Article(id=1241376210282926177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241376204247331313, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230709, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1700409600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1706198400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-01-26, onlineDate=1773896752185, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1714752000000, pubDateStr=2024-05-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773896752185, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773896752185, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773896752185, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241376204247331313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='5', pageStart='1331', pageEnd='1682', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773896750747, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897643611, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241379949253284790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241376204247331313, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241379949253284791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241376204247331313, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1506, endPage=1520, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241376213466402940, articleId=1241376210282926177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Role of repressor MogR in flagellar biosynthesis ofListeria monocytogenes at low temperatures, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis.Lm can grow at low temperatures and thus may cause safety problems of refrigerated food and threaten the public health. The growth ofLm at low temperatures involves the inhibition of flagellar gene expression, which restricts flagellar biosynthesis. MogR is a transcriptional repressor which represses the expression of flagellar genes during intracellular infection and during extracellular growth ofLm at 37 ℃, resulting in no biosynthesis of flagella. Whereas MogR is deprived of repression function and the bacteria produce flagella during growth at 20–30 ℃. Our studies demonstrated thatLm significantly reduced the flagellar production at 4 ℃, but the molecular mechanism of which remained unclear. This study aims to reveal the relationship between the reduction of flagella and MogR repression at 4 ℃. [Methods] We constructed themogR-deleted mutant ΔmogR and the flagellin geneflaA-deleted mutant ΔflaA (as the control strain with no flagella), and their complementary strains cΔmogR and cΔflaA with theLm strain ATCC 19115 as the parental strain. Then, we analyzed the swarming motility, flagellar biosynthesis, and transcriptional levels of flagellar genes in above five strains at 4 ℃, 28 ℃, and 37 ℃, respectively. The growth curves of these strains were determined at 4 ℃, 28 ℃, and 37 ℃, respectively. [Results] Compared with the parental strain, ΔmogR showed significantly increased in motility, flagellar biosynthesis, and transcriptional levels of flagellar genes (P < 0.01, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively) at 4 ℃. The growth of ΔmogR markedly decreased compared with the parental strain (P < 0.05) at 4 ℃. The data of motility, flagellar biosynthesis, and transcriptional levels of flagellar genes in cΔmogR had no significant differences compared with the parental strain. [Conclusion] The reduction in flagellar biosynthesis was associated with the repression function of MogR inLm at 4 ℃. The reduction in flagellar biosynthesis was of benefit toLm proliferation at low temperatures. This study enriched our understanding of the mechanism ofLm growth at low temperatures.

, correspAuthors=Mei LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*LIU Mei, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Guojun WANG, Xia DENG, Shaowen LI, Mei LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241376216410804552, articleId=1241376210282926177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=低温下阻遏蛋白MogR对单增李斯特菌鞭毛形成的影响, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】单核细胞增生李斯特菌(简称单增李斯特菌) (Listeria monocytogenes,Lm)是食源性病原菌,可以引发李斯特菌病(listeriosis)。Lm能在低温下生长,对冷藏食品的安全构成严重威胁,并对人类健康造成潜在的危害。Lm能低温生长与抑制鞭毛基因表达以减少鞭毛的合成有关。MogR是Lm鞭毛基因转录的阻遏蛋白,在机体里或37 ℃环境下具有阻遏作用,Lm不产生鞭毛;然而,当Lm处于20−30 ℃时MogR无阻遏作用,Lm产生鞭毛。我们研究发现在4 ℃生长条件下Lm鞭毛合成减少,但具体的分子机制尚未明确。本文探究在4 ℃下Lm鞭毛合成少与MogR起阻遏作用的关系。【方法】Lm ATCC 19115为亲本株,分别构建了MogR和鞭毛丝蛋白FlaA的缺失株ΔmogR和ΔflaA (作为无鞭毛对照株)及其回补株cΔmogR和cΔflaA,测定了菌株在4、28、37 ℃时的运动性、鞭毛产生情况和鞭毛基因表达量,并对所构建的菌株进行了4、28、37 ℃时生长曲线的测定。【结果】在4 ℃时,mogR缺失后,菌株运动性显著强于亲本株(P < 0.01),鞭毛合成量显著多于亲本株(P < 0.001),鞭毛基因转录水平显著高于亲本株(P < 0.001);缺失株ΔmogR的生长能力显著弱于亲本株(P < 0.05)。回补株cΔmogR的运动能力、鞭毛合成量和鞭毛基因转录水平与亲本株相比,无显著性差异。【结论】在4 ℃时,Lm鞭毛产量少与MogR对鞭毛基因起转录抑制作用有关,低温条件下Lm能生长繁殖与MogR对鞭毛基因表达的抑制作用有关。本研究结果为揭示Lm低温生长机制提供了新的信息。

, correspAuthors=刘梅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=DQZc0xvkUpUspynZabAsYg==, magXml=MHTmDZd02ZSL7rsTqGDi+Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=zan8l+0WPvfSB7Taj/pxuA==, pdfFileSize=1273772, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=sch6ycc+rwveL4i17Y5HNQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=esfL/9HH/aFCDQ2gJbNGUA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#These authors contributed equally to this work.

