Article(id=1241375605850165318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241053870428844598, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230490, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1689955200000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1693324800000, acceptedDateStr=2023-08-30, onlineDate=1773896608077, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1706976000000, pubDateStr=2024-02-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773896608077, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773896608077, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773896608077, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241053870428844598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='2', pageStart='331', pageEnd='632', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773819900376, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773820055293, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241054520269140366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241053870428844598, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241054520269140367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241053870428844598, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=597, endPage=606, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241375606189903944, articleId=1241375605850165318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Transcriptional regulation of type Ⅵ secretion system 1 genes by QsvR inVibrio parahaemolyticus, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To study the transcriptional regulation of type Ⅵ secretion system 1 (T6SS1) genes by QsvR inVibrio parahaemolyticus.[Methods] Total RNA was extracted from the wild type (WT) andqsvR mutant (ΔqsvR). Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was employed to investigate the transcriptional regulation of target genes by QsvR. Primer extension was carried out to detect the transcription initiation site and core promoter for each target gene and calculate the transcriptional variations between WT and ΔqsvR. The regulatory DNA region of each target gene was cloned into the restriction endonuclease sites of pHRP309 harboring a promoterless genelacZ, and then each recombinant plasmid was transferred into WT and ΔqsvR, respectively. A β-Galactosidase Enzyme Assay System (Promega) was used to measure the β-galactosidase activity in cell lysates. The recombinant pHRP309 vector containing the regulatory DNA region of one of the target gene was transferred intoEscherichia coli 100λpir harboring an empty pBAD33 or pBAD33-qsvR to test whether QsvR can regulate the target genes in a heterologous host. The regulatory DNA region of each target gene was amplified by PCR, and His-QsvR was over-expressed and then purified under native conditions with nickel loaded HiTrap Chelating Sepharose columns (Amersham). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was employed to determine the DNA-binding activity of His-QsvR to each target DNA fragmentin vitro.[Results] The mRNA levels of T6SS1-associated genes, VP1388 (the first gene of VP1388–1390 operon) andhcp1 (the first gene of VP1393–1406 operon), were significantly up-regulated in ΔqsvR relative to those in WT, indicating that QsvR activated the transcription of VP1388 andhcp1. Only one transcription initiation site was detected for VP1388 orhcp1, locating at 64 bp upstream of VP1388 and 62 bp upstream ofhcp1, respectively, and their transcriptional activities were all repressed by QsvR. QsvR repressed the promoter activities of VP1388 andhcp1 in bothV.parahaemolyticus andE.coli 100λpir. His-QsvR was able to bind to the regulatory DNA regions of VP1388 andhcp1.[Conclusion] QsvR directly repressed the transcription of T6SS1-associated operons, VP1388–1390 and VP1393–1406, inV.parahaemolyticus.

, correspAuthors=Yiquan ZHANG, Renfei LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*ZHANG Yiquan, E-mail:;
LU Renfei, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan WU, Yue QIU, Qimin WU, Miaomiao ZHANG, Xue LI, Yiquan ZHANG, Renfei LU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241375607133622354, articleId=1241375605850165318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=QsvR对副溶血弧菌Ⅵ型分泌系统1相关基因的转录调控, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】研究调控蛋白QsvR对副溶血弧菌Ⅵ型分泌系统1 (type Ⅵ secretion system 1, T6SS1)相关基因的转录调控关系。【方法】提取野生株(wild type, WT)和qsvR突变株(ΔqsvR)的总RNA,采用实时定量PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qPCR)研究QsvR对靶基因的调控关系;进而采用引物延伸法定位靶基因的转录起始位点和核心启动子区,并根据引物延伸产物丰度判断QsvR对靶基因的调控关系;将靶基因的调控区DNA序列克隆入pHRP309质粒中的β-半乳糖苷酶基因上游(LacZ重组质粒),并将重组质粒转化入WT和ΔqsvR中,通过LacZ报告基因融合试验研究QsvR对靶基因的调控关系;将LacZ重组质粒分别转化入含有pBAD33或pBAD33-qsvR的大肠杆菌100λpir中,进一步采用LacZ报告基因融合试验研究在异体宿主中QsvR对靶基因的调控关系;PCR扩增靶基因调控区DNA序列,同时表达并纯化His-QsvR重组蛋白,采用凝胶阻滞试验(electrophoresis mobility shift assay, EMSA)研究His-QsvR对靶基因调控区DNA序列是否具有直接的结合作用。【结果】qPCR结果显示,与WT相比,ΔqsvR中T6SS1相关基因VP1388 (操纵子VP1388−1390首基因)和hcp1 (操纵子VP1393−1406首基因)的转录水平显著性升高,表明QsvR抑制VP1388和hcp1的转录;引物延伸结果显示VP1388和hcp1各有一个转录起始位点,分别为C (−64)和T (−62),且它们的转录活性受QsvR的抑制;LacZ报告基因融合试验结果显示QsvR可以抑制副溶血弧菌和EC100λpir中VP1388和hcp1的启动子区转录活性;EMSA结果显示His-QsvR对VP1388和hcp1的启动子区DNA序列具有直接的结合活性。【结论】QsvR对T6SS1相关操纵子VP1388−1390和VP1393−1406的转录具有直接的抑制作用。

