Article(id=1241357437991711545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241357427292033288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230503, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1690732800000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1697126400000, acceptedDateStr=2023-10-13, onlineDate=1773892276522, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1709481600000, pubDateStr=2024-03-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773892276522, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773892276522, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892276522, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241357427292033288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='3', pageStart='651', pageEnd='967', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773892273972, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892616576, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241358864344478487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241357427292033288, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241358864344478488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241357427292033288, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=755, endPage=766, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241357439975617448, articleId=1241357437991711545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Heterologous expression and characterization of a GH9 glucanase geneIDSGLUC9-25 from rumen microbiota in Hu sheep, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Glucanases serve as one of the main components in feed additives. This study identified and characterized a novel GH9 glucanase gene derived from rumen microbiota in herbivores, aiming to provide a reference for the research and development of feed enzymes. [Methods] We obtained theIDSGLUC9-25 gene from the rumen fluid cDNA of Hu sheep and heterologously expressed it inEscherichia coli. The recombinant protein was induced for expression by isopropyl β-d-thiogalactopyranoside, purified, and then subjected to functional characterization. [Results] IDSGLUC9-25 encoded a protein consisting of 527 amino acid residues, which included a CelD_N domain and a GH9 family catalytic domain. The recombinant rIDSGLUC9-25 protein exhibited a molecular weight of approximately 62.7 kDa and the highest enzymatic activity at 40 ℃ and pH 6.0. The enzyme displayed robust catalytic activity within the temperature range of 30–50 ℃. After preincubation at pH 4.0–8.0 for 1 h, rIDSGLUC9-25 retained the relative activity over 90%. The substrate spectrum analysis revealed that rIDSGLUC9-25 exhibited specific activities against barley β-glucan, moss lichenan, konjac gum, and xyloglucan, with the activities of (443.55±24.48), (65.56±5.98), (122.37±2.85), and (159.16±7.73) U/mg, respectively. The hydrolysis assay showed that rIDSGLUC9-25 primarily catalyzed the hydrolysis of β-glucan into cellotriose (representing 64.19%±1.19% of total reducing sugars) and cellotetraose (representing 26.24%±0.12% of total reducing sugars). Additionally, the enzyme predominantly generated cellotriose from the hydrolysis of lichenan (representing 78.46%±0.89% of total reducing sugars). [Conclusion] This study characterizes IDSGLUC9-25, an endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) derived fromTreponema sp. The enzyme exhibited robust activity in the conversion of polysaccharides into cellotriose and cellotetraose, establishing a foundation for the development of feed enzymes and functional oligosaccharides preparation.

, correspAuthors=Qian WANG, Jiehao XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*WANG Qian, E-mail:;
