Article(id=1241357428198002953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241357427292033288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230486, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1689782400000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1701792000000, acceptedDateStr=2023-12-06, onlineDate=1773892274188, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1709481600000, pubDateStr=2024-03-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773892274188, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773892274188, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892274188, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241357427292033288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='3', pageStart='651', pageEnd='967', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773892273972, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892616576, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241358864344478487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241357427292033288, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241358864344478488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241357427292033288, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=720, endPage=732, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241357430072856851, articleId=1241357428198002953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=D1133L protein of African swine fever virus promotes virus replication in pig macrophages by increasing vimentin phosphorylation in the host, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

African swine fever (ASF) caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a severe infectious disease affecting both domestic pigs and wild boar. ASFV has a large genome, and the non-structural protein pD1133L is predicted to be one of the six helicases the genome encodes. We used the IP-MASS technology to screen the host proteins interacting with pD1133L and found that vimentin (VIM) is one of the host proteins that interacted with pD1133L. However, it remains unclear how the VIM affects ASFV replication. [Objective] To investigate the mutual regulation between ASFV and VIM and disclose the mechanism by which VIM enhances ASFV replication. [Methods] We employed the Co-IP assay to examine the interaction between pD1133L and VIM. Furthermore, we examined the effects of VIM on ASFV replication by designing and synthetizing VIM siRNAs and overexpressing VIM. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were employed to determine the impact of ASFV on the protein and mRNA levels of VIM. Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were used to explore the changes in the phosphorylation level and subcellular localization of VIM in macrophages infected with ASFV. The CCK-8 kit was used to determine the optimal concentration of KN-93, a VIM phosphorylation inhibitor, for treatment. The effects of KN-93 on the phosphorylation and subcellular localization of VIM and the replication of ASFV were examined by Western blotting and IFA. [Results] The overexpression of VIM promoted the replication of ASFV, while the knockdown of VIM inhibited ASFV replication. In addition, ASFV infection down-regulated both the protein and mRNA levels of VIM in a time-dependent manner. After ASFV infection, VIM was modified by phosphorylation and changed in subcellular localization, thereby promoting ASFV replication. [Conclusion] This study confirms the interaction between ASFV and the host protein VIM. After ASFV infection, pD1133L leads to the rearrangement of the subcellular localization of VIM towards paranuclear aggregation, which promotes ASFV replication.

, correspAuthors=Tao LE, Keshan ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*LE Tao, E-mail:;