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journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241375605850165318, companyId=1241375768274587913, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241375768287170827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241375605850165318, companyId=1241375768274587913, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 南京医科大学附属常州第二人民医院检验科, 江苏 常州 213000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241375772133347653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241375605850165318, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Negative regulation of VP1388 andhcp1 by QsvR. The negative and positive numbers represent the nucleotide positions upstream and downstream of each target gene, respectively. A: qPCR. The relative mRNA levels of each target gene were compared between ΔqsvR and WT.P<0.01 was considered significant based on paired Student'st-test. B: Primer extension. Lanes G, A, T, and C represent the Sanger sequencing reactions., figureFileSmall=4OvGyStt3tv2YbtLCxiJ5A==, figureFileBig=+MAhYTQluHsZxLxnzsHo5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241375772196262214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241375605850165318, language=CN, label=图1, caption=QsvR负调控VP1388和hcp1的转录, figureFileSmall=4OvGyStt3tv2YbtLCxiJ5A==, figureFileBig=+MAhYTQluHsZxLxnzsHo5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241375772292731207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241375605850165318, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=QsvR inhibited the promoter activities of VP1388 (A) andhcp1 (B). The negative and positive numbers represent the nucleotide positions upstream and downstream of each target gene, respectively.P<0.01 was considered significant based on paired Student'st-test., figureFileSmall=ZWQ9GXS0lutYav73HXPdJQ==, figureFileBig=dnV88hfRXUTzBuKtCIIxaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241375772359840072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241375605850165318, language=CN, label=图2, caption=QsvR负调控VP1388 (A)和hcp1 (B)的启动子区转录活性, figureFileSmall=ZWQ9GXS0lutYav73HXPdJQ==, figureFileBig=dnV88hfRXUTzBuKtCIIxaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241375772426948937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241375605850165318, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Regulation of VP1388 andhcp1 by QsvR in a heterologous host. The negative and positive numbers represent the nucleotide positions upstream and downstream of each target gene, respectively.P<0.01 was considered significant based on paired Student'st-test. A: qPCR. The relative mRNA levels ofqsvR were compared between EC100/pBAD33 and EC100/pBAD33-qsvR. B and C: Two-plasmidlacZ reporter assay., figureFileSmall=MTQIQPQJOVCQyBYsohZIdA==, figureFileBig=bhfZ0/abftcej+s3pLhcYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241375772506640715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241375605850165318, language=CN, label=图3, caption=QsvR调控异源宿主中VP1388和hcp1的表达, figureFileSmall=MTQIQPQJOVCQyBYsohZIdA==, figureFileBig=bhfZ0/abftcej+s3pLhcYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241375772590526796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241375605850165318, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Binding