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241446120816177914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, companyId=1241446120803595001, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241446120820372219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, companyId=1241446120803595001, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=华中农业大学动物医学院, 湖北 武汉 430070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241446125220197271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Listeria monocytogenes flagellar genes on operons[6-7]., figureFileSmall=BrbIOgwPs4W/c6sxy1FwJA==, figureFileBig=9i4ZR2BO5K6ua5YLZD8v6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446125341832094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=CN, label=图1, caption=单增李斯特菌鞭毛基因操纵元[6-7], figureFileSmall=BrbIOgwPs4W/c6sxy1FwJA==, figureFileBig=9i4ZR2BO5K6ua5YLZD8v6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446125484438436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Diagram for constructing the mutant ΔmogR., figureFileSmall=xzLVKCsX9VWwb+yBHBVZ7A==, figureFileBig=TKy/r87z6Jqv9JUCLx0kkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446127107634087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=CN, label=图2, caption=缺失株ΔmogR构建流程图, figureFileSmall=xzLVKCsX9VWwb+yBHBVZ7A==, figureFileBig=TKy/r87z6Jqv9JUCLx0kkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446127225074608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=The swarming ability of strain ATCC 19115, ΔmogR, cΔmogR, ΔflaA and cΔflaA at 4 ℃, 28 ℃ and 37 ℃, respectively., figureFileSmall=4GLYfUnEmzPD2QMCJwv3AA==, figureFileBig=yL5jnoHAXAGTUJtl31t1+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446127363486647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=CN, label=图3, caption=菌株ATCC 19115、ΔmogR、cΔmogR、ΔflaA和cΔflaA分别在4、28、37 ℃下的运动能力, figureFileSmall=4GLYfUnEmzPD2QMCJwv3AA==, figureFileBig=yL5jnoHAXAGTUJtl31t1+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446127573201853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=The motility zone diameters of strain ATCC 19115, ΔmogR, cΔmogR, ΔflaA and cΔflaA at 4 ℃ (A), 28 ℃ (B) and 37 ℃ (C), respectively.**:P < 0.01;*:P < 0.05., figureFileSmall=JJ3i3BDLMN/G2enNVWPHaA==, figureFileBig=onKQR0mo2dJWBzCkAol1YQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446127724196806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=CN, label=图4, caption=菌株ATCC 19115、ΔmogR、cΔmogR、ΔflaA和cΔflaA分别在4 ℃ (A)、28 ℃ (B)和37 ℃ (C)下的运动圈直径大小, figureFileSmall=JJ3i3BDLMN/G2enNVWPHaA==, figureFileBig=onKQR0mo2dJWBzCkAol1YQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446127841637325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Production of flagella in strain ATCC 19115, ΔmogR, cΔmogR, ΔflaA and cΔflaA at 4 ℃, 28 ℃ and 37 ℃, respectively, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

The percentage (%) of bacterial amount within a population that produced at least one visible flagellum was shown at the bottom of each image.

, figureFileSmall=+2xYKWkuysWwSpTfhwZ+oA==, figureFileBig=3JYIKoUrda9H9M3pqFGM9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446127950689236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=CN, label=图5, caption=透射电镜(TEM)下观察到的菌株ATCC 19115、ΔmogR、cΔmogR、ΔflaA和cΔflaA分别在4、28、37 ℃时的鞭毛生长情况

显示在图像下方的数值是单位样品菌量中至少含有一根鞭毛的菌株的百分比

, figureFileSmall=+2xYKWkuysWwSpTfhwZ+oA==, figureFileBig=3JYIKoUrda9H9M3pqFGM9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446128059741147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=The graphs of the percentage of strain ATCC 19115, ΔmogR, cΔmogR, ΔflaA and cΔflaA at 4 ℃ (A), 28 ℃ (B) and 37 ℃ (C), respectively, within a population that produced at least one visible flagellum, and the graph of the percentage of each strain at three temperatures (D) by TEM.***:P < 0.001;*:P < 0.05; ns: No significant., figureFileSmall=XrzpHRqL5lJYtLaR3PBS6A==, figureFileBig=+0CmncjoDvlMO18EbwipJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446128172987361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=CN, label=图6, caption=通过TEM观察的菌株ATCC 19115、ΔmogR、cΔmogR、ΔflaA和cΔflaA分别在4 ℃ (A)、28 ℃ (B)和37 ℃ (C)时的单位样品菌量中至少含有一根鞭毛的菌株的百分比柱状图及同一菌株在不同温度下的菌株的百分比柱状图(D), figureFileSmall=XrzpHRqL5lJYtLaR3PBS6A==, figureFileBig=+0CmncjoDvlMO18EbwipJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446128298816490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Relative transcriptional expression levels of flagellin geneflaA.

A: Relative transcriptional expression levels offlaA in ΔmogR, cΔmogR, ΔflaA and cΔflaA at 4 ℃, compared with the parental strain ATCC 19115. B: Relative transcriptional expression levels offlaA in ATCC 19115, ΔmogR and cΔmogR at 4 ℃ and 37 ℃, compared with at 28 ℃, respectively.***:P < 0.001;**:P < 0.01; ns: No significant.

, figureFileSmall=i80XYBE+tDodL14LnDpC3Q==, figureFileBig=pzso0rv3v6J7M8D8rSPGHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446128416257011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=CN, label=图7, caption=鞭毛丝蛋白基因flaA的转录表达水平

A:4 ℃条件下与亲本株ATCC 19115相比,ΔmogR、cΔmogR、ΔflaA和cΔflaAflaA的相对表达量. B:与28 ℃相比,4 ℃和37 ℃条件下ATCC 19115、ΔmogR和cΔmogRflaA的相对表达量

