Article(id=1241356321769968237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230639, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1697644800000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1705593600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-01-19, onlineDate=1773892010394, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1712160000000, pubDateStr=2024-04-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773892010394, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773892010394, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892010394, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241356311292605058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='4', pageStart='981', pageEnd='1321', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773892007897, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892637358, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241358951523087136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241358951523087137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1162, endPage=1174, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241356322130678407, articleId=1241356321769968237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Overexpression and functional characterization of ACSMU and PhaCMU fromMassilia sp. UMI-21, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To obtain the proteins of acetyl-CoA synthase (ACSMU) and PHA synthase (PhaCMU) fromMassilia sp. UMI-21 by structuring anin vitro recombinant expression system, and to elucidate their roles in the biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) using the one-phase reaction system (OPRS). [Methods] Seamless cloning was employed to ligate the acetyl-CoA synthase geneacsMU and the PHA synthase genephaCMU amplified fromMassilia sp. UMI-21 to the pQE-80L plasmid to construct the recombinant plasmids. The recombinant plasmids were transformed intoEscherichia coli BL21(DE3), and the recombinant strains were obtained. ACSMU and PhaCMU were purified using a 6×His tag, and their activities were determined by the 5, 5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) method. With 3HB as a substrate, the one-phase reaction system (OPRS) was employed to validate the functions of ACSMU and PhaCMU in the biosynthesis of PHB. [Results] The recombinant strains BL21-pQE-80L-acsMU and BL21-pQE-80L-phaCMU were successfully engineered, with the ACSMU and PhaCMU yields of 24.8 mg/L and 25.6 mg/L, respectively. The specific activity of ACSMU was (0.148±0.011) U/mg, and that of PhaCMU for (R)-3HBCoA was (0.102±0.011) U/mg. Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H-NMR) results showed that products from the all three PHB synthesis pathways, ACSPt-PCTCP-PhaCRe, ACSMU-PCTCP-PhaCRe, and ACSMU-PCTCP-PhaCMU, in OPRS were PHB. The yields of PHBvia the three pathways were 0.62, 0.76, and 0.64 g/L, respectively. [Conclusion] The genesacsMU andphaCMU can be overexpressed in theE.coli expression system to yield active soluble proteins. Compared with the ACSPt-PCTCP-PhaCRe pathway, substitution of ACSPt with ACSMU increased the PHB yield by 22.58%. The yield of PHB was contingent upon the stability of acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS), which provided acetyl-CoA for reaction under identical PhaC. Replacing PhaCRe with PhaCMU decreased the PHB yield by 15.79% compared with ACSMU-PCTCP-PhaCRe. The polymerase PhaC plays a crucial role in PHB synthesis under identical precursor concentrations.

