Article(id=1241376208106091000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241376204247331313, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230724, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1701100800000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1706630400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-01-31, onlineDate=1773896751667, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1714752000000, pubDateStr=2024-05-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773896751667, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773896751667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773896751667, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241376204247331313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='5', pageStart='1331', pageEnd='1682', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773896750747, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773897643611, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241379949253284790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241376204247331313, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241379949253284791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241376204247331313, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1550, endPage=1566, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241376209028837885, articleId=1241376208106091000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Composition and functions of soil bacterial communities of wildGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. in habitats with different degrees of salinization, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] We investigated the diversity, composition, and functions of soil bacterial communities of wildGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., a typical halophyte and medicinal plant, in the habitats with different degrees of salinization. The study can help to reveal the linkage between soil salinity and microbiome related to the growth, development, and quality formation ofG.uralensis, being essential for improving the quality of cultivatedG.uralensis. [Methods] Soil samples were collected from six main habitats of wildG.uralensis. High-throughput sequencing was employed to compare the diversity, composition, and functions of soil bacterial communities among the habitats of un-salinization (US), light salinization (LS), moderate salinization (MS), and heavy salinization (HS) and to excavate the dominant bacteria in different habitats. [Results] The soil bacterial richness and diversity of wildG.uralensis were higher in LS and MS habitats than in US and HS habitats and were the lowest in the HS group. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed differences in the composition and functions of soil bacterial communities between groups with different degrees of salinization (P < 0.05). The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that total salinity (TS) was an important factor influencing the composition and functions of the soil bacterial community in the native habitat. The dominant bacterial genera in the US and LS groups were the same, all of which were plant-beneficial bacteria, includingNocardioides,Streptomyces, andMarmoricola. The significantly dominant genera in the MS group included both the beneficial bacteria unidentified_Acidobacteria and the halophilic bacteriaHalomonas andMarinobacter. The soil bacteria in the HS group were dominated by salinophilic or salinity-tolerant bacteria, includingHalomonas,Marinobacter,Truepera,Alifodinibius,Salinimicrobium, andSalegentibacter. The PICRUSt prediction results underlined the potential of soil bacteria in interactions with plants in US, LS, and MS groups, suggesting that beneficial bacteria in the three habitats influenced the growth, development, and quality formation of wildG.uralensis. Moreover, the prediction results emphasized that the soil bacteria endowed the HS group with the potential of self-repairing for adaptation to highly saline environments and improving the salt tolerance of wildG.uralensis. This result suggested that halophilic and salt-tolerant bacteria in the HS habitat played a key role in the salt tolerance of wildG.uralensis. The MS habitat had both kinds of bacteria, being worthy of attention. [Conclusion] The soil bacterial diversity and richness of wildG.uralensis were remarkably higher in LS and MS habitats than in US and HS habitats. The composition and functions of soil bacterial communities in US and LS habitats were similar and differed significantly from those of the HS habitat, and the MS habitat had characteristics of both the above.

, correspAuthors=Jiahui LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*LU Jiahui, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ke XU, Jiahui LU, Xin LI, Jiade ZHANG, Jiafen LUO, Xuerong ZHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241376213567074886, articleId=1241376208106091000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=不同盐渍化生境野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落结构及功能预测分析, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】探究典型盐生药用植物野生乌拉尔甘草在不同盐渍化生境下土壤细菌群落多样性、组成和功能特征,有助于建立土壤盐分与甘草生长发育、药材品质形成相关的微生物组之间的联系,对栽培甘草药材品质提高具有重要意义。【方法】从野生乌拉尔甘草的6个主分布区采集原生境土壤,采用高通量测序技术比较非盐渍(un-salinization, US)、轻度盐渍(light salinization, LS)、中度盐渍(moderate salinization, MS)以及重度盐渍(heavy salinization, HS)生境中土壤细菌群落多样性、组成及功能的差异,并挖掘不同生境中优势细菌。【结果】野生乌拉尔甘草原生境土壤细菌群落丰富度和多样性在轻度盐渍(LS)组和中度盐渍(MS)组中明显高于非盐渍(US)组、重度盐渍(HS)组,且重度盐渍(HS)组最低。主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)表明不同盐渍程度组间的野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落组成和功能具有显著差异(P < 0.05);冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)表明,土壤盐分(total salt, TS)既是影响原生境土壤细菌群落组成也是影响群落功能的重要因子。属水平,非盐渍(US)组和轻度盐渍(LS)组中的显著优势细菌相同,均为植物有益菌,包括类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、栖大理石菌属(Marmoricola);重度盐渍(MS)组中显著优势属既包括有益菌未鉴定_酸杆菌属(unidentified_Acidobacteria),也包括嗜盐菌盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter);重度盐渍(HS)组中显著优势细菌以嗜盐菌或耐盐菌为主,包括盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter)、楚帕氏菌属(Truepera)、别样矿生菌属(Aliifodinibius)、盐坑微菌属(Salinimicrobium)和需盐杆菌属(Salegentibacter)。PICRUSt功能预测分析强调非盐渍(US)组、轻度盐渍(LS)组和中度盐渍(MS)组中的土壤细菌群落与植物互作方面的潜力,表明非盐渍、轻度盐渍和中度盐渍生境中的有益菌对野生乌拉尔甘草生长发育、品质形成具有重要影响。PICRUSt功能预测同时也强调了重度盐渍(HS)组在自我修复适应高盐环境以及参与野生乌拉尔甘草耐盐性提高方面具有潜能,表明重度盐渍生境中的嗜盐菌和耐盐菌对乌拉尔甘草抗盐能力具有重要作用。中度盐渍生境兼具以上二者优势菌群的特征,是值得关注的类型。【结论】野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落多样性和丰富度在轻度盐渍和中度盐渍生境中明显高于非盐渍和重度盐渍生境;细菌群落的组成和功能在非盐渍和轻度盐渍生境中具有相似性,并与重度盐渍生境存在显著差异,中度盐渍生境兼具以上二者的特征。

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2 绿洲城镇与山盆系统生态兵团重点实验室, 新疆 石河子 832003