, figureFileSmall=i80XYBE+tDodL14LnDpC3Q==, figureFileBig=pzso0rv3v6J7M8D8rSPGHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446128571446262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Relative transcriptional expression levels of flagellar genesfliN,flhB,flgE,fliM,flgK,fliF andfliI in ΔmogR and cΔmogR at 4 ℃ (A), 28 ℃ (B) and 37 ℃ (C), compared with the parental strain ATCC 19115, respectively.***:P < 0.001;**:P < 0.01., figureFileSmall=iPJ6PAOjFXBAxcazplQ5SQ==, figureFileBig=kpXTM21ewiKwiDblx2EoDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446128755995647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=CN, label=图8, caption=ΔmogR和cΔmogR的鞭毛基因fliNflhBflgEfliMflgKfliFfliI在4 ℃ (A)、28 ℃ (B)和37 ℃ (C)条件下相比于亲本株ATCC 19115的相对转录表达水平, figureFileSmall=iPJ6PAOjFXBAxcazplQ5SQ==, figureFileBig=kpXTM21ewiKwiDblx2EoDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446128881823750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Growth curves of ATCC 19115, ΔmogR, cΔmogR, ΔflaA and cΔflaA at 4 ℃ (A and B), 28 ℃ (C) and 37 ℃ (D)., figureFileSmall=LNm8HMNru77XMbWEOXes3g==, figureFileBig=9HVBYJz1hmVs9F9yliNeZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446129045401610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=CN, label=图9, caption=ATCC 19115、ΔmogR、cΔmogR、ΔflaA和cΔflaA在4 ℃ (A和B)、28 ℃ (C)和37 ℃ (D)条件下的生长曲线, figureFileSmall=LNm8HMNru77XMbWEOXes3g==, figureFileBig=9HVBYJz1hmVs9F9yliNeZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446129188007953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=Area under curve (AUC) values of the growth curves of ATCC 19115, ΔmogR, cΔmogR, ΔflaA andflaA at 4 ℃ (A), 28 ℃ (B) and 37 ℃ (C), respectively, and the differences of AUC (ΔAUC), compared with the parental strain ATCC 19115 (D).**:P < 0.01;*:P < 0.05; ns: No significant., figureFileSmall=YI3dE5jsJzqDQTD3zgNAkg==, figureFileBig=c3GAYODwy6tO/hhre2gHzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446129284476950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=CN, label=图10, caption=ATCC 19115、ΔmogR、cΔmogR、ΔflaA和cΔflaA在4 ℃ (A)、28 ℃ (B)和37 ℃ (C)条件下的生长曲线的曲线下面积值和与亲本株相比的曲线下面积差异ΔAUC (D), figureFileSmall=YI3dE5jsJzqDQTD3zgNAkg==, figureFileBig=c3GAYODwy6tO/hhre2gHzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446129540329505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=EN, label=Figure 11, caption=The swarming ability (A) and motility zone diameters (B) ofLm strains ATCC 19115, ATCC 19111, YSP2019032612 and Lm210722566 at 4 ℃, 28 ℃ and 37 ℃, respectively.***:P < 0.001;**:P < 0.01., figureFileSmall=CKFjURUfspNeSZozbl4cuA==, figureFileBig=6OKmBmcuawkCKr4O88XFKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446129741656106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=CN, label=图11, caption=Lm菌株ATCC 19115、ATCC 19111、YSP2019032612和Lm210722566分别在4、28、37 ℃下的运动能力(A)及运动圈的直径大小(B), figureFileSmall=CKFjURUfspNeSZozbl4cuA==, figureFileBig=6OKmBmcuawkCKr4O88XFKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446129922011191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=EN, label=Figure 12, caption=Relative transcriptional expression levels of flagellin geneflaA inLm strains ATCC 19115, ATCC 19111, YSP2019032612 and Lm210722566 at 4 ℃ and 37 ℃, compared with at 28 ℃, respectively.***:P < 0.001., figureFileSmall=6f4jDGD2JjbthjT54PCFuA==, figureFileBig=0oLKZ0Uu86cCO55CfX9u0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446131515846717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=CN, label=图12, caption=与28 ℃相比,4 ℃和37 ℃条件下Lm菌株ATCC 19115、ATCC 19111、YSP2019032612和Lm210722566的鞭毛丝蛋白基因flaA的相对表达量, figureFileSmall=6f4jDGD2JjbthjT54PCFuA==, figureFileBig=0oLKZ0Uu86cCO55CfX9u0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446131738144832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CategoryNameRelevant featuresSource
StrainATCC 19115Listeria monocytogenes, serotype 4bPurchased from Guangdong Microbial Culture Center
ΔmogRThemogR deletion strain of ATCC 19115This study
ΔflaATheflaA deletion strain of ATCC 19115This study
mogRComplementary strain of ΔmogRThis study
flaAComplementary strain of ΔflaAThis study
PlasmidpHT304-tsA thermosensitive suicide vector with erythromycin and ampicillin resistance genesStored in this laboratory
pHT304A shuttle vector with erythromycin and ampicillin resistance genesStored in this laboratory
p2102NThe upstream and downstream ofmogR was cloned into pHT304-tsThis study
p2104The upstream and downstream offlaA was cloned into pHT304-tsThis study
p2201The gene ofmogR including its promoter was cloned into pHT304This study
p2202The gene offlaA including its promoter was cloned into pHT304This study
), ArticleFig(id=1241446131897528399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