of His-QsvR to the regulatory DNA regions of VP1388 andhcp1. The negative and positive numbers represent the nucleotide positions upstream and downstream of each target gene, respectively., figureFileSmall=959DXjrQ0d/4kY7IJrl2hg==, figureFileBig=xVTJRduKihD2vRb7NhcDpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241375772657635661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241375605850165318, language=CN, label=图4, caption=His-QsvR对VP1388和hcp1调控区DNA序列的结合作用分析, figureFileSmall=959DXjrQ0d/4kY7IJrl2hg==, figureFileBig=xVTJRduKihD2vRb7NhcDpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241375772716355918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241375605850165318, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Oligonucleotide primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneSequences (forward/reverse, 5′→3′)
qPCR
  VP1388CGTCCTTACACCTGATGAG/TGTCGAATAGCCGTTAG
  hcp1GGTCAACCTACTGGTCAACG/TAGTGCTCTTGCTTGCCTTG
  16S rRNAGACACGGTCCAGACTCCTAC/GGTGCTTCTTCTGTCGCTAAC
Primer extension
  VP1388/GATAGCTCGTTGGAGGAAAG
  hcp1/GAGTTTCACCGTTGATAGAC
LacZ fusion
  VP1388AAAGTCGACCAATGGTGAATATGCCGTG/AAGGTACCGATAGCTCGTTGGAGGAAAG
  hcp1GCGCGTCGACGCTATCGGGTGTAGACGCTG/GCGCGAATTCGAGTTTCACCGTTGATAGAC
EMSA
  VP1388CAATGGTGAATATGCCGTG/GATAGCTCGTTGGAGGAAAG
  hcp1GCTATCGGGTGTAGACGCTG/GAGTTTCACCGTTGATAGAC
16S rRNAGACACGGTCCAGACTCCTAC/GGTGCTTCTTCTGTCGCTAAC
), ArticleFig(id=1241375772775076175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241375605850165318, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneSequences (forward/reverse, 5′→3′)
qPCR
  VP1388CGTCCTTACACCTGATGAG/TGTCGAATAGCCGTTAG
  hcp1GGTCAACCTACTGGTCAACG/TAGTGCTCTTGCTTGCCTTG
  16S rRNAGACACGGTCCAGACTCCTAC/GGTGCTTCTTCTGTCGCTAAC
Primer extension
  VP1388/GATAGCTCGTTGGAGGAAAG
  hcp1/GAGTTTCACCGTTGATAGAC
LacZ fusion
  VP1388AAAGTCGACCAATGGTGAATATGCCGTG/AAGGTACCGATAGCTCGTTGGAGGAAAG
  hcp1GCGCGTCGACGCTATCGGGTGTAGACGCTG/GCGCGAATTCGAGTTTCACCGTTGATAGAC
EMSA
  VP1388CAATGGTGAATATGCCGTG/GATAGCTCGTTGGAGGAAAG
  hcp1GCTATCGGGTGTAGACGCTG/GAGTTTCACCGTTGATAGAC
16S rRNAGACACGGTCCAGACTCCTAC/GGTGCTTCTTCTGTCGCTAAC
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QsvR对副溶血弧菌Ⅵ型分泌系统1相关基因的转录调控
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吴燕 1, 2 , 仇越 3 , 吴齐敏 1, 2 , 张苗苗 2 , 李雪 2 , 张义全 1, 2, * , 陆仁飞 1, 2, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(2): 597-606
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(2): 597-606
QsvR对副溶血弧菌Ⅵ型分泌系统1相关基因的转录调控
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吴燕1, 2, 仇越3, 吴齐敏1, 2, 张苗苗2, 李雪2, 张义全1, 2, * , 陆仁飞1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 南通大学医学院, 江苏 南通 226019