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of the alpha diversity of bacterial communities in different salinized soils of wildGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. A: Chao1 index. B: Pielous index. C: Shannon index., figureFileSmall=7wlP7rmpsnF9SPJVUNkkcg==, figureFileBig=0Lk3x6Ya5fhfEuMrsn+/wA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446120015065794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=CN, label=图1, caption=野生乌拉尔甘草不同盐渍化土壤细菌群落α多样性分析, figureFileSmall=7wlP7rmpsnF9SPJVUNkkcg==, figureFileBig=0Lk3x6Ya5fhfEuMrsn+/wA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446120174449360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=PCA of the structural composition of bacterial communities in different salinized soils of wildGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. The names of the sample points are shown inTable 1., figureFileSmall=8I6Iiw/uhEgMC1H/4q2ZAA==, figureFileBig=cvS5EuGrAWD07aEUHzm3nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446120291889881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=CN, label=图2, caption=野生乌拉尔甘草不同盐渍化土壤细菌群落结构组成的PCA分析, figureFileSmall=8I6Iiw/uhEgMC1H/4q2ZAA==, figureFileBig=cvS5EuGrAWD07aEUHzm3nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446120417719012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Composition of bacterial phylum levels in different salinized soils of wildGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. A: Top 10 relative abundance stacking map. B: Kruskal-Wallis analysis of the top 3 dominant bacteria phyla. *:P < 0.05; **:P < 0.01., figureFileSmall=NoFU8ftqtvaP6rBP410QYg==, figureFileBig=oKEZGQ8MSju+ola5iFx4rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446120551936749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=CN, label=图3, caption=野生乌拉尔甘草不同盐渍化土壤细菌门水平组成, figureFileSmall=NoFU8ftqtvaP6rBP410QYg==, figureFileBig=oKEZGQ8MSju+ola5iFx4rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446120669377266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Bacterial genus level composition of wildGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. in different saline soils. A: Relative abundance stacking map of the top 20 genera. B: Kruskal-Wallis analysis of dominant genus. *:P < 0.05; **:P < 0.01., figureFileSmall=reaFpDe0jg4t5IhDYe9I0g==, figureFileBig=lRpgZvchSSyg4tBE898O/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446120811983611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=CN, label=图4, caption=野生乌拉尔甘草不同盐渍土壤细菌属水平组成, figureFileSmall=reaFpDe0jg4t5IhDYe9I0g==, figureFileBig=lRpgZvchSSyg4tBE898O/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446120950395647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Heat map of Pearson correlation analysis of environmental factors with soil bacterial community diversity and significantly dominant bacterial genera. Ordinate is the information of environmental factors, and abscissa is information of the diversity of the soil bacterial community and dominant genera. The correlation coefficientr of Pearson is between −1.0 and 1.0,r < 0 is negative correlation,r > 0 is positive correlation. * indicates significant correlation; ** indicates extremely significant correlation., figureFileSmall=lSDdVc6T6+mCaLGtWvKW/Q==, figureFileBig=zPMDEQ/ICiGHnxg8DWRIjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446122477122312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=CN, label=图5, caption=环境因子与土壤细菌群落多样性、显著优势细菌属的皮尔逊相关分析的热图, figureFileSmall=lSDdVc6T6+mCaLGtWvKW/Q==, figureFileBig=zPMDEQ/ICiGHnxg8DWRIjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446122607145745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Predictive function of bacterial communities of wildGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. in different salinised soils. A: PCA based on the predictive function of soil bacterial communities. B: Heat map of predicted functional differences and clustering of soil bacteria. The names of the sample points are shown inTable 1. Scale bar is normalized value of metabolic relative abundance. 'ab' indicates that the proportion of 'a' is remarkably higher than that of 'b'. *:P < 0.05; **:P < 0.01., figureFileSmall=5Isi2iX8Wqaidy4ZZe+qLA==, figureFileBig=VT2t1IAMTrtMil196eXoEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446122716197656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=CN, label=图6, caption=野生乌拉尔甘草不同盐渍化土壤细菌群落功能预测, figureFileSmall=5Isi2iX8Wqaidy4ZZe+qLA==, figureFileBig=VT2t1IAMTrtMil196eXoEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446122837832475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=RDA analysis of structural composition, predicted function and soil physicochemical properties of bacterial communities in different salinized soils of wildGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. The names of the sample points are shown inTable 1. *:P < 0.01., figureFileSmall=EQEK6uE9GMGRYdJirpVBLQ==, figureFileBig=v20liVEC6lB6npLi19tSaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446122934301474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=CN, label=图7, caption=乌拉尔甘草不同盐渍化土壤细菌群落结构组成和预测功能与土壤理化性质的RDA分析, figureFileSmall=EQEK6uE9GMGRYdJirpVBLQ==, figureFileBig=v20liVEC6lB6npLi19tSaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446123034964776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Information on the sampling sites of soil samples from different saline habitats of wildGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GradeNumberTS (g/kg)Sampling siteGradeNumberTS (g/kg)Sampling site
Un-salinizationUS10.554Minqin, GansuHeavy salinizationMS43.254Jiuquan, Gansu
US20.707Bohu, XinjiangMS53.738Korla, Xinjiang
Light salinizationLS11.623Zhangye, GansuMS63.749Korla, Xinjiang
LS21.643Zhangye, GansuMS73.774Korla, Xinjiang
LS31.704Jiuquan, GansuHS14.016Yanqi, Xinjiang
LS41.746Minqin, GansuHS24.217Yanqi, Xinjiang
Moderate salinizationMS12.667Yanqi, XinjiangHS35.043Bohu, Xinjiang
MS22.791Bohu, XinjiangHS46.442Minqin, Gansu
MS32.904Zhangye, Gansu
), ArticleFig(id=1241446123152405294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

野生乌拉尔甘草不同盐渍生境土壤样品采样地信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GradeNumberTS (g/kg)Sampling siteGradeNumberTS (g/kg)Sampling site
Un-salinizationUS10.554Minqin, GansuHeavy salinizationMS43.254Jiuquan, Gansu
US20.707Bohu, XinjiangMS53.738Korla, Xinjiang
Light salinizationLS11.623Zhangye, GansuMS63.749Korla, Xinjiang
LS21.643Zhangye, GansuMS73.774Korla, Xinjiang
LS31.704Jiuquan, GansuHS14.016Yanqi, Xinjiang
LS41.746Minqin, GansuHS24.217Yanqi, Xinjiang
Moderate salinizationMS12.667Yanqi, XinjiangHS35.043Bohu, Xinjiang
MS22.791Bohu, XinjiangHS46.442Minqin, Gansu
MS32.904Zhangye, Gansu
), ArticleFig(id=1241446123278234422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physicochemical characteristics of wildGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. in different salinized soils

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemUSLSMSHS
Different lowercase letters indicate remarkable differences (P < 0.05).
