析, figureFileSmall=PjO7mRSInuPc6epoN/Oexw==, figureFileBig=LswZjNoh9z/JzapAwob/Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446127682253763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effect of JB7's cell-free supernatant on the electric conductivities ofFusarium graminearum culture

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Stress time (h)Electric conductivity (mS/cm)
Data in the table are mean ± standard deviation. Different letters indicated significant differences among values atP < 0.05.
010.72±0.02e
110.88±0.02d
310.90±0.03c
611.09±0.02b
911.28±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1241446127782917068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

  JB7 CFS对禾谷镰刀菌培养液电导率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Stress time (h)Electric conductivity (mS/cm)
Data in the table are mean ± standard deviation. Different letters indicated significant differences among values atP < 0.05.
010.72±0.02e
110.88±0.02d
310.90±0.03c
611.09±0.02b
911.28±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1241446127896163282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of different treatments on field control ofFusarium head blight

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Treatment groupDisease indexPrevention effect (%)
Data in the table are mean ± standard deviation, blank means no such item. Different letters indicated significant differences among values atP < 0.05.
Water56.63±0.52a
JB723.15±0.80c59.13±1.42a
LB45.20±0.35b20.20±0.62b
Carbendazim43.84±1.51b22.59±2.67b
), ArticleFig(id=1241446127992632280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376212015182389, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

  不同处理对小麦赤霉病防治效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Treatment groupDisease indexPrevention effect (%)
Data in the table are mean ± standard deviation, blank means no such item. Different letters indicated significant differences among values atP < 0.05.
Water56.63±0.52a
JB723.15±0.80c59.13±1.42a
LB45.20±0.35b20.20±0.62b
Carbendazim43.84±1.51b22.59±2.67b
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小麦赤霉病拮抗菌JB7的拮抗活性及鉴定
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毕钰 1, 2, 3 , 张琳 1, 2, 3 , 余红凤 1, 2, 3 , 王志刚 1, 2, 3 , 徐伟慧 1, 2, 3, * , 李阳 1
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(5): 1580-1592
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(5): 1580-1592