XU Jiehao, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaofeng XU, Junyan HAN, Yujie DING, Jing LIAO, Deying GAO, Ji ZHANG, Jiakun WANG, Shangjun YIN, Qian WANG, Jiehao XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241357447563112705, articleId=1241357437991711545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=湖羊瘤胃微生物GH9家族葡聚糖酶基因IDSGLUC9-25的表达与功能表征, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】葡聚糖酶是饲用添加剂的重要成分,本研究旨在从湖羊消化道微生物中挖掘性质优良的GH9家族葡聚糖酶基因,用于研发新型饲用酶制剂。【方法】从湖羊瘤胃微生物cDNA中扩增IDSGLUC9-25基因,在大肠杆菌中进行异源表达,对重组蛋白进行诱导表达和纯化,研究重组蛋白的酶学性质和底物水解模式。【结果】IDSGLUC9-25基因编码527个氨基酸,包含一个CelD_N结构和一个GH9家族催化结构域;重组蛋白rIDSGLUC9-25分子量约为62.7 kDa,最适反应温度和pH分别为40 ℃和6.0,在30–50 ℃下活性较高,在pH 4.0–8.0范围内能够保持较高的稳定性,经pH 4.0–8.0缓冲液处理1 h后残余活性均大于90%;底物谱分析表明,rIDSGLUC9-25能催化大麦β-葡聚糖、苔藓地衣多糖、魔芋胶和木葡聚糖,比活性分别为(443.55±24.48)、(65.56±5.98)、(122.37±2.85)和(159.16±7.73) U/mg;利用薄层色谱法(thin layer chromatography, TLC)和高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)分析水解产物发现,rIDSGLUC9-25降解大麦葡聚糖主要生成纤维三糖(占总还原糖64.19%±1.19%)和纤维四糖(占总还原糖26.24%±0.12%),催化地衣多糖主要生成纤维三糖(占总还原糖78.46%±0.89%)。【结论】本研究报道了一种来自密螺旋体属细菌的内切β-1,4-葡聚糖酶IDSGLUC9-25 (EC 3.2.1.4),能高效催化多糖底物生成纤维三糖和纤维四糖,为研发饲用酶制剂和制备低聚寡糖建立基础。

, correspAuthors=王谦, 徐洁皓, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=M3A/k9FUbmfQjBe6/Pvi8Q==, magXml=hG6QOfD4CH4YM4du8LgnuA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=EbUkbPdYhZYwNBuPXVQGvA==, pdfFileSize=981981, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=BkIkqVxo50k2bcR3hEUplg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ivZe3qWndb/742GYHQYcRg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=徐晓锋, 韩俊彦, 丁钰杰, 廖静, 高德英, 张骥, 王佳堃, 尹尚军, 王谦, 徐洁皓)}, authors=[Author(id=1241444386899292549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357437991711545, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241444387020927371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357437991711545, authorId=1241444386899292549, language=EN, stringName=Xiaofeng XU, firstName=Xiaofeng, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
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Gn: Cellooligosaccharides with different degree of polymerization (n=2–6); G1: Glucose; G2: Cellobiose; G3: Cellotriose; G4: Cellotetraose; G5: Cellopentaose; G6: Cellosehexaose., figureFileSmall=XuhtkUbs/zVqTC5ZZ0PF4g==, figureFileBig=2/2h1MvaiiApl+xGI6P4pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444398395880115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357437991711545, language=CN, label=图5, caption=TLC分析rIDSGLUC9-25水解产物, figureFileSmall=XuhtkUbs/zVqTC5ZZ0PF4g==, figureFileBig=2/2h1MvaiiApl+xGI6P4pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444398467183287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357437991711545, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Analysis of hydrolytic products released by rIDSGLUC9-25 using HPLC. A: HPLC profiles of hydrolyzed barley β-glucan. B: Reducing sugars pattern of hydrolyzed barley β-glucan. C: HPLC profiles of hydrolyzed icelandic moss lichenan. D: Reducing sugars pattern of hydrolyzed icelandic moss lichenan. Data points from the first 3 h of each hydrolytic reaction are shown separately to provide a clearer representation of this phase. Data represent the mean±SD (n=3). G1: Glucose; G2: Cellobiose; G3: Cellotriose; G4: Cellotetraose; G5: Cellopentaose., figureFileSmall=euzeTMoRi9jvl83M/WwSJQ==, figureFileBig=iOusnKEChAGbfZZTWIvngQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444398593012413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357437991711545, language=CN, label=图6, caption=HPLC分析rIDSGLUC9-25水解产物, figureFileSmall=euzeTMoRi9jvl83M/WwSJQ==, figureFileBig=iOusnKEChAGbfZZTWIvngQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444398706258625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357437991711545, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Substrate spectrum of rIDSGLUC9-25

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Substrates (10 mg/mL)Typical structuresSpecific activities (U/mg)
: Glucose;: Mannose;: Galactose;: Xylose;: Glucuronic acid; Me-O: Methyl. Data represent the mean±SD (n=4); NA: Not active.
Barley β-glucan443.55±24.48
Icelandic moss lichenan65.56±5.98
Konjac gum122.37±2.85
Tamarind xyloglucan159.16±7.73
Carboxyl methyl celluloseNA
Laminaria digitata laminarinNA
Ivory nut mannanNA
Beechwood xylanNA
), ArticleFig(id=1241444400203625159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357437991711545, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

rIDSGLUC9-25活性底物谱

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Substrates (10 mg/mL)Typical structuresSpecific activities (U/mg)
: Glucose;: Mannose;: Galactose;: Xylose;: Glucuronic acid; Me-O: Methyl. Data represent the mean±SD (n=4); NA: Not active.