ZHANG Keshan, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lingling CHEN, Ting ZHANG, Yu HAO, Jinke YANG, Xijuan SHI, Dajun ZHANG, Xing YANG, Dengshuai ZHAO, Wenqian YAN, Xintian BIE, Guohui CHEN, Haixue ZHENG, Tao LE, Keshan ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241357431469560137, articleId=1241357428198002953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=非洲猪瘟病毒D1133L蛋白增加宿主波形蛋白磷酸化而促进病毒在猪巨噬细胞中的复制, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

非洲猪瘟(African swine fever, ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus, ASFV)感染引起家猪和野猪的一种高死亡率的传染性疾病。ASFV具有庞大的基因组,其中非结构蛋白pD1133L被预测为其编码的6个解旋酶之一。本实验室应用免疫沉淀-质谱联用(immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, IP-MASS)技术筛选与pD1133L互作的宿主细胞蛋白,发现细胞波形蛋白(vimentin, VIM)为pD1133L互作的宿主蛋白之一,但尚不清楚宿主蛋白VIM对ASFV复制的影响。【目的】探究ASFV与VIM的相互调控作用,揭示VIM促进ASFV复制的机制。【方法】通过免疫共沉淀(co-immunoprecipitation, Co-IP)试验验证pD1133L与VIM存在互作关系;外源过表达VIM蛋白以及设计并合成VIM的siRNA探究VIM对ASFV复制的影响;利用Western blotting以及荧光定量PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qPCR)方法检测ASFV对VIM蛋白水平以及转录水平的影响;通过Western blotting、间接免疫荧光试验(immunofluorescence assay, IFA)探究巨噬细胞感染ASFV后VIM磷酸化水平变化以及亚细胞定位变化情况;CCK-8试剂盒检测VIM磷酸化抑制剂KN-93处理的最佳浓度,并利用Western blotting以及IFA检测KN-93对VIM磷酸化、亚细胞定位以及对ASFV复制影响。【结果】VIM过表达促进ASFV复制,敲低VIM的表达则抑制ASFV复制;ASFV感染抑制VIM蛋白水平以及转录水平表达,且呈时间依赖性;ASFV感染后VIM发生磷酸化修饰且发生亚细胞定位改变,从而促进ASFV复制。【结论】证实了ASFV与宿主蛋白VIM之间的相互调控作用;初步确定ASFV感染后VIM受到ASFV pD1133L调控,亚细胞定位发生重排向核周聚集从而促进ASFV复制的机制。

, correspAuthors=乐涛, 张克山, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=3oAFnoJnXufMEU9hudMmow==, magXml=Xl0g0cRjl9b94CT7wW52Ag==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=MpOQZ1eI37o1ovNL1NW+rw==, pdfFileSize=923756, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=cbbGDGiDxIoAqVxe7k1wWQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=mwI2Lrba+gc5QxKR84vsHA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=陈玲玲, 张婷, 郝雨, 杨金柯, 史喜绢, 张大俊, 杨行, 赵登率, 闫文倩, 别鑫恬, 陈国辉, 郑海学, 乐涛, 张克山)}, authors=[Author(id=1241444373599146574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241444373704004180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, authorId=1241444373599146574, language=EN, stringName=Lingling CHEN, firstName=Lingling, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241444373502677577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, companyId=1241444373464928837, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所/兰州大学动物医学与生物安全学院 动物疫病防控全国重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000)])]), Author(id=1241444374396064359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241444374484144748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, 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rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO SS, XU QP, CUI YQ, YAO S, JIN SH, ZHANG Q, WEN ZY, RUAN HH, LIANG X, CHAO YJ, GONG ST, SANSONETTI P, WEI K, TANG H, JIU YM.Salmonella effector SopB reorganizes cytoskeletal vimentin to maintain replication vacuoles for efficient infection[J].Nature Communications,2023,14:478., articleTitle=Salmonella effector SopB reorganizes cytoskeletal vimentin to maintain replication vacuoles for efficient infection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241444405094175039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=88, issue=4, pageStart=1897, pageEnd=1913, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of Virology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TEO CSH, CHU JJH.Cellular vimentin regulates construction of dengue virus replication complexes through 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companyId=1241444373464928837, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241444373502677577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, companyId=1241444373464928837, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所/兰州大学动物医学与生物安全学院 动物疫病防控全国重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241444386937033671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The interaction between VIM and ASFV pD1133L was confirmed through Co-IP