, correspAuthors=Xuerong HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*HAN Xuerong, E-mail:
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【目的】构建马赛菌(Massilia sp.) UMI-21来源乙酰辅酶A合成酶ACSMU和聚羟基脂肪酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoate, PHA)合酶PhaCMU的体外重组表达体系并过表达2种酶,利用体外合成体系确定2种酶在Massilia sp. UMI21聚3-羟基丁酸(polyhydroxybutyrate, PHB)合成途径中的主要功能。【方法】利用无缝克隆技术将来源于Massilia sp. UMI-21的乙酰辅酶A合成酶基因acsMU和PHA合酶基因phaCMU扩增后与pQE-80L质粒连接,转导大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) BL21(DE3)构建2个基因的重组表达体系;利用6×His标签纯化蛋白ACSMU和PhaCMU,并采用5, 5′-二硫双(2-硝基苯甲酸) [5, 5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), DTNB]法测定其活性;使用体外单相合成系统(one-phase reaction system, OPRS),以(R)-3HB为底物,验证ACSMU和PhaCMU这2种酶在合成PHB途径中的功能。【结果】成功构建了ACSMU和PhaCMU蛋白重组表达菌株BL21-pQE-80L-acsMU和BL21-pQE-80L-phaCMU,提纯得到过表达蛋白ACSMU和PhaCMU产率分别为24.8 mg/L和25.6 mg/L;ACSMU酶比活力为(0.148±0.011) U/mg。PhaCMU酶对(R)-3HBCoA的比活力为(0.102±0.011) U/mg;核磁共振氢谱(nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy,1H-NMR)分析结果表明,使用ACSPt-PCTCP-PhaCRe、ACSMU-PCTCP-PhaCRe和ACSMU-PCTCP-PhaCMU这3条OPRS途径均能合成PHB,产量分别为0.62、0.76和0.64 g/L。【结论】acsMUphaCMU基因可利用大肠杆菌表达体系过表达并可获得具有活性的可溶性蛋白;对比ACSPt-PCTCP-PhaCRe合成体系,ACSMU替代ACSPt合成PHB产量增加22.58%,在聚合酶相同的情况下,PHB的合成产量依赖乙酰辅酶A合成酶(acetyl-CoA synthase, ACS)合成乙酰辅酶A的稳定性。使用PhaCMU代替PhaCRe,对比ACSMU-PCTCP-PhaCRe组合,合成PHB产量减少了15.79%。在聚合前体浓度相同的情况下,PHB合成量依赖聚合酶的活性。

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journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)合酶), Keyword(id=1241444634006712662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=聚3-羟基丁酸(PHB)合成途径)], refs=[Reference(id=1241444638058410464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=38, issue=2, pageStart=46, pageEnd=53, url=https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SWGJ201802007.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=中国生物工程杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵志强, Lacmata Tamekou Stephen, 咸漠, 刘修涛, 冯新军, 赵广.重组大肠杆菌转化甘油合成聚3-羟基丙酸-co-乳酸[J].中国生物工程杂志,2018,38(2):46-53., articleTitle=重组大肠杆菌转化甘油合成聚3-羟基丙酸-co-乳酸, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241444638188433895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, doi=null, pmid=null, 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Chinese)., articleTitle=Screening and identification of a polyhydroxyalkanoate-synthesizing strain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241444643888493209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, doi=10.1128/JB.183.14.4235-4243.2001, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=183, issue=14, pageStart=4235, pageEnd=4243, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of Bacteriology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MCCOOL GJ, CANNON MC.PhaC and PhaR are required for polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase activity inBacillus megaterium[J].Journal of Bacteriology,2001,183(14):4235-4243., articleTitle=PhaC and PhaR are required for polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase activity inBacillus megaterium, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241444637722866132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, awardId=31971252, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural 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A:acsMU PCR result. M: DL2000 DNA marker; Lane 1: GeneacsMU. B:phaCMU PCR results. M: DNA marker Q; Lane 1 and 2: GenephaCMU., figureFileSmall=Bc1AhomVQAtY1QqiXW7+tA==, figureFileBig=qSm2WxVMw3xfAule4JkWWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444634489057646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, language=CN, label=图1, caption=目的基因acsMUphaCMU的PCR电泳结果图, figureFileSmall=Bc1AhomVQAtY1QqiXW7+tA==, figureFileBig=qSm2WxVMw3xfAule4JkWWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444634690384250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Identification of pQE-80L-acsMU and pQE-80L-phaCMU. A: Identification of pQE-80L-acsMU. M: DL15000 DNA marker; Lane 1: pQE-80L single digestion; Lane 2: pQE-80L-acsMU single digestion. B: Identification of pQE-80L-phaCMU. M: DNA marker Q; Lane 1−3:phaCMU PCR validation., figureFileSmall=9pHHXuC7MmgwBCdOM0ZKvA==, figureFileBig=wzi2/C/M12LZqP8hkksuiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444634832990596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, language=CN, label=图2, caption=pQE-80L-acsMU和pQE-80L-phaCMU鉴定电泳图, figureFileSmall=9pHHXuC7MmgwBCdOM0ZKvA==, figureFileBig=wzi2/C/M12LZqP8hkksuiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444634954625419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Electrophoresis results of optimized expression conditions for ACSMU and PhaCMU. A: ACSMU induced expression. M: Protein marker; Lane 1: Supernatant protein without inducer addition; Lane 2: Precipitated protein without added inducer; Lane 3: Supernatant protein with inducer addition; Lane 4: Precipitated protein with added inducer. B: ACSMU expression temperature optimization. M: Protein marker; Lane 1: 37 ℃; Lane 2: 30 ℃; Lane 3: 20 ℃; Lane 4: 15 ℃. C: ACSMU expression inducer concentration optimization. M: Protein marker; Lane 1: 0.2 mmol/L; Lane 2: 0.5 mmol/L; Lane 3: 0.8 mmol/L. D: PhaCMU induced expression. M: Protein marker; Lane 1: Total enzyme solution; Lane 2: Supernatant protein., figureFileSmall=yB0f+OlkOJAD/p/2OYISvw==, figureFileBig=cISsFyWq7f8NhJn651q6Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444635093037456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, language=CN, label=图3, caption=ACSMU和PhaCMU的表达条件优化电泳结果, figureFileSmall=yB0f+OlkOJAD/p/2OYISvw==, figureFileBig=cISsFyWq7f8NhJn651q6Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444635265003928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Electrophoresis of purification PHA synthesis-related enzymes. A: ACSMU purification result. M: Protein marker; Lane 1: ACSMU. B: ACSPt purification result. M: Protein marker; Lane 1: ACSPt. C: PCTCp purification result. M: Protein marker; Lane 1: PCTCp. D: PhaCRe purification result. M: Protein marker; Lane 1: PhaCRe. E: PhaCMU purification result. M: Protein marker; Lane 1: PhaCMU., figureFileSmall=WxAewv1qfh9ZWr2Ogi1XMQ==, figureFileBig=EdfLzBsah71GWODG7k5YuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444635390833059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PHA合成相关酶的纯化电泳图, figureFileSmall=WxAewv1qfh9ZWr2Ogi1XMQ==, figureFileBig=EdfLzBsah71GWODG7k5YuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444635491496359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=1H-NMR results ofin vitro synthesis products. A:1H-NMR results of PHB synthesized by ACSPt-PCTCp-PhaCRe. B:1H-NMR results of PHB synthesized by ACSMU-PCTCp-PhaCRe. C:1H-NMR results of PHB synthesis by ACSMU-PCTCp-PhaCMU., figureFileSmall=41ff5hfUmr3aGDbUw+xhsg==, figureFileBig=yIUZcJHTgQzr2ZojPmf9Ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444635608936876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, language=CN, label=图5, caption=体外合成产物的1H-NMR结果, figureFileSmall=41ff5hfUmr3aGDbUw+xhsg==, figureFileBig=yIUZcJHTgQzr2ZojPmf9Ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444637131469232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Yields and enzyme specific activities of PHB synthesis-related enzymes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ProteinsConcentration