  • 2 南通市第三人民医院 南通大学附属南通第三医院检验科, 江苏 南通 226006
  • 3 南京医科大学附属常州第二人民医院检验科, 江苏 常州 213000
Transcriptional regulation of type Ⅵ secretion system 1 genes by QsvR inVibrio parahaemolyticus
Yan WU1, 2, Yue QIU3, Qimin WU1, 2, Miaomiao ZHANG2, Xue LI2, Yiquan ZHANG1, 2, * , Renfei LU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
  • 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China
  • 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
出版时间: 2024-02-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230490
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【目的】研究调控蛋白QsvR对副溶血弧菌Ⅵ型分泌系统1 (type Ⅵ secretion system 1, T6SS1)相关基因的转录调控关系。【方法】提取野生株(wild type, WT)和qsvR突变株(ΔqsvR)的总RNA,采用实时定量PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qPCR)研究QsvR对靶基因的调控关系;进而采用引物延伸法定位靶基因的转录起始位点和核心启动子区,并根据引物延伸产物丰度判断QsvR对靶基因的调控关系;将靶基因的调控区DNA序列克隆入pHRP309质粒中的β-半乳糖苷酶基因上游(LacZ重组质粒),并将重组质粒转化入WT和ΔqsvR中,通过LacZ报告基因融合试验研究QsvR对靶基因的调控关系;将LacZ重组质粒分别转化入含有pBAD33或pBAD33-qsvR的大肠杆菌100λpir中,进一步采用LacZ报告基因融合试验研究在异体宿主中QsvR对靶基因的调控关系;PCR扩增靶基因调控区DNA序列,同时表达并纯化His-QsvR重组蛋白,采用凝胶阻滞试验(electrophoresis mobility shift assay, EMSA)研究His-QsvR对靶基因调控区DNA序列是否具有直接的结合作用。【结果】qPCR结果显示,与WT相比,ΔqsvR中T6SS1相关基因VP1388 (操纵子VP1388−1390首基因)和hcp1 (操纵子VP1393−1406首基因)的转录水平显著性升高,表明QsvR抑制VP1388和hcp1的转录;引物延伸结果显示VP1388和hcp1各有一个转录起始位点,分别为C (−64)和T (−62),且它们的转录活性受QsvR的抑制;LacZ报告基因融合试验结果显示QsvR可以抑制副溶血弧菌和EC100λpir中VP1388和hcp1的启动子区转录活性;EMSA结果显示His-QsvR对VP1388和hcp1的启动子区DNA序列具有直接的结合活性。【结论】QsvR对T6SS1相关操纵子VP1388−1390和VP1393−1406的转录具有直接的抑制作用。

副溶血弧菌  /  QsvR  /  Ⅵ型分泌系统1 (T6SS1)  /  转录调控

[Objective] To study the transcriptional regulation of type Ⅵ secretion system 1 (T6SS1) genes by QsvR inVibrio parahaemolyticus.[Methods] Total RNA was extracted from the wild type (WT) andqsvR mutant (ΔqsvR). Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was employed to investigate the transcriptional regulation of target genes by QsvR. Primer extension was carried out to detect the transcription initiation site and core promoter for each target gene and calculate the transcriptional variations between WT and ΔqsvR. The regulatory DNA region of each target gene was cloned into the restriction endonuclease sites of pHRP309 harboring a promoterless genelacZ, and then each recombinant plasmid was transferred into WT and ΔqsvR, respectively. A β-Galactosidase Enzyme Assay System (Promega) was used to measure the β-galactosidase activity in cell lysates. The recombinant pHRP309 vector containing the regulatory DNA region of one of the target gene was transferred intoEscherichia coli 100λpir harboring an empty pBAD33 or pBAD33-qsvR to test whether QsvR can regulate the target genes in a heterologous host. The regulatory DNA region of each target gene was amplified by PCR, and His-QsvR was over-expressed and then purified under native conditions with nickel loaded HiTrap Chelating Sepharose columns (Amersham). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was employed to determine the DNA-binding activity of His-QsvR to each target DNA fragmentin vitro.[Results] The mRNA levels of T6SS1-associated genes, VP1388 (the first gene of VP1388–1390 operon) andhcp1 (the first gene of VP1393–1406 operon), were significantly up-regulated in ΔqsvR relative to those in WT, indicating that QsvR activated the transcription of VP1388 andhcp1. Only one transcription initiation site was detected for VP1388 orhcp1, locating at 64 bp upstream of VP1388 and 62 bp upstream ofhcp1, respectively, and their transcriptional activities were all repressed by QsvR. QsvR repressed the promoter activities of VP1388 andhcp1 in bothV.parahaemolyticus andE.coli 100λpir. His-QsvR was able to bind to the regulatory DNA regions of VP1388 andhcp1.[Conclusion] QsvR directly repressed the transcription of T6SS1-associated operons, VP1388–1390 and VP1393–1406, inV.parahaemolyticus.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus  /  QsvR  /  type Ⅵ secretion system 1 (T6SS1)  /  transcriptional regulation
吴燕, 仇越, 吴齐敏, 张苗苗, 李雪, 张义全, 陆仁飞. QsvR对副溶血弧菌Ⅵ型分泌系统1相关基因的转录调控. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (2) : 597 -606 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230490
Yan WU, Yue QIU, Qimin WU, Miaomiao ZHANG, Xue LI, Yiquan ZHANG, Renfei LU. Transcriptional regulation of type Ⅵ secretion system 1 genes by QsvR inVibrio parahaemolyticus[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (2) : 597 -606 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230490
副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)是一种嗜盐性、革兰氏阴性弧菌,广泛存在于海洋生态系统中,是沿海地区细菌性食物中毒的首要病原菌[1]。当人们食用生的或未被彻底蒸煮的海产品时,可能会被其感染,引起以腹泻、腹痛、呕吐和发热等为主要症状的急性肠胃炎,但通常为自限性[2]。当开放性伤口与海水或者海产品接触时,副溶血弧菌还可能引起蜂窝织炎、坏死性肌膜炎等软组织感染,严重者可导致组织坏死,多见于渔民[3]。当副溶血弧菌播散至被感染者的血液循环系统时,可引起败血症甚至死亡,多见于免疫功能低下者(特别是肝肿瘤患者)[3]
副溶血弧菌能表达多种毒力因子,如耐热直接溶血素(thermostable direct hemolysin, TDH)、TDH相关溶血素(TDH-related hemolysin, TRH)、Ⅲ型分泌系统(type Ⅲ secretion system, T3SS)、Ⅵ型分泌系统(type Ⅵ secretion system, T6SS) 等[4]。其中,T6SS是普遍存在于革兰氏阴性菌中的一种针状蛋白注射装置,能将效应子蛋白注入靶细胞(真核或原核细胞)内,影响细胞生命活动[5]。副溶血弧菌能表达2种类型的T6SS,分别称为T6SS1 (VP1386−1420)和T6SS2 (VPA1024− 1046)[6]。T6SS1存在于致病菌株中,主要具有抑菌活性,与副溶血弧菌的环境竞争能力相关[7-8]。T6SS2存在于所有菌株中,主要具有细胞黏附活性,与副溶血弧菌的致病性相关[7-8]。此外,有研究者在副溶血弧菌中发现了一种新型T6SS,其基因位点位于质粒上,与T6SS1只有4%的相似性,但同样具有抑菌活性[9]
QsvR是AraC家族的转录调控子,由操纵子VPA0607-qsvR编码[10]。QsvR直接抑制VPA0607-qsvR的转录,而VPA0607蛋白是活性RNase Ⅱ,能转录后抑制QsvR的表达[10]。QsvR与群体感应系统(quorum sensing, QS)核心调控子AphA和OpaR之间具有相互调控作用,并协同调控关键毒力基因(如TDH基因)的转录[10-11]。QsvR与OpaR通过协调控制多个与生物被膜形成相关基因的转录来抑制副溶血弧菌生物被膜形成[12]。QsvR还能直接抑制toxRcalR的转录,但对cpsQ-mfpABCmfpABC和T6SS2相关基因的转录具有直接的激活作用[13-14]。此外,QsvR对极鞭毛基因的转录也具有直接的抑制作用[15]。本研究探究了QsvR对T6SS1相关基因(VP1388–1390和VP1393–1406)的转录调控作用。