experiments., figureFileSmall=rbaSnZ2YORMGYENBMSDstw==, figureFileBig=5NY4sfeo2Ea/u+YpKjjcbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444387041891276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=CN, label=图1, caption=VIM与ASFV pD1133L存在相互作用, figureFileSmall=rbaSnZ2YORMGYENBMSDstw==, figureFileBig=5NY4sfeo2Ea/u+YpKjjcbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444387197080540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=VIM promotes ASFV replicationin vitro. A and B: qPCR to detect the effect of Myc-VIM on ASFVp30 andp72 transcriptional levels. C: Effect of Myc-VIM on ASFV viral genome copies. *:P<0.05., figureFileSmall=MNB33SmiQQTxO9hhz8hyMw==, figureFileBig=ayu2HS+J3BjERcBdkv8vGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444387318715363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=CN, label=图2, caption=VIM促进ASFV体外复制, figureFileSmall=MNB33SmiQQTxO9hhz8hyMw==, figureFileBig=ayu2HS+J3BjERcBdkv8vGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444387452933095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Knock down of VIM inhibits ASFV replicationin vitro. A: Down-regulation of intracellular VIM expression at the transcriptional level analyzed by siRNA assay. B: Knockdown of VIM affects its transcriptional levels. C: Effect of knock down VIM on ASFVp30 transcriptional levels. D: Effect of knock down VIM on ASFV replication. *: Difference (P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=/szlB0KIPZ212XXxaeW8YA==, figureFileBig=WV5K3mS5HBniPrRauUUW4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444387582956529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=CN, label=图3, caption=敲低VIM抑制ASFV体外复制, figureFileSmall=/szlB0KIPZ212XXxaeW8YA==, figureFileBig=WV5K3mS5HBniPrRauUUW4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444387738145787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=ASFV infection inhibits VIM expression. A and B: In PAMs, ASFV inhibited intracellular VIM expression in a time-dependent manner at the protein level and transcriptional level. C and D: In BMDMs, ASFV inhibited intracellular VIM expression in a time-dependent manner at the protein level and transcriptional level. ns: No difference; *: Difference (P<0.05); **: Significant difference (P<0.01); ***: Significant difference (P<0.001)., figureFileSmall=WkjrH/7uiZ/Wh29XZ1vCuA==, figureFileBig=oIA5fMNz0645OZrEoibOeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444387859779585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=CN, label=图4, caption=ASFV感染抑制VIM表达, figureFileSmall=WkjrH/7uiZ/Wh29XZ1vCuA==, figureFileBig=oIA5fMNz0645OZrEoibOeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444387968831499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Enhanced phosphorylation of VIM and rearrangement of subcellular localization during ASFV infection. A: Western blotting assay verified that VIM was phosphorylated during ASFV infection. B: IFA assay verified that the subcellular localization of VIM was rearranged and aggregated to the perinuclear during ASFV infection. C and D: IFA verified that the rearranging of VIM was associated with pD1133L. ***: Significant difference (P<0.001)., figureFileSmall=llVv93kw3in99GKlf2L2Lg==, figureFileBig=zBHW0wKye1Bz0PYHMePp/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444388094660624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=CN, label=图5, caption=ASFV感染期间VIM水平磷酸化增强且亚细胞定位发生重排, figureFileSmall=llVv93kw3in99GKlf2L2Lg==, figureFileBig=zBHW0wKye1Bz0PYHMePp/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444388228878359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Inhibition of ASFV replication by VIM phosphorylation inhibitor KN-93. A: Effects on the viability of BMDMs after treatment with different doses of KN-93. B: Expression of VIM, p72, and pD1133L protein levels after treatment with 5 μmol/L KN-93. C: Effects of KN-93 on ASFV virus titer. D: Effects of KN-93 on the subcellular localization of VIM. ns: No difference; *:P<0.05; **:P<0.01., figureFileSmall=RZpAYTVD6htE6QA3+I06ww==, figureFileBig=7+BlCaq+jjcXDKVk3mxDqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444388337930270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=CN, label=图6, caption=VIM磷酸化抑制剂KN-93抑制ASFV复制, figureFileSmall=RZpAYTVD6htE6QA3+I06ww==, figureFileBig=7+BlCaq+jjcXDKVk3mxDqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444388438593573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