Barley β-glucan443.55±24.48
Icelandic moss lichenan65.56±5.98
Konjac gum122.37±2.85
Tamarind xyloglucan159.16±7.73
Carboxyl methyl celluloseNA
Laminaria digitata laminarinNA
Ivory nut mannanNA
Beechwood xylanNA
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湖羊瘤胃微生物GH9家族葡聚糖酶基因IDSGLUC9-25的表达与功能表征
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徐晓锋 1, 2, 3 , 韩俊彦 1, 2, 3 , 丁钰杰 1 , 廖静 1 , 高德英 2 , 张骥 3 , 王佳堃 2 , 尹尚军 1 , 王谦 2, * , 徐洁皓 1, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(3): 755-766
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(3): 755-766
湖羊瘤胃微生物GH9家族葡聚糖酶基因IDSGLUC9-25的表达与功能表征
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徐晓锋1, 2, 3, 韩俊彦1, 2, 3, 丁钰杰1, 廖静1, 高德英2, 张骥3, 王佳堃2, 尹尚军1, 王谦2, * , 徐洁皓1, *
作者信息
  • 1 浙江万里学院生物与环境学院, 浙江 宁波 315100
  • 2 浙江大学动物科学学院 奶业科学研究所, 浙江 杭州 310058
  • 3 杭州云心质力生物科技有限公司, 浙江 杭州 310018
Heterologous expression and characterization of a GH9 glucanase geneIDSGLUC9-25 from rumen microbiota in Hu sheep
Xiaofeng XU1, 2, 3, Junyan HAN1, 2, 3, Yujie DING1, Jing LIAO1, Deying GAO2, Ji ZHANG3, Jiakun WANG2, Shangjun YIN1, Qian WANG2, * , Jiehao XU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
  • 2 Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
  • 3 Start Bioservices Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
出版时间: 2024-03-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230503
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【目的】葡聚糖酶是饲用添加剂的重要成分,本研究旨在从湖羊消化道微生物中挖掘性质优良的GH9家族葡聚糖酶基因,用于研发新型饲用酶制剂。【方法】从湖羊瘤胃微生物cDNA中扩增IDSGLUC9-25基因,在大肠杆菌中进行异源表达,对重组蛋白进行诱导表达和纯化,研究重组蛋白的酶学性质和底物水解模式。【结果】IDSGLUC9-25基因编码527个氨基酸,包含一个CelD_N结构和一个GH9家族催化结构域;重组蛋白rIDSGLUC9-25分子量约为62.7 kDa,最适反应温度和pH分别为40 ℃和6.0,在30–50 ℃下活性较高,在pH 4.0–8.0范围内能够保持较高的稳定性,经pH 4.0–8.0缓冲液处理1 h后残余活性均大于90%;底物谱分析表明,rIDSGLUC9-25能催化大麦β-葡聚糖、苔藓地衣多糖、魔芋胶和木葡聚糖,比活性分别为(443.55±24.48)、(65.56±5.98)、(122.37±2.85)和(159.16±7.73) U/mg;利用薄层色谱法(thin layer chromatography, TLC)和高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)分析水解产物发现,rIDSGLUC9-25降解大麦葡聚糖主要生成纤维三糖(占总还原糖64.19%±1.19%)和纤维四糖(占总还原糖26.24%±0.12%),催化地衣多糖主要生成纤维三糖(占总还原糖78.46%±0.89%)。【结论】本研究报道了一种来自密螺旋体属细菌的内切β-1,4-葡聚糖酶IDSGLUC9-25 (EC 3.2.1.4),能高效催化多糖底物生成纤维三糖和纤维四糖,为研发饲用酶制剂和制备低聚寡糖建立基础。

湖羊  /  消化道微生物  /  葡聚糖酶  /  IDSGLUC9-25  /  纤维寡糖

[Objective] Glucanases serve as one of the main components in feed additives. This study identified and characterized a novel GH9 glucanase gene derived from rumen microbiota in herbivores, aiming to provide a reference for the research and development of feed enzymes. [Methods] We obtained theIDSGLUC9-25 gene from the rumen fluid cDNA of Hu sheep and heterologously expressed it inEscherichia coli. The recombinant protein was induced for expression by isopropyl β-d-thiogalactopyranoside, purified, and then subjected to functional characterization. [Results] IDSGLUC9-25 encoded a protein consisting of 527 amino acid residues, which included a CelD_N domain and a GH9 family catalytic domain. The recombinant rIDSGLUC9-25 protein exhibited a molecular weight of approximately 62.7 kDa and the highest enzymatic activity at 40 ℃ and pH 6.0. The enzyme displayed robust catalytic activity within the temperature range of 30–50 ℃. After preincubation at pH 4.0–8.0 for 1 h, rIDSGLUC9-25 retained the relative activity over 90%. The substrate spectrum analysis revealed that rIDSGLUC9-25 exhibited specific activities against barley β-glucan, moss lichenan, konjac gum, and xyloglucan, with the activities of (443.55±24.48), (65.56±5.98), (122.37±2.85), and (159.16±7.73) U/mg, respectively. The hydrolysis assay showed that rIDSGLUC9-25 primarily catalyzed the hydrolysis of β-glucan into cellotriose (representing 64.19%±1.19% of total reducing sugars) and cellotetraose (representing 26.24%±0.12% of total reducing sugars). Additionally, the enzyme predominantly generated cellotriose from the hydrolysis of lichenan (representing 78.46%±0.89% of total reducing sugars). [Conclusion] This study characterizes IDSGLUC9-25, an endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) derived fromTreponema sp. The enzyme exhibited robust activity in the conversion of polysaccharides into cellotriose and cellotetraose, establishing a foundation for the development of feed enzymes and functional oligosaccharides preparation.