小麦赤霉病拮抗菌JB7的拮抗活性及鉴定
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毕钰1, 2, 3, 张琳1, 2, 3, 余红凤1, 2, 3, 王志刚1, 2, 3, 徐伟慧1, 2, 3, * , 李阳1
作者信息
  • 1 齐齐哈尔大学生命科学与农林学院, 黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
  • 2 黑龙江省农业微生物制剂产业化技术创新中心, 黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
  • 3 黑龙江省农用生物制剂产业化协同创新中心, 黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
Antagonistic activity and identification of antagonistic bacteria JB7 againstFusarium head blight
Yu BI1, 2, 3, Lin ZHANG1, 2, 3, Hongfeng YU1, 2, 3, Zhigang WANG1, 2, 3, Weihui XU1, 2, 3, * , Yang LI1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Life Sciences and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
  • 2 Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
  • 3 Heilongjiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agrobiological Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
出版时间: 2024-05-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230753
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由禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum, Fg)引起的赤霉病是限制小麦生产的主要病害之一。生物防治是一种高效且可持续的防治方法。【目的】从小麦种子内筛选具有抑制禾谷镰刀菌的菌株并对其生防潜力进行评估,为小麦赤霉病生防制剂的开发与利用提供菌种资源及理论支撑。【方法】采用平板对峙、孢子萌发法和无菌上清液抑菌试验筛选小麦种子内对禾谷镰刀菌具有拮抗活性的内生菌株;利用扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)和共聚焦扫描电镜(confocal laser scanning microscope, CLSM)观察并分析无菌上清液对Fg的分生孢子形态、膜完整性以及胞内活性氧的影响;通过盆栽试验验证内生菌对小麦赤霉病的生防效果;应用二代Illumina HiSeq测序平台进行全基因组测序。【结果】从小麦种子中分离出一株高效抑制Fg生长的内生菌株JB7,其衰亡期无菌上清液对Fg孢子萌发抑制率高达85.23%。菌株JB7的无菌上清液使Fg孢子表面凹陷,破坏其细胞膜,造成核酸和蛋白质的渗漏,诱导Fg菌丝活性氧的累积,引起Fg菌丝可溶性蛋白和丙二醛含量的显著升高。该菌株具有分泌蛋白酶、纤维素酶、葡聚糖酶和产铁载体的能力。盆栽试验表明菌株JB7能显著降低小麦赤霉病的病情指数(P < 0.05)。经全基因组学鉴定为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus) JB7,该菌株基因组中含有12个抑菌功能的次级代谢产物合成基因簇。【结论】菌株JB7能抑制禾谷镰刀菌的生长,对小麦赤霉病有较强的防效,可作为生物防治小麦赤霉病的候选菌株。

小麦赤霉病  /  禾谷镰刀菌  /  甲基营养型芽孢杆菌  /  生物防治  /  活性氧积累

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused byFusarium graminearum is one of the major diseases limiting wheat production. Biocontrol has been considered an effective and sustainable method for the control of crop diseases. [Objective] To screen out endophytic strains with inhibitory effects onF.graminearum from wheat grains and evaluate their biocontrol potential, providing strain resources and theoretical support for the development and utilization of biocontrol agents against FHB in wheat. [Methods] Plate confrontation, spore germination, and cell-free