细菌菌株和质粒

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CategoryNameRelevant featuresSource
StrainATCC 19115Listeria monocytogenes, serotype 4bPurchased from Guangdong Microbial Culture Center
ΔmogRThemogR deletion strain of ATCC 19115This study
ΔflaATheflaA deletion strain of ATCC 19115This study
mogRComplementary strain of ΔmogRThis study
flaAComplementary strain of ΔflaAThis study
PlasmidpHT304-tsA thermosensitive suicide vector with erythromycin and ampicillin resistance genesStored in this laboratory
pHT304A shuttle vector with erythromycin and ampicillin resistance genesStored in this laboratory
p2102NThe upstream and downstream ofmogR was cloned into pHT304-tsThis study
p2104The upstream and downstream offlaA was cloned into pHT304-tsThis study
p2201The gene ofmogR including its promoter was cloned into pHT304This study
p2202The gene offlaA including its promoter was cloned into pHT304This study
), ArticleFig(id=1241446132035940439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer nameOligonucleotide sequence (5′→3′)Restriction site
The underline represents the restriction enzyme cleavage site.
mogR(L)-FGCTCTAGATGACACCGTTCGAATATCATTATTGGXba I
mogR(L)-RCACCCCTTCTAAAACAATCACATACCTCTCTATCC
mogR(R)-FTATGTGATTGTTTTAGAAGGGGTGGCACGAT
mogR(R)-RGGGGTACCTTTCAGCTATTATGGAAGCAGCTAKpn І
flaA(L)-FCGGTCTAGACCAGAAAAACTATCGATTGGTTXba І
flaA(L)-RGAATTTGATATGTTGTGTTTCCCTCCTACATTCG
flaA(R)-FGGGAAACACAACATATCAAATTCATTTATCGAACA
flaA(R)-RTGCGGTACCATTTTCCATTGCATGCGTTAAATCKpn І
mogR-FCGGGATCCCACCTTTCACTCCCTTCATCAGATTACBamH I
mogR-RGGGGTACCGGTATAAATTTCGATATACATCGTGCCACCKpn І
flaA-FCGGGATCCACATAAAGGCGCAGGTGTTGBamH I
flaA-RGGGGTACCGGCTAAGGGTAAACAATGTTCGATKpn І
pHT304-FCAGGAAACAGCTATGACC
pHT304-RTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGT
16S rRNA-FGATGCATAGCCGACCTGAGA
16S rRNA-RCTCCGTCAGACTTTCGTCCA
fliN-qFTCGCACGAGAAAAAGCGAAA
fliN-qRCGGAAAAGTGCTTCATTTTGGTC
flhB-qFCTTGCGGATGTCGAAGCAAG
flhB-qRTGTCGGGTTGTTCACCACAA
flaA-qFTCGTGCACTTCTAGGTGCTG
flaA-qRGCGGTGTTTGGTTTGCTTGA
flgE-qFGCGGTGGCTACTTTCTCCAA
flgE-qRATTCGCGGGACAAGTCTACG
fliM-qFTGAGCGAGCGCAGACTTTTA
fliM-qRCAACACTGACAAGCGCCATC
flgK-qFACAAGCTGTGGATCAGACGG
flgK-qRAACGAAGCGGATTGTTTGGC
fliF-qFTCGAAGGGACACTTTCCAGC
fliF-qRTTGAGGCGGTTCCTGATTCC
fliI-qFAAAACGGCTCGATCACTGGT
fliI-qRCTAACGGAGCCGAGGACATC
), ArticleFig(id=1241446132228878429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

本研究所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer nameOligonucleotide sequence (5′→3′)Restriction site
The underline represents the restriction enzyme cleavage site.
mogR(L)-FGCTCTAGATGACACCGTTCGAATATCATTATTGGXba I
mogR(L)-RCACCCCTTCTAAAACAATCACATACCTCTCTATCC
mogR(R)-FTATGTGATTGTTTTAGAAGGGGTGGCACGAT
mogR(R)-RGGGGTACCTTTCAGCTATTATGGAAGCAGCTAKpn І
flaA(L)-FCGGTCTAGACCAGAAAAACTATCGATTGGTTXba І
flaA(L)-RGAATTTGATATGTTGTGTTTCCCTCCTACATTCG
flaA(R)-FGGGAAACACAACATATCAAATTCATTTATCGAACA
flaA(R)-RTGCGGTACCATTTTCCATTGCATGCGTTAAATCKpn І
mogR-FCGGGATCCCACCTTTCACTCCCTTCATCAGATTACBamH I
mogR-RGGGGTACCGGTATAAATTTCGATATACATCGTGCCACCKpn І
flaA-FCGGGATCCACATAAAGGCGCAGGTGTTGBamH I
flaA-RGGGGTACCGGCTAAGGGTAAACAATGTTCGATKpn І
pHT304-FCAGGAAACAGCTATGACC
pHT304-RTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGT
16S rRNA-FGATGCATAGCCGACCTGAGA
16S rRNA-RCTCCGTCAGACTTTCGTCCA
fliN-qFTCGCACGAGAAAAAGCGAAA
fliN-qRCGGAAAAGTGCTTCATTTTGGTC
flhB-qFCTTGCGGATGTCGAAGCAAG
flhB-qRTGTCGGGTTGTTCACCACAA
flaA-qFTCGTGCACTTCTAGGTGCTG
flaA-qRGCGGTGTTTGGTTTGCTTGA
flgE-qFGCGGTGGCTACTTTCTCCAA
flgE-qRATTCGCGGGACAAGTCTACG
fliM-qFTGAGCGAGCGCAGACTTTTA
fliM-qRCAACACTGACAAGCGCCATC
flgK-qFACAAGCTGTGGATCAGACGG
flgK-qRAACGAAGCGGATTGTTTGGC
fliF-qFTCGAAGGGACACTTTCCAGC
fliF-qRTTGAGGCGGTTCCTGATTCC
fliI-qFAAAACGGCTCGATCACTGGT
fliI-qRCTAACGGAGCCGAGGACATC
), ArticleFig(id=1241446132337930341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The information of 8Listeria monocytogenes flagellar genes involved in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene nameOperon No.FunctionReferences
flaAMonocistronicFlagellin protein[12]
fliN394Flagellar motility switch protein FliN[13]
flhB394Flagellar type Ⅲ secretion system protein FlhB[14]
flgE397Flagellar hook protein FlgE[13]
fliM397Flagellar motility switch protein FliM[14]
flgK398Flagellar hook-related protein FlgK[13]
fliF398Flagellar basal body M-ring protein FliF[15]
fliI398Flagellin export ATPase FliI[15]
), ArticleFig(id=1241446132442787949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376210282926177, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