Hu sheep  /  gastrointestinal microbiota  /  glucanase  /  IDSGLUC9-25  /  cellooligosaccharides
徐晓锋, 韩俊彦, 丁钰杰, 廖静, 高德英, 张骥, 王佳堃, 尹尚军, 王谦, 徐洁皓. 湖羊瘤胃微生物GH9家族葡聚糖酶基因IDSGLUC9-25的表达与功能表征. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (3) : 755 -766 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230503
Xiaofeng XU, Junyan HAN, Yujie DING, Jing LIAO, Deying GAO, Ji ZHANG, Jiakun WANG, Shangjun YIN, Qian WANG, Jiehao XU. Heterologous expression and characterization of a GH9 glucanase geneIDSGLUC9-25 from rumen microbiota in Hu sheep[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (3) : 755 -766 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230503
纤维素、半纤维素等非淀粉多糖(non-starch polysaccharides, NSPs)是谷物饲料中重要的抗营养因子。其中β-葡聚糖是半纤维素的主要成分之一。饲粮中β-葡聚糖溶解后会变得黏稠,形成网状结构,使得消化道中的营养素被这种结构所“捕获”,从而减少了其与消化酶之间的接触,影响动物对饲料的消化吸收[1]。分析其化学成分可知,β-葡聚糖是由β-d-葡萄糖残基通过β-1,3和β-1,4糖苷键连接而成的线性多糖。饲料中添加β-葡聚糖酶等碳水化合物活性酶(carbohydrate-active enzymes, CAZymes)能有效消除NSPs的抗营养作用;同时,反应生成的纤维寡糖能促进乳酸菌、双歧杆菌等益生菌增殖,益生菌发酵后能释放大量短链脂肪酸降低肠道内pH值,从而抑制致病菌生长,维持机体肠道微生态稳定[2]
β-葡聚糖酶是指一类能够裂解葡聚糖的β-1,3、β-1,4或β-1,6糖苷键产生纤维寡糖和葡萄糖的糖苷水解酶(glycoside hydrolase, GH)[3],包括内切葡聚糖酶、外切葡聚糖酶和葡萄糖苷酶,主要分布在GH5、GH8、GH9、GH16和GH55等家族[4]。根据底物类型和水解方式差异[5],内切葡聚糖酶可进一步分为内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶(endo-β-1,4-glucanase, EC 3.2.1.4)、内切-β-1,3(4)-葡聚糖酶[endo-β-1,3(4)-glucanase, EC 3.2.1.6]、内切-β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(endo-β-1,3-glucanase, EC 3.2.1.39)、内切-β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶/地衣多糖酶(endo-β-1,3-1,4-glucanase/lichenase, EC 3.2.1.73)和木葡聚糖酶(xyloglucanase, EC 3.2.1.151)等。
牛、羊、骆驼等反刍动物的消化道被认为含有丰富的CAZymes[6-7]。然而由于瘤胃环境严格厌氧且存在多种消化液等复杂条件,其中绝大多数瘤胃微生物仍难以纯培养。随着深度测序和多组学技术的快速发展,基于目标CAZymes的基因序列来筛选获得新型酶制剂已取得较大进展[8-10]。本课题组前期采用宏基因组学、宏转录组学等多组学分析技术获取了大量来自湖羊瘤胃微生物的CAZymes基因序列,其中238万多个单基因(unigenes)中2.65%为糖苷水解酶,与纤维素降解相关的功能基因主要分布于GH3、GH5和GH9家族[11]。目前,有关湖羊消化道微生物来源的葡聚糖酶已开展一系列功能表征,其中大部分为GH5家族葡聚糖酶[12-13]。不同于GH5家族的“保留型(retaining)”催化机制,GH9家族葡聚糖酶采用“反转型(inverting)”方式催化多聚糖底物[14],表征GH9家族功能基因有望获得性质优良的葡聚糖酶。因此,本研究从湖羊瘤胃微生物中克隆获得一个GH9家族葡聚糖酶基因IDSGLUC9-25,并在大肠杆菌中进行异源表达,研究重组蛋白的酶学性质和底物水解模式。