Total salt (g/kg)0.63±0.08d1.68±0.03c3.27±0.18b4.93±0.55a
pH9.04±0.23a8.05±0.15c8.25±0.14bc8.65±0.17ab
Soil water content (%)7.10±0.80a5.61±0.49a9.60±1.01a8.12±1.80a
Total organic carbon (g/kg)13.05±0.74a9.17±1.30a18.00±2.25a12.35±3.23a
Total nitrogen (g/kg)0.47±0.17a0.52±0.10a1.02±0.15a0.72±0.17a
), ArticleFig(id=1241446123395674940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241376208106091000, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

野生乌拉尔甘草不同盐渍化土壤的理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemUSLSMSHS
Different lowercase letters indicate remarkable differences (P < 0.05).
Total salt (g/kg)0.63±0.08d1.68±0.03c3.27±0.18b4.93±0.55a
pH9.04±0.23a8.05±0.15c8.25±0.14bc8.65±0.17ab
Soil water content (%)7.10±0.80a5.61±0.49a9.60±1.01a8.12±1.80a
Total organic carbon (g/kg)13.05±0.74a9.17±1.30a18.00±2.25a12.35±3.23a
Total nitrogen (g/kg)0.47±0.17a0.52±0.10a1.02±0.15a0.72±0.17a
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不同盐渍化生境野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落结构及功能预测分析
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徐可 1 , 陆嘉惠 1, 2, 3, * , 李新 1 , 张迦得 1 , 罗加粉 1 , 郑雪荣 1
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(5): 1550-1566
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(5): 1550-1566
不同盐渍化生境野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落结构及功能预测分析
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徐可1, 陆嘉惠1, 2, 3, * , 李新1, 张迦得1, 罗加粉1, 郑雪荣1
作者信息
  • 1 石河子大学生命科学学院, 新疆 石河子 832003
  • 2 绿洲城镇与山盆系统生态兵团重点实验室, 新疆 石河子 832003
  • 3 石河子大学甘草研究所, 新疆 石河子 832003
Composition and functions of soil bacterial communities of wildGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. in habitats with different degrees of salinization
Ke XU1, Jiahui LU1, 2, 3, * , Xin LI1, Jiade ZHANG1, Jiafen LUO1, Xuerong ZHENG1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
  • 3 Licorice Research Institute of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
出版时间: 2024-05-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230724
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【目的】探究典型盐生药用植物野生乌拉尔甘草在不同盐渍化生境下土壤细菌群落多样性、组成和功能特征,有助于建立土壤盐分与甘草生长发育、药材品质形成相关的微生物组之间的联系,对栽培甘草药材品质提高具有重要意义。【方法】从野生乌拉尔甘草的6个主分布区采集原生境土壤,采用高通量测序技术比较非盐渍(un-salinization, US)、轻度盐渍(light salinization, LS)、中度盐渍(moderate salinization, MS)以及重度盐渍(heavy salinization, HS)生境中土壤细菌群落多样性、组成及功能的差异,并挖掘不同生境中优势细菌。【结果】野生乌拉尔甘草原生境土壤细菌群落丰富度和多样性在轻度盐渍(LS)组和中度盐渍(MS)组中明显高于非盐渍(US)组、重度盐渍(HS)组,且重度盐渍(HS)组最低。主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)表明不同盐渍程度组间的野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落组成和功能具有显著差异(P < 0.05);冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)表明,土壤盐分(total salt, TS)既是影响原生境土壤细菌群落组成也是影响群落功能的重要因子。属水平,非盐渍(US)组和轻度盐渍(LS)组中的显著优势细菌相同,均为植物有益菌,包括类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、栖大理石菌属(Marmoricola);重度盐渍(MS)组中显著优势属既包括有益菌未鉴定_酸杆菌属(unidentified_Acidobacteria),也包括嗜盐菌盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter);重度盐渍(HS)组中显著优势细菌以嗜盐菌或耐盐菌为主,包括盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter)、楚帕氏菌属(Truepera)、别样矿生菌属(Aliifodinibius)、盐坑微菌属(Salinimicrobium)和需盐杆菌属(Salegentibacter)。PICRUSt功能预测分析强调非盐渍(US)组、轻度盐渍(LS)组和中度盐渍(MS)组中的土壤细菌群落与植物互作方面的潜力,表明非盐渍、轻度盐渍和中度盐渍生境中的有益菌对野生乌拉尔甘草生长发育、品质形成具有重要影响。PICRUSt功能预测同时也强调了重度盐渍(HS)组在自我修复适应高盐环境以及参与野生乌拉尔甘草耐盐性提高方面具有潜能,表明重度盐渍生境中的嗜盐菌和耐盐菌对乌拉尔甘草抗盐能力具有重要作用。中度盐渍生境兼具以上二者优势菌群的特征,是值得关注的类型。【结论】野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落多样性和丰富度在轻度盐渍和中度盐渍生境中明显高于非盐渍和重度盐渍生境;细菌群落的组成和功能在非盐渍和轻度盐渍生境中具有相似性,并与重度盐渍生境存在显著差异,中度盐渍生境兼具以上二者的特征。