siRNAs against theVIM gene

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Name of siRNAsPrimers (5′→3′)
siRNA-1475-VIMSense: CCAUCAACACCGAGUUCAATT
Antisense: UUGAACUCGGUGUUGAUGGTT
siRNA-2415-VIMSense: GGAGAAGAGAGCAGGAUUUTT
Antisense: AAAUCCUGCUCUCUUCUCCTT
siRNA-2545-VIMSense: CCAGAGAUGGACAGGUUAUTT
Antisense: AUAACCUGUCCAUCUCUGGTT
), ArticleFig(id=1241444388581199915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

靶向VIM的siRNA序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Name of siRNAsPrimers (5′→3′)
siRNA-1475-VIMSense: CCAUCAACACCGAGUUCAATT
Antisense: UUGAACUCGGUGUUGAUGGTT
siRNA-2415-VIMSense: GGAGAAGAGAGCAGGAUUUTT
Antisense: AAAUCCUGCUCUCUUCUCCTT
siRNA-2545-VIMSense: CCAGAGAUGGACAGGUUAUTT
Antisense: AUAACCUGUCCAUCUCUGGTT
), ArticleFig(id=1241444388723806260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The primers and sequences used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenesPrimers (5′→3′)
p30Forward: GATCGGTGTGCCTGCCTTC
Reverse: CGTTGCTGCGACCCTTGT
p72Forward: ATGAAATGATGCCATCCCATTG
Reverse: CATTCAAGTGCTGTCTGACATG
D1133LForward: GATTCGCGATGAGCACACAC
Reverse: CACAATCACCTTGGACCCGA
VIMForward: CATCAACACCGAGTTCAAGAAC
Reverse: CTCGGCTAGCAGAATCTTGTTC
GAPDHForward: ACATGGCCTCCAAGGAGTAAGA
Reverse: GATCGAGTTGGGGCTGTGACT
), ArticleFig(id=1241444388837052476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

本研究所用引物及序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenesPrimers (5′→3′)
p30Forward: GATCGGTGTGCCTGCCTTC
Reverse: CGTTGCTGCGACCCTTGT
p72Forward: ATGAAATGATGCCATCCCATTG
Reverse: CATTCAAGTGCTGTCTGACATG
D1133LForward: GATTCGCGATGAGCACACAC
Reverse: CACAATCACCTTGGACCCGA
VIMForward: CATCAACACCGAGTTCAAGAAC
Reverse: CTCGGCTAGCAGAATCTTGTTC
GAPDHForward: ACATGGCCTCCAAGGAGTAAGA
Reverse: GATCGAGTTGGGGCTGTGACT
), ArticleFig(id=1241444388983853122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Primers for qPCR targeting the ASFVp72 gene

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimers (5′→3′)
p72Forward: GATACCACAAGATCAGCCGT
Reverse: CTGCTCATGGTATCAATCTTATCGA
TaqMan probeCCACGGGAGGAATACCAACCCAGTG
), ArticleFig(id=1241444389092905034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241357428198002953, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ASFVp72绝对定量引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimers (5′→3′)
p72Forward: GATACCACAAGATCAGCCGT
Reverse: CTGCTCATGGTATCAATCTTATCGA
TaqMan probeCCACGGGAGGAATACCAACCCAGTG
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非洲猪瘟病毒D1133L蛋白增加宿主波形蛋白磷酸化而促进病毒在猪巨噬细胞中的复制
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陈玲玲 1, 2 , 张婷 2 , 郝雨 2 , 杨金柯 2 , 史喜绢 2 , 张大俊 2 , 杨行 2 , 赵登率 2 , 闫文倩 2 , 别鑫恬 2 , 陈国辉 2 , 郑海学 2 , 乐涛 1, * , 张克山 2, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(3): 720-732
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(3): 720-732
非洲猪瘟病毒D1133L蛋白增加宿主波形蛋白磷酸化而促进病毒在猪巨噬细胞中的复制
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陈玲玲1, 2, 张婷2, 郝雨2, 杨金柯2, 史喜绢2, 张大俊2, 杨行2, 赵登率2, 闫文倩2, 别鑫恬2, 陈国辉2, 郑海学2, 乐涛1, * , 张克山2, *
作者信息
  • 1 重庆师范大学生命科学学院, 重庆 401331
  • 2 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所/兰州大学动物医学与生物安全学院 动物疫病防控全国重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000
D1133L protein of African swine fever virus promotes virus replication in pig macrophages by increasing vimentin phosphorylation in the host
Lingling CHEN1, 2, Ting ZHANG2, Yu HAO2, Jinke YANG2, Xijuan SHI2, Dajun ZHANG2, Xing YANG2, Dengshuai ZHAO2, Wenqian YAN2, Xintian BIE2, Guohui CHEN2, Haixue ZHENG2, Tao LE1, * , Keshan ZHANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