湖羊瘤胃微生物总cDNA[11]、表达质粒pET-28a(+)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) BL21(DE3),均为本实验室保存;多糖和纤维寡糖购自Megazyme公司;SuperPfx DNA聚合酶购自康为世纪生物科技(北京)有限公司;PCR产物纯化试剂盒、胶回收试剂盒和质粒提取试剂盒购自天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;蛋白Marker、6×His Tagged Ni-NTA agarose、卡那霉素(kanamycin, Kan)和异丙基-β-d-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;ClonExpress® Ⅱ One step Cloning Kit购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司。
利用IDSGLUC9-25基因特异性引物对(下划线为表达载体同源臂序列) F (5′-ATGGGTCGCGGATCCGAATTCA-TGAAAGAGTCAGAAATTTT-3′)和R(5′-GTGGTGGTGGTGGTGCTCGAGTCTTAC-GCGCGCAAGCAGAT-3′),用SuperPfx DNA聚合酶以湖羊瘤胃微生物总cDNA为模板进行扩增。PCR产物纯化与经EcoR Ⅰ和Xho Ⅰ双酶切的pET-28a(+)混合后,使用ClonExpress® Ⅱ One step Cloning Kit进行同源重组,热激转化E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞并涂布于含50 μg/mL Kan的LB平板,37 ℃培养16–20 h[12-13]。使用T7引物进行菌落PCR扩增,验证完成后提取阳性质粒送生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司测序。
利用Expasy Compute pI/Mw tool (https://web.expasy.org/compute_pi/)预测蛋白等电点与理论分子量,利用SignalP-6.0 (https://services.healthtech.dtu.dk/services/SignalP-6.0/)和InterPro (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/)预测蛋白信号肽和功能结构域,利用SWISS-MODEL对蛋白质三级结构进行同源建模(https://swissmodel.expasy.org/interactive),利用MEGA 7.0工具进行系统进化树构建。
重组工程菌BL21(DE3)/pET28a/IDSGLUC9-25以1%的接种量加至500 mL LB培养基中,37 ℃、180 r/min培养OD600达到0.6–1.0,加入250 μL 1 mol/L IPTG并置于16 ℃、100 r/min诱导16 h。4 ℃、5 000×g离心10 min以收集菌体,用50 mL 1×PBS缓冲液重悬洗涤菌体后以相同条件再次收集菌体,弃去上清。菌体中加入50 mL无菌1×PBS缓冲液(其中含有1 mL Triton X-100)充分重悬,使用超声破碎仪(苏州珀西瓦尔实验设备有限公司)以15%功率,在运行1.5 s/暂停6 s条件下破碎15 min获得粗酶液。
将亲和Ni-NTA agarose填料以1:50 (体积比)与上述粗酶液混合,加入1 mL 1 mol/L咪唑,置于冰上并以100 r/min振荡孵育1 h。孵育完成后将粗酶液缓慢倒入亲和层析柱中并使用磷酸缓冲液(分别含20、50、250 mmol/L咪唑)梯度洗脱目标蛋白,并使用10 kDa Millipore Amicon® Ultra超滤柱去除目标蛋白中的残余咪唑并浓缩蛋白以获得纯化蛋白。纯化蛋白用于SDS-PAGE和底物催化分析。
采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸(3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, DNS)法测定葡聚糖酶活性[15]。采用Bradford法测定蛋白浓度[16]。1个酶活力单位(U)定义为每分钟(min)产生1 μmol还原糖(以葡萄糖计)所需的酶蛋白量。分别配制10 mg/mL的大麦β-葡聚糖、苔藓地衣多糖、罗望子木葡聚糖、魔芋胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、海带多糖、象牙果甘露聚糖和桦木木聚糖底物,取20 μL酶液(约0.4 μg蛋白)与50 μL上述底物混合,在最适条件下反应15 min后测定还原糖生成量。以灭活的酶进行底物催化反应作为对照组,试验组和对照组分别设置4个重复(n=4)。