(mg/mL)
Yield
(mg/L)
Specific activity
(U/mg)
ACSMU6.224.80.148±0.011
ACSPt14.070.00.289±0.015
PCTCp12.070.00.389±0.026
PhaCRe16.088.00.246±0.017
PhaCMU6.425.60.102±0.011
), ArticleFig(id=1241444637244715449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PHB合成相关酶产量及酶比活力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ProteinsConcentration
(mg/mL)
Yield
(mg/L)
Specific activity
(U/mg)
ACSMU6.224.80.148±0.011
ACSPt14.070.00.289±0.015
PCTCp12.070.00.389±0.026
PhaCRe16.088.00.246±0.017
PhaCMU6.425.60.102±0.011
), ArticleFig(id=1241444637387321794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Extraction results of products of PHB byin vitro OPRS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Enzymes in PHB synthetic pathwaysDry weight of product (mg)Yield (g/L)
ACSPt, PCTCp, PhaCRe3.100.62
ACSMU, PCTCp, PhaCRe3.800.76
ACSMU, PCTCp, PhaCMU3.200.64
), ArticleFig(id=1241444637496373704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356321769968237, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

PHB的体外合成产物提取结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Enzymes in PHB synthetic pathwaysDry weight of product (mg)Yield (g/L)
ACSPt, PCTCp, PhaCRe3.100.62
ACSMU, PCTCp, PhaCRe3.800.76
ACSMU, PCTCp, PhaCMU3.200.64
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来源于马赛菌(Massilia sp.) UMI-21的ACSMU和PhaCMU体外表达及功能研究
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王明 2 , 李雪 2 , 韩雪容 1, 2, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(4): 1162-1174
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(4): 1162-1174
来源于马赛菌(Massilia sp.) UMI-21的ACSMU和PhaCMU体外表达及功能研究
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王明2, 李雪2, 韩雪容1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 吉林农业大学 吉林省菌物表型组学重点实验室, 吉林 长春 130118
  • 2 长春理工大学生命科学技术学院, 吉林 长春 130022
Overexpression and functional characterization of ACSMU and PhaCMU fromMassilia sp. UMI-21
Ming WANG2, Xue LI2, Xuerong HAN1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Fungal Phenomics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
  • 2 School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
出版时间: 2024-04-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230639
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【目的】构建马赛菌(Massilia sp.) UMI-21来源乙酰辅酶A合成酶ACSMU和聚羟基脂肪酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoate, PHA)合酶PhaCMU的体外重组表达体系并过表达2种酶,利用体外合成体系确定2种酶在Massilia sp. UMI21聚3-羟基丁酸(polyhydroxybutyrate, PHB)合成途径中的主要功能。【方法】利用无缝克隆技术将来源于Massilia sp. UMI-21的乙酰辅酶A合成酶基因acsMU和PHA合酶基因phaCMU扩增后与pQE-80L质粒连接,转导大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) BL21(DE3)构建2个基因的重组表达体系;利用6×His标签纯化蛋白ACSMU和PhaCMU,并采用5, 5′-二硫双(2-硝基苯甲酸) [5, 5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), DTNB]法测定其活性;使用体外单相合成系统(one-phase reaction system, OPRS),以(R)-3HB为底物,验证ACSMU和PhaCMU这2种酶在合成PHB途径中的功能。【结果】成功构建了ACSMU和PhaCMU蛋白重组表达菌株BL21-pQE-80L-acsMU和BL21-pQE-80L-phaCMU,提纯得到过表达蛋白ACSMU和PhaCMU产率分别为24.8 mg/L和25.6 mg/L;ACSMU酶比活力为(0.148±0.011) U/mg。PhaCMU酶对(R)-3HBCoA的比活力为(0.102±0.011) U/mg;核磁共振氢谱(nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy,1H-NMR)分析结果表明,使用ACSPt-PCTCP-PhaCRe、ACSMU-PCTCP-PhaCRe和ACSMU-PCTCP-PhaCMU这3条OPRS途径均能合成PHB,产量分别为0.62、0.76和0.64 g/L。【结论】acsMUphaCMU基因可利用大肠杆菌表达体系过表达并可获得具有活性的可溶性蛋白;对比ACSPt-PCTCP-PhaCRe合成体系,ACSMU替代ACSPt合成PHB产量增加22.58%,在聚合酶相同的情况下,PHB的合成产量依赖乙酰辅酶A合成酶(acetyl-CoA synthase, ACS)合成乙酰辅酶A的稳定性。使用PhaCMU代替PhaCRe,对比ACSMU-PCTCP-PhaCRe组合,合成PHB产量减少了15.79%。在聚合前体浓度相同的情况下,PHB合成量依赖聚合酶的活性。