乌拉尔甘草  /  盐碱土  /  高通量测序  /  群落组成  /  功能预测

[Objective] We investigated the diversity, composition, and functions of soil bacterial communities of wildGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., a typical halophyte and medicinal plant, in the habitats with different degrees of salinization. The study can help to reveal the linkage between soil salinity and microbiome related to the growth, development, and quality formation ofG.uralensis, being essential for improving the quality of cultivatedG.uralensis. [Methods] Soil samples were collected from six main habitats of wildG.uralensis. High-throughput sequencing was employed to compare the diversity, composition, and functions of soil bacterial communities among the habitats of un-salinization (US), light salinization (LS), moderate salinization (MS), and heavy salinization (HS) and to excavate the dominant bacteria in different habitats. [Results] The soil bacterial richness and diversity of wildG.uralensis were higher in LS and MS habitats than in US and HS habitats and were the lowest in the HS group. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed differences in the composition and functions of soil bacterial communities between groups with different degrees of salinization (P < 0.05). The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that total salinity (TS) was an important factor influencing the composition and functions of the soil bacterial community in the native habitat. The dominant bacterial genera in the US and LS groups were the same, all of which were plant-beneficial bacteria, includingNocardioides,Streptomyces, andMarmoricola. The significantly dominant genera in the MS group included both the beneficial bacteria unidentified_Acidobacteria and the halophilic bacteriaHalomonas andMarinobacter. The soil bacteria in the HS group were dominated by salinophilic or salinity-tolerant bacteria, includingHalomonas,Marinobacter,Truepera,Alifodinibius,Salinimicrobium, andSalegentibacter. The PICRUSt prediction results underlined the potential of soil bacteria in interactions with plants in US, LS, and MS groups, suggesting that beneficial bacteria in the three habitats influenced the growth, development, and quality formation of wildG.uralensis. Moreover, the prediction results emphasized that the soil bacteria endowed the HS group with the potential of self-repairing for adaptation to highly saline environments and improving the salt tolerance of wildG.uralensis. This result suggested that halophilic and salt-tolerant bacteria in the HS habitat played a key role in the salt tolerance of wildG.uralensis. The MS habitat had both kinds of bacteria, being worthy of attention. [Conclusion] The soil bacterial diversity and richness of wildG.uralensis were remarkably higher in LS and MS habitats than in US and HS habitats. The composition and functions of soil bacterial communities in US and LS habitats were similar and differed significantly from those of the HS habitat, and the MS habitat had characteristics of both the above.

Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.  /  saline soil  /  high-throughput sequencing  /  community composition  /  functional prediction