出版时间: 2024-03-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230486
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非洲猪瘟(African swine fever, ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus, ASFV)感染引起家猪和野猪的一种高死亡率的传染性疾病。ASFV具有庞大的基因组,其中非结构蛋白pD1133L被预测为其编码的6个解旋酶之一。本实验室应用免疫沉淀-质谱联用(immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, IP-MASS)技术筛选与pD1133L互作的宿主细胞蛋白,发现细胞波形蛋白(vimentin, VIM)为pD1133L互作的宿主蛋白之一,但尚不清楚宿主蛋白VIM对ASFV复制的影响。【目的】探究ASFV与VIM的相互调控作用,揭示VIM促进ASFV复制的机制。【方法】通过免疫共沉淀(co-immunoprecipitation, Co-IP)试验验证pD1133L与VIM存在互作关系;外源过表达VIM蛋白以及设计并合成VIM的siRNA探究VIM对ASFV复制的影响;利用Western blotting以及荧光定量PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qPCR)方法检测ASFV对VIM蛋白水平以及转录水平的影响;通过Western blotting、间接免疫荧光试验(immunofluorescence assay, IFA)探究巨噬细胞感染ASFV后VIM磷酸化水平变化以及亚细胞定位变化情况;CCK-8试剂盒检测VIM磷酸化抑制剂KN-93处理的最佳浓度,并利用Western blotting以及IFA检测KN-93对VIM磷酸化、亚细胞定位以及对ASFV复制影响。【结果】VIM过表达促进ASFV复制,敲低VIM的表达则抑制ASFV复制;ASFV感染抑制VIM蛋白水平以及转录水平表达,且呈时间依赖性;ASFV感染后VIM发生磷酸化修饰且发生亚细胞定位改变,从而促进ASFV复制。【结论】证实了ASFV与宿主蛋白VIM之间的相互调控作用;初步确定ASFV感染后VIM受到ASFV pD1133L调控,亚细胞定位发生重排向核周聚集从而促进ASFV复制的机制。

非洲猪瘟病毒  /  D1133L蛋白  /  波形蛋白  /  蛋白互作  /  磷酸化

African swine fever (ASF) caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a severe infectious disease affecting both domestic pigs and wild boar. ASFV has a large genome, and the non-structural protein pD1133L is predicted to be one of the six helicases the genome encodes. We used the IP-MASS technology to screen the host proteins interacting with pD1133L and found that vimentin (VIM) is one of the host proteins that interacted with pD1133L. However, it remains unclear how the VIM affects ASFV replication. [Objective] To investigate the mutual regulation between ASFV and VIM and disclose the mechanism by which VIM enhances ASFV replication. [Methods] We employed the Co-IP assay to examine the interaction between pD1133L and VIM. Furthermore, we examined the effects of VIM on ASFV replication by designing and synthetizing VIM siRNAs and overexpressing VIM. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were employed to determine the impact of ASFV on the protein and mRNA levels of VIM. Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were used to explore the changes in the phosphorylation level and subcellular localization of VIM in macrophages infected with ASFV. The CCK-8 kit was used to determine the optimal concentration of KN-93, a VIM phosphorylation inhibitor, for treatment. The effects of KN-93 on the phosphorylation and subcellular localization of VIM and the replication of ASFV were examined by Western blotting and IFA. [Results] The overexpression of VIM promoted the replication of ASFV, while the knockdown of VIM inhibited ASFV replication. In addition, ASFV infection down-regulated both the protein and mRNA levels of VIM in a time-dependent manner. After ASFV infection, VIM was modified by phosphorylation and changed in subcellular localization, thereby promoting ASFV replication. [Conclusion] This study confirms the interaction between ASFV and the host protein VIM. After ASFV infection, pD1133L leads to the rearrangement of the subcellular localization of VIM towards paranuclear aggregation, which promotes ASFV replication.

African swine fever virus (ASFV)  /  D1133L protein  /  vimentin  /  protein-protein interaction  /  phosphorylation
陈玲玲, 张婷, 郝雨, 杨金柯, 史喜绢, 张大俊, 杨行, 赵登率, 闫文倩, 别鑫恬, 陈国辉, 郑海学, 乐涛, 张克山. 非洲猪瘟病毒D1133L蛋白增加宿主波形蛋白磷酸化而促进病毒在猪巨噬细胞中的复制. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (3) : 720 -732 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230486
Lingling CHEN, Ting ZHANG, Yu HAO, Jinke YANG, Xijuan SHI, Dajun ZHANG, Xing YANG, Dengshuai ZHAO, Wenqian YAN, Xintian BIE, Guohui CHEN, Haixue ZHENG, Tao LE, Keshan ZHANG. D1133L protein of African swine fever virus promotes virus replication in pig macrophages by increasing vimentin phosphorylation in the host[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (3) : 720 -732 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230486