马赛菌UMI-21  /  乙酰辅酶A合成酶(ACS)  /  聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)合酶  /  聚3-羟基丁酸(PHB)合成途径

[Objective] To obtain the proteins of acetyl-CoA synthase (ACSMU) and PHA synthase (PhaCMU) fromMassilia sp. UMI-21 by structuring anin vitro recombinant expression system, and to elucidate their roles in the biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) using the one-phase reaction system (OPRS). [Methods] Seamless cloning was employed to ligate the acetyl-CoA synthase geneacsMU and the PHA synthase genephaCMU amplified fromMassilia sp. UMI-21 to the pQE-80L plasmid to construct the recombinant plasmids. The recombinant plasmids were transformed intoEscherichia coli BL21(DE3), and the recombinant strains were obtained. ACSMU and PhaCMU were purified using a 6×His tag, and their activities were determined by the 5, 5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) method. With 3HB as a substrate, the one-phase reaction system (OPRS) was employed to validate the functions of ACSMU and PhaCMU in the biosynthesis of PHB. [Results] The recombinant strains BL21-pQE-80L-acsMU and BL21-pQE-80L-phaCMU were successfully engineered, with the ACSMU and PhaCMU yields of 24.8 mg/L and 25.6 mg/L, respectively. The specific activity of ACSMU was (0.148±0.011) U/mg, and that of PhaCMU for (R)-3HBCoA was (0.102±0.011) U/mg. Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H-NMR) results showed that products from the all three PHB synthesis pathways, ACSPt-PCTCP-PhaCRe, ACSMU-PCTCP-PhaCRe, and ACSMU-PCTCP-PhaCMU, in OPRS were PHB. The yields of PHBvia the three pathways were 0.62, 0.76, and 0.64 g/L, respectively. [Conclusion] The genesacsMU andphaCMU can be overexpressed in theE.coli expression system to yield active soluble proteins. Compared with the ACSPt-PCTCP-PhaCRe pathway, substitution of ACSPt with ACSMU increased the PHB yield by 22.58%. The yield of PHB was contingent upon the stability of acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS), which provided acetyl-CoA for reaction under identical PhaC. Replacing PhaCRe with PhaCMU decreased the PHB yield by 15.79% compared with ACSMU-PCTCP-PhaCRe. The polymerase PhaC plays a crucial role in PHB synthesis under identical precursor concentrations.

Massilia sp. UMI-21  /  acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS)  /  polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase  /  polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthesis pathway
王明, 李雪, 韩雪容. 来源于马赛菌(Massilia sp.) UMI-21的ACSMU和PhaCMU体外表达及功能研究. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (4) : 1162 -1174 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230639
Ming WANG, Xue LI, Xuerong HAN. Overexpression and functional characterization of ACSMU and PhaCMU fromMassilia sp. UMI-21[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (4) : 1162 -1174 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230639
聚羟基脂肪酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHAs)是微生物在碳过量和氮或磷酸盐等必需生长营养素的限制浓度下以颗粒形式贮藏在细胞内的水不溶性链状高分子聚合物[1]。根据PHAs单体中碳原子数的不同,PHAs主要分为两类:短链长PHAs (short chain length PHAs, SCL-PHAs)和中链长PHAs (medium chain length PHAs, MCL-PHAs),具有从脆性到弹性的广泛材料性能[2]。其中SCL-PHAs单体主要由3−5个碳原子组成,其材料特性和生物降解性与石油基塑料相似,因此可以作为传统石化基塑料的替代品[3]