本研究选择的8个单增李斯特菌鞭毛基因的信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene nameOperon No.FunctionReferences
flaAMonocistronicFlagellin protein[12]
fliN394Flagellar motility switch protein FliN[13]
flhB394Flagellar type Ⅲ secretion system protein FlhB[14]
flgE397Flagellar hook protein FlgE[13]
fliM397Flagellar motility switch protein FliM[14]
flgK398Flagellar hook-related protein FlgK[13]
fliF398Flagellar basal body M-ring protein FliF[15]
fliI398Flagellin export ATPase FliI[15]
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低温下阻遏蛋白MogR对单增李斯特菌鞭毛形成的影响
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汪国俊 # , 邓霞 # , 栗绍文 , 刘梅 *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(5): 1506-1520
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(5): 1506-1520
低温下阻遏蛋白MogR对单增李斯特菌鞭毛形成的影响
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汪国俊#, 邓霞#, 栗绍文, 刘梅*
作者信息
  • 华中农业大学动物医学院, 湖北 武汉 430070
Role of repressor MogR in flagellar biosynthesis ofListeria monocytogenes at low temperatures
Guojun WANG, Xia DENG, Shaowen LI, Mei LIU*
Affiliations
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
出版时间: 2024-05-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230709
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【目的】单核细胞增生李斯特菌(简称单增李斯特菌) (Listeria monocytogenes,Lm)是食源性病原菌,可以引发李斯特菌病(listeriosis)。Lm能在低温下生长,对冷藏食品的安全构成严重威胁,并对人类健康造成潜在的危害。Lm能低温生长与抑制鞭毛基因表达以减少鞭毛的合成有关。MogR是Lm鞭毛基因转录的阻遏蛋白,在机体里或37 ℃环境下具有阻遏作用,Lm不产生鞭毛;然而,当Lm处于20−30 ℃时MogR无阻遏作用,Lm产生鞭毛。我们研究发现在4 ℃生长条件下Lm鞭毛合成减少,但具体的分子机制尚未明确。本文探究在4 ℃下Lm鞭毛合成少与MogR起阻遏作用的关系。【方法】Lm ATCC 19115为亲本株,分别构建了MogR和鞭毛丝蛋白FlaA的缺失株ΔmogR和ΔflaA (作为无鞭毛对照株)及其回补株cΔmogR和cΔflaA,测定了菌株在4、28、37 ℃时的运动性、鞭毛产生情况和鞭毛基因表达量,并对所构建的菌株进行了4、28、37 ℃时生长曲线的测定。【结果】在4 ℃时,mogR缺失后,菌株运动性显著强于亲本株(P < 0.01),鞭毛合成量显著多于亲本株(P < 0.001),鞭毛基因转录水平显著高于亲本株(P < 0.001);缺失株ΔmogR的生长能力显著弱于亲本株(P < 0.05)。回补株cΔmogR的运动能力、鞭毛合成量和鞭毛基因转录水平与亲本株相比,无显著性差异。【结论】在4 ℃时,Lm鞭毛产量少与MogR对鞭毛基因起转录抑制作用有关,低温条件下Lm能生长繁殖与MogR对鞭毛基因表达的抑制作用有关。本研究结果为揭示Lm低温生长机制提供了新的信息。

单增李斯特菌  /  MogR  /  鞭毛  /  低温生长

[Objective] Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis.Lm can grow at low temperatures and thus may cause safety problems of refrigerated food and threaten the public health. The growth ofLm at low temperatures involves the inhibition of flagellar gene expression, which restricts flagellar biosynthesis. MogR is a transcriptional repressor which represses the expression of flagellar genes during intracellular infection and during extracellular growth ofLm at 37 ℃, resulting in no biosynthesis of flagella. Whereas MogR is deprived of repression function and the bacteria produce flagella during growth at 20–30 ℃. Our studies demonstrated thatLm significantly reduced the flagellar production at 4 ℃, but the molecular mechanism of which remained unclear. This study aims to reveal the relationship between the reduction of flagella and MogR repression at 4 ℃. [Methods] We constructed themogR-deleted mutant ΔmogR and the flagellin geneflaA-deleted mutant ΔflaA (as the control strain with no flagella), and their complementary strains cΔmogR and cΔflaA with theLm strain ATCC 19115 as the parental strain. Then, we analyzed the swarming motility, flagellar biosynthesis, and transcriptional levels of flagellar genes in above five strains at 4 ℃, 28 ℃, and 37 ℃, respectively. The growth curves of these strains were determined at 4 ℃, 28 ℃, and 37 ℃, respectively. [Results] Compared with the parental strain, ΔmogR showed significantly increased in motility, flagellar biosynthesis, and transcriptional levels of flagellar genes (P < 0.01, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively) at 4 ℃. The growth of ΔmogR markedly decreased compared with the parental strain (P < 0.05) at 4 ℃. The data of motility, flagellar biosynthesis, and transcriptional levels of flagellar genes in cΔmogR had no significant differences compared with the parental strain. [Conclusion] The reduction in flagellar biosynthesis was associated with the repression function of MogR inLm at 4 ℃. The reduction in flagellar biosynthesis was of benefit toLm proliferation at low temperatures. This study enriched our understanding of the mechanism ofLm growth at low temperatures.