将20 μL (约1 μg蛋白,下同)酶液与50 μL 0.5%葡聚糖底物充分混合,分别在20–80 ℃下反应15 min,反应结束后加入70 μL DNS溶液于95 ℃下孵育10 min,待冷却至室温后使用酶标仪测定OD540。在对照组加入20 μL失活酶液,其余条件保持一致,设置4组平行试验。以最高活性时的温度作为100%,计算不同温度下的相对活性。
将20 μL酶液与50 μL分别配制在pH 2.2–10.0缓冲液(柠檬酸/磷酸缓冲液pH 2.2–8.0;Tris-HCl缓冲液pH 8.0–9.0;碳酸钠/碳酸氢钠缓冲液pH 9.0–10.0)的0.5%葡聚糖底物充分混合,在最适温度下反应15 min测定催化活性。以最高活性时的pH作为100%计算不同pH下的相对活性。
将酶液在分别置于30、40、50 ℃下各保温5、10、15、20、30和60 min后,将20 μL酶液与50 μL最适pH 0.5%葡聚糖底物充分混合后,在最适温度下反应15 min,测定催化活性。以未经热处理的酶活性为100%,计算各温度下的残余活性。
将酶液以1:1的比例与pH值为2.2–10.0缓冲液混合,冰上放置60 min后,将20 μL酶液与50 μL最适pH 0.5%葡聚糖底物充分混合后,在最适温度下反应15 min,测定催化活性。以未经pH缓冲液处理的酶活性为100%,计算各pH下的残余活性。
以大麦β-葡聚糖、苔藓地衣多糖为底物,在5 mL底物中分别加入2 mL酶液(含有16.8 μg蛋白)。反应在37 ℃下进行,分别在0、5、10、20、30 min和1、3、6、12、24、48 h间隔取样600 μL于离心管中,95 ℃处理15 min终止反应。4 ℃、10 000×g离心取上清液用于底物水解分析,设置3组平行试验。
采用薄层色谱法(thin layer chromatography, TLC)初步分析IDSGLUC9-25水解产物,取0.7 μL反应产物与0.5 mg/mL标准品混合物[葡萄糖(G1)、纤维二糖(G2)、纤维三糖(G3)、纤维四糖(G4)、纤维五糖(G5)及纤维六糖(G6)]点于玻璃薄层板(glass TLC plate, Merck)上,反应产物重复上样12次,标准品混合物重复上样6次。流动相为正丁醇: 乙酸: 水(5:2:3,体积比),充分展开后取出,置于通风橱待其完全干燥后均匀喷上显色液(硫酸: 乙醇=5:95,体积比),待其干燥后105 ℃显色10 min,拍照记录。
进一步采用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)分析水解产物。利用Asahipak NH2P-50 4E色谱柱(Shodex公司)和LC-1200高效液相色谱仪(Agilent公司),流动相为65%乙腈,柱温40 ℃,流速1.0 mL/min,采用RID-20A示差折光检测器分析底物水解样品。
从湖羊瘤胃微生物cDNA中扩增得到一个葡聚糖酶基因IDSGLUC9-25 (GenBank登录号:MT832759.1),测序结果与目标序列一致。其开放阅读框长度为1 584 bp,编码527个氨基酸(amino acid, aa),理论分子量为58.2 kDa。序列分析显示,IDSGLUC9-25包含一个CelD_N结构域(1−86 aa)和一个GH9家族催化结构域(96−523 aa),未发现信号肽序列。同源建模显示,IDSGLUC9-25的催化结构域呈现(α/α)6桶状结构(图1),属于GH9家族的典型特征[17]。序列比对表明,IDSGLUC9-25与来自密螺旋体属(Treponema sp.) GH9蛋白(GenBank登录号:MBQ1795108.1)序列相似度最高(81.63%),推测IDSGLUC9-25可能来自密螺旋体属细菌。系统发育进化树表明(图2),IDSGLUC9-25被归入GH9家族,与GH5家族葡聚糖酶稍远,IDSGLUC9-25与MBQ1795108.1、ABB51609.1和ACY24809.1等GH9家族蛋白聚成一簇,相似性分别为81.63%、41.37%和41.23%。其中,MBQ1795108.1的功能未被报道,ABB51609.1和ACY24809.1均为内切β-1,4-葡聚糖酶[18-19],提示IDSGLUC9-25的活性可能与这2个酶相似。