聚3-羟基丁酸(polyhydroxybutyrate, PHB)是SCL-PHAs的典型代表[4]。目前,已发现包括光能、化能自养和异养菌共计65个属以上的300多种微生物都能产生PHB,如:芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)[5]、固氮菌属(Azotobacer)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)等[6]。这些不同菌属的微生物主要通过糖代谢途径合成PHB,在合成过程中起关键作用的是3种酶,分别由phaAphaBphaC编码的β-酮硫解酶(β-ketothiolyase, PhaA)、NADPH/NADH依赖型乙酰乙酰辅酶A还原酶(acetylacetyl-CoA reductase, PhaB)和PHA合酶(PHA synthase, PhaC)。由两分子乙酰辅酶A依次经过PhaA生成乙酰乙酰辅酶A,经PhaB生成单体(R)-3-羟基丁酰辅酶A [(R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, (R)-3HB-CoA]后经PhaC的催化聚合生成PHB[7]。在大多数产PHB细菌体内,乙酰辅酶A是合成的起点,当以糖为碳源时,通过糖酵解生成的丙酮酸经过丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物的催化生成乙酰辅酶A;当以乙酸(盐)为碳源时,乙酰辅酶A的合成是通过AMP-ACS (乙酸浓度低)或PTA-AK (乙酸浓度高)的催化生成[8],提高胞内乙酰辅酶A浓度可有效提高PHB的合成量[9]。因此,高效提供乙酰辅酶A的合成酶是提高PHB产量的重要环节。
近期,研究者们报道了使用葡萄糖[10]或淀粉[11-12]合成PHB的马赛菌(Massilia)。马赛菌(Massilia)能利用海藻衍生的多糖生产PHA,是生产可降解生物塑料有希望的候选者。其中,本团队从石莼分离出一株以淀粉、麦芽糖或麦芽三糖作为唯一碳源产PHB的微生物,鉴定为马赛菌(Massilia sp.) UMI-21[13]。马赛菌UMI-21具有能利用多糖而不能利用单糖作为碳源的特点,这可能与菌株的细胞膜对多糖的转运有关。与模式菌富养罗尔斯通氏菌(Ralstonia eutropha)不同,Massilia sp. UMI-21的PHB合成相关基因编码了多个PHA合酶基因,推测其中phaC1为Ⅰ类PhaC[14],但是否为PHB合成途径中的关键酶仍需确认。另外,该菌株编码乙酰辅酶A合成的acsMU的功能和活性未知。
根据模式菌株PHB的合成过程涉及的相关酶,研究人员使用体外过表达相关酶作为催化剂,通过合成生物学手段开发了2种体外合成体系,一种是在缓冲液中使用体外过表达的酶提供聚合酶所需的单体进行聚合的单项反应体系(one-phase reaction system, OPRS),另一种是使用两相界面的酯交换反应获得聚合前体的水-有机溶剂两相反应体系称为两相反应体系(two-phase reaction system, TPRS)[15]。体外合成体系因为合成途径清晰、反应可视化、产物提取便利等优点,在新型PHA开发、酶活力和底物特异性分析、酶的功能验证等方面具有优势。本研究利用OPRS设计3条PHB合成途径,将来源于Massilia sp. UMI-21的ACSMU和PhaCMU作为乙酰辅酶A供给酶和底物聚合酶,验证其在合成PHB途径中的功能。首先,利用基因异源重组方法构建acsMUphaCMU的过表达体系;其次,利用镍柱纯化法从大量培养的重组菌中获得过表达的2种蛋白,采用5, 5′-二硫双(2-硝基苯甲酸) [5, 5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), DTNB]法测定ACSMU和PhaCMU酶活性;最后,通过OPRS体系,根据设计的合成途径,对2种酶在PHB合成途径中的功能进行验证。
本实验中所涉及的马赛菌(Massilia sp.) UMI-21、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) DH5α、大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)均由本实验室保存。
LB培养基(g/L):胰蛋白胨10.0,酵母提取物5.0,NaCl 10.0。固体培养基另添加15.0 g/L琼脂,121 ℃灭菌20 min。
R2A培养基(g/L):3.2 g R2A Liquid Medium加热溶解于1 000 mL蒸馏水中,121 ℃灭菌15 min。
胰蛋白胨、酵母提取物,赛默飞世尔科技公司;辅酶A (CoA)、乙酰辅酶A、(R)-3HB、ATP、DTNB、氘代氯仿,合肥博美生物科技有限责任公司;R2A Liquid Medium,青岛高科技工业园海博生物技术有限公司;细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒,天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;2×Phanta Flash Master Mix高保真DNA聚合酶、ClonExpress Ultra One Step Cloning Kit,南京诺维赞生物科技股份有限公司;限制性内切酶,纽英伦生物技术(北京)有限公司。
超声波破碎仪,宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;紫外-可见分光光度计,岛津制作所;旋转蒸发仪,上海亚荣生化仪器厂;核磁共振波谱仪,Bruker Daltonics公司。
挑取Massilia sp. UMI-21单菌落进行活化后,转接至5 mL的R2A培养基中,30 ℃、180 r/min培养过夜后,4 000 r/min离心10 min收集菌体,使用酚抽提法提取基因组DNA,具体步骤参照细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒说明书操作。
根据全基因组测序结果,设计acsMU的PCR扩增引物FacsMU (5′-accatcaccatcacggatccATGG AAGATGTCGTCATCGTGG-3′)和RacsMU (5′-aa gctcagctaattaagcttGCCCAACGCGCTCAGTC-3′),phaCMU的PCR扩增引物FphaCMU (5′-accatcacca tcacgATGCCTGACCCCCAAGCTT-3′)和RphaCMU (5′-ccggggtaccgagctAAGTGCATCGACTGTCTG AACG-3′)。PCR反应体系:基因组DNA 1.0 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各1.5 μL,2×Phanta Flash Master Mix高保真DNA聚合酶10 μL,ddH2O补充到20 μL。PCR反应条件:98 ℃ 3 min;98 ℃ 10 s,60 ℃ 5 s,72 ℃ 10 s,循环35次;72 ℃ 10 min;4 ℃保存。
acsMU (BamH Ⅰ和Hind Ⅲ)和phaCMU (BamH Ⅰ和Sac Ⅰ) PCR产物各3.5 μL,与经对应的相同酶切位点处理的表达载体pQE-80L 1.5 μL混合后加入到5 μL ClonExpress Ultra One Step Cloning Kit,在50 ℃连接30 min。反应产物热激转化至100 μLE.coli DH5α感受态细胞,加入900 μL LB,37 ℃、180 r/min复苏1 h后,涂布到LB-Amp (100 mg/L)培养基筛选阳性克隆。