Listeria monocytogenes  /  MogR  /  flagella  /  growth at low temperatures
汪国俊, 邓霞, 栗绍文, 刘梅. 低温下阻遏蛋白MogR对单增李斯特菌鞭毛形成的影响. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (5) : 1506 -1520 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230709
Guojun WANG, Xia DENG, Shaowen LI, Mei LIU. Role of repressor MogR in flagellar biosynthesis ofListeria monocytogenes at low temperatures[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (5) : 1506 -1520 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230709
单核细胞增生李斯特菌,简称单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,Lm),是不形成芽胞的革兰阳性(G+)短杆菌,具有需氧或兼性厌氧特性,兼性胞内寄生,作为一种食源性病原菌(foodborne pathogen),可导致李斯特菌病(listeriosis),患者表现为胃肠炎、脑膜炎、败血症、流产或死胎等,病死率(case fatality rate)高达20%−30%[1-3]Lm能低温生长,最低生长温度可达−0.4 ℃[4],对冷藏食品的安全构成严重威胁,并对人类健康造成潜在的危害。目前,Lm低温生长的具体机制不明,研究Lm低温生长机制能为防控李斯特菌病的暴发提供理论依据。
Durack等[5]通过分析处于低温4 ℃条件下生长的Lm菌株的转录组数据发现,与鞭毛合成相关的基因表达明显地下调,处于被抑制状态;运动性试验结果显示,在4 ℃培养条件下菌株运动圈的直径显著小于25 ℃培养条件。Cordero等[6]比较了Lm在低温8 ℃生长条件下生长快的菌株与生长慢的菌株的运动性,发现生长快的菌株的运动性显著弱于生长慢的菌株;转录组数据显示生长快的菌株的鞭毛合成基因表达显著下调。所以,Lm能低温生长与抑制鞭毛基因表达以减少鞭毛的合成有关,其具体机制未见报道。
Lm鞭毛基因中的flaA是个单顺反子,其编码鞭毛丝蛋白FlaA,其他鞭毛基因主要分布在394、397和398这3个操纵元上(图1)[6-7]Lm在机体环境或37 ℃培养条件下,鞭毛基因被阻遏蛋白MogR抑制,不产生鞭毛,无运动性[8-9];当Lm处于外界环境或20−30 ℃培养条件时,MogR被抗阻遏蛋白GmaR抑制,MogR对鞭毛基因表达的抑制被解除,Lm合成鞭毛,能运动[10-11]。因此,我们推断Lm低温生长时鞭毛量减少可能与MogR抑制鞭毛基因表达有关。为了验证此推断,本文以Lm ATCC 19115为亲本株,构建阻遏蛋白MogR基因缺失株ΔmogR及其回补株cΔmogR,同时还构建了鞭毛丝蛋白FlaA基因缺失株ΔflaA (作为无鞭毛对照株)及其回补株cΔflaA,测定各菌株在低温下的运动性、鞭毛形成状况和鞭毛基因表达情况,以及测定所构建的菌株在低温下的生长情况,以探究MogR对Lm低温下鞭毛形成的影响,为阐明Lm低温生长机制提供新的信息。
本研究所涉及的细菌菌株和质粒如表1所示。所用引物均由武汉擎科生物科技有限公司合成,引物序列见表2所示。
牛脑心浸出液肉汤(brain heart infusion, BHI)培养基购自青岛海博生物技术有限公司;氨苄青霉素(ampicillin, Amp)和红霉素(erythromycin, Erm)购自武汉华大至善生物科技有限公司;高保真DNA聚合酶和反转录试剂盒等购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;T4 DNA连接酶和限制性内切酶等购自宝生物工程(大连)有限公司(TaKaRa);凝胶回收试剂盒和质粒提取试剂盒购自Omega Bio-Tek公司;电镜负染液磷钨酸(phosphotungstic acid, PTA)购自中国科学院武汉病毒研究所;用于荧光定量PCR的2×T5 Fast qPCR Mix (SYBR Green I)购自武汉擎科生物科技有限公司。
以ATCC 19115为模板,用引物mogR(L)-F/R和mogR(R)-F/R (表2)扩增mogR上下游同源臂(图2)。Overlap PCR连接上下游同源臂,将同源臂融合产物连接到自杀型温敏穿梭质粒pHT304-ts中,获得含有mogR上下游同源臂基因的重组质粒p2102N。转化p2102N入大肠杆菌DH5α后,由武汉天一辉远生物科技有限公司对p2102N中的同源臂序列进行测序,测序结果符合预期。提取p2102N,电转化(2.4 kV)于ATCC 19115感受态细胞,鉴定获得阳性转化子后,利用同源重组原理筛选,获得缺失株ΔmogR (图2)。除用引物flaA(L)-F/R和flaA(R)-F/R (表2)扩增flaA上下游同源臂外,缺失株ΔflaA的构建方法同ΔmogR。用引物mogR-F/R (表2)扩增包括自身启动子的mogR,连接于穿梭载体pHT304,获得重组质粒p2201,对p2201中的目的基因片段进行测序,提取测序正确的重组质粒电转化入缺失株ΔmogR感受态细胞中,PCR鉴定,获得回补株cΔmogR。除用引物flaA-F/R (表2)扩增包括自身启动子的flaA外,回补株cΔflaA的构建方法同cΔmogR