supernatant (CFS) inhibition experiments were carried out to screen out the endophytic strains with antagonistic activity againstF.graminearum from wheat grains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were employed to observe the conidial morphology, membrane integrity, and mycelial reactive oxygen species ofF.graminearum treated with the CFS. Pot experiments were performed to verify the biocontrol effects of the endophytic bacteria on FHB. Illumina HiSeq was used for whole genome sequencing. [Results] A highly efficient endophytic strain JB7 inhibiting the growth ofF.graminearum was isolated from wheat grains. The CFS of strain JB7 in the decline stage showed the inhibition rate of 85.23% on the spore germination ofF.graminearum. Moreover, it led to concavity on spore surface, cell membrane damage, leakage of nucleic acids and proteins, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the mycelia ofF.graminearum. The CFS of strain JB7 significantly increased the content of soluble protein and malondialdehyde. Strain JB7 could produce protease, cellulase, glucanase, and siderophores. Pot experiments showed that strain JB7 decreased the disease index of FHB (P < 0.05) in wheat. The strain was identified asBacillus methylotrophic JB7 by whole genome sequencing, and it carried 12 gene clusters for the synthesis of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial functions. [Conclusion] Strain JB7 could inhibit the growth ofF.graminearum and demonstrated a strong control effect on FHB, serving as a candidate strain for the biocontrol of FHB in wheat.

Fusarium head blight  /  Fusarium graminearum  /  Bacillus methylotrophicus  /  biocontrol  /  accumulation of reactive oxygen species
毕钰, 张琳, 余红凤, 王志刚, 徐伟慧, 李阳. 小麦赤霉病拮抗菌JB7的拮抗活性及鉴定. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (5) : 1580 -1592 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230753
Yu BI, Lin ZHANG, Hongfeng YU, Zhigang WANG, Weihui XU, Yang LI. Antagonistic activity and identification of antagonistic bacteria JB7 againstFusarium head blight[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (5) : 1580 -1592 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230753
小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)是人类最主要的粮食作物之一,但近年来由于气候和种植方式的变化,小麦赤霉病大规模流行与暴发,对全球小麦种植和食品安全构成了严重威胁。小麦赤霉病主要由禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum, Fg)引起,在小麦整个生长阶段都可受其浸染,可引起小麦根腐、茎腐和穗腐等问题,其中以穗腐的危害最为严重[1]。植物内生菌不仅能够促进植物生长,同时也是新型活性化合物的储存库。利用内生菌作为生物接种剂,在保护作物免受植物病原体侵害和促进植物健康生长方面取得了显著进展[2]。Catambacan等从杂草中分离得到内生真菌,接种后大矮蕉的枯萎病发病率、叶片变黄程度、根茎变色程度均显著降低[3]。利用从提摩西草中分离的柱香菌降低了由枝孢菌引起的寄主植物的发病率[4]