acsMU基因重组质粒使用BamH Ⅰ单酶切切割法,1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳后出现的基因片段大小与理论值进行对比验证。含phaCMU基因的重组质粒使用引物FphaCMU和RphaCMU进行扩增,与空白质粒的扩增结果进行比对验证。验证成功后,使用热转化方法将含有目的基因acsMUphaCMU的重组质粒分别转导入BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,涂布于LB-Amp (100 mg/L)培养基,培养至长出菌落。
ACSMU蛋白表达:将BL21-pCold Ⅳ-acsMU接种于5 mL LB-Amp (100 mg/L)培养基中,37 ℃、180 r/min培养过夜。以1:20的比例转接到两瓶50 mL LB-Amp (100 mg/L)培养基中,37 ℃、180 r/min培养4 h后分成两组,一组无IPTG诱导,另一组加入IPTG (终浓度0.5 mmol/L),30 ℃、180 r/min培养16 h,于4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心30 min收集菌体沉淀。向每组菌体沉淀中加入2.5 mL PBS缓冲液(10 mmol/L磷酸盐,150 mmol/L NaCl,pH 7.2−7.4)重悬菌体,冻融2次后,超声破碎处理(超声条件:开2 s,间隔2 s,超声10 min,重复2次),4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心30 min分离上清和沉淀进行SDS-PAGE检测。
诱导温度优化:重组菌株BL21-pQE-80L-acsMU,37 ℃、180 r/min培养4 h后,添加IPTG (终浓度0.5 mmol/L)后培养16 h。诱导温度梯度为37、30、20和15 ℃,优化菌株的诱导温度。
IPTG浓度优化:重组菌株BL21-pQE-80L-acsMU,37 ℃、180 r/min培养4 h后,分别添加终浓度为0.2、0.5、0.8 mmol/L IPTG,15 ℃、150 r/min培养16 h,优化诱导剂浓度。
PhaCMU培养条件:30 ℃、180 r/min培养4 h后,添加IPTG (终浓度0.5 mmol/L),15 ℃、150 r/min条件下,诱导16 h。在此条件下,可溶性蛋白的表达量与形成包涵体的量大致相同,大量提取目标蛋白时采用相同的培养条件。
ACS合成的乙酰辅酶A的CoA基团需要被丙酰CoA转移酶PCTCp转移至游离的3HB上形成3HB-CoA后,在PHA合酶PhaC催化下合成PHB[16]。为了使用OPRS验证ACSMU和PhaCMU酶的PHB合成能力,本研究使用丙酸梭菌(Clostridium propionicum) JCM 1430来源的PCTCp作为聚合前体3HBCoA的供给酶,使用来源于嗜热丙酸厌氧肠状菌(Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum) JCM 10971 ACSPt和来源于R.eutropha的Ⅰ类PHA合酶PhaCRe作为对比。以下是3种酶的表达与提纯方法。
ACSPt培养条件:37 ℃、180 r/min扩大培养4 h后,加入IPTG (终浓度0.5 mmol/L),培养16 h。PCTCp培养条件:37 ℃、180 r/min扩大培养4 h后,添加IPTG (终浓度0.5 mmol/L),15 ℃、150 r/min培养16 h。PhaCRe培养条件:37 ℃、180 r/min扩大培养4 h后,添加IPTG (终浓度0.5 mmol/L)于30 ℃、150 r/min培养8 h。
His-Tag提纯(4 ℃):收集1 L培养后菌体使用50 mL PBS缓冲液重悬,采用超声破碎处理,12 000 r/min离心20 min弃上清后,使用50 mL PBS缓冲液重悬获得蛋白上清液。上清液与3 mL镍柱柱料于4 ℃混合3 h后,去掉流出液,用10倍柱体积含20 mmol/L咪唑的PBS缓冲液洗涤,然后用含200 mmol/L咪唑的PBS缓冲液洗脱目的蛋白,经SDS-PAGE鉴定洗脱液后收集浓度高的组分,在4 ℃下,使用2 L PBS缓冲液透析24 h,期间换4次透析液以除去咪唑,得到纯化的蛋白溶液。使用BSA蛋白标准曲线法测定蛋白浓度并保存在−80 ℃。
ACSPt/ACSMU和PhaCRe/PhaCMU的活性测定方法与先前采用的DTNB法一致[15]。PCTCp活性使用间接法测定,PCTCp催化CoA转移反应中,仅有CoA供体乙酰辅酶A的消耗。使用柠檬酸合酶催化草酰乙酸和乙酰辅酶A生成柠檬酸同时释放CoA,通过检测CoA浓度间接计算PCTCp的活性。PCTCp活性测定:反应体积500 μL包含100 mmol/L NaH2PO4 (pH 7.5)、10 mmol/L (R)-3HB、2 mmol/L乙酰辅酶A混匀后置于30 ℃预热,加入0.5 mg/mL PCTCp酶后,于0−30 min中每隔5 min分别取出45 μL反应液,立即加入已分装好的5 μL (50 mmol/L草酰乙酸和1 mg/mL柠檬酸合酶)的EP管中,10 min后测量412 nm吸光度值。根据CoA浓度计算酶比活力。每种蛋白活性测定至少重复3次。
PHB的体外合成体系(5 mL)包括100 mmol/L NaH2PO4 (pH 7.5)、200 mmol/L (R)-3HB、10 mmol/L MgCl2、30 mmol/L ATP、0.2 mg/mL BSA、1 mmol/L CoA、10 mmol/L乙酸、0.2 mg/mL ACS、0.2 mg/mL PCT和0.5 mg/mL PhaC。先加缓冲液,后加其他组分并充分混匀,最后按ACS、PCT、PhaC的顺序加入生物酶,密封后将合成管放入30 ℃,静置72 h。反应结束后,加入等量的氯仿,于100 ℃水浴3 h。冷却后通过0.22 μm PTFE滤膜收集氯仿相,经旋转蒸发仪旋蒸至体积约1 mL后加入5倍体积预冷的甲醇,4 ℃过夜沉淀。使用0.22 μm PTFE滤膜收集沉淀物,并于30 ℃恒温干燥24 h。
取干燥后的白色沉淀物3−4 mg放到核磁管中,加入2−3 mL氘代氯仿。使用Bruker核磁共振波谱仪(Ascend 500 MHz)以90 ℃脉冲4 ms,3 000 Hz频谱宽度和4 s重复率获得聚合物的核磁共振氢谱。
acsMUphaCMU基因的PCR扩增产物的1%琼脂糖电泳结果如图1所示。图1A中泳道1在1 000 bp上方有条带,与目的基因acsMU 1 200 bp理论大小相符。图1B中泳道1在2 000 bp下方有条带,与目的基因phaCMU 1 857 bp大小相符。此结果表明成功扩增了acsMUphaCMU
重组质粒pQE-80L-acsMUBamH Ⅰ单酶切验证结果如图2A所示,对比pQE-80L经BamH Ⅰ单酶切后的线性载体在5 000 bp下方出现条带(理论值4 751 bp),pQE-80L-acsMUBamH Ⅰ单酶切后的线性载体在5 000 bp以上出现明显条带(理论值5 930 bp),证明重组质粒含有目的基因acsMU。重组质粒pQE-80L-phaCMu的PCR验证结果如图2B所示,3条PCR产物均在2 000 bp下方出现明亮且单一条带(理论值1 857 bp),证明重组质粒含有目的基因phaCMU
重组菌株BL21-pQE-80L-acsMU的表达结果如图3A所示,与不添加诱导剂(图3A泳道1和2)相比,添加0.5 mmol/L IPTG (图3A泳道3和4)在约为40.0 kDa有明显条带,与ACSMU蛋白理论值40.8 kDa大小相符,证明ACSMU蛋白要经IPTG诱导后表达,然而表达的蛋白大部分形成包涵体在沉淀中出现(图3A泳道4),因此要进一步优化ACSMU的蛋白表达条件。
诱导温度优化结果如图3B所示,随着温度降低蛋白在上清液中表达量增加,15 ℃时(图3B泳道4),蛋白表达量最高。诱导剂浓度的优化结果表明,ACSMU表达的最适IPTG浓度为0.5 mmol/L (图3C泳道2)。优化后的ACSMU的表达条件为37 ℃、180 r/min扩大培养4 h后,添加IPTG (终浓度0.5 mmol/L),15 ℃、150 r/min诱导16 h。PhaCMU在30 ℃、180 r/min扩大培养4 h后,降低温度至15 ℃后,添加IPTG (终浓度0.5 mmol/L),150 r/min诱导16 h的结果如图3D所示,总酶液中(图3D泳道1)和上清液中(图3D泳道2)均出现PhaCMU条带,浓度大致相同,大量提纯时使用此条件培养。