SDS-PAGE结果显示,工程菌BL21/pET28a/IDSGLUC9-25表达的粗蛋白经亲和层析分析,获得了分子量约为62.7 kDa的rIDSGLUC9-25重组蛋白(图3),这与其理论分子量(约58.2 kDa)和表达载体序列总和(约4.5 kDa)相一致。活性底物谱分析显示,rIDSGLUC9-25能催化大麦β-葡聚糖、苔藓地衣多糖、魔芋胶和罗望子木葡聚糖,其中对大麦β-葡聚糖的催化活性最高,达(443.55±24.48) U/mg (表1)。然而,该蛋白对羧甲基纤维素钠、海带多糖、象牙果甘露聚糖和桦木木聚糖底物无催化活性。由此可见,rIDSGLUC9-25对主链为Glcβ1→3Glc和Glc1β→4Glc大麦β-葡聚糖、苔藓地衣多糖、木葡聚糖和魔芋胶具有较高的催化活性,但对Glcβ1→3Glc结构的海带多糖没有活性。此外,rIDSGLUC9-25对Manβ1→4Man或Xylβ1→4Xyl组成的甘露聚糖或木聚糖也没有降解作用,提示rIDSGLUC9-25是一种特异性催化多聚糖主链的Glcβ1→4Glc糖苷键的糖苷水解酶,即葡聚糖酶。
酶学性质分析显示,rIDSGLUC9-25的最适反应温度为40 ℃,在30–50 ℃范围内具有较高的催化活性(>70%),但当温度升高至60 ℃时,其催化活性迅速丧失(图4A)。热稳定性分析显示,rIDSGLUC9-25在40 ℃以下较为稳定,40 ℃处理1 h后,剩余62.58%±1.10%的残余活性,然而在50 ℃下处理10 min后酶活完全消失(图4B)。rIDSGLUC9-25的最适反应pH为6.0,在pH 5.0–6.0范围内催化活性较高(>80%) (图4C)。pH稳定性结果显示,rIDSGLUC9-25在pH 4.0–8.0范围内能够保持较高的稳定性,处理1 h后残余活性均能保持在90%以上(图4D)。以上结果表明,rIDSGLUC9-25是一种弱酸性中温酶。
TLC结果表明,反应初期rIDSGLUC9-25降解大麦葡聚糖生成聚合度较高的水解产物,反应1 h后产物中检测到少量纤维三糖(G3)和纤维四糖(G4);随着反应继续进行,rIDSGLUC9-25进一步催化聚合度较高的寡糖生成小分子产物,且产物中G3和G4大量累积(图5A)。rIDSGLUC9-25水解苔藓地衣多糖的过程与大麦葡聚糖相类似,区别在于反应终产物主要为G3 (图5B)。以木葡聚糖和魔芋胶为底物时,rIDSGLUC9-25处理30 min后几乎检测不到降解产物;反应1–48 h后,高聚合度寡糖含量持续积累,反应终产物主要为聚合度≥6的寡糖(图5C5D)。
进一步利用HPLC分析底物水解产物得知,rIDSGLUC9-25快速从葡聚糖中释放G3和G4,同时生成微量纤维五糖(G5)、纤维二糖(G2)和葡萄糖(G);催化24 h后达到反应平衡点,G3和G4的产量分别为(8.72±0.08) mmol/L和(3.57± 0.03) mmol/L,占总还原糖的64.19%±1.19%和26.24%±0.12% (图6A6B)。rIDSGLUC9-25催化地衣多糖主要生成G3,同时生成微量的G4、G2和G;其中,G3在反应24 h后达到平衡值,含量为(3.50±0.14) mmol/L,占总还原糖的78.46%±0.89%,然而G4在反应3 h后即达到平衡,含量为(0.50±0.09) mmol/L,占总还原糖的15.50%±0.67%,之后直至反应结束其在体系中的含量趋于稳定(图6C6D)。
葡聚糖酶能够高效水解葡聚糖类NSPs,在饲料、食品和纺织工业等领域具有重要应用价值。葡聚糖酶广泛存在各种微生物中,目前已从芽孢杆菌属细菌分离出较多编码β-葡聚糖酶基因,如枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、地衣芽孢杆菌(B.licheniformis)、高地芽孢杆菌(B.altitudinis)和解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens)等[20-24]。牛、羊等草食动物采食植物性饲料生产优质的肉与奶制品,主要得益于其消化道微生物具有高效的纤维降解与转化能力。基于多组学分析和筛选技术的快速发展,研究人员从牛[25-26]、羊[14-15]等反刍动物消化道微生物中挖掘得到多个GH5葡聚糖酶。本研究从湖羊瘤胃微生物中筛选获得一个葡聚糖酶基因IDSGLUC9-25,该蛋白序列与来自密螺旋体属(Treponema sp.) GH9蛋白(WP_074929933.1)序列相似度最高,亲缘关系较近(图2),推测IDSGLUC9-25可能来自密螺旋体属细菌。密螺旋体属是一个涉及木质纤维素降解的菌属[27],但目前尚未有密螺旋体属来源的内切葡聚糖酶的相关报道。本研究为密螺旋体属来源葡聚糖酶的性质研究提供参考。