芽孢杆菌是国内外研究和应用最多的生防菌类群,全基因组测序是认识和利用生防菌株的重要基础。生防微生物可以通过多种机制控制植物病原菌,包括葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶、纤维素酶和果胶酶,以及产生拮抗代谢物来抑制真菌分生孢子萌发,靶标真菌细胞膜和细胞壁[5],使胞内大分子物质泄漏,诱导菌丝细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)的积累从而对病原真菌产生损害[6-7]
低浓度活性氧作为细胞内许多分子事件的信使,也在次生代谢合成中发挥重要作用[8-9]。然而,体内积累过量的ROS会引起氧化应激反应(oxidative stress, OS),进而损伤细胞[7]。此外,丙二醛是公认的氧化损伤的生物标志物,其含量标志着细胞氧化损伤的程度。
本研究以内蒙古牙克石市特尼河农场的小麦种子为试验材料,筛选种子内拮抗禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum, Fg)的内生菌,研究优良菌株上清液对Fg的抑菌效果及田间防效,以期为小麦赤霉病生防菌剂的开发与应用提供菌种资源和理论依据。
供试病原真菌Fg由内蒙古农业大学植物病理实验室提供,于−80 ℃超低温冰箱中保存。分离拮抗菌来自内蒙古牙克石市特尼河农场中患有小麦赤霉病的地块,选取健康和患病小麦植株,样品被装在密封塑料袋中,以种子为分离材料。
肉汤培养基/培养液(LB)、小麦培养基(agar and wheat, AW)用于细菌菌株的分离和扩繁;马铃薯葡萄糖培养基/培养液(potato dextrose medium, PDA)用于真菌菌株的生长及抑菌谱的测定;4%绿豆汤培养液,用于诱导Fg分生孢子的产生;酵母培养基(yeast extract peptone dextrose, YEPD),用于悬浮Fg分生孢子。分别采用铁载体培养基(chrome azurol s, CAS)、葡聚糖酶培养基[1]、纤维素酶培养基[1]和蛋白酶培养基[10]进行微生物产铁载体、葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶能力的鉴定。
基因组DNA纯化试剂盒,普洛麦格(北京)生物技术有限公司;丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)测定试剂盒,南京建成生物工程研究所。
分别称取健康和患赤霉病的小麦种子20 g置于250 mL三角瓶中,先用无菌水冲洗2−3次后用75%的乙醇洗涤2−3次,放入已灭菌的研钵中研磨,待研磨充分后加入适量无菌水,摇匀后进行梯度稀释,取稀释倍数为10−5、10−6、10−7稀释液100 μL,分别涂布在LB、PDA、AW培养基上,每个梯度稀释液涂布3个平板,30 ℃倒置培养2−3 d,获得内生菌,根据菌落颜色和形状挑取不同的单菌落进行多次纯化,用浓度为20%的无菌甘油置于−20 ℃保存。
拮抗内生菌的筛选采用平板对峙培养法[11]。用直径1 cm的打孔器取培养5 d的Fg菌饼,接种于PDA培养基中央,将待测内生菌接种距病原真菌2 cm处,以单接Fg为对照,每个处理重复3次,25 ℃培养7 d,选取对病原真菌具有拮抗作用的细菌。
采用定量平板对峙法筛选对禾谷镰刀菌具有显著拮抗作用的菌株。将所有筛选的拮抗内生菌的浓度调整为1×108 CFU/mL,参照初筛方法,在距Fg菌饼2 cm处接种5 μL,将平板置于25 ℃恒温培养箱培养至对照组Fg菌丝长满皿底,测量对照组Fg菌落半径和Fg菌落边缘到拮抗内生菌接种点间的距离,抑菌率参照文献[12]计算,每组处理重复3次。
将拮抗菌株活化后接种于100 mL的LB液体培养基中,于30 ℃、180 r/min条件下振荡培养24 h至OD600为0.8−1.0,得到种子液。将种子液以1%接种量接种于250 mL的LB液体培养基中,30 ℃、180 r/min摇床培养,每隔3 h用分光光度计测定OD600处吸光度,根据培养87 h的数据绘制菌株的生长曲线。
将纯化后的拮抗内生菌以1%的接种量接种于盛有100 mL LB液体培养基的250 mL三角瓶中,180 r/min振荡培养至衰亡期,12 000 r/min离心10 min,上清液用0.22 μm滤膜过滤除菌得到CFS。Fg分生孢子的制备:挑取禾谷镰刀菌菌丝于4%绿豆汤培养液中,25 ℃、150 r/min振荡培养2−5 d。培养液用2层纱布进行过滤,3 500 r/min离心10 min收集孢子,然后用YEPD培养基重悬,并调整孢子浓度为1×106个/mL。在孢子悬浮液中,按照体积分数50%加入内生拮抗菌的CFS,以加等量的LB液体培养基为对照。25 ℃、180 r/min条件下培养12 h,利用光学显微镜对孢子的萌发情况进行观察与统计[13],根据公式1和公式2分别计算Fg分生孢子萌发率和CFS对其抑制率。每组处理重复3次。
将未凝固的PDA培养基和内生拮抗菌无菌上清液按照体积比1:1混合后倒入培养皿,以PDA培养基与LB培养基(不含菌)混合作为对照。待培养基凝固后,取直径相同的禾谷镰刀菌菌饼接入平板中央(每皿一个菌饼),每组处理重复3次。将培养皿置于25 ℃黑暗条件下倒置培养,72 h后测量菌落直径大小,按照公式3计算抑菌率。