非洲猪瘟(African swine fever, ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus, ASFV)引起的一种具有高度传染性和高致死率的疾病[1],该病2018年传入我国以来,对养猪行业造成了极大的经济损失,目前在越南已推广使用ASFV弱毒活疫苗[2]。ASFV是非洲猪瘟相关病毒科(Asfarviridae)的成员,是一种核胞质大型DNA病毒,也是目前唯一已知的DNA虫媒病毒;该病毒分离株可分为高、中和低毒力,受感染家猪的临床表现因感染病毒株的毒力、途径、感染剂量以及宿主的遗传背景和饲养状态而异[3]
ASFV病毒粒子呈正二十面体对称结构,由内到外分为类核、核心壳、内膜、衣壳和外囊膜5层结构[4]。ASFV是一种有囊膜的双链DNA病毒,其基因组为170−193 kb,包含151−167个开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF),编码150−170个蛋白[5]。ASFV编码6种解旋酶蛋白,分别命名为pD1133L、pB962L、pQP509L、pQ706L、pA859L以及pC962R,均属于解旋酶超家族Ⅱ成员[6-7]。其中,pD1133L是一种中晚期表达蛋白,同时分布于细胞质和细胞核,可能参与病毒转录过程[8]。前期研究表明,pD1133L对ASFV复制至关重要,条件性敲除D1133L基因的ASFV重组病毒相对于亲本毒株的复制能力明显减弱[9]。本实验室前期通过免疫沉淀-质谱联用(immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, IP-MASS)技术筛选、鉴定,构建了可能与pD1133L互作的宿主蛋白质网络[10],其中波形蛋白(vimentin, VIM)为pD1133L互作的候选宿主蛋白之一,但其具体机制尚未明确,仍待进一步探究。
VIM是中间丝(intermediate filament, IF)蛋白家族中表达广泛和高度保守的蛋白之一,在病毒感染中发挥至关重要的作用[11]。虽然VIM主要存在于细胞质中,但同样以分泌形式出现在多种细胞表面,例如上皮细胞、巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞等[12]。细胞表面VIM可作为辅助性受体促进病毒结合和进入过程,据报道,细胞表面VIM可作为SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白ACE2结合的辅助受体,从而促进病毒对上皮细胞的侵袭[13-14]。病毒侵入细胞后,细胞内VIM通过磷酸化等翻译后修饰调节其溶解度与聚合形式的转变,劫持细胞骨架以促进其在细胞中的进一步运输[15]。有研究表明,VIM在猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus, CSFV)感染期间与非结构蛋白NS5A相互作用,发生磷酸化重排形成笼状结构,将NS5A招募到内质网(endoplasmic reticulum, ER)促进病毒复制复合物(viral replication complex, VRC)形成[16]。钙调蛋白依赖性激酶II型γ (calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ gamma, CaMKIIγ)介导的VIM磷酸化由于改变了VIM在细胞质中的分布而促进猪圆环2型病毒(porcine circovirus type 2, PCV2)在宿主体内的复制[17]。此外,寨卡病毒(Zika virus, ZIKV)在感染过程中,VIM在病毒蛋白合成阶段发生剧烈重组,形成包围并聚集于VRC周围的核周笼形结构以促进病毒复制[18]。然而,关于VIM在ASFV感染过程中的调控作用,目前尚未有明确的研究结果。
为探究宿主蛋白VIM在ASFV感染期间的综合变化情况以及VIM对ASFV复制的影响,本研究利用过表达以及敲低VIM分析了VIM对ASFV复制的影响;使用Western blotting和荧光定量PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qPCR)验证了ASFV感染期间VIM蛋白水平以及转录水平的变化情况;通过间接免疫荧光试验(immunofluorescence assay, IFA)以及Western blotting确定了ASFV复制后可发生VIM磷酸化并引起亚细胞定位发生改变,该动力学现象的发生由ASFV编码的pD1133L调控。
猪肺泡巨噬细胞(porcine alveolar macrophages, PAMs)、骨髓巨噬细胞(bone marrow-derived macrophages, BMDMs)、恒河猴肾细胞(MA-104)、人胚肾细胞(HEK-293T)均由中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所非洲猪瘟区域实验室保存提供,所有细胞均在5% CO2、37 ℃的环境中培养。
ASFV毒株(CN/GS/2018株)由中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所ASFV区域实验室提供。本研究与ASFV相关的试验均在中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所动物生物安全三级实验室(animal biosafety level 3 laboratory, ABSL-3)中进行。
兔抗VIM (10366-1-AP)、抗β-actin单克隆抗体(81115-1-RR)购自Proteintech公司;Anti-Phospho-(Ser/Thr) Phe抗体(ab17464)购自Abcam公司;辣根过氧化物酶(horseradish peroxidase, HRP)标记的山羊抗兔IgG (H+L) (A21020)和山羊抗鼠IgG (H+L)抗体(A21010)购自Abbkine公司;针对ASFV pD1133L和p72的鼠单克隆抗体由本实验室制备。
将ASFVD1133L基因(GenBank登录号:41901314)插入到pcDNA3.1(+)表达载体,构建真核表达质粒pcDNAFlag-D1133L;将猪源VIM基因(GenBank登录号:100522394)插入到pcDNA3.1(+)表达载体,构建真核表达质粒pcDNAMyc-VIM。真核表达质粒由武汉金开瑞生物工程有限公司构建。
高糖DMEM培养基、RPMI 1640培养基、Opti-MEM培养基、胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum, FBS)、Lipofectamine 2000、Lipofectamine RNAiMAX、0.25% EDTA胰酶均购自Gibco公司;PBS、10×多聚赖氨酸、焦碳酸二乙酯(diethyl pyrocarbonate, DEPC)、三抗混合溶液购自Solarbio公司;化学发光底物(enhanced chemiluminescence,ECL)显色液购自Advansta公司;RNA抽提试剂TRIzol Reagent购自ThermoFisher Scientific公司;TB GreenTM PremixEx TaqTM Ⅱ、PrimeScriptTM RT Master Mix、2×ProTaq HS Probe Premix购自TaKaRa公司;蛋白酶抑制剂购自Roche公司;4′, 6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, DAPI)荧光染料购自Beyotime公司。
用含蛋白酶抑制剂的NP40缓冲液将细胞样品刮取下来,在4 ℃条件下翻转裂解1 h,然后对样品进行超声处理1.5 min,间隔5 s (频率为20 kHz,输出强度为30%)。12 000 r/min离心5 min去除细胞碎片,保留上清细胞裂解液。将细胞裂解液与相应的标签抗体、IgG抗体以及Protein G琼脂糖凝珠在4 ℃孵育过夜。第2天,用NP-40缓冲液洗涤Protein G琼脂糖凝珠3次,每次10 min。12 000 r/min离心10 min破碎Protein G琼脂糖凝珠,加入蛋白上样缓冲液,进行后续Western blotting试验。
使用Lipofectamine 2000细胞转染试剂完成细胞瞬时转染。将MA-104细胞铺于12孔板中,待细胞密度至70%−80%时,使用Lipofectamine 2000转染试剂进行转染,6 h后更换细胞培养液,然后以感染复数(multiplicity of infection, MOI)=1剂量感染ASFV细胞,病毒感染24 h后收集细胞样品,通过qPCR分析VIM过表达对ASFV复制的影响。