为了使用OPRS检验ACSMU和PhaCMU的PHB合成能力,本研究使用PCTCp将乙酰辅酶A的CoA转移至3HB的羧基端形成3HBCoA,为PhaC提供前体。ACSPt是一种既知的能为体外合成体系提供乙酰辅酶A的乙酰辅酶A合成酶[17],本研究以ACSPt为对照,设计ACSPt/ACSMU-PCTCp-PhaCRe两条PHB合成途径,通过合成产物量和产物结构分析确定ACSMU合成能力。马赛菌(Massilia sp.) UMI-21的PhaCMU属于Ⅰ类PhaC[13],来源于R.eutropha的PHA合酶PhaCRe是Ⅰ类PhaC的代表性酶[18],因此以PhaCRe为对照设计ACSMU-PCTCp-PhaCRe/PhaCMU两条合成途径验证PhaCMUPHB合成能力。
本研究根据设计的合成途径,大量提取ACSMU、ACSPt、PCTCP、PhaCRe和PhaCMU并测定了其酶活性。三类酶(5种)的纯化结果如图4所示,ACSMU和ACSPt分子量分别约为40.8 kDa和74.0 kDa,PCTCP分子量约为65.0 kDa,PhaCMU和PhaCRe分子量分别约为64.0 kDa和72.0 kDa,均与理论分子量一致。经纯化后目的蛋白条带清晰且浓度较高。
五种蛋白表达量和比活性结果总结于表1。ACSPt和ACSMU的表达量分别为70.0 mg/L和24.8 mg/L;PCTCp的表达量为70.0 mg/L;PhaCRe和PhaCMU表达量分别为88.0 mg/L和25.6 mg/L。ACSPt和ACSMU的酶比活力分别为(0.289±0.015) U/mg和(0.148±0.011) U/mg,ACSMU只有ASCPt的50%;PCTCp的酶比活力为(0.389±0.026) U/mg;PhaCRe的酶比活力为(0.246±0.017) U/mg,PhaCMU的酶比活力为(0.102±0.011) U/mg,约为PhaCRe的40%。
使用ACSPt/ACSMU-PCTCp-PhaCRe设计OPRS,合成产物的结果如表2所示,对比使用ACSPt合成产物量为0.62 g/L,使用ACSMU合成产物量为0.76 g/L,增加了22.58%。根据设计的ACSMU-PCTCp-PhaCRe/PhaCMU合成途径,使用PhaCMU合成产物量为0.64 g/L,比使用PhaCRe低15.79%。不同途径获得产物的核磁共振氢谱(nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy,1H-NMR)结果如图5所示,样品分别在5.3、2.6、1.3 ppm有强信号,与PHB的各个C上H的位移一致[19],证明3组反应产物均为PHB。
R.eutropha通过糖酵解生成的丙酮酸经过丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物的催化生成乙酰辅酶A,由两分子乙酰辅酶A依次经过PhaA,经PhaB生成3HB-CoA和PhaC的催化合成PHB[20]。微生物体内乙酰辅酶A持续供给是PHB合成产量增加的必要条件,在糖酵解过程中,存在3个限速酶,分别为己糖激酶、6-磷酸果糖激酶和丙酮酸激酶,这使得通过基因工程手段改造糖酵解过程从而提高乙酰辅酶A胞内浓度具有挑战性,陈涛等在乙酸存在的条件下,通过过表达基因工程菌体内ACS从而提高乙酰辅酶A胞内浓度成功获得了更高的PHB产量[9]。本研究团队在Massilia中鉴定了多种编译ACS的基因,但都与其他菌属一致性低且未对其功能进行验证。比活力高低表明在底物浓度相同时,酶提供产物的能力。本研究克隆并表达了Massilia sp. UMI-21的acsMU基因,ACSMU对乙酸的比活力是ACSPt的51.2%,是来源于R.eutropha的ACS (AcoE)的44%[16],为后续在Massilia sp. UMI-21中调控胞内乙酰辅酶A浓度提供了靶点。本研究使用OPRS设计的合成途径,分析ACSMU在PHB合成中的功能结果表明,该酶通过将乙酸转化为乙酰辅酶A,为PCT酶提供CoA供体用于底物3HBCoA合成,并在PhaC作用下合成PHB。低比活性的ACSMU合成PHB产量高于高比活性ACSPt,这个结果与ACSPt合成PHB的产量也高于活性更高的AcoE类似[15],该结果说明ACS活性高低并不影响PHB合成量,该酶不是聚合物合成的关键酶,但可能酶的稳定性比活性更重要,为提供CoA所必需。
PHA合酶能利用(R)-3HB-CoA为底物,催化(R)-3HB-CoA聚合成PHA,是PHA生物合成过程中的关键酶,决定着所合成PHA的类型及聚合度[21]。蛋白质序列比对结果显示PhaCMU和最典型的Ⅰ类PHA合酶PhaCRe有60%的一致性,推测PhaCMU属于Ⅰ类PHA合酶[19]。在ACSMU-PCTCp-PhaCRe/PhaCMU两组实验中,ACSMU-PCTCp-PhaCMU组PHB产率低于对照组,在合成途径中提供聚合前体的两种酶相同的情况下,产PHB的高低取决于聚合酶的活性,PhaCMU的活性低于PhaCRe是合成PHB产量降低的主要原因。尽管PhaCMU是Ⅰ类PHA合酶,但蛋白序列同源性较低将会导致酶的立体结构改变较大,这些氨基酸的改变对该酶的活性及底物特异性影响仍需进一步研究。
综上所述,本研究成功构建了来源于Massilia sp. UMI-21的acsMUphaCMu基因的重组表达体系,获得两种蛋白的表达量分别为24.8 mg/L和25.6 mg/L,ACSMU比活性为(0.148±0.011) U/mg,PhaCMU对(R)-3HBCoA比活性为(0.102±0.011) U/mg。利用OPRS,对比ACSPt-PCTCP-PhaCRe合成PHB途径组合,ACSMU代替ACSPt合成PHB产量为0.76 g/L,提高22.58%。该结果表明,PHB的合成产量不依赖为合成反应提供乙酰辅酶A的ACS酶的比活性,可能与酶稳定性有关。对比对照组ACSMU-PCTCp-PhaCRe途径,使用PhaCMU代替PhaCRe合成PHB产量为0.64 g/L,下降15.79%。PhaCMU比活性低于PhaCRe是导致PHB合成量降低的主要原因,进一步证明了PhaC是PHB合成途径中的关键限速酶。本研究通过体外重组表达手段,结合使用OPRS设计的合成途径,成功验证了ACSMU和PhaCMU在合成PHB途径中的酶学功能,为Massilia sp. UMI-21的PHB合成途径解析、改造以及新型PHA的合成提供新的思路。
  • 国家自然科学基金(31971252)
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2024年第64卷第4期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230639
  • 接收时间:2023-10-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-04-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-19
  • 录用日期:2024-01-19
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971252)
国家自然科学基金(31971252)
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    1 吉林农业大学 吉林省菌物表型组学重点实验室, 吉林 长春 130118
    2 长春理工大学生命科学技术学院, 吉林 长春 130022

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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