徐可, 陆嘉惠, 李新, 张迦得, 罗加粉, 郑雪荣. 不同盐渍化生境野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落结构及功能预测分析. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (5) : 1550 -1566 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230724
Ke XU, Jiahui LU, Xin LI, Jiade ZHANG, Jiafen LUO, Xuerong ZHENG. Composition and functions of soil bacterial communities of wildGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. in habitats with different degrees of salinization[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (5) : 1550 -1566 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230724
甘草为常用的大宗药材之一,其根及根状茎提取物甘草酸和黄酮类化合物具有抗癌[1]、抗病毒[2]等功效。乌拉尔甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.)是道地药材甘草的主流基原,主要集中分布于中国的西北、东北和华北各地区,中心产区为新疆、甘肃、内蒙古和宁夏等地[3]。同时,乌拉尔甘草自身还具有抗旱、抗盐碱等特性,自然栖息地常呈轻度、中度或重度盐渍化,是典型的盐生植物[4-5]。然而,由于人为过度采挖,乌拉尔甘草野生资源锐减,已被列为国家Ⅱ级濒危重点保护植物[6]。因此,目前人工栽培甘草是满足甘草药材市场高需求的主要来源。尽管甘草栽培技术日渐成熟,但栽培乌拉尔甘草的质量仍然远低于野生乌拉尔甘草[7]。研究表明中药材种植过程中,通过尽可能地模拟药用植物的野生生境,包括土壤微生物、土壤因子、气候等,能够很大程度解决药材质量下降的问题[8]。其中,土壤微生物被认为是影响药材品质的重要因素之一[9-10]。研究表明,土壤微生物能够以多种形式直接或间接地参与药用植物的生长发育[11]、活性成分积累[12-13]、抗性提高[13-14]等过程,进而对药材品质及功效产生重要影响。由于野生乌拉尔甘草广泛分布于盐渍化生境,因此,探究野生乌拉尔甘草原生境土壤微生物群落组成和功能,对理解土壤盐分对乌拉尔甘草原生境土壤微生物群落组成和功能的影响及其与甘草药材生长发育的关系具有重要意义,也是栽培甘草药材品质提升的关键。
近年来,有关栽培和野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落组成和功能差异的研究多有报道[15-18]。以上相关土壤细菌群落研究采集点有限,不能涵盖分布区所有盐渍化土壤类型,在揭示野生乌拉尔甘草盐渍生境土壤微生物群落结构和功能特征方面存在不足。此外,土壤细菌易受土壤盐度[19]、土壤养分[20]、pH[21]和植被[22]等影响。作为盐生药用植物,土壤盐分与乌拉尔甘草的生长以及次生代谢物的生成和积累密切相关[23]。目前,有关土壤盐分对乌拉尔甘草微生物群落的研究多以单一或联合接种菌剂缓解盐胁迫为主[24-27],有关不同程度盐渍环境下的乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落多样性、结构组成及功能的差异比较研究仍然匮乏。因此,有关土壤盐分对乌拉尔甘草原生境土壤细菌群落组成和功能的影响及其与药材生长发育的关系认识有限。
采集新疆、甘肃野生乌拉尔甘草分布区的土壤样品,并依据土壤盐渍程度划分标准[27],将采集区的土壤划分为4个等级(表1):非盐渍(un-salinization, US)组、轻度盐渍(light salinization, LS)组、中度盐渍(moderate salinization, MS)组和重度盐渍(heavy salinization, HS)组。通过高通量测序技术比较野生乌拉尔甘草原生境不同盐渍程度土壤细菌群落的多样性、结构组成,并对菌群进行功能预测。以揭示土壤盐分与甘草药材生长发育、品质形成相关的土壤微生物组之间的关联并挖掘土壤优势功能菌群,为优质药用甘草培育提供理论依据。
野生乌拉尔甘草样本采集区信息如表1所示,采集区域参照为《新疆植物志》[28],分别位于新疆的阿拉尔、焉耆、博湖和甘肃的民勤、张掖、酒泉。新疆的3个分布区为温带大陆性气候,气候干燥、降水稀少、光照充足、昼夜温差大,年均降水量仅为35−60 mm,年平均气温为8.98−11.67 ℃;甘肃的3个分布区属温带大陆性气候,降雨量少且集中,降水量在200 mm以下,地区以西降水量呈递减趋势,年平均气温6.6−9.5 ℃。野生乌拉尔甘草伴生植物主要有芦苇(Phragmites australis)、黄蒿(Artemisia annua)、苜蓿(Medicago sativa)等。
通过野外实地调查,从6个地区共采集了17份土壤样品,依照盐渍化划分标准[27]共分为4组。分别为非盐渍组(US1、US2),轻度盐渍组(LS1、LS2、LS3、LS4),中度盐渍组(MS1、MS2、MS3、MS4、MS5、MS6、MS7),重度盐渍组(HS1、HS2、HS3、HS4)。
每个分布区设3个样地,共17个采样地(其中一个重度盐渍化地因植物稀少,未采集)。采样地按V型每隔50 m选取1个有乌拉尔甘草均匀分布的样点,共3个样点。每样点按W型选取5个重复土样,然后将土样置于平铺的牛皮纸上混匀制成混合土样,分装3份。一份用于测定土壤含水量(soil water content, SWC)和pH值;一份自然风干后,土壤样品过100目筛,去除碎石、杂草等固体杂质,测定总盐含量(total salt, TS)、土壤有机碳(total organic carbon, TOC)和总氮(total nitrogen, TN);一份装入无菌自封袋,存于−80 ℃冰箱,用于微生物DNA测序。
土壤总盐(TS)含量采用残渣烘干-质量法测定;pH计测定pH值;采用干燥法测定土壤含水量(SWC);重铬酸钾容量法测定土壤有机碳(TOC)含量;凯氏定氮法测定总氮(TN)含量。以上土壤理化性质测定方法参照鲍士旦[29]的描述。
依据土壤基因组DNA提取试剂盒说明书提取土壤样品DNA。用于扩增细菌16S rRNA基因V4区域的引物为515F (5′-GTGCCAGCM GCCGCGGTAA-3′)和806R (5′-GGACTACHVG GGTWTCTAAT-3′)[30]。PCR反应体系:Phusion Master Mix (2×) 15 μL,上、下游引物(2 μmol/L)各1.5 μL,gDNA (1 ng/μL) 10 μL,ddH2O 2 μL。PCR反应程序:98 ℃ 1 min;98 ℃ 10 s,50 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s,30个循环;72 ℃ 5 min。在Illumina HiSeq 2500平台进行测序。
采用Cutadapt (v1.9.1)和FLASH (v1.2.7)对获得的reads进行低质量部分剪切并合并,合并后生成的序列称为原始标签(raw reads)[31-32]。为避免非微生物序列的影响,使用QIIME (v1.9.1)[33]对原始标签进行质控,以获得高质量标签(clean reads),进一步去除嵌合体序列[34],得到有效数据(effective reads)。利用Uparse软件(v7.0.1001)[35],基于97%的相似度(identity)对有效数据进行操作分类操作单元(operational taxonomic units, OTUs)聚类。使用Mothur方法与SILVA132的SSUrRNA数据库进行物种注释分析,获得物种注释信息[36]。测序原始数据已上传至NCBI的SRA数据库(登录号为PRJNA1021156)。