副溶血弧菌RIMD2210633 [野生型(wild type, WT)]及其qsvR突变株(ΔqsvR)、His-QsvR重组蛋白表达菌、pHRP309质粒等由南通市第三人民医院、南通大学附属南通第三医院检验科保存[11]。在之前的研究中,已证明ΔqsvR为非极性突变株,因为回补株的生物被膜和毒力相关表型均与WT保持一致[11-12]
TRIzol试剂,Invitrogen公司;Primer Extension System和β-Galactosidase Enzyme Assay System试剂盒,Promega公司;AccuPower & Top DNA Sequencing Kit,Bioneer公司;蛋白胨粉(tryptone)和酵母提取物(yeast extract),OXOID公司;氯化钠(NaCl),生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;2×Taq PCR MasterMix、SuperReal荧光定量预混试剂彩色版(SYBR Green)、FastKing一步法除基因组cDNA第一链合成预混试剂盒、普通DNA产物纯化试剂盒等,天根生化科技(北京)有限公司。
对副溶血弧菌的培养方法如下:取20 μL甘油菌种接种于5 mL的marine Luria-Bertani (MLB)肉汤(1%蛋白胨、0.5%酵母提取物和3% NaCl)中,30 ℃、200 r/min培养12 h,至平台期;培养产物直接用MLB肉汤稀释至OD600为0.5,取25 μL滴加在MLB平板上,30 ºC静置培养4 h后(该条件下T6SS1具有杀菌活性[8])收集菌体。对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli, EC)的培养方法如下:取20 μL甘油菌种接种于5 mL的LB肉汤(1%蛋白胨、0.5%酵母提取物和1% NaCl)中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养12 h;按1:1 000稀释后接种至5 mL新鲜的LB肉汤中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养至对数中期(OD600为1.2),收集菌体[13]。某些情况下,还需添加l-阿拉伯糖和抗生素,工作浓度如下:l-阿拉伯糖为0.1%、氯霉素为20 μg/mL、庆大霉素为100 μg/mL。
采用TRIzol试剂提取WT和ΔqsvR的总RNA。取1 μg的总RNA,利用FastKing一步法除基因组cDNA第一链合成预混试剂盒制备cDNA,进而采用SuperReal荧光定量预混试剂彩色版(SYBR Green)进行qPCR分析。以16S rRNA基因的表达量为内参,采用经典的2−ΔΔCt法对靶基因的转录水平进行相对定量[16]。所用引物见表1
将能与靶基因mRNA互补的特异性引物(表1)的5′末端用[γ-32P]-ATP (5 000 Ci/mmol)进行放射性标记[17]。分别以等量的WT和ΔqsvR总RNA为模板,利用Primer Extension System进行引物延伸试验,将靶基因的mRNA逆转录成cDNA。逆转录产物配伍Sanger测序条带进行6%聚丙烯酰胺变性胶凝胶电泳,−20 ºC放射自显影后,分析结果[18-19]
pHRP309质粒含有一个无启动子区的β-半乳糖苷酶基因和一个庆大霉素抗性基因,广泛用于原核生物中的LacZ报告基因融合试验[20]。将靶基因启动子区DNA序列克隆入pHRP309质粒中无启动子的β-半乳糖苷酶基因上游,构建LacZ质粒,并将其转化入WT和ΔqsvR中,获得LacZ菌株。LacZ菌株按1.2的方法培养后,采用β-Galactosidase Enzyme Assay System试剂盒检测不同菌株中β-半乳糖苷酶活性(用Miller units表示),通过比较Miller units数值大小即可判断QsvR对靶基因的调控关系[14]
PCR扩增靶基因启动子区DNA序列(引物见表1),并用T4多聚核苷酸激酶和[γ-32P]-ATP对其5′末端进行放射性标记,制备EMSA探针[17]。表达并纯化His-QsvR重组蛋白[11]。将不同浓度的His-QsvR与EMSA探针在10 μL结合体系(1 mmol/L MgCl2,0.5 mmol/L EDTA,0.5 mmol/L DTT,50 mmol/L NaCl,10 mmol/L pH 7.5的Tris-HCl, 0.05 mg/mL鲑鱼精DNA,EMSA探针)中共孵育20 min (室温条件下),然后进行4%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,−20 ℃放射自显影后分析结果。
引物延伸和EMSA至少重复2次,并获得相似或相同的试验结果。qPCR和LacZ报告基因融合试验至少被重复3次,每次至少包含3个生物学重复,结果用平均值±标准差(standard deviation, SD)表示,利用双尾t检验进行统计学分析,P<0.01表示具有显著性差异。
研究表明,QsvR对T6SS2相关基因转录具有直接的激活作用[13]。本研究用能诱导T6SS1杀菌活性的条件培养副溶血弧菌[8],并收集菌体,研究QsvR对VP1388–1390和VP1393–1406操纵子首基因的转录调控关系。qPCR结果显示(图1A),ΔqsvR中的VP1388和hcp1 (VP1393) mRNA丰度比在WT中的高4倍以上,且具有统计学意义(P<0.01),说明QsvR对VP1388和hcp1的转录具有抑制作用;进一步采用引物延伸试验研究VP1388和hcp1的转录起始位点以及QsvR对它们的调控关系,如图1B所示,VP1388和hcp1各有1个转录起始位点,分别为位于起始密码子ATG上游第64位碱基的C和第62位碱基的T,且二者在ΔqsvR中的转录丰度显著高于在WT中的,这进一步表明QsvR负调控VP1388和hcp1的转录。总之,上述结果表明QavR负调控T6SS1相关基因的转录。
分别将VP1388和hcp1上游调控区DNA序列克隆入pHRP309质粒中无启动子的β-半乳糖苷酶基因的上游,获得LacZ重组质粒,并将重组质粒分别转化入WT和ΔqsvR中,采用LacZ报告基因融合试验进一步研究QsvR对T6SS1相关基因的转录调控关系,结果如图2所示。与WT相比,ΔqsvR中的VP1388和hcp1启动子区控制下的β-半乳糖苷酶基因表达水平均显著升高(P<0.01),这说明QsvR负调控VP1388和hcp1的启动子区转录活性。