根据平板对峙试验、孢子萌发抑制率和无菌上清液对Fg菌丝的抑菌效果筛选拮抗能力最强的内生菌株
采用扫描电镜观察JB7的CFS对Fg分生孢子的影响。按照14的方法处理Fg分生孢子,以同等条件下加入无菌LB培养基为阴性对照(negative control, NC),以两性霉素B (1.25 μg/mL)为阳性对照(positive control, PC),25 ℃、180 r/min条件下培养12 h。将处理过的分生孢子8 000 r/min离心5 min后,弃上清,加入2.5%戊二醛固定4 h。固定后的分生孢子用PBS洗涤3次后,依次用50%、70%、80%、90%和100%乙醇梯度脱水,每次10 min,于−20 ℃冷冻干燥12 h,取完全干燥的样品喷金,并在扫描电子显微镜上观察[14]
为了评估内生拮抗菌CFS对禾谷镰刀菌细胞膜的损伤情况,使用吖啶橙/碘化丙啶(acridine orange/propidium iodide, AO/PI)双荧光染色。AO染料可以通过完整的细胞膜,呈现绿色荧光;PI染料则通过破损的细胞膜,呈现橙红色荧光。将菌株JB7衰亡期CFS加入等体积禾谷镰刀菌的分生孢子悬浮液中,在25 ℃的培养箱中混合培养12 h。以同等条件下加入无菌LB培养基为阴性对照。以两性霉素B (1.25 μg/mL)为阳性对照。将培养的分生孢子悬液4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心5 min,用无菌生理盐水洗涤2次,使用AO/PI双染试剂盒4 ℃避光孵育10−20 min,10 000 r/min离心5 min后取适量生理盐水洗涤沉淀,摇匀吸取10 μL孢子染液于载玻片上,利用共聚焦激光扫描电镜(confocal laser scanning microscope, CLSM)观察其颜色变化。
由于核酸和蛋白质在OD260OD280处具有较强的吸收值,因此,OD260OD280处的变化可以反映核酸和蛋白质从细胞中泄漏,从而可研究细胞膜的完整性。取10 mL PDB液体培养基与10 mL拮抗菌JB7 CFS混匀,加入5个禾谷镰刀菌菌饼,培养48 h后8 000 r/min离心5 min,利用酶标仪检测OD260OD280的吸光度,以10 mL PDB液体培养基与10 mL无菌LB混合培养禾谷镰刀菌作为对照。
取10个禾谷镰刀菌菌饼加入PDA与JB7 CFS等量混合的培养液中,设置3个重复。在0、1、3、6和9 h时间点上借助电导率仪确定菌丝溶液的电导率[15],以评估CFS对Fg菌丝体细胞含量的浸出程度。
取菌株JB7衰亡期CFS 4 mL与4 mL的PDB液体培养基混匀后加入4个Fg菌饼,孵育12 h后重悬于10 mmol/L磷酸钠缓冲液(pH 7.4)中,将样品与10 mmol/L 2′, 7′-二氯二氢荧光素二乙酸酯(2′, 7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, DCFH)于25 ℃黑暗下处理30 min后用荧光共聚焦扫描电镜在激发波长488 nm和发射波长535 nm下观察[16],以4 mL PDB液体培养基与4 mL无菌LB混合孵育的Fg菌饼作为对照。
将菌株JB7衰亡期CFS与PDB液体培养基按照体积比1:1混合,在40 mL混合培养基中加入6个Fg菌饼,25 ℃、180 r/min培养72 h,对照为相同体积无菌LB与PDB液体培养基按照1:1的体积比混合。8 000 r/min离心5 min后倒掉上清液得到菌丝,采用南京建成生物工程研究所的丙二醛(MDA)测定试剂盒,并按照说明书确定菌丝中MDA的含量。采用考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法测定可溶性蛋白含量[17]
采用琼脂扩散法检测胞外水解酶以及促生能力,以葡聚糖为底物检测葡聚糖酶,以羧甲基纤维素钠为底物检测纤维素酶,以酪蛋白为底物检测蛋白酶活性,在特定的琼脂培养基中生长的菌落周围形成透明圈,被认为具有产水解酶活性的能力。
定性测定拮抗菌JB7的铁载体合成能力。菌株接种于CAS固体培养基上,30 ℃培养7 d,观察是否有橙黄色晕圈出现。
选取颗粒饱满的克春33号种子进行消毒:75%乙醇漂洗3−5 min,置于3% NaClO溶液浸泡5 min,蒸馏水冲洗3−5次。
制备菌悬液:将拮抗菌JB7接种至LB液体培养基中30 ℃、180 r/min培养3 d,Fg菌接种至绿豆汤液体培养基中25 ℃、180 r/min培养5 d,调整拮抗菌的浓度为1×108 CFU/mL,真菌孢子浓度为1×105个/mL。
于小麦5%扬花期进行喷雾防治,每穗喷雾量约1 mL,使麦穗湿润但无水珠滑落。JB7处理先喷施拮抗菌JB7菌悬液,48 h后再喷施禾谷镰刀菌孢子,在孢子接种后10 d观察发病情况、统计病情指数和防治效果,以多菌灵(80%,稀释500倍液)作为阳性对照,以灭菌后的LB液体培养基和清水作为阴性对照。
小麦赤霉病(以穗为单位)病情分级标准,0级:无病;1级:枯穗面积占全穗面积的1/4以下;2级:枯穗面积占全穗面积的1/4−1/2;3级:枯穗面积占全穗面积的1/2−3/4以下;4级:枯穗面积占全穗面积的3/4以上。计算方法[18]见公式4和公式5。