针对VIM特异性siRNA序列由上海吉玛制药技术有限公司合成(表1)。使用Lipofectamine RNAiMAX进行转染,将VIM特异性siRNA序列转染到PAMs细胞中,转染6 h后换液,转染24 h后收集细胞样品,分析VIM siRNA干扰效率;VIM siRNA转染6 h后更换培养液,然后进行以MOI=1剂量感染ASFV,病毒感染24 h后收集细胞样品,分析VIM对ASFV复制的影响。
收集细胞样品,用TRIzol法提取细胞总RNA,并通过反转录获得cDNA,以GAPDH mRNA水平为内参值进行检测。PCR反应体系(10 μL):cDNA (浓度为200 ng/μL) 1 μL,DEPC水3 μL,TB GreenTM PremixEx TaqTM Ⅱ 5 μL,上下游引物(10 mmol/L)各0.5 μL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃ 3 min;95 ℃ 10 s;60 ℃ 34 s,共40个循环。相对定量引物序列见表2,引物序列由奥科鼎盛生物科技有限公司合成。
收集细胞样品,反复冻融3次使细胞破碎,12 000 r/min离心10 min去除细胞碎片。PCR反应体系(25 μL):上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)及探针引物各1 μL,病毒上清3 μL,DEPC水6.5 μL,2×ProTaq HS Probe Premix 12.5 μL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃ 2 min;95 ℃ 7 s;60 ℃ 12 s,共4个循环;95 ℃ 6 s;58 ℃ 11 s,共40个循环。所用针对ASFVp72的绝对定量引物序列以及探针引物序列见表3
收集细胞样品,加入蛋白上样缓冲液置于100 ℃金属浴中煮沸10 min使蛋白充分变性,12 000 r/min离心5 min。使用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(80 V、30 min;120 V、60 min)分离蛋白。在100 V、90 min冰浴条件下转膜,5% BSA常温条件下封闭,用TBST (含有0.1% Tween-20)洗涤3次,每次5 min;4 ℃孵育抗体过夜,用TBST洗3次,每次5 min。然后加入HRP标记的二抗室温孵育1 h后,使用TBST洗涤3次,每次5 min。最后,用ECL化学发光显色液进行显色。
将PAMs进行UT、DMSO、KN-93不同处理(UT组:未进行DMSO或KN-93处理,感染ASFV;DMSO组:DMSO处理,感染ASFV;KN-93组:KN-93处理,感染ASFV)后感染ASFV,在不同时间点收取样品并进行冻融两次。采取健康猪的抗凝全血,用含1%两性霉素、庆大霉素的PBS进行清洗,3 000 r/min离心5 min;清洗至离心后上清液近似为无色透明即可得到猪红细胞。将PAMs铺入96孔板,每孔加入20 μL的猪红细胞(400倍稀释)。将不同处理组样品进行梯度稀释,从10−1−10−7,接入含PAMs和红细胞的96孔板中,每个稀释度样品设置8个重复孔。连续读板7 d,观察红细胞吸附现象。按照Reed-Muench法计算HAD50
使用1×多聚赖氨酸(PBS稀释)在37 ℃包被共聚焦小皿1 h,干燥后将MA-104细胞铺于共聚焦小皿内,培养至60%−70%汇合度,将pcDNA-Flag-D1133L真核表达质粒转染至细胞,放置培养箱培养24 h后处理样品。样品中加入1 mL 4%多聚甲醛室温固定1 h;用PBS清洗后,每个皿加入500 µL的0.3% Triton X-100室温通透1 h;用PBS清洗后,使用5% BSA常温封闭1.5 h;然后加入用5% BSA (用PBS稀释)稀释的Flag抗体以及VIM抗体,4 ℃过夜孵育;第二天回收抗体,用PBST清洗3次,每次5 min,加入荧光素标记的抗体(Alexa Fluor 488抗兔抗体以及Alexa Fluor 594抗鼠抗体),室温孵育2 h;用PBST清洗后,加DAPI荧光染料染色细胞核10 min。使用激光共聚焦仪器观察荧光,并保存图片。
使用1×多聚赖氨酸在37 ℃包被共聚焦小皿1 h,干燥后将BMDMs铺至共聚焦小皿内,6 h后ASFV (MOI=1)感染细胞,不同时间点后处理样品,步骤同上。
所有涉及统计学分析的数据至少重复3次。以“平均数±标准差”表示,用t检验分析数据平均值间的统计学差异,*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01;***:P<0.001。
本实验室前期筛选的与ASFV pD1133L互作的候选宿主蛋白数据表明,VIM与其存在互作关系[10]。为进一步验证VIM与ASFV pD1133L的相互作用关系,在HEK-293T细胞中分别将空载体pcDNA3.1(+)与pFlag-D1133L以及pFlag-D1133L与pMyc-VIM共转染,转染6 h后更换为正常培养基,24 h后收取样品,分别使用两种标签抗体孵育的Protein G进行Co-IP试验。结果表明,VIM与ASFV pD1133L存在相互作用(图1)。
为确定宿主VIM对ASFV复制的影响,转染pcDNA-Flag-D1133L至MA-104细胞,转染24 h后,更换培养基,用ASFV CN/GS/2018株(MOI=1)感染MA-104细胞,感染后24 h收取细胞样品检测其对ASFV复制的影响,qPCR结果表明随着VIM表达量的增加,ASFVp30p72转录水平显著高于对照组(图2A2B),过表达VIM后,病毒基因组拷贝数也显著高于对照组(图2C)。综上所述,在MA-104细胞上过表达VIM促进ASFV复制。
为进一步确定VIM促进ASFV复制的调控作用,针对VIM设计合成3对特异性的siRNA (表1)分别转染至PAMs中。在感染后24 h收取样品,用qPCR检测VIM表达水平,筛选出干扰效果最明显的序列。结果显示,siRNA-2415-VIM的干扰效果最好(图3A)。在PAMs转染siRNA-2415-VIM后以MOI=1剂量感染ASFV,进一步探究VIM对ASFV复制影响。qPCR结果表明,敲低VIM基因后,ASFVp30、ASFVp72转录水平显著低于NC (阴性对照)组(图3B3C),p72蛋白表达显著低于NC组(图3D)。综上表明,敲低PAMs中VIM表达水平会显著抑制ASFV复制。
前文已经验证宿主蛋白VIM对ASFV复制具有正调控作用,为进一步确定ASFV感染期间VIM表达情况,在PAMs和BMDMs细胞中以MOI=1剂量感染ASFV,于不同时间点(0、12、18、24、36、48 hpi)收集样品分析VIM蛋白水平以及转录水平的变化。结果显示,在PAMs中,与未感染细胞(0 hpi)相比,ASFV以时间依赖性方式抑制细胞内VIM蛋白水平以及转录水平的表达(图4A4B);同样,在BMDMs中,ASFV分别在蛋白水平和转录水平以时间依赖性抑制细胞内VIM表达(图4C4D)。以上结果表明细胞内VIM表达受到ASFV感染的调控,其具体机制仍待进一步探究。
在病毒入侵复制期间,VIM可受到细胞激酶对其结构域磷酸化位点的调节从而诱导细胞骨架丝的解聚和重排。为探究ASFV感染期间是否涉及到VIM的动力学变化,在BMDMs中,通过Western blotting分析了ASFV感染后细胞内VIM磷酸化情况,结果表明,与0 hpi组相比,ASFV感染24 h后VIM磷酸化水平降低,感染后36 h后VIM磷酸化水平增加(图5A)。为进一步分析ASFV感染后细胞内VIM定位情况,通过IFA观察到未感染ASFV时VIM在BMDMs中均匀地分布在细胞质中,随着感染时间增加,VIM在细胞内定位发生重排,逐渐向细胞核周聚集(图5B)。为探究ASFV感染期间VIM重排现象是否与pD1133L存在联系,将空载体pcDNA3.1(+)和pcDNA-Flag-D1133L转染至MA-104细胞中,24 h后通过IFA观察试验结果并对细胞内VIM定位进行分析,相对于Vector组,转染Flag-D1133L后VIM亚细胞定位发生改变向核旁聚集(图5C5D)。综上所述,ASFV感染期间VIM总磷酸化水平增强,且亚细胞定位发生重排,该动力学现象的发生由pD1133L介导。
为进一步明确VIM磷酸化对ASFV复制的调控作用,选用磷酸化抑制剂KN-93[19]进行后续试验。
将BMDMs铺于96孔板中,以不同剂量的磷酸化抑制剂KN-93处理细胞,处理48 h后使用CCK-8试剂盒检测KN-93对细胞的毒性。检测表明,KN-93在5 μmol/L及以下对细胞活力无显著影响(图6A)。通过Western blotting分析了VIM磷酸化受到抑制后对ASFV复制的影响,将BMDMs铺于6孔板中,待细胞贴壁后使用DMSO以及KN-93预处理,感染ASFV后于不同时间点收取样品进行检测。结果显示,ASFV感染24 h后,与UT组(未进行DMSO或KN-93处理,感染ASFV)以及DMSO组相比,KN-93处理后VIM磷酸化水平降低,p72以及pD1133L表达受到抑制(图6B)。应用红细胞吸附试验检测UT组、DMSO组以及KN-93处理组样本中ASFV的病毒滴度情况。结果显示,在感染ASFV 24 h和36 h后,与UT组以及DMSO组相比,KN-93处理组样品的病毒滴度均降低(图6C),与Western blotting结果一致。以上结果表明,KN-93能够抑制VIM磷酸化水平,且在不同感染时间下均可抑制ASFV复制。