分别将pBAD33和pBAD33-qsvR转化入EC100λpir中,构建双质粒报告基因试验的受体菌(分别记为EC100/pBAD33和EC100/pBAD33-qsvR)。经0.1% l-阿拉伯糖诱导后,EC100/ pBAD33-qsvR中的qsvR可高水平转录,从而过表达QsvR蛋白,而EC100/pBAD33则不能表达QsvR (图3A)。将靶基因(VP1388和hcp1)的LacZ重组质粒分别转化入EC100/pBAD33和EC100/ pBAD33-qsvR中,采用LacZ试验研究异源宿主中表达的QsvR是否能调控靶基因启动子区活性,如图3B3C所示。与EC100/pBAD33相比,在EC100/pBAD33-qsvR中检测到的β-半乳糖苷酶活性显著降低(P<0.01),这说明在异源宿主中,QsvR的过表达也可以抑制VP1388和hcp1的启动子区活性,说明QsvR对VP1388和hcp1的启动子区DNA序列具有直接的结合活性。
PCR扩增VP1388和hcp1的上游调控区DNA序列,并用[γ-32P]-ATP (5 000 Ci/mmol)对其5′末端进行放射性标记,进而采用EMSA试验研究体外条件下His-QsvR是否对其具有作用,结果如图4所示。His-QsvR能剂量依赖性地结合到VP1388和hcp1上游调控区DNA序列上;当提前加入2 pmol未标记的相同DNA片段作为竞争性DNA (第5泳道)时,由于His-QsvR先与竞争性DNA结合而导致不能再与EMSA探针结合,因此阻滞带减弱或消失;当提前加入2 pmol未标记的16S rDNA作为阴性探针(第6泳道)时,则对His-QsvR与EMSA探针结合无任何影响;当用鼠疫菌F1抗原作为无关蛋白(第7泳道)替代His-QsvR加入到反应体系中,则没有出现任何阻滞条带。这些结果表明His-QsvR能特异性地结合到VP1388和hcp1上游调控区DNA序列上。可见,QsvR对VP1388和hcp1的转录具有直接的调控作用。
副溶血弧菌T6SS1基因位点(VP1386−1420)至少包含7个推定的操纵子,即VP1386−1387、VP1388−1390、VP1392−1391、VP1393−1406、VP1400−1406、VP1409−1407和VP1410−1420[6]。本研究以VP1388−1390和VP1393−1406操纵子首基因为研究对象,利用一系列经典的分子调控试验技术研究了QsvR对它们的转录调控机制。qPCR和引物延伸结果显示,VP1388和hcp1各只有1个转录起始位点,分别为C (−64)和T (−62),且二者的转录活性受QsvR的抑制(图1);随后的LacZ报告基因融合试验结果显示,QsvR能够抑制VP1388和hcp1的启动子活性(图2);双质粒报告基因融合试验结果表明,在EC中过表达的QsvR可以结合到VP1388和hcp1的启动子区而抑制它们转录(图3);体外的EMSA试验结果表明His-QsvR对VP1388和hcp1的调控区DNA序列具有结合作用(图4)。总之,QsvR直接抑制VP1388hcp1的转录。
研究结果表明,T6SS1在模拟海洋环境的培养基中表达水平高,而T6SS2在模拟宿主体内条件的培养基中表达水平高[8]。QS系统核心调控子AphA和OpaR对T6SS1和T6SS2相关基因的转录均具有调控作用[21-22]。低细菌密度时,AphA起调控作用,间接抑制T6SS1和T6SS2相关基因的转录;而高细菌密度时,OpaR起调控作用,分别直接抑制和直接激活T6SS1和T6SS2相关基因的转录[21-22]。因此,T6SS1和T6SS2相关基因的转录均具有细菌密度依赖性特征[21-22]。毒力调控子ToxR也能直接抑制T6SS1相关基因的转录[21]。位于T6SS1基因点位内的VP1391和VP1407,以及VP1028编码产物均为调控子蛋白,它们对T6SS1相关基因的转录均具有正调控作用[23-25]。CalR对T6SS1和T6SS2相关基因的转录均具有直接的转录调控作用[26-27]。H-NS对T6SS1和T6SS2相关基因的转录均具有抑制作用[23,28-29]。RpoN能直接激活T6SS2相关基因的转录,rpoN突变株中T6SS2基因转录被显著下调[30]。此外,副溶血弧菌能在褶皱型和光滑型菌落之间自发、可逆地转换,相比于在光滑型菌落中,褶皱型菌落中T6SS1和T6SS2的表达水平被显著下调[31]。研究发现,QsvR也能直接结合到T6SS1和T6SS2相关基因启动子区而调控它们的转录[13]。另外,QsvR直接抑制calRtoxRaphA的转录,而直接激活opaR的转录[11,14];同时,AphA间接激活VPA0607-qsvR的转录,而OpaR直接抑制其转录[10]。可见,副溶血弧菌T6SS的表达受QS系统(通过AphA和OpaR)及其他相关调控子(如QsvR、ToxR等)组成的调控网络的紧密调控。后续仍需要大量的研究来进一步解析副溶血弧菌T6SS基因的表达调控网络。
  • 南通市自然科学基金(JC2021027)
  • 南通市卫生健康委员会科研课题(QN2022044)
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2024年第64卷第2期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230490
  • 接收时间:2023-07-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-02-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-22
  • 录用日期:2023-08-30
基金
Nantong Natural Science Foundation(JC2021027)
南通市自然科学基金(JC2021027)
Research Projects of Nantong Health Commission(QN2022044)
南通市卫生健康委员会科研课题(QN2022044)
作者信息
    1 南通大学医学院, 江苏 南通 226019
    2 南通市第三人民医院 南通大学附属南通第三医院检验科, 江苏 南通 226006
    3 南京医科大学附属常州第二人民医院检验科, 江苏 常州 213000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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