将保存的JB7于LB液体培养基中活化12 h,将培养液10 000×g离心5 min收集菌体,Wizard®基因组DNA纯化试剂盒提取菌株JB7的基因组DNA。提取的DNA采用上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司的Illumina HiSeq和PacBio RS II单分子实时(single-molecule sequencing in real time, SMRT)平台进行测序。利用Circos v 0.69-6 (http://www.circos.ca)绘制基因组圈图。菌株JB7系统发育树利用菌株基因组服务器(https://tygs.dsmz.de/)来构建,为了评估菌株JB7的次级代谢潜力,通过antiSMASH 6.6.0 (https://dl.secondarymetabolites.org/releases/6.0.0/)预测负责次级代谢产物生物合成的基因簇和数量。
利用Microsoft Excel 2019整理数据;利用SPSS 22.0软件的Duncan检验进行显著差异性分析(P < 0.05)。利用GraphPad Prism 8.0.2软件绘图。
共分离得到40株内生细菌。初筛发现21株内生拮抗细菌对Fg菌产生拮抗作用。
通过定量平板对峙试验筛选出对Fg抑制效果高于50%的6株菌。对其生长趋势进行测定,结果如图1A所示。所测菌株的生长趋势相似,在0−3 h内生长处于迟缓期,在培养3−51 h进入快速生长期,JB7、H1在培养51−78 h进入稳定期,在78 h后进入衰亡期,而JB2、A、JK和H4在培养51−81 h进入稳定期,在84 h后开始衰亡。
在定量平板对峙试验中菌株JB7处理的Fg的菌落生长直径仅为16.45 mm,对病原菌的抑制率高达55.30% (图1B),其CFS对Fg孢子萌发抑制率85.23% (图1C),CFS与PDA混合培养基中接种Fg的菌落生长直径仅为25.77 mm,抑菌率达40.26% (图1D),从以上结果看出,菌株JB7对Fg拮抗效果优于其他供试菌株。
扫描电镜显示,阴性对照组(图2A)中的Fg分生孢子形态饱满,表面光滑。由菌株JB7的CFS (图2B)和两性霉素B (图2C)处理12 h后的Fg分生孢子表面严重凹陷变形。
图3所示,通过CLSM观察发现,阴性对照组Fg孢子发出绿色荧光(图3A),拮抗菌JB7 CFS (图3B)和阳性对照组(图3C)处理后的Fg分生孢子(图3B)内部发出红色荧光,说明拮抗菌内生菌株JB7的CFS会使Fg细胞膜受到不同程度的损伤。
JB7 CFS处理后Fg的核酸和蛋白质泄漏量如图3D所示。经JB7 CFS处理Fg细胞悬液OD260OD280的吸光值显著高于对照。说明JB7的CFS影响了Fg菌丝细胞膜的完整性,致其细胞内核酸和蛋白质外渗。
采用电导率法测定了CFS对Fg菌丝细胞膜渗透性的影响,结果见表1。由表1可见,随着培养时间的延长电导率也升高,说明菌丝细胞膜被严重破坏。
利用荧光探针DCFH检测Fg细胞内ROS的产生。在活性氧的存在下,DCFH会被氧化生成DCF,并发出绿色荧光,荧光越强代表积累的ROS越多。如图4所示,共聚焦电子扫描电镜下JB7的CFS处理过的Fg菌丝(图4B)的绿色荧光强度大于对照(图4A),表明菌株JB7的CFS可以诱导Fg菌丝细胞中ROS的积累,刺激氧化应激反应,扰乱细胞氧化还原稳态,从而抑制Fg的生长。用Image J软件分析表明,经过JB7的CFS处理的菌丝ROS荧光强度比对照组高2.99倍(图4C)。
图5所示,经JB7 CFS处理后的Fg菌丝细胞中的MDA (A)和可溶性蛋白(B)含量与对照组相比分别提高了0.50倍和0.41倍。
图6所示,JB7菌株具有分泌铁载体、产蛋白酶、纤维素酶和葡聚糖酶的能力。
盆栽试验结果显示(表2),在禾谷镰刀菌孢子悬液接种10 d后,清水、LB液体培养基以及多菌灵3组对照的病情指数分别为56.63、45.20、43.84,拮抗菌JB7处理后的小麦赤霉病病情指数为23.15显著低于对照组,拮抗菌株对小麦赤霉病的防治效果达59.13%。
通过系统发育分析,菌株JB7与甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus) KACC 13105亲缘关系最近,因此,菌株JB7最终被鉴定为B.methylotrophicus,将其基因组序列上传至NCBI中GenBank数据库,其序列登录号为CP119394 (图7A)。全基因组测序结果表明,B.methylotrophic JB7的全基因组是由一条3 929 792 bp的完整环状染色体组成,其中染色体平均G+C含量为46.5%。该基因组包含3 747个编码DNA序列,27个rRNA基因、86个tRNA基因,根据COG、GO和KEGG功能注释,获得注释的基因数量分别为3 009、2 852和2 230个,使用Circos v0.69-6生成菌株JB7的基因组图谱(图7B)。antiSMASH分析结果发现,菌株JB7共预测到12个次级代谢产物合成基因簇,其中有8个已知基因簇,分别是表面活性素(surfactant)、丁胺菌素(butirosin A/butirosin B)、大环内酯抗生素(macrolactin H)、聚酮化合物(difficidin)、丰原素(fengycin)、多烯类(bacillaene)、杆菌素(bacillibactin)和杆菌溶素(bacilysin),以及4类未知基因簇(图7B)。