挑取亲本株ATCC 19115、缺失株ΔmogR和ΔflaA,以及回补株cΔmogR和cΔflaA单菌落接种于BHI液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养12 h,随后1:100转接至新鲜BHI液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min下培养至OD600为1.0。取5 μL菌液穿刺接种于BHI软琼脂(0.375%)平板,分别于4 ℃培养20 d、28 ℃培养48 h和37 ℃培养48 h,测量运动圈直径。每株菌3个重复,试验进行2次,用GraphPad Prism 8进行统计和数据可视化。
将菌株ATCC 19115、ΔmogR、ΔflaA、cΔmogR和cΔflaA分别于4、28、37 ℃下培养至对数期,然后各取1 mL菌液于1.5 mL EP管中,2 000 r/min离心10 min,菌体沉淀经过1 mL 1×PBS洗涤后再用1 mL 1×PBS重悬,即制成TEM试验样品。取样品、超纯水和PTA染液各20 μL滴于冷却的封口膜上,将铜网扣在样品液滴上吸附1 min,滤纸吸去多余液体后再扣于超纯水液滴上并立即用滤纸吸干,再将铜网扣于PTA染液上染色1 min,用滤纸吸干,待铜网自然干燥后即可用TEM观察菌体鞭毛生长情况。统计单位样品菌量中至少含有一根鞭毛的菌株的百分比,用GraphPad Prism 8进行数据可视化。
提取分别在4、28、37 ℃条件下培养至对数期的ATCC 19115、ΔmogR、ΔflaA、cΔmogR和cΔflaA菌体RNA,用反转录试剂盒进行逆转录,获得的产物cDNA即为RT-qPCR的模板。按照2×T5 Fast qPCR Mix (SYBR Green I)试剂说明书对鞭毛合成基因flaAfliNflhBflgEfliMflgKfliFfliI及16S rRNA基因(作为内参基因)进行RT-qPCR。用2−∆∆Ct相对定量法对结果进行表达差异性分析。
挑取ATCC 19115、ΔmogR、cΔmogR、ΔflaA和cΔflaA单菌落接种于BHI液体培养基,37 ℃、200 r/min培养12 h,然后按1:100接种量转接至新鲜BHI液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养至OD600为1.0后按1:100接种量转接于BHI液体培养基中,然后分别进行生长曲线测定。(1) 4 ℃生长曲线测定:置菌液于4 ℃冰箱中静置培养,每隔1 d测定OD600值;(2) 28 ℃生长曲线测定:把菌液转接至96孔蜂窝板,将蜂窝板置于全自动生长曲线分析仪,设置培养温度和时间,每隔1 h测定OD600值;(3) 37 ℃生长曲线测定同28 ℃的测定。用GraphPad Prism 8绘制生长曲线。
在4 ℃和37 ℃培养条件下,缺失株ΔmogR的运动圈明显大于亲本株(图3图4),且随着时间的延长,ΔmogR与亲本株的运动性存在显著性差异(P < 0.01) (图4)。cΔmogR、ΔflaA和cΔflaA在4 ℃和37 ℃条件下均与亲本株一样无明显运动圈(图3图4)。在28 ℃条件下,仅ΔflaA无运动性,其他菌株均有明显运动圈(图3图4)。结果表明,MogR在4 ℃时对鞭毛基因表达有抑制作用,从而降低了Lm的运动性。
TEM结果显示,在4 ℃条件下,缺失株ΔmogR含鞭毛菌株比例高于亲本株ATCC 19115 (图5)。统计分析结果表明,在4 ℃和37 ℃条件下,ΔmogR鞭毛数量均显著高于亲本株(P < 0.001),回补株cΔmogR鞭毛量与亲本株无显著性差异(图6A6C);在28 ℃条件下,ΔmogR和cΔmogR鞭毛数量与亲本株无显著性差异(图6B)。在4、28、37 ℃三个温度条件下,缺失株ΔflaA均未产生鞭毛,回补株cΔflaA鞭毛量均与亲本株无显著差异(图5图6)。亲本株在4 ℃时有少量鞭毛产生,但其数量显著低于28 ℃时的数量(P < 0.001) (图6D)。ΔmogR鞭毛量在3个温度下无显著性差异(图6D)。TEM结果表明,在4 ℃条件下,MogR对Lm鞭毛的产生有抑制作用。
首先测定了4、28、37 ℃条件下ATCC 19115、ΔmogR、ΔflaA、cΔmogR和cΔflaA的鞭毛丝蛋白基因flaA的转录表达水平(图7)。在4 ℃时,与亲本株ATCC 19115相比,缺失株ΔmogRflaA表达量极其显著上调(P < 0.001),回补株cΔmogRflaA表达量则无显著性差异(图7A);缺失株ΔflaAflaA表达量为0,其回补株cΔflaAflaA表达(图7A),表明缺失株和回补株构建成功。温度之间的比较结果显示:缺失株ΔmogR在4 ℃和37 ℃时的flaA表达量与28 ℃时的相比无显著性差异(图7B),即mogR缺失后,菌株在不同温度下的flaA表达量不存在差异性;亲本株ATCC 19115和回补株cΔmogR在4 ℃和37 ℃时flaA表达量均显著低于28 ℃时的表达量(亲本株的4 ℃与28 ℃相比P < 0.01,其余均为P < 0.001) (图7B)。结果表明,在低温4 ℃时,MogR抑制了Lm鞭毛丝蛋白基因flaA的转录表达。
flaA外,本研究根据Lm鞭毛蛋白的功能及其基因在操纵元上的分布(图1),还选择fliNflhBflgEfliMflgKfliFfliI这7个鞭毛基因(表3)进行了在4、28、37 ℃条件下在缺失株ΔmogR、回补株cΔmogR和亲本株ATCC 19115中的转录表达水平的测定。结果显示,4 ℃时,ΔmogR的7个鞭毛基因表达量显著高于亲本株(P < 0.01或P < 0.001),cΔmogR的与亲本株的无显著性差异(图8A);28 ℃时,ΔmogR和cΔmogR的7个鞭毛基因表达量与亲本株的均无显著性差异(图8B);37 ℃与4 ℃的情况相似(图8C)。结果表明,4 ℃时MogR对鞭毛操纵元上的基因表达均有抑制作用。
RT-qPCR结果与运动性结果和TEM结果相对应,表明MogR低温4 ℃时,同在37 ℃时一样,抑制了鞭毛基因的表达。
本研究分别在4、28、37 ℃条件下培养菌株ATCC 19115、ΔmogR、cΔmogR、ΔflaA和cΔflaA,测定菌液OD600值,绘制生长曲线(图9),计算曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC) (图10A10C)和曲线下面积差异(ΔAUC) (图10D),以分析鞭毛的产生对Lm低温生长的影响。