重组葡聚糖酶rIDSGLUC9-25在中温(30–50 ℃)、弱酸性(pH 5.0–6.0)条件下催化活性较高(图4)。另有报道显示,多个消化道来源的CAZymes均表现出在中温、弱酸性中发挥高效催化作用,例如Cel-1[25]、Cel5A-h38、Cel5A-h49[12]、CMC-1[26]、IDSGLUC5-26及IDSGLUC5-37[13]等葡聚糖酶和ORF6[28]、XYN-LXY[29]等木聚糖酶。这可能是微生物及其活性酶与反刍动物消化道的温度(38–41 ℃)和pH (pH 5.0–7.5)环境相适应的结果。然而,工业生产中某些特定工艺对目标酶蛋白的热稳定性有较高要求,例如饲料制粒环节要求酶分子能耐受80–110 ℃热处理,保持较高残余催化活性。因此,后续研究需要进一步采用定点突变[30]、定向进化[31]或分子环化[32]等酶工程手段提升rIDSGLUC9-25的热稳定性。
本研究使用的葡聚糖底物主链为纤维三糖(Glcβ1→3Glcβ1→4Glcβ1→4Glcβ1→3Glc)或纤维四糖(Glcβ1→3Glcβ1→4Glcβ1→4Glcβ1→4Glcβ1→ 3Glc)经Glcβ1→3Glc连接而成,而地衣多糖主链为纤维三糖经Glcβ1→3Glc连接而成。rIDSGLUC9-25水解这2个底物的产物主要生成G3和G4 (图5图6),这与Cel5A-h38[12]和IDSGLUC5-37[13]的产物特征相一致,高度符合内切-β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶(EC 3.2.1.73)的水解模式。然而,本研究中的rIDSGLUC9-25却对主链为Glcβ1→4Glc或Manβ1→4Man连接的木葡聚糖和魔芋胶表现出较高催化作用(表1图5),提示rIDSGLUC9-25仍属于典型的内切葡聚糖酶(EC 3.2.1.4)。多数研究表明,内切葡聚糖酶水解底物生成聚合度为2−5的纤维寡糖[12-13,33-34],这些纤维寡糖能有效促进双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium sp.)、乳杆菌(Lactobacillus sp.)等益生菌增殖[35-36]。本研究中的rIDSGLUC9-25能水解葡聚糖和地衣多糖生成G3,分别占总还原糖的64.19%±1.19%和78.46%±0.89%,显著高于Cel5A-h49[12]、IDSGLUC5-37[13]等已报道的葡聚糖酶。同时,反应生成的G3持续稳定存在于反应体系中,有利于对其开展进一步的分离纯化。
综上所述,本研究从湖羊密螺旋体属细菌中获得了一个新型葡聚糖酶基因IDSGLUC9-25并在大肠杆菌中进行异源表达。重组蛋白rIDSGLU9-25的最适反应温度和pH分别为40 ℃和pH 6.0,在pH 4.0–8.0内较为稳定。该酶能高效催化大麦β-葡聚糖生成纤维三糖和纤维四糖,催化地衣多糖生成纤维三糖,同时能催化木葡聚糖和魔芋胶生成聚合度较高的纤维寡糖,是一种内切β-1,4-葡聚糖酶(EC 3.2.1.4),可用于研发饲用酶制剂和功能性寡糖制备。
  • 浙江省研发攻关计划(2022C02043)
  • 浙江省“生物工程”一流学科自设课题(ZS2023008)
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230503
  • 接收时间:2023-07-31
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-03-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-31
  • 录用日期:2023-10-13
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Research and Development Research Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C02043)
浙江省研发攻关计划(2022C02043)
Zhejiang Provincial Top Discipline of Biological Engineering(ZS2023008)
浙江省“生物工程”一流学科自设课题(ZS2023008)
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    1 浙江万里学院生物与环境学院, 浙江 宁波 315100
    2 浙江大学动物科学学院 奶业科学研究所, 浙江 杭州 310058
    3 杭州云心质力生物科技有限公司, 浙江 杭州 310018

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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