使用Spass (v26.0)计算各组间土壤理化性质均值,并进行方差分析(analysis of variance, ANOVA)检验。采用R软件计算α多样性指数。使用Canoco5 (v5.0)软件进行基于土壤细菌群落的OTUs和预测功能的主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA),并通过R软件进行多元置换方差分析(permutational multivariate analysis of variance, PERMANOVA)进一步检验土壤细菌群落结构组成和预测功能的差异显著性。利用Origin 2023软件绘制细菌群落门水平前10和属水平前20的相对丰度堆积柱状图,并采用Spass (v26.0)进行Kruskal-Wallis检验,分析不同组间土壤理化性质差异,以及组间土壤细菌群落前3优势门和前20属的相对丰度差异。Pearson相关性分析用于研究细菌群落多样性、细菌优势属与环境因子之间的关系。此外,冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)用于反映环境因子分别与细菌群落结构组成和预测功能之间的关系。前者Pearson相关性分析使用R软件中的Vegan包进行,后者在Canoco5 (v5.0)软件中完成。基于16S rRNA标记基因序列,采用PICRUSt软件对细菌群落进行预测功能分析,获得各个样品的KEGG途径丰度,并进行聚类统计和Kruskal-Wallis检验以评估组间的功能差异,聚类热图的绘制在Origin 2023中完成。
表2所示,野生乌拉尔甘草不同盐渍分组间的土壤总盐含量(TS)平均值呈显著性差异(P < 0.05)。4组土壤均为碱性土壤,pH平均值范围为8.05−9.04;土壤含水量(SWC)平均值范围为5.61%−9.60%,表明土壤质地均偏干旱;土壤有机质(TOC)与土壤总氮(TN)平均值含量变化趋势相似,均随着土壤盐渍程度增加先升高后降低。
在17个样品中,经过质量控制后共获得1 359 307个有效序列,每个样品的测序结果列于附表S1 (附表数据已提交国家微生物科学数据中心,编号:NMDCX0000260)。将有效序列聚类到具有97%同一性的可操作分类单元(OTU),根据OTUs,共注释了63门72纲153目315科882属629种。基于细菌OTUs计算α多样性指数(Chao1、Pielous和Shannon指数),表征土壤细菌群落的物种丰富度、均一度以及多样性。如图1所示,随着盐渍程度升高,野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落丰富度和多样性在轻度盐渍(LS)组和中度盐渍(MS)组中明显高于非盐渍(US)组和重度盐渍(HS)组,且HS组的土壤细菌群落α多样性指数最低。
基于细菌OTUs,比较野生乌拉尔甘草样本间土壤细菌群落结构组成。主成分分析(PCA)表明土壤细菌群落组成按照盐渍程度共划分为3组(图2)。其中,非盐渍(US)组与轻度盐渍(LS)组分布区域相近,并与重度盐渍(HS)组明显区分。同时,中度盐渍(MS)组分布区域介于以上二者之间。上述结果通过置换多元方差分析(PERMANOVA)得到了进一步支持(P=0.002) (附表S2,数据已提交国家微生物科学数据中心,编号:NMDCX0000260)。
图3显示了野生乌拉尔甘草不同盐渍化土壤细菌群落中相对丰度前10的细菌门,主要优势菌门包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)。其中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是最主要的门,相对丰度范围为16.68%−41.52%,其次为放线菌门(Actinobacteria),相对丰度范围为13.06%−49.67%,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)主要在重度盐渍(HS)组中富集,在HS组中平均相对丰度为25.73%。进一步对野生乌拉尔甘草主要优势菌门进行Kruskal-Wallis显著性差异分析(图3B)。结果表明,随着盐渍程度升高,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度无明显变化;放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度在HS组中显著降低(P < 0.05);拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相对丰度在HS组中显著升高(P < 0.05)。
属水平,野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌前20属相对丰度如图4所示。Kruskal-Wallis分析结果表明,共有10个细菌属存在显著差异(图4B)。非盐渍(US)组和轻度盐渍(LS)组中的类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)以及栖大理石菌属(Marmoricola)的相对丰度显著高于中度盐渍(MS)组和重度盐渍(HS)组(P < 0.05),在US组中的平均相对丰度分别为2.96%、2.44%和1.25%,在LS组中的平均相对丰度分别为2.97%、2.10%和1.38%。未鉴定_酸杆菌属(unidentified_Acidobacteria)在MS组的平均相对丰度最高(1.81%)。此外,海杆菌属(Marinobacter)、盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)在MS组和HS组中的平均相对丰度显著高于US组和LS组(P < 0.05),该两属在MS组平均相对丰度分别为0.64%、1.10%;在HS组的平均相对丰度分别为1.93%、3.01%。盐坑微菌属(Salinimicrobium)、Truepera、别样矿生菌属(Aliifodinibius)和需盐杆菌属(Salegentibacter)的比例在HS组中最高,HS组中该4属的平均相对丰度分别为3.09%、2.53%、2.37%和3.77%。
图5所示,土壤细菌群落多样性、显著优势细菌属与土壤理化因子之间存在显著关系。具体而言,土壤盐分(TS)与细菌群落多样性(Shannon指数)呈显著负相关(P < 0.05),土壤有机质(TOC)和总氮(TN)与细菌群落均一度(Pielous指数)呈显著正相关(P < 0.05)。盐坑微菌属(Salinimicrobium)、楚帕氏菌属(Truepera)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter)、别样矿生菌属(Aliifodinibius)、嗜盐单胞菌属(Halomonoas)以及需盐杆菌属(Salegentibacter)的相对丰度与土壤盐分(TS)呈显著或极显著正相关(P < 0.05或P < 0.01);而链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、栖大理石菌属(Marmoricola)和拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocadioides)的相对丰度与土壤盐分(TS)呈显著或极显著负相关(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。同时,拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocadioides)与土壤总氮(TN)呈极显著负相关(P < 0.01),与土壤含水量(SWC)呈显著负相关(P < 0.05)。未鉴定_酸杆菌属(unidentified_Acidobacteria)的相对丰度与土壤有机质(TOC)、总氮(TN)呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01)。