结果显示,在4 ℃时,与亲本株ATCC 19115相比,缺失株ΔmogR (图9A)和回补株cΔflaA (图9B)的生长能力下降,其AUC值分别为13.2和13.5 (图10A),比亲本株的AUC值(14.6)低9.84%和8.07% (P < 0.05) (图10D);回补株cΔmogR (图9A)和缺失株ΔflaA (图9B)在对数期和稳定期的生长均高于亲本株,其AUC值分别为16.6和20.7 (图10A),比亲本株的AUC值(14.6)高13.67%和41.22% (P < 0.01) (图10D)。在28 ℃时,5个菌株的生长无显著性差异(图9C图10B10D)。5个菌株在37 ℃时的情况与4 ℃时的相似(图9D图10C10D)。结果表明,4 ℃时MogR对鞭毛合成的抑制作用有助于Lm低温生长。
Lm有14个血清型:1/2a、1/2b、1/2c、3a、3b、3c、4a、4ab、4b、4c、4d、4e、7[16]和4h[17],其中1/2a、1/2b、1/2c和4b是食品和临床病例中最常分离到的血清型,约占所有血清型的95%[18-19]。本研究选取来自这4个血清型的菌株ATCC 19115 (4b)、ATCC 19111 (1/2a)、YSP2019032612 (1/2b)和Lm210722566 (1/2c),通过运动性试验和RT-qPCR测定了菌株在4、28、37 ℃生长时的运动能力和鞭毛基因表达情况,发现所有菌株4 ℃时的结果均显著低于28 ℃时的结果(P < 0.01或P < 0.001),且所有菌株37 ℃时的结果与4 ℃时的相似(图11图12),表明低温4 ℃时Lm鞭毛表达低是非血清型特异性的,因此本研究选择Lm ATCC 19115 (4b)菌株为亲本株进行了深入的研究。
Lm在20−30 ℃条件下,MogR被抗阻遏蛋白GmaR抑制,MogR对鞭毛基因表达的抑制被解除,Lm产生鞭毛[7,10,20]。GmaR是温度感应蛋白,在37 ℃时,GmaR单体蛋白凝集在一起,无法与MogR结合,不能发挥抗阻遏作用,导致MogR抑制鞭毛基因表达;在30 ℃时,GmaR单体蛋白与MogR结合,使MogR离开鞭毛基因启动子,从而使鞭毛基因得以表达[11]。本研究结果表明4 ℃时MogR抑制了Lm鞭毛的形成,说明MogR未被GmaR抑制。那么4 ℃时GmaR是否如同在37 ℃时一样处于单体聚集状态,不与MogR结合,不发挥抗MogR阻遏作用,使MogR发挥抑制鞭毛基因表达的功能?我们正在进行这方面的探究。
Lm在20−30 ℃条件下能形成鞭毛,除了GmaR发挥对MogR的抑制作用外,还需要双组分系统(HK/RR)中的孤儿RR DegU的正调控作用。DegU结合到fliN-gmaR操纵元(即operon 394)的启动子区域以调控gmaR的表达(图1),DegU的结合位点不与MogR的结合位点重叠,而且能以非磷酸化形式起作用[7,20-21]。本研究结果表明低温4 ℃时MogR对Lm的鞭毛基因表达有抑制作用,说明GmaR未阻遏MogR的作用。那么是否表明,低温4 ℃时gmaR的表达未受到DegU的正调控,gmaR没有表达出GmaR蛋白而无法行使对MogR的阻遏作用?这还有待进一步探究。
研究发现,在冷藏温度4−8 ℃时,Lm下调鞭毛基因表达量以降低其运动性来维持生长,生长快的菌株的鞭毛基因表达量显著低于生长慢的菌株,且随着时间的推移,生长慢的菌株运动性会更强,但未阐明具体机制[5-6]。本研究结果显示,在4 ℃时,mogR缺失后,Lm的鞭毛基因转录不被抑制,鞭毛基因表达量显著高于亲本株(图7图8),鞭毛合成量显著多于亲本株(图5图6),运动性显著强于亲本株(图4),生长能力显著弱于亲本株(图9图10),表明鞭毛的产生会降低Lm在4 ℃时的生长速率。
本研究构建了Lm鞭毛基因转录阻遏蛋白MogR和鞭毛丝蛋白FlaA的缺失株ΔmogR和ΔflaA,以及相应的回补株cΔmogR和cΔflaA,测定了菌株分别在4、28、37 ℃时的运动性、鞭毛产生情况和鞭毛基因表达量,结果表明Lm在4 ℃时鞭毛产量少与MogR的抑制作用有关;本研究测定了菌株分别在4、28、37 ℃时的生长曲线,通过分析发现,在低温条件下Lm能生长繁殖与MogR对鞭毛基因表达的抑制作用有关。本研究为揭示Lm低温生长机制提供了新的信息。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1800100)
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2024年第64卷第5期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230709
  • 接收时间:2023-11-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-05-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-20
  • 录用日期:2024-01-26
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National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1800100)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1800100)
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    华中农业大学动物医学院, 湖北 武汉 430070

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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