随着全球气温变暖,小麦赤霉病频发且日趋严重,不仅造成了严重的经济损失[19-20],还会污染粮食作物种子[21]。本研究分离出一株拮抗菌株,通过系统发育进化分析鉴定为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌JB7,在平板试验中能够有效地抑制禾谷镰刀菌的生长,抑菌率为55.30%,其无菌上清液的抑菌率为40.26%,对孢子萌发的抑制率甚至高达85.23%。根据基因组学和生物信息学的预测,甲基营养型芽孢杆菌JB7中存在拮抗功能相关的基因簇和代谢产物,包括表面活性肽、丁菌素、大环内酯抗生素、聚酮化合物、丰原素、多烯类、杆菌素和杆菌溶素。据报道,B.methylotrophicus NJ13产生的抑菌代谢物可以抑制人参锈腐病病原真菌菌丝生长,并在田间试验中具有较好的生物防治效果[22],其全基因组学测序分析结果与本研究中有8个相同次级代谢产物基因簇。然而菌株JB7无菌上清液中何种物质起主要的抑菌作用抑或多种物质协同抑菌?其抑菌机制等有待进一步研究。本研究中JB7可以产生多种胞外水解酶,如蛋白酶、纤维素酶和葡聚糖酶,研究表明有些拮抗菌株也可以通过分泌胞外水解酶来发挥对致病真菌抑制作用[11]。因此,B.methylotrophicus JB7具有潜在的生物防治应用价值。
研究证实孢子萌发是真菌病害早期发展的关键步骤,抑制孢子的萌发在保护植物免受真菌侵害方面具有良好的效果[17]。本研究中菌株JB7的无菌上清液干扰了禾谷镰刀菌的分生孢子萌发。与此同时,扫描电镜结果显示置于菌株JB7的CFS中的健康分生孢子,其分隔处凹陷,孢子萌发试验中观察到分生孢子末端肿胀。芽孢杆菌代谢产物已被证实与分生孢子细胞质膜相互作用,并干扰分生孢子萌发和芽管伸长[23]
据报道,多数抗菌物质的靶标是病原菌细胞膜,溶解细胞膜导致病原菌死亡[24]。本研究中通过共聚焦扫描电镜观察发现,经菌株JB7无菌上清液处理后,Fg孢子内的核酸被染料染成红色,说明Fg细胞膜遭到破坏。进一步实验表明,在OD260OD280处吸光度值升高,以及电导率测定结果均说明细胞膜受损,导致内容物渗漏。扫描电镜观察发现CFS可使Fg孢子变形,对其生长发育造成威胁。菌株JB7上清液中的抑菌物质靶标Fg孢子的细胞膜可能是其控制赤霉病的原因之一。
镰刀菌、稻瘟病菌、疫霉菌和大丽轮枝菌等病原真菌经拮抗菌处理后其细胞中的ROS含量较高,表明拮抗菌诱导ROS积累导致病原真菌死亡可能是一种常见的机制[6-7,25]。质膜受损导致氧化过程中电子泄露,泄露的少量电子与氧结合形成超氧自由基[26]。本研究证明了拮抗菌株JB7 CFS可以诱导Fg菌丝的ROS水平,并且观察到处理组的荧光强度显著高于对照组。
MDA是膜脂过氧化最重要的产物之一,它的产生还能加剧膜的损伤,可通过MDA了解膜脂过氧化的程度,从而间接测定膜系统受损程度[27]。本研究中MDA和可溶性蛋白的含量升高,说明菌株JB7 CFS处理造成了Fg菌丝的脂膜过氧化,细胞膜的通透性也不断增大,使菌丝细胞受损,膜的完整性和核酸、蛋白质的渗漏实验也说明了菌株JB7 CFS造成了Fg细胞膜的损伤。这与何林鑫等[28]的报道中生物体在受到胁迫时MDA和可溶性蛋白含量增加的结论一致。
在温室环境下,拮抗菌JB7对小麦赤霉病的病情指数仅为23.4%,防效达59%。本研究证实了甲基营养芽孢杆菌JB7对小麦赤霉病具有防治效果。
综上所述,本研究从小麦种子中分离到一株优良的拮抗Fg的菌株JB7,该菌株可产生蛋白酶、纤维素酶和葡聚糖酶并具有分泌铁载体的能力,其衰亡期的CFS导致Fg孢子表面凹陷,破坏膜的完整性,引起核酸和蛋白质的外渗,诱导Fg菌丝体ROS的累积,使菌丝中的MDA和可溶性蛋白含量升高。其对小麦赤霉病的防治效果达到59%,经基因组学分析该菌株为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌,其基因组中携带12个生防基因簇。
  • 黑龙江省重点研发计划(GA23B018)
  • 齐齐哈尔市食品产业研究院项目(SXSP-2021004)
  • 黑龙江省高校基本科研业务费项目(145209808)
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2024年第64卷第5期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230753
  • 接收时间:2023-12-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-05-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-07
  • 录用日期:2024-02-01
基金
Key Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province(GA23B018)
黑龙江省重点研发计划(GA23B018)
Qiqihar Food Industry Research Institute Project(SXSP-2021004)
齐齐哈尔市食品产业研究院项目(SXSP-2021004)
Basic Research Fees of Universities in Heilongjiang Province(145209808)
黑龙江省高校基本科研业务费项目(145209808)
作者信息
    1 齐齐哈尔大学生命科学与农林学院, 黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
    2 黑龙江省农业微生物制剂产业化技术创新中心, 黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
    3 黑龙江省农用生物制剂产业化协同创新中心, 黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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