基于16S rRNA标记基因,通过与KEGG数据库进行比对,预测土壤细菌群落的代谢功能。图6的PCA分析显示野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落功能划分也按照盐渍程度被划分为3组,并通过置换多元方差分析(PERMANOVA)得到了进一步支持(P=0.003)。划分结果与土壤细菌群落组成PCA分析(图2)结果相似,表明土壤盐分对野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落组成和功能均具有重要影响。
对主要的19个二级分类代谢途径功能(相对丰度 > 1.0%)进行聚类统计以及组间Kruskal-Wallis分析(图6)。聚类结果表明非盐渍(US)组、轻度盐渍(LS)组、中度盐渍(MS)组聚为一类,与重度盐渍(HS)组明显区分。19个二级分类代谢途径功能中,碳水化合物代谢(carbohydrate metabolism)、膜转运(membrane transport)、氨基酸代谢(amino acid metabolism)以及微生物复制和修复(replication and repair)的相对丰度比例明显高于其他功能类别。此外,显著性差异分析(Kruskal-Wallis)表明共有10类功能类别的相对丰度在不同盐渍组间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。其中,膜转运(membrane transport)的相对丰度在US、LS和MS组中显著高于HS组(P < 0.05或P < 0.01);微生物复制和修复(replication and repair)的相对丰度在HS组最高,并显著高于LS和MS组(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。以上结果表明土壤盐渍程度对野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落代谢功能分异具有重要影响。
冗余分析(RDA)表明土壤理化性质对野生乌拉尔甘草细菌群落结构组成和功能均具有显著影响(图7)。具体而言,土壤盐分(TS)既是影响细菌群落结构组成也是影响细菌群落功能的关键理化因素(结构组成:E=18.7%,P < 0.01;功能:E=48.9%,P < 0.01) (附表S3,数据已提交国家微生物科学数据中心,编号:NMDCX0000260)。
本研究揭示了野生乌拉尔甘草在不同盐渍生境间的土壤细菌群落多样性、组成以及功能的差异,挖掘了土壤优势菌群,对于理解土壤盐分对乌拉尔甘草原生境土壤微生物群落结构及功能的影响,及其与药材品质之间的关系具有重要价值,同时也为优质栽培甘草种植提供了参考依据。
α多样性分析(图1)表明轻度盐渍(MS)组和中度盐渍(LS)组的野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落丰富度和多样性均明显高于非盐渍(US)组和重度盐渍(HS)组(图1)。多项研究表明土壤细菌群落多样性随着盐度升高而降低[37-38]。然而Yue等[39]研究发现种植盐生药用植物菊芋能够有效提高盐碱土壤的细菌多样性;Feng等[40]研究表明种植碱蓬1年期和3年期的土壤细菌群落丰富度和多样性均高于对照组。可见轻度盐渍及中度盐渍环境下,野生乌拉尔甘草有助于生境土壤细菌群落丰富度及多样性的增加。
门水平,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是主要的优势菌门(图3A),与前人研究结果相似,包括乌拉尔甘草的野生型和栽培型[15-17]。然而,随着盐渍程度升高,放线菌门的相对丰度在重度盐渍(HS)组中显著降低(P < 0.05),拟杆菌门的相对丰度在HS组中显著升高(P < 0.05),变形菌门相对丰度无显著变化(图3B)。变形菌是土壤中普遍存在的优势菌门,并且相关研究表明变形菌门和拟杆菌门均表现出高盐生态位偏好[38,41]。其次,放线菌具有一定耐盐性,但部分成员对高盐环境的适应性较低,因此丰度可能会随盐渍程度升高而降低[42]
属水平上,非盐渍(US)组与轻度盐渍(LS)组中的显著优势细菌属相同,并与中度盐渍(MS)组和重度盐渍(HS)组存在差异。非盐渍(US)组和轻度盐渍(LS)组的显著优势属包括链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、栖大理石菌属(Marmoricola)。以上优势属均为植物有益菌,对植物的生长发育、品质提高或抵御病原菌具有重要影响。例如拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)也是野生乌拉尔甘草土壤优势内生菌,具有固氮作用促进植物对养分的吸收[43]。Zhong等[18]发现链霉菌属(Streptomyces)与甘草酸、甘草苷的合成与积累显著相关,合理调控该菌属将有利于提高甘草品质;此外,研究表明接种链霉菌属相关菌剂,能够显著降低植物病害,并促进生长[44]。栖大理石菌属(Marmoricola)能够产生吲哚乙酸(indoleacetic acid, IAA)等植物生长激素[45]。可见非盐渍和轻度盐渍生境中的土壤细菌优势属对乌拉尔甘草的生长发育、品质提高具有重要作用。中度盐渍(MS)组中的显著优势属既包括有益菌未鉴定_酸杆菌属(unidentified_Acidobacteria),也包括嗜盐菌盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter)。研究表明酸杆菌也具有一定耐盐能力,可作为植物促生菌改善植物生长,并参与土壤碳氮循环[46]。重度盐渍(HS)组的显著优势属主要为嗜盐菌或耐盐菌,包括盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter)、楚帕氏菌属(Truepera)、别样矿生菌属(Aliifodinibius)、盐坑微菌属(Salinimicrobium)和需盐杆菌属(Salegentibacter)。其中盐坑微菌属(Salinimicrobium)、别样矿生菌属(Aliifodinibius)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter)均具有生物修复盐碱环境的能力[47-49];盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)能够减轻植物的盐胁迫并提高植物的盐适应性[50]Trueper在木质纤维素降解中发挥重要作用,并参与土壤养分循环[51-52]。可见重度盐渍土中的优势菌群嗜盐菌或耐盐菌对乌拉尔甘草的盐适应性提高具有重要作用。