为进一步分析ASFV感染后VIM磷酸化抑制剂KN-93对VIM亚细胞定位的影响,使用DMSO以及KN-93对BMDMs进行预处理,然后感染ASFV,通过IFA试验观察到DMSO处理组VIM亚细胞定位随ASFV感染时间增加发生重排并向细胞核周聚集,KN-93处理组则抑制了ASFV感染后VIM的重排(图6D)。综上所述,VIM磷酸化促进ASFV复制。
ASFV作为一种编码超过150种病毒蛋白的大型双链DNA病毒,尽管目前已有大量研究证实了ASFV蛋白的功能,但是ASFV复杂的发病机制以及宿主因素对ASFV复制的影响依旧值得深入探索[4]。ASFV入侵宿主后与宿主之间蛋白质网络互作在其生命周期中发挥复杂的调控作用,因此,解析病毒与宿主蛋白的相互作用能够为开发新的抗病毒药物提供可能的靶点线索,并为深入研究ASFV的感染机制提供理论依据。
本实验室前期工作预测ASFV编码的pD1133L作为解旋酶之一对ASFV复制至关重要[8-9],目前尚不清楚pD1133L在病毒复制过程中发挥的作用。基于针对ASFV pD1133L互作宿主蛋白的鉴定筛选到细胞骨架蛋白VIM为pD1133L互作蛋白之一[10]。VIM是一种Ⅲ型中间丝骨架蛋白,包围在细胞核周围并向外延伸到细胞质膜形成巨大的细胞内网络结构,可作为辅助性受体或与病毒复制复合物相互作用在多种病原体感染期间发挥重要调控功能[20]。因此,为进一步探究ASFV pD1133L与VIM的相互调控关系,本研究通过外源转染Myc-VIM真核表达质粒以及VIM siRNA试验表明,VIM能促进ASFV复制。有研究报道在DENV-2感染过程中,VIM的磷酸化和溶解度发生了动态变化,VIM蛋白总水平发生显著下降[21]。Caspase 9介导的切割导致VIM的异常表达有助于癌细胞的侵袭[22];此外,在重热伴血小板减少综合征病毒(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, SFTSV)入侵过程中,VIM还可与其非结构蛋白NSs相互作用,通过K48连接的泛素-蛋白酶体途径降解VIM诱导的自噬以促进病毒复制[23]。以上研究表明VIM蛋白表达量在病毒复制和细胞自噬过程中发挥重要调控作用。本研究结果表明,VIM蛋白水平以及转录水平表达受到抑制,与ASFV感染呈时间依赖性,推测VIM在ASFV复制期间可能受到降解调控,其中具体调控机制尚未明确,仍待进一步探索。
近年来,有研究表明,VIM在细菌及其他病原体复制中发挥重要作用,病原体可通过调节细胞骨架的重排以促进其复制,细胞内VIM的动力学变化依赖于翻译后修饰(posttranslational modifications, PTMs),例如磷酸化。有报道称,沙门氏菌效应器SopB可重组VIM网络结构形成包裹沙门氏菌复制液泡的笼状结构[24];在登革热病毒(Dengue virus, DENV)感染期间发生依赖于CaMKIIγ诱导的VIM重排和磷酸化,这种向核周聚集重排的动力学现象对DRNV VRC的形成不可缺少从而促进病毒RNA的有效复制[25]。本研究检测了ASFV感染对VIM磷酸化水平的影响,发现随着ASFV感染时间增长VIM总磷酸化水平增加,在细胞质中VIM网络随ASFV感染时间增长发生剧烈重组聚集在核旁,该动力学变化由ASFV pD1133L介导;ASFV p30与VIM共定位,随ASFV感染时间增长由细胞外围向核周聚集。靶向CaMKIIγ的抑制剂KN-93预处理后感染ASFV可抑制VIM磷酸化水平,VIM亚细胞定位向核周聚集受到负调节,ASFV复制受到抑制。因此,基于VIM在ASFV感染过程中发挥的生物学功能,本研究表明CaMKIIγ介导的VIM磷酸化对ASFV复制至关重要,VIM网络向核周聚集,包裹、运输病毒粒子到达核周病毒工厂以促进ASFV复制。
本研究证实了VIM是促进ASFV体外复制的关键宿主蛋白;通过Western blotting、IFA试验表明在ASFV复制过程中VIM磷酸化水平增强,亚细胞定位发生改变向核周聚集,该现象由ASFV编码的pD1133L介导;ASFV感染后可介导VIM发生磷酸化修饰形成VIM笼,包裹运输病毒粒子到达核周病毒工厂,以促进ASFV复制。本研究丰富了ASFV蛋白pD1133L与宿主蛋白VIM之间的互作调控网络,为进一步研究ASFV致病机制提供新的参考。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1801300)
  • 甘肃省科技重大专项计划(21ZD3NA001-5)
  • 甘肃省科技重大专项计划(20ZD7NA006)
  • 甘肃省科技计划(21JR7R024)
  • 动物用生物制品创制与应用(21ZD3NA001)
  • 国家生猪产业体系(CARS-35)
  • 国家生猪技术创新中心先导科技项目(NCTIP-XD/C03)
  • “十四五”广东省农业科技创新十大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022SDZG02)
  • 中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2022-LVRI)
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2024年第64卷第3期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230486
  • 接收时间:2023-07-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-03-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-20
  • 录用日期:2023-12-06
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1801300)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1801300)
Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Major Special Program(21ZD3NA001-5)
甘肃省科技重大专项计划(21ZD3NA001-5)
Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Major Special Program(20ZD7NA006)
甘肃省科技重大专项计划(20ZD7NA006)
Gansu Province Science and Technology Plan(21JR7R024)
甘肃省科技计划(21JR7R024)
Creation and Application of Biological Products for Animal Use(21ZD3NA001)
动物用生物制品创制与应用(21ZD3NA001)
National Swine Industry System(CARS-35)
国家生猪产业体系(CARS-35)
National Swine Technological Innovation Centre Pilot Science and Technology Program(NCTIP-XD/C03)
国家生猪技术创新中心先导科技项目(NCTIP-XD/C03)
"14th Five-year Plan" Guangdong Province Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Ten Major Directions "Listed and Commanded" Project(2022SDZG02)
“十四五”广东省农业科技创新十大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022SDZG02)
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Science and Technology Innovation Project(CAAS-ASTIP-2022-LVRI)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2022-LVRI)
作者信息
    1 重庆师范大学生命科学学院, 重庆 401331
    2 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所/兰州大学动物医学与生物安全学院 动物疫病防控全国重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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