盐分对细菌群落具有强烈的过滤作用,随着盐分的升高,细菌群落会发生持续的变化,最终形成具有高耐盐性的特定菌群[19]。本研究Pearson相关性分析显示盐坑微菌属(Salinimicrobium)等耐盐或嗜盐菌的相对丰度与土壤盐分(TS)呈显著正相关(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),而链霉菌属(Streptomyces)等菌属的相对丰度与土壤盐分(TS)呈显著负相关(P < 0.05或P < 0.01) (图5)。同时,RDA分析表明土壤盐分(TS)是影响乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落组成的关键因子(图7A)。由此表明土壤盐分对野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落组成具有重要影响,进而可能造就不同生境间乌拉尔甘草药材品质差异,具体作用机制还需要进一步研究。拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocadioides)与土壤总氮(TN)和含水量(SWC)呈显著负相关(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),这可能与诺卡氏菌属具有适应寡营养环境以及耐旱的特性有关[53-54]。研究表明酸杆菌常在有机质和铵态氮含量高的土壤中富集[55],本研究未鉴定_酸杆菌属(unidentified_Acidobacteria)的相对丰度与土壤有机质(TOC)、总氮(TN)呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01),且中度盐渍(MS)组的土壤有机质(TOC)与总氮(TN)含量最高。可见中度盐渍环境下,土壤中的酸杆菌与碳氮养分循环密切相关,进而对野生乌拉尔甘草的生长发育产生重要影响。
与栽培型相比,野生型乌拉尔甘草土壤微生物群落往往具有更多与甘草次生代谢物合成和积累呈正相关的富集菌群[15-18],包括本研究的显著优势属类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces),进一步说明以上两属在野生乌拉尔甘草生长发育及药材道地性形成过程中的重要性。此外,不同野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落研究间也存在差异性,例如Liu等[15]表明野生乌拉尔甘草根际土壤中富集的优势属主要包括异地菌属(Inquilinus)、原小单孢菌属(Promicromonospora)等;而Chen等[17]研究结果为Kaistoabacter、新鞘氨醇菌属(Novosphingobium)等。出现这一结果的原因可能与采样地及生境土壤因子有关[20]
由此可知生境条件对乌拉尔甘草土壤优势细菌的种类和丰度具有重要影响,特别是有益菌、嗜盐菌、耐盐菌。因此,在乌拉尔甘草栽培过程中接种微生物菌剂时,需要考虑到种植区域以及当地的土壤环境,特别是土壤盐分。这对于高抗优质甘草的培育以及促进栽培甘草的产量和品质提高具有重要意义。
基于16S rRNA基因的PICRUSt功能预测,本研究对不同盐渍生境中的乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落进行了功能预测分析。聚类结果表明(图6),野生乌拉尔甘草非盐渍(US)、轻度盐渍(LS)、中度盐渍(MS)组的土壤细菌群落主要代谢功能聚为一组,与重度盐渍(HS)组区分。表明乌拉尔甘草原生境土壤细菌群落功能在一定盐渍范围内能够维持稳定,这可能与盐生植物具有一定维持盐碱环境中微生物群落功能稳定特性相关[56]。Dong等[16]研究报道在甘肃的陇西和天水共4个采集地中,陇西的野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落中N糖的生物合成(N-glycan biosynthesis)等氮循环代谢通路更为富集,且氮含量是对该研究野生型乌拉尔甘草细菌群落影响较大的因子。而本研究野生乌拉尔甘草在甘肃和新疆不同盐渍环境共17个采集地中的功能代谢通路显著性差异分析显示,膜转运(membrane transport)在非盐渍(US)组、轻度盐渍(LS)组和中度盐渍(MS)组中显著高于重度盐渍(HS)组;复制和修复(replication and repair)在重度盐渍(HS)组中占有较高的比例,并且RDA分析显示土壤盐分是本研究野生乌拉尔土壤细菌群落功能的关键影响因子。由此可知,环境因子对野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落功能具有重要影响。
土壤盐分导致了野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落功能的分异。研究表明膜转运功能对于细菌物质运输、主动摄取营养物质起着至关重要的作用[57]。细菌能够通过调节膜转运选择性吸收植物分泌的代谢产物,与植物之间建立互作关系[58]。说明以膜转运功能为主的非盐渍、轻度盐渍和中度盐渍生境中的野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落,在与植物互作方面更具有潜能,从而有利于乌拉尔甘草环境适应性的提升。此外,微生物修复生物分子损伤、产生细胞外酶竞争资源是应对高盐胁迫的基本途径[59-60]。可见以复制和修复功能为主的重度盐渍环境中的野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落,在自我修复和适应高盐环境中更具有潜能,对乌拉尔甘草抗盐能力提高具有重要作用。土壤细菌功能的预测有助于深入验证野生乌拉尔甘草土壤细菌群落结构的变化,并阐明环境因子对野生乌拉尔甘草土壤微生物群落功能的重要影响。
本研究探讨了野生乌拉尔甘草原生境不同盐渍程度土壤细菌群落多样性、组成和功能的差异。野生乌拉尔甘草在轻度盐渍(LS)组和中度盐渍(MS)组中的土壤细菌群落丰富度和多样性均明显高于非盐渍(US)组和重度盐渍(HS)组。RDA分析显示土壤盐分(TS)是野生乌拉尔甘草原生境土壤细菌群落组成和功能关键影响因子。属水平,US和LS组中的优势菌属相同,均为有益菌。MS组中的优势菌属既包括有益菌也包括嗜盐菌。HS组中的优势菌属主要为嗜盐菌或耐盐菌。以上结果表明野生乌拉尔甘草在非盐渍和轻度盐渍生境中主要功能菌群为有益菌,功能预测分析强调US、LS和MS组的土壤细菌群落在与植物互作方面的潜力,对乌拉尔甘草品质形成具有重要影响;重度盐渍生境中的主要功能菌群为嗜盐菌、耐盐菌,功能预测分析表明HS组在自我修复和适应高盐环境中更具有潜能,对乌拉尔甘草抗盐能力提高具有重要作用;中度盐渍生境兼具以上二者优势菌群特征,是值得关注的类型。
  • 国家自然科学基金(31760046)
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2024年第64卷第5期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230724
  • 接收时间:2023-11-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-05-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-28
  • 录用日期:2024-01-31
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760046)
国家自然科学基金(31760046)
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    1 石河子大学生命科学学院, 新疆 石河子 832003
    2 绿洲城镇与山盆系统生态兵团重点实验室, 新疆 石河子 832003
    3 石河子大学甘草研究所, 新疆 